stock management lesson 2.7 – year 12 business. 1.raw materials and components - these are waiting...
TRANSCRIPT
Stock ManagementLesson 2.7 – Year 12 Business
1. Raw materials and components
- these are waiting to be used in the production process
2. Work in progress or unfinished goods
- these are stocks of goods in the process of being manufactured
3. Finished goods
- these are goods produced and ready to be sold.
What are Stocks?
But why do we want to hold stocks?
Holding Stocks…
Advantages…
+ Can meet customer demand & no upset customers
+ Production lines not halted by shortage of raw materials
+ Economies of scale by purchasing in bulk
A happy customer
Holding Stocks…
Disadvantages.. - Warehouse Costs- Security Costs- Stocks may perish (e.g.
food) or go out of style (e.g. clothes/computers)
Warehouse and security costs
Stock Control Methods
Just-in Case and Just-in Time
Just in Case (JIC)
1. Just-in-case (JIC): firms have buffer stocks (spare stocks) at each stage of production.
+ Production can continue if consumer demand rises or if suppliers are delayed
- However, firms can be left with large levels of stock (which may lose value and need to be kept in a warehouse with security)
Just-in Time (JIT)
2. Just-in-time (JIT): firms try to keep stock levels to a minimum, with supplies being delivered just as they are needed.
+ This reduces the cost of holding stock
- However, firms need reliable suppliers otherwise the whole system breaks down (production may stop, customers may not get the product)
What else do we need to know? Contrast the short-term and long-term
implications of the different approaches, given the particular organisation and the market within which it is operating
If a company is considering switching to just-in-time, think about how easy this will be to implement, given its particular circumstances in terms of finance, personnel, relationships with suppliers and customers and the type of product being manufactured.
Activity
Just in Case versus Just in Time activity.
Stock Control ChartsStock Level
(Units)
Time (Months)
100
200
300
1 2 3 4
Stock Control ChartsStock Level
(Units)
Time (Months)
100
200
300
1 2 3 4
Stock Control Charts (Draw me)Stock
Level
(Units)
Time (Months)
100
200
300
1 2 3 4
Maximum Stock
Re-order Level
Minimum Stock
Lead TimeBuffer
Stock
Stock control charts key terms… Maximum stock level – this is the maximum amount of
stock a business would wish to hold. This could represent enough stock for a month or a week, it might be as much as the warehouse has space for, or it might depend on the order size needed to qualify for a quantity discount .
Re-order level – this acts as a trigger point, so that when stocks fall to this level, the next order should be placed. This helps take account of fluctuations in sales levels over time.
Lead time – the amount of time between placing the order and receiving the stock
Stock control charts key terms… Minimum stock level – this is the minimum
amount of product the business would want to hold in stock. Assuming the minimum stock level is more than zero, this is known as buffer stock
Buffer stock – an amount of stock held as a contingency in case of unexpected orders so that such orders can be met and in case of any delays from suppliers.
Stock control diagram activity
Please have a go at the stock control drawing task