strategies for social inclusion role of social ......keo-12/ department for development policy...

12.02.2008 UN Commission for Social Development, 46th session1

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STRATEGIES FOR SOCIAL INCLUSION ROLE OF SOCIAL POLICY

Ronald WimanSenior Social Development Advisor Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Finland


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Contents

• Copenhagen messages• Conceptual perspectives• Can we learn something from the history (of

Finland) ?• Present EU perspectives on inclusion


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Copenhagen Social Summit 1995:the Broader Perspective

Fullproductive employment

Social integration(”Inclusion”)

Poverty reduction

•Equity•People-centered Development•”A Society for All"


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Copenhagen Declaration

• 4. We commit ourselves to promoting social integration by fostering societies that are stable, safe and just and that are based on the promotion and protection of all human rights, as well as on non-discrimination, tolerance, respect for diversity, equality of opportunity, solidarity, security, and participation of all people, including disadvantaged and vulnerable groups and persons.


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Plan of action

• The aim of social integration is to create "a society for all", in which every individual, each with rights and responsibilities, has an active role to play.Such an inclusive society must be based on respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms, cultural and religious diversity, social justice and the special needs of vulnerable and disadvantaged groups, democratic participation and the rule of law.


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Conceptual perspectives


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”Inclusion- that’s development”

• "As I walked back down the hill from that favela, I realized that this is what the challenge of development is all about – inclusion."

James Wolfensohn (1997)World Bank Annual Meeting,

Hong Kong, 1997

• http://www.worldbank.org/html/extdr/am97/jdw_sp/jwsp97e.htm


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SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT (1)

• DEVELOPMENT = widening of choices • "Development as freedom" (Amartya Sen, &

UNDP)• SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT=

equal opportunity for all to– benefit– contribute– participate

– and become stakeholders in development• The vision of “A Society for All”


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Social Development (2)

• Social development means for people– Security: Broader human security and risk

management– Opportunity: Human development (education,

health, employment etc.)– Inclusion (full participation)– Empowerment (“voice”)

“Freedom from fear and want” and freedom to develop


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Social Development (3)

• Social development = social sector development, only, but rather:

• WB: Transforming institutions to empower people– Transforming people from objects to agents of action– Access to rights and justice, markets, infra ( Includes

access to basic services and security)– Decent Work – Making institutions work for all (including the poor)– Social goals in all policies


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A Reformulation of Copenhagen

The goal of social development is A Society for All in which all people can participate in and benefit from development.

It implies that social institutions function adequately, that the private and public sector carry their social responsibility, and that everyone has equal access to basic services and security.


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THE PRACTICAL GOALS OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

• Functioning institutions: Security, healthy environment, good governance, Inclusion, participation, empowerment

• Access to basic services for ALL• Social and environmental responsibility by private

and public agencies• Community mobilization

Stakeholdership and ownership as instruments for more responsible consumption and production


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The Social Dimension of Sustainable DevelopmentFUNCTIONING INSTITUTIONS• Good governance & rule of law• Equality and non-discrimination• Security • Enabling environments

BASIC SERVICES AND SECURITY FOR ALL• Health• Education• Social security and services• Infrastructure

• Water and sanitation• Transport• Information

SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTALRFESPONSIBILITY

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT:-Freedom from insecurity and poverty- Equal opportunity- Human development- Inclusion

DfA –Design for All- Accessibility

HuIAHumanImpactAssessment

CSR-CorporateSocialResponsibility

The goal of social development is A Society for All in which all people can participate in and benefit from development. It implies that social institutions function adequately, that the private and public sector carry their

social responsibility, and that everyone has equal access to basic services and security.


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PUTTING PEOPLE AT THE CENTER OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

•


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SOCIAL POLICIES FOR INCLUSIONCan we learn something from the Finnish history?


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• Add a map of Finland here…

Case FINLAND:Growth Through Equity

& Social integration

through multi-stakeholder social contracts

(Timo Voipio)


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What can we learn from the Finnish History?

• ”Finland should tell to her partners”! • From an agrarian society, with great share of subsistence

agriculture, to a leading information society in about 60 years, i.e. in one “life time”

• How did Finland do it?

• Saasa & al (2003): Improving Effectiveness of Finnish Development Cooperation. Perspectives from the South. Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

• World Bank: World Development Report 2006 (e.g. WDR-2006)


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Famine1866-68


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FINLAND: Civil war 1918


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Land reform 1920s


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UNIVERSAL PUBLIC SCHOOLINGAll families interested in paying tax and to maintain quality of

public services= SOCIAL INTEGRATION


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Change of Economic Structure in Finland

Agric.

Ind

Serv.


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The Foci of Finland’s Social Protection

Old age 1935-70

Health 1930s-1960s-80s

Children 1920-70 incl. basic education

Housing 1950-80

Work and family 1965-95

Studies 1960-85

Unemployment 1960-85 Overindebtedness1990s

Immigration 1990s

1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 19901980 2000

Long-termUnempl.


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Lessons from Finnish History• Finland, despite of low levels of development at the turn

of the 20th century, • Civil War 1918 (one of them most devastating in Europe) • WW II, relocating > 10% of the population • Threath of a Communist take ower (1940s & 1970s)• Several serious economic shocks

– Was able to restructure the economy, ensure long term growth and climb to top levels by many indexes including of economic competitiveness.

• And combined growth and equity


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The State as the ”Social Broker”• Through corporatist labor market policies • State as a social broker between laborers and employers - and

the agrarian society– social services ( mother and baby clinics)– social security

– earnings based pensions ( benefit workers)– flat rate pensions (benefit the seklf-employed farming

population)– basic education for all ( equalizing class struggle: equal

opportunities, social mobility, cultural integration)

• State involvement in savings and investments for industrialization

• State support to NGOs (Grants and subcontracting as social service producers) and political parties (grants)


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Lessons from the History

http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/publications.htm


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Present EU Inclusion Strategies


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TOWARDS INCLUSIVE SOCIETIESFOR ALL


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Central Themes of Present EUInclujsion Strategies

• ”The strategic goal of social cohesion and an inclusive society is a shared value and practical political commitment for the future of Europe” (VI Round Table about poverty and social exclusion, 17 Dec 2007)

• Dignity and full participation• Opportunities for outsiders• Improves human and development potential of societies• Complexity calls for intengrated strategies• Involving relevant staeholders• Active inclusion through integration to labor market and quality services• Protection and empowerment


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Example 1: EU/Finland, Inclusion Strategies (2007)

• Promotion of social cohesion based on comprehensive social protection (and service) systems

• Economic, employment, social and education policies• People’s right to play active role in society• Active inclusion policies - including conditionalities • Breaking the cycle of exclusion• Prevention and early intervention• Corrective measures• Ensuring labor force to the societal service sectors


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Example 2: EU/Germany Inclusion Strategies

The general approach:

• equal opportunities for all• fair balance between solidarity and

individual responsibility


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EU/Germany 2007 Priorities

• Children and families• Immigrants• Access to training and labor markets• Gender perspective• Fighting discrimination of disabled people• Strengthening role of social services• Strengthen role of civil society• Improved governance


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• Wiman, R, Voipio, T, Ylönen, M (2007): Comprehensive Social Policies for Development in a Globalizing World. Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Finland <http://info.stakes.fi/ssd/EN/comprehensive/index.htm>

• World Bank (2005) Arusha Statement <http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSOCIALDEVELOPMENT/0,,contentMDK:20761071~pagePK:210058~piPK:210062~theSitePK:244363,00.html>

• Links to further reference material at <http://info.stakes.fi/ssd/EN/comprehensive/references.htm>


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Comprehensive Social Policies for Development in a Globalizing World

Wiman, Voipio & Ylönen (eds 2007)


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Contact DetailsRonald Wiman

Senior Social Development AdvisorKEO-12/ Department for Development Policy

Ministry for Foreign AffairsKatajanokanlaituri 3

P.O.Box 176; FIN-00161 Helsinki, FinlandTel: +358-9-1605559; GSM: +358-40-556 4812

e-mail: [email protected] and Development site:

http://info.stakes.fi/ssd/EN/index.htmGPDD- Site on Disability and Poverty Reduction:

http://info.stakes.fi/ssd/EN/disabilityandpoverty/index.htm

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