structural collapse technician training
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Structural Collapse Technician Training. Appendix A Search Capabilities. Jan09. TERMINAL OBJECTIVES. The student shall understand the capabilities of the US&R Task Force Search Team. The student shall be prepared to function as the Rescue Specialist member of a Search Team. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
SCT App A - 1
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Appendix A Search Capabilities
Jan09
SCT App A - 2
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
TERMINAL OBJECTIVES The student shall understand the
capabilities of the US&R Task Force Search Team.
The student shall be prepared to function as the Rescue Specialist member of a Search Team
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Structural Collapse Technician Training
ENABLING OBJECTIVES Discuss the Rapid Recon process Understand the advantages and
disadvantages of the various search methods and tools used by a US&R Task Force
Understand the basics of search strategy for the Detection and Location of Victims
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Structural Collapse Technician Training
INTRODUCTION Search & Rescue needs close interaction of
all Task Force elements Search starts early and continues to the end
of the incident Search consists of Detection and Location
Many tools and methods are availableSome are better at either Detection or Location –
Some do well at both Need to understand the advantages and
disadvantages of each tool
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Structural Collapse Technician Training
SEARCH STRATEGY & PRIORITIZATION
Search used in the past to prioritize a multi-building incident – too slow
Structure Triage – also too slow Intended to pre-prioritize bldgs for search teams
New Rapid Recon ProcessRecon Team, Followed by Search TeamsTime of incident vs. Occupancy may be critical
Prioritization may be done by others or by Task Force
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Structural Collapse Technician Training
Original RECON TEAM Search Team Manager Two Canine Search Specialists Technical Search Specialist Medical Specialist Structural Specialist Hazmat Specialist Two Rescue Specialists
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Structural Collapse Technician Training NEW, RAPID RECON – 3 Phases Assessment Team
Struct & Hazmat Spec + Tech Info Spec & Search Tm Mgr Quick Assessment of a few buildings at a time Initial prioritization
Victim Detection Team STM, 2 - K9 Teams, Tech Search, 2 - Rescue, Med Spec,
Struct Spec, Hazmat Spec Victim Detection & detailed Hazard Assessment
Victim Location Team STM, 2 – K9 Teams, Tech Search, 2 – Rescue, Med Spec,
possibly Struct & Hazmat Spec (from detection Team) Victim Location, Initial Treatment, & start rescue
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Structural Collapse Technician Training SEARCH TEAM EQUIPMENT
Electric hammer drills Electronic viewing equipment Electronic listening equipment Atmospheric monitoring equipment Marking materials Structure Evaluate equip
Distance, laser range finderHeight, clinometer Recording devices
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SEARCH TEAM EQUIPMENT Bull horn for hailing - air horn for signaling Medical pack Personal gear
WaterSafety equipmentCanine
Search & Recon equipment needs to be loaded in position to be unloaded among “First Off” items
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Structural Collapse Technician Training PHYSICAL VOID SEARCH
AdvantagesNo special equipment requiredPeople easily trained to support effort
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Structural Collapse Technician Training PHYSICAL VOID SEARCH Disadvantages
Limited access to voids May be dangerous Will not locate unconscious, weak, young
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Structural Collapse Technician Training AUDIBLE CALL-OUT Advantages
No special equipment requiredPeople easily trained to support effortSearchers can inform victim of responseCan be used with listening device
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Structural Collapse Technician Training AUDIBLE CALL-OUT Disadvantages
Will not locate unconscious, weak, youngSound of knocking may be too weak for
audible detection
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Structural Collapse Technician Training
VISUAL SEARCH DEVICESMostly used for location Flexible Fiberscopes Rigid Borescopes Video Search Cameras
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Structural Collapse Technician Training
FLEXIBLE FIBERSCOPES
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Structural Collapse Technician Training FLEXIBLE FIBERSCOPES
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Structural Collapse Technician Training
RIGID BORESCOPES
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FIBERSCOPES & BORESCOPES Advantages
Finds position & condition of victimUseful to verify other search tactics
just prior to starting rescue operationsUsed to monitor victim during rescue
DisadvantagesDifficult to use in extended holes due to
flexible cable, limited length of rigid scope, and limited light sources
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Structural Collapse Technician Training
SEARCH CAMERAS Video camera Video Cable Video display
CRT - olderLCD - newer
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Structural Collapse Technician Training
Original unit Pole mounted 1 3/4”
camera7” BW/CRT Mic/SpeakerBuilt-in light source
SEARCH CAMERAS SearchCam
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Newer UnitPower controlsArticulating headVariable LED lightTwo-way audioExtendable probe2- LED screen
portsInterchangeable
batteries
SEARCH CAMERAS SearchCam
SearchCam® 2000 Courtesy of Search Systems Incorporated
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Structural Collapse Technician Training SEARCH CAMERAS Zistos WalkAbout
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Dual Thermal Head
Thermal Video
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Manual articulation LED light head LED screen Rechargeable battery
Waterproof
Flexible Lower cost
SEARCH CAMERAS Snake-Eye
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Structural Collapse Technician Training SEARCH CAMERAS Advantages
Easily understood Possibility to record picture Useful to verify other search tactics just prior
to starting rescue operations Used to monitor victim during rescue
Disadvantages Size, cost, and power requirements Straight line of sight
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Structural Collapse Technician Training
INFRARED/THERMA IMAGING
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INFRARED/THERMAL IMAGING Advantages
Equipment often locally availableCan be used to survey large, open, dark
areas Disadvantages
Cannot detect heat difference through solidsSources other than human can be detected
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Structural Collapse Technician Training ELECTRONIC LISTENING DEVICES
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Structural Collapse Technician Training
Sensor Attachment
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ELECTRONIC LISTENING DEVICES Advantages
Able to cover large area as a DetectorCan triangulate on victim positionCapable of picking up faint
noise/vibrationUsed in conjunction w/other search tools
to verify find
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ELECTRONIC LISTENING DEVICES Disadvantages
Unconscious victims not detectedAmbient nose level may need to be
loweredVictim needs to create noise patternLimited range (acoustic=25ft,
seismic=75ft)Can be used to locate victims, but may
be relatively slow
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ELECTRONIC LISTENING DEVICES All Task Forces have these devices Listen to acoustic or seismic vibration Normally deploy two or more sensors Hailing device used to get victim response Can Detect if live victim is in structure
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ELECTRONIC LISTENING DEVICES May Locate proper layer in pancake collapse Takes time to Locate victims - move sensors Compared signals only good if sensors are
matched and anchored in similar materials Sensors best in solid/dense materials
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ELECTRONIC LISTENING DEVICES Can use two sensors to Locate victims
by keeping strong signal in place and moving other in circle.
More difficult to Locate victim in collapsed structures containing different materials w/different degrees of fracture
Second operator should be used to confirm
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CANINE SEARCHWest Coast,Undisciplined, Document Shredding Type
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K9 can be used in physical search, but are mostly used for their noses not to stand on their Tippy-toses’es
CANINE SEARCH
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Structural Collapse Technician Training CANINE BASICS Dogs use keen sense of smell to differentiate
scent find marijuana in gas tank
Can be trained to detect/indicate the difference between live victim, dead, food, other animals
Essential to deploy only well trained canineK9 needs to have been trained to work in the
collapsed structure environment. K9 normally Detect and Locate victims
simultaneouslyDetection may require Interpretation by a well trained
Handler
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Structural Collapse Technician Training DISASTER CANINE TRAINING
Requires special training beyond Normal SAR K9Alert system - Bark
& DigAgilityDirection & controlCollapsed
structure environment
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Structural Collapse Technician Training DISASTER CANINE TRAINING
Requires at least 2 years to Train a Disaster Dog200+ FEMA Certified
K9Need min of 4 K9
per TF x 3Total for 28 TFs =336
Many TF have adequate numbers of K9
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CANINE SEARCH STRATEGY Search Mgr, Tech Search Spec, and
Canine Spec survey site to determine overall strategy
Need to consider:Time of day & temperatureType & direction of windSize of search area & type of collapse
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CANINE SEARCH STRATEGY Site normally divided into small sectors Trained to bark & dig at scent source Search Mgr needs to draw crude map to
record location of finds, etc
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CANINE SEARCH TACTICS From safe zone, 1st Canine Search Team
deploys to free search sector If no alerts, directs canine in fine grid
search Search Mgr & 2nd Canine Search Team
observe from different vantage points If 1st Canine Search Team has alerts or
not, 2nd Canine Search Team will repeat & verify 1st team’s results
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Structural Collapse Technician Training CANINE SEARCH TACTICS (continued)
Alert is marked only after confirmation by a 2nd team.
Remaining sectors are searched & marked until entire are is covered.
Scent channels around solid slabs, etc & canine will indicate where scent is emerging, not necessarily where victim is precisely located.
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Structural Collapse Technician Training CANINE SEARCH TACTICS (cont.) Scent tends to raise evenly through broken
rubble & lighter structures Continued re-searching of structure as it is
accessed/uncovered will give best results
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WORKING CONDITIONS Best:
Dawn, duskCool weatherLight windsStable rubbleLight rain
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Structural Collapse Technician Training Sometimes Conditions Are NOT going to be Good
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WORKING CONDITIONS Difficult
Hot weather (above 90F)Mid-day with temps above 80FStrong wind and no windSnow/ice made slippery footing/hides
surfacesFirefighting foam & other chemicals
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Structural Collapse Technician Training CANINE PROS Advantages:
Search large area in shortest timeCan gain access to hidden areasCan work in dangerous areasCan detect unconscious victims
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CANINE CONS Disadvantages:
Rest periodsUse of two to confirmPerformance may
varyUncertified to certifiedBasic to advancedHandler to handler
Scarce resource
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ELECTRONIC & CANINE SEARCH COMBINATION Mexico City 1985 Quake had success
using crude electronics with K9. Most common combo is to use
electronics to Detect and K9 to Locate. In large pancake concrete collapse,
electronic may be able to indicate which level contains victim, canine to pinpoint on that level.
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Structural Collapse Technician Training ELECTRONIC & CANINE SEARCH COMBINATION (continued) During hot daytime canine do not work well &
electronic may be able to direct canine to proper sector, etc.
For badly broken structures, canine may be most effective for initial search.
For structures w/large concrete slabs or steel structures, electronics may be most effective.
If both search tools are available they should be used to confirm each other.
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Structural Collapse Technician Training WORK SITE PRIORITIZATION
Search tactics will be determined only after assignment is known.
Type of initial search (canine, electronic, call-out, other) will then be determined:Electronic search is slower but may be
more effective than othersCanine can cover large areas but need
verification & adequate scentCall-out may be most positive
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WORK SITE PRIORITIZATION In some cases, physical, canine, &
electronic search may be conducted in the same, large structure
Once general area of trapped victims is determined, fiber-optics or video camera viewing may be used: Determine exact position & condition.Cameras may be used for initial victim
Location by cutting grid of holes thru conc. or wood floor
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SUMMARY The Search Task may require the Detection and
Location of many victims. Proper use of all available search tools will
enable the most favorable outcome. The Task Force will be assigned to the most
difficult & time consuming structures. The search function must be able to Detect and
Locate viable victims before committing the TF to a prolonged rescue effort.
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SUMMARY (continued) All need to understand the limitations &
advantages of each search tool. Interaction between hazard assessment
and search deployment must be close & efficient.
Assessments should be performed thru-out operations since aftershocks & debris/structure removal can expose new hazards & new search opportunities.
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K-9 DEMONSTRATION
Training Alert at Demolished Stadium
Site
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Overall Site View
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Structural Collapse Technician Training K-9 is deliberately directed to work in structure above victim K-9 Finds Scent
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Structural Collapse Technician Training After finding scent, K-9 goes in opposite direction to more safely get to victim
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K-9 now carefully moving in
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Structural Collapse Technician Training K-9 attempting to penetrate into victim location
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Now Video will illustrate
Live Victim Find in Real Time
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