stress and the body
TRANSCRIPT
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Stress and the BodyCourtney Dowell, MPH, CHESThomas Nelson Community College
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Objectives
Describe the role of stress in diseaseDiscuss how stress can affect each of the body
systemsDiscuss various diseases associated with stressExplain the relationship between stress and the
immune response
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Section 1: Effects of Stress on the Body
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Systems of the Body
Nervous
Cardiovascular MuscularSkinGastrointestinal ImmuneEndocrine
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Impact of Stress on Cardiovascular System
Oxytocin and vasopressin constrict the walls of blood vessels
Vasopressin and aldosterone result in increased blood pressure
Heart increases force of contraction
Myocardial stunning – severe shock that can result in heart failure
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Systems of the Body
NervousCardiovascular
MuscularSkinGastrointestinal ImmuneEndocrine
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Impact of Stress on Muscular System
Persistent contraction of musclesCalled???
Smooth muscles also contractedResult?
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Systems of the Body
NervousCardiovascularMuscular
SkinGastrointestinal ImmuneEndocrine
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Impact of Stress on Integumentary System (Skin) Increases in perspiration/surface temperature falls
Premature agingProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences supports that chronic stress can shorten the lifespan of cells
Cells of subjects aged 9-17 years more
Indirect impacts can affect premature aging too
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Systems of the Body
NervousCardiovascularMuscularSkin
Gastrointestinal ImmuneEndocrine
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Impact of Stress on Gastrointestinal SystemSaliva reduced – dry mouth
Contractions (bracing) of esophagus make swallowing difficult
Hydrochloric acid increasesProtective mucus decreases
Peristalsis impactedDiarrhea or constipation
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Systems of the Body
NervousCardiovascularMuscularSkinGastrointestinal
ImmuneEndocrine
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Impacts of Stress on Immune System
Thymus, spleen and lymph nodes shrinkWhite blood cells decrease/disappear
Think about the functions of all those types of white blood cells
Measures of PerformanceT cell count - normalAIDS – T cell count
College students have lower immune function during exam periods
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Systems of the BodyNervousCardiovascularMuscularSkinGastrointestinal Immune
Endocrine
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Impacts of Stress on Endocrine System
Hormones trigger major changes in the body (homeostasis disrupted)
CortisolAdrenalineNoradrenaline
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Effects of Medium-Term StressMuscles Tension/PainHeadachesFatigueUpset StomachDifficulty SleepingBruxismCold or Sore Throat
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Effects of Long-Term StressHeart Immune SystemAging Inflammation
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Section 2: Stress & Disease
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Connection of Stress & DiseaseDemonstrated by release of hormones (during stress response)Body response that can protect us can also damage us
How we respond to stressorHealthy Unhealthy
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Impacts of StressDirect – physiological response
Increased blood pressureGrinding teethSuppressed immune function
Indirect – behaviors that result from stressSmokingAlcoholDrug abusePoor nutritionLack of sleep
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Stress & Disease
HypertensionCardiovascular DiseaseStrokeCancerUlcersHeadachesBruxismAutoimmune DiseasesOther
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References
Oplin, M. & Hesson, M. (2013). Stress management for life: A research-based experiential approach (third edition). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.
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