stewart - wiga presentation geography of sports

8/12/2019 Stewart - WIGA Presentation Geography of Sports

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Gregory StewartWhitewater High School

Presentation Adapted From:Paul T. Gray, Jr.

Russellville High SchoolRussellville, Arkansas

THE GEOGRAPHY OF SPORTS


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WHY USE SPORTS TO LEARN ECONOMICAND URBAN GEOGRAPHY?

Some of you really identify with sports

Using local or regional teams can be a way to makegeographic concepts more real

Sports teams are about places, regions, urban, locationsand economics

The economics, locations and practices of sports canalso be a career for you PhD in Sports Management atFlorida State for one example

FINALLY this presentation is NOT really all aboutsports

It is about using sports as a vehicle to understandlocation, economics, migration patterns and othergeographic concepts


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HOW ABOUT SOME SPORTS TRIVIA FIRST? What NCAA team monikers do not end in S?

Crimson Tide, Terrapin#, Wolfpack (NC State and Nevada), Fighting Illini, Cardinal, Red Storm, Orangemen,

Green Wave, Thundering Herd, Golden Hurricane, Midshipmen, Fighting Irish, Mean Green, Minute Men,

Crimson

Why does the University of Alabama-Huntsville have a Div ision 1 Ice Hockey Team?

Answer Chemical Weapons manufacturing, the Space Industry and migration -

http://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.html

Interesting article from deadspin about the distribution of regional sports in America. Odd Monikers - http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315

http://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sports

What NFL, MLB, NBA or NHL team monikers make geographic sense? Which ones do not?

Some starters LA LakersUtah Jazz LA DodgersSF 49ers Seattle MarinersDetroit Pistons

Minnesota Vikings

What about college and more local teams Cyclones, Wonder Boys, Little Johns, Sand Lizards, Boll

Weevils, Muleriders?

What about Wisconsin teams like Oconomowoc, Ashwaubenon, Pewaukee, etc.,

Why did the NBA Baltimore/Washington Bullets change their name to the Washington Wizards in 1995?
http://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://bleacherreport.com/articles/152006-the-25-funniest-and-dumbest-nicknames-in-all-of-sportshttp://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://suite101.com/article/more-unusual-college-and-university-nicknames-a112315http://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.htmlhttp://maroonloon.blogspot.com/2010/11/why-does-huntsville-alabama-have.html


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HOW ABOUT POPULATION MIGRATIONAND SPORTS?

Lets look at the four major sports leagues in NorthAmerica

The spatial patterns of sports teams of the last 50+years obviously mirrors migration


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MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL TEAMLOCATIONS 1950 AND 2000


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NATIONAL BASKETBALLASSOCIATION TEAM LOCATIONS1950 AND 2000


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NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE TEAMLOCATIONS 1950 AND 2000


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NATIONAL HOCKEY LEAGUE TEAMLOCATIONS 1950 AND 2000


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What about looking at theglobalization of Americansports given current numbersan that the U.S. Will beminority white by 2043United states census bureau. (2012). U.S. Census bureau projections show a slower growing, older, more diverse nation a half century from now. Retrieved from

http://www.Census.Gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb12-243.Html


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GLOBALIZATION IN MAJORLEAGUE SPORTSHTTP://THESOP.ORG/SPORTS/2007/04/06/THE-OUTSOURCING-OF-MAJOR-LEAGUE-BASEBALL AND

HTTP://WWW.NBA.COM/PLAYERS/INT_PLAYERS_0708.HTML

How many Latinos and Asians in MajorLeague Baseball can we name?

In 2007, 8.4% African-American, 29.4%

Latino, 2.4% Asian and 59.5% White Shouldnt the NBA be called theInternational Basketball Association?

In 2008, 76 international players of

the NBAs 450 players or approx. 17% Is the practice of calling ourprofessional sports title games WorldChampionship a bit outdated?


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WHAT ABOUT THEECONOMIC GEOGRAPHYOF SPORTS?


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WHERE TO BUILD A NEW STADIUM FOR THE

MILWAUKEE BUCKS??

The NBA is telling the Milwaukee Bucks that they will need to build a new complex for the

Milwaukee Bucks.


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NFL POTENTIAL TV VIEWERSHIP


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LETS LOOK AT THE ST. LOUIS RAMSFOR SOME FOR AN INSIGHT INTO THISTOPIC
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.hoinews.com/uploadedImages/whoi/Sports/Stories/St.%2520Louis%2520Rams.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1696074/posts&h=480&w=640&sz=32&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=eyT8BLa1bUdd0M:&tbnh=103&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3DSt.%2BLouis%2BRams%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sportslogos.net/images/Football/NFL/STL_1029.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.sportslogos.net/logo.php%3Flo%3D1029&h=387&w=545&sz=12&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=S7qeG6fsBjV1eM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3DSt.%2BLouis%2BRams%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG


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IN 1994, THE RAMS DECIDED TOLEAVE LOS ANGELES Factors of (re)location Desire for a new stadium (L.A.refused to build one) Relatively low fan attendanceeven in good years Rams owner at the time, the lateGeorgia Frontiere, a native ofSt. Louis

What about Weber otherlocation factors?


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IN 1994, THE RAMS DECIDED TOLEAVE LOS ANGELES Down the list of factors the Ramsmentioned for moving

Travel costs of a coastal team

Centrality

Estimated annual savings ofaround $200,000 or, an NFLpunter


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THE RAMS MOVED IN 1995, BUT THETRAVEL SAVINGS MAY NOT BEREALIZED EVERY YEAR? Being in the middle of thecountry can be a travel advantage

But, for the 2007 season, this

did not work out The Rams traveled 34,352 milesfor its 10 (including preseason)away games, which is the most in

the NFL in 2007


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OAKLAND RAIDERS TRAVEL MOST IN 2012HTTP://WWW.NFL.COM/NEWS/STORY/09000D5D82A53B24/ARTICLE/OAKLAND-RAIDERS-WILL-TRAVEL-THE-MOST-MILES-IN-2012

Teams traveling under 1,000 miles for a game win 43 percent of the team. The number

drops to 40.3 percent when teams travel between 1,000 and 1,999 miles, and plummets

to 39.8 percent when they travel over 2,000 miles. A 3 percent difference might not sound

like much, but don't tell that to the 8-8 2011 Raiders.

http://visual.ly/2012-nfl-travel
http://www.nfl.com/teams/oaklandraiders/profile?team=OAKhttp://www.nfl.com/teams/oaklandraiders/profile?team=OAK


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WHO ELSE IN THE NFL TRAVELEDTHE LEAST IN 2007? Northeastern teams New York Jets 9,186miles

Buffalo 9,972 milesSource: www.stlouistoday.com/blogs/sports-around-the-horns/2007/08/rams-are-miles-high-in-nfl 8-11-07


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COLLECTIVE NFL TRAVELNFC WEST(SEATTLE, ARIZONA, SAN FRANCISCO ST.

LOUIS) 113,620 milesNFC EAST - (WASHINGTON, PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORK

GIANTS, DALLAS) 53,571 milesSource:www.stlouistoday.com/blogs/sports-around-the-horns/2007/08/rams-are-miles-high-in-nfl 8-11-07


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POPULATION AND INCOMETHRESHOLDS IN PROSPORTS?WWW.BIZJOURNALS.COM/SPECIALS/2006/0213/ $89.2B - Major League Baseball

$38.4B - National Basketball

Association $35.7B - National Hockey League

$33.0B - National Football League

$16.1B - Major League Soccer


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WHAT CITIES HAVE TOO MANYPRO TEAMS ECONOMICALLY?WWW.BIZJOURNALS.COM/SPECIALS/2006/0213/

Tampa Bayonly 2.6M people and3 teams. Most likely to loseRays (recent success maybe not)

Phoenixareas populationcannot sustain 4 teams.Cardinals had worst NFLattendance 5 years running until2008/9 Super Bowl run.


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Denveronly 4M people, but5 teams. Most likely to loseMLS Rapids. Rockies troubled

until 2007 & 2009 playoffruns.

PittsburghSteelers aresacred, but this old baseballtown could lose Pirates.


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Kansas CityCourting NHL &NBA with new arena eventheyve lost both leagues

before. Royals attendancenext to last.

St. LouisOverextendedmarket on paper. But, thisis a sports town. Has lostfranchises in past, though.


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WHY ARE THE VERY SMALL-MARKETGREEN BAY PACKERS SO

SUCCESSFUL? IS IT

Semi-public ownership

Championship-filled history

Football-crazy cheeseheads

NFL collective bargaining

which has done away withguaranteed contracts

So-called competitive paritycaused by preceding


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POPULATION AND MONEY FOR ANEW TEAM?WWW.BIZJOURNALS.COM/SPECIALS/2006/0213/

Los AngelesStill hard tobelieve no NFL team is here.

17.5M people with $600billion income base. 8 proteams already call LosAngeles area home. Actuallyhas income to support 7 NFLteams on paper


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Philadelphiahas a sportsmarket surplus which could

support Major League Soccer. HartfordWas a good NHL cityfor Whalers. Left for NC where

Hurricanes are at bottom of NHLattendance. Has twice the incomeneeded for a team


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Las Vegasfastest growing market. 2Mpeople. Gaming industry scares NBA officials on any

potential move Why does a Vegas location scare pro sports team

owners?

PortlandA potential NFLcity with almost twice thespending potential needed.


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OTHER CITIES WHICH COULDSUPPORT A MAJOR LEAGUE SPORTWWW.BIZJOURNALS.COM/SPECIALS/2006/0213/

Rochester, NYMLS Virginia Beach-NorfolkNBA Northern New JerseyMLB San Bernadino-RiversideMLB


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WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF WEPLOT THESE IDEAS?Lets look at it.


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HERE IS A SCATTERGRAM OFTHESE DATA ON PAPER

Number of MLB, NFL, NHL and NBA Sports Teams in U.S. Cities

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

Population (in thousands)

NumberofTeams

G

L

C

HO

DA

SAN

SAN

CO


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WHAT ABOUT TEACHING THEOTHER FACTORS OF LOCATION

USING SPORTS? According to a Federal ReserveBank of Kansas City Report in2001:

1 extra day of sunny weather peryear means $7-12 more spending

This means $14-24M more spending

in a metro area of 2 million South and West shifts we noticedon earlier maps?


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2001 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OFKANSAS CITY REPORT CONTINUED Metropolitan areas which lost afranchise are more likely tofinance a new stadium (Q of L issue?Inferiority complex w/o a team?)

Bond supporters and teams onlyshow positive impact numbers

Actually, this study found there

are negative indicators of havinga pro sports team


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2001 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OFKANSAS CITY REPORT CONTINUED For example, Maryland residentsget about $1M/year in revenuefrom the Baltimore Ravens

The public cost of the Ravensstadium is $14M/year

Washington residents get $3.8 to

$5.1M compared to $28M annualcost for the Mariners stadium


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WHAT ABOUT TEACHING THE CENTRALPLACE FACTORS OF LOCATION USINGSPORTS? According to Hinch & Higham inSports Tourism Development

Sports teams are centrally

located and there to provideoutlets for the hinterlands

Greater number of sportsprovided, the higher order the

location


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SPORTS TOURISM DEVELOPMENTHINCH AND HIGHAM CONTINUED

Low-order sports (e.g.soccer) can locate in lowerorder thresholds

Higher order locations arefewer and more widely spaced(Christaller) with higher

thresholds (Major LeagueBaseball)


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SPORTS TOURISM DEVELOPMENTHINCH AND HIGHAM CONTINUED

Finally, a hierarchy of sportslocations exists to:

1. Provide consumers who wish to

minimize their travel to obtainthe sports they want.

2. Make producers of sportsmaintain a minimum threshold to

survive.


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MORE CENTRAL PLACE INGEOGRAPHY OF SPORTS

John Bale in Sports Geography says:

A MLB team needs a threshold of 1 million fan visitseach year to be viable

Bale says this number is not realistic for most metroareas

PLACE APPROACH TO SPORTS TEAM


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PLACE APPROACH TO SPORTS TEAMLOCATION HAS ASSUMPTIONS (JUST LIKETHE MODELS WE TEACH):

1. Even population distribution

2. Homogeneous plane surface3. Economic rationality

We all know irregularities

abound How about an example or two?

ICE HOCKEY


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ICE HOCKEY

A Canadian MetropolitanStatistical Area of 3.5M peoplewill average 4,000 more fans per

game than a comparable U.S. MSA(Bale)

SOCCER

Rochester, NY is a soccer-crazyhotbed capable of a pro team

FOOTBALL

Green Bay, Pittsburgh

BASEBALL

St. LouisBASKETBALL

Memphis


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I AM AN NFL FAN

My friends were driving toCooperstown,NY via Detroit twosummers ago

Began thinking about how close

Detroit, Cincinnati, Cleveland,Indianapolis, etc. are to each other

Wondered who is a fan of whom incertain places

Decided this had to be mapped usinghexagons


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EXPERIMENT WITH CENTRALPLACE AND THRESHOLDS

ONE STUDENT WAS VERY


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ONE STUDENT WAS VERYFRUSTRATED TRYING TO MAKE

THE HEXAGONS WORK. I SAIDTO EXPERIMENT


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HER NEXT TRY PRODUCED THIS MAP


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ANOTHER WAY TO MAP SPORTS TEAMALLEGIANCE IS BY

Number and location of radio stations which carry a team


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STUDENTS COULD MAP THECLEVELAND BROWNS NETWORK

OHIO

AKRON / WAKR-AM 1590

ASHLAND / WNCO-AM 1340

ASHTABULA / WFUN-AM 970

ATHENS / WATH-AM 970

BUCYRUS / WQEL-FM 92.7

CADIZ / WCDK-AM 1430

CANTON / WHBC-AM 1480CELINA / WKKI-FM 94.3

CHILLICOTHE / WCHI-AM 1350

CLEVELAND / WMMS-FM 100.7 / WTAM-AM 1100

COLUMBUS / WFJX-FM 105.7

DAYTON / WONE-FM 97.5

DEFIANCE / WDFM-FM 98.1

DOVER / WJER-FM 101.7

ELYRIA / WEOL-AM 930

FINDLAY / WQTL-FM 106.3

FOSTORIA / WFOB-AM 1430LIMA / WBUK-FM 106.3

MANSFIELD / WMAN-AM 1400

MARIETTA / WJAW-FM 100.9

MARION / WMRN-AM 1490

MOUNT VERNON / WMVO-AM 1300

NEWARK / WHTH-AM 790

PAINESVILLE / WBKC-AM 1460

PORTSMOUTH / WNXT-AM 1260

SANDUSKY / WMJK-FM 100.9 / WLEC-AM 1450

TOLEDO / WIOT-FM 104.7

WOOSTER / WQKT-FM 104.5

YOUNGSTOWN / WNCD-FM 93.3 / WKBN-AM 570

ZANESVILLE / WHIZ-AM 1240

OTHER STATES

KENTUCKY

LEXINGTON / WLAP-AM 630

NEW YORK

HORNELL / WLEA-AM 1480

ROCHESTER / WYSL-AM 1040

PENNSYLVANIA

CORRY / WEYZ-AM 1530 / WWCB-AM 1370ERIE / WJET-AM 1400

WEST VIRGINIA

PARKERSBURG / WJAW-FM 100.9

LETS SEE WHO IS A COLTS


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LETS SEE WHO IS A COLTSFAN Colts Radio Affiliates

2009 Colts Radio Affiliates

WASK98.7 FM Lafayette, INWAXL103.3 FM Santa Claus, INWBIW1340 AM Bedford, INWBRT1320AM Bardstown, KYWCRA1090 AM/104.7 FM Effingham, ILWDAN1490 AM Danville, ILWEFM95.9FM Michigan City, INWGBF103.1 FM Evansville, INWFNI1070 AM Indianapolis, IN -FLAGSHIPWGCL1370 AM Bloomington, INWIBN98.1 FM Oxford, INWIFE94.3 FM Rushville,INWIMC103.9 FM Crawfordsville, INWJCP1460 AM North Vernon, INWJOT105.9 FM/1510 AM Wabash,INWKBV1490 AM Richmond, INWLHK97.1 FM Indianapolis, IN - FLAGSHIPWMRI - AM860 AM Marion,INWMRS107.7 FM Monticello, INWMXQ96.7 FM Alexandria, INWNDA1570 AM New Albany, IN/Louisville,KYWNDI95.3 FM Sullivan, INWORX96.7 FM Madison, INWOWO1190 AM Ft. Wayne,INWPGW1440AM/100.9 FM Portland, INWREB94.3 FM Greencastle, INWROI92.1 FM Rochester,INWRSW - AM1480 AM Warsaw, INWRZQ (QMIX)107.3 FM Columbus, INWRZR94.5 FM Loogootee,INWSAL1230 AM Logansport, INWTCJ1230 AM Tell City, INWTSZ1600 AM Eminence, KYWVJS1420AM Owensboro, KYWVLN - AM740 AM Olney, ILWWBL106.5 FM Washington, INWWVR105.5 FM TerreHaute, INWXFN1340 AM Muncie, INWYFX106.7 FM Mt. Vernon, INWYNG94.9 FM Mt. Carmel,ILWZDM92.1 FM Vincennes, INWZOW97.7 FM/102.3 FM South Bend, IN


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THE NFLHTTP://IMAGES.GOOGLE.COM/IMGRES?IMGURL=HTTP://CARTOPHILIA.COM/BLOG/IMAGES/2008FOOTBALLSTATES1.GIF&IMGREFURL=HTTP://CARTOPHILIA.COM/BLOG/L

AB ELS/U NIT ED% 2520S TAT ES. HTM L&U SG= __XQP 966 S0U -

OXT8N1ISENW1LS2SE=&H=453&W=713&SZ=25&HL=EN&START=16&ITBS=1&TBNID=U0R4FR9U9VBAOM:&TBNH=89&TBNW=140&PREV=/IMAGES%3FQ%3DINDIANAPOLIS%2

BCOLTS%2BRADIO%2BSTATION%2BMAP%26GBV%3D2%26HL%3DEN


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MLB


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WHY NOT USE SPORTS?

Male bias

Some kids, regardless of gender, are not interested insports

The APHG Exam has not seemed to have sports questions


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NATIONAL BASKETBALLASSOCIATION TEAM LOCATIONS1950 AND 2010National Basketball AssociationTeams 2010


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NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUETEAM LOCATIONS 1950 AND2010National Football Teams 2010


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NATIONAL HOCKEY LEAGUETEAM LOCATIONS 1950 AND2010National Hockey League Teams

2010

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