storage tiering “…assigning the most reliable, high-performance equipment to support the most...
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Storage Tiering“…assigning the most reliable, high-performance equipment to support the most critical data, and the most cost-effective resources to support older, less critical information…”
Ken WaltersPBS
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Questions
>How many of you have a SAN?>If you don’t, do you think it
would be too expensive & complicated?
>If you do, are you using a single large array?
>Are you considering iSCSI?
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Agenda
>Definitions>Justifications>Background>Tiered Model>Enabling Technology>Deployment
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Definitions
>ATA/IDE (PATA)>SATA (Serial ATA)>SAS (Serial Attached SCSI)>FC (Serial SCSI)>SMB (Small/Medium Business)>SAN (Storage Area Network)>DAS (Direct Attached Storage)>Virtualization
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Justifications
>Lower disk costs> SATA vs. FC
>Lower connectivity costs> IP vs. FC
>Faster provisioning> CAT5 vs. FC, iSCSI vs. FC
>Improved Productivity>Foundation for ILM and Utility
Computing
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Background
>Concept has been around for a long time> Mainframe environment> Tape often a major component> Large amounts of data> Large amounts of money
>Not within reach of the SMB
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Background
>Changing Times> More being stored> Retention Periods> Disaster Recovery> Logging> Data mining> Regulations - HIPPA, SOX
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Background
>Typical SMB Data Center> Technologies not conducive to
efficient storage tiering: >Direct Attached Storage>Single array> Islands of storage
>NAS>DAS>SAN
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Background
>Typical SMB Data Center> “Many-hat” staffing
>No Storage Administrator
> DAS mindset> Distributed mindset
>Many servers each running one thing>Makes storage networking expensive
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Tiered Model
>Storage is heavily centralized and networked
>Storage is well virtualized> Storage arrays > In-band appliances > Gateways> Server side virtualization
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Tiered Model
>Multiple levels of storage > Differing performance > Differing availability> Differing Service Objectives
>Problem resolution>Backup and restore>Recovery Time Objective
(RTO)/Recovery Point Objective (RPO)
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Enabling Technologies
>IP Storage >Gateways>Inexpensive disks>Inexpensive arrays>Multi disk type arrays>Sophisticated Array Software>Storage friendly PNP operating
systems>Low cost SAN components>Zero Server Footprint arrays
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Deployment
>If you don’t have a SAN, build one and do it with iSCSI> Use FC only where you need it and make sure
you really need it.
>If you have a FC SAN, leverage it> Gateway iSCSI > Gateway NAS > Consolidate Storage Islands
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Deployment
>Replace equipment > Arrays that support FC and SATA under common
controllers (soon there will be SAS as well)> Software to migrate between tiers
>Augment by adding a new array to your SAN> SATA instead of FC
>Centralize Storage and attach as many servers as possible to drive down TCO
>Start deploying multiple tiers
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Time Check
>Still to go> Defining Tiers > Defining Availability> Implementing> Benefits
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Maple Syrup
> Grade A
> Grade B?
> Grade C?
> Grade A Light Amber
> Grade A Medium Amber
> Grade A Dark Amber
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Defining Tiers
> Avoid tier names that may disappoint> Determine the attributes based on solid business
analysis
Availability
Performance Uses
AAA 99.99 HighOLTP, ERP, Decision Support, Messaging, Databases
AA 99.9 High/MediumFile Serving, Development, DR Mirrors, D2D Backup
A 99.8 Medium/LowArchiving, D2D Backup, Bulk Storage
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AAA - Defined
Availability 99.99
PerformanceHigh write and read performance, rapid rebuild
after disk failure
Disk Type FC, 15K, 73GB, 100% Duty Cycle
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AA - Defined
Availability 99.9
PerformanceRead performance high, write moderate, rebuild
time moderate
Disk Type FC/SATA, 15/7.2K, 73/250GB, 100% Duty Cycle
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A - Defined
> Consider RAID0 if you choose very large disks
Availability 99.8
Performance
Write performance low, read moderate, RAID5 rebuilds painfully slow. RAID0 may be a better choice, but no protection other than backups.
Disk TypeSATA, 7,200/5,400K, 250/320GB, Duty Cycle
30/50?/100?
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Measuring Availability
> Avoid targets in italics> People laugh at the top two now> You lose sleep with the bottom one> Cost of adding a “9” can be exponential
% Uptime % DowntimeDowntime per Year
Downtime per week
98% 2% 7.3 days 3 hrs 22 min
99% 1% 3.65 days 1 hr 41 min
99.8% 0.2% 17 hrs 30 min 20 min 10sec
99.9% 0.10% 8 hrs 45 min 10 min 5 sec
99.99% 0.01% 52.5 min 1 min
99.999% 0.001% 5.25 min 6 sec
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Availability & Service Levels>Defining availability targets is crucial
> Management approval> Everyone wants five nines until they see the
price tag. The operational costs can be staggering.
> Charge backs help people be realistic
>Use a Service Level Objective (SLO) not an Agreements
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Implementing Tiering
>Sell the idea to management>Classify your data
> Importance, security, lifespan, availability> Mission Critical, Business Critical, Operational
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Implementing Tiering
>Tier applications> Attributes include
> Performance> Availability> Recoverability > Security> Disaster recovery RPO/RTO
>Define storage tiers>Define server tiers
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Benefits of Tiering
>Highest availability does not become your lowest common denominator.
>Storage costs are in sync with value of data
>Concentrate money and staff where it is needed
>Staff Productivity>Tiered Storage is the foundation for
> Information Lifecycle Mgmt (90% process/10% technology)
> Utility Computing
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In Summary
>Build a SAN if you don’t have one>Use technology that supports tiering>Tier your storage and applications>Set availability & service levels>Sit back, save money and increase
productivity
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Resources
Web>snia.org/education>storagenetworking.org>searchstorage.techtarget.com>google.com
Books>Building Storage Networks – Marc Farley>Resilient Storage Networks – Greg P.
Schulz