structure and function of cells
DESCRIPTION
Ch4 p 69. Structure and Function of Cells. History. Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant. History. Anton von Leeuwenhoek – 1673 – Simple Microscopes Basically a hand lens Looked at water, poop, muscle tissue, bacteria. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF
CELLS
Ch4 p 69
![Page 2: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells
First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe
the boxes he saw in cork, a plant
![Page 3: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
History Anton von Leeuwenhoek – 1673 – Simple
MicroscopesBasically a hand lensLooked at water, poop, muscle tissue, bacteria
![Page 4: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
History leads to CELL THEORY
Matthias Schleiden – 1838 – All plants are made of cells
Theodor Schwann – 1839 – All animals are made of cells
All Combine to form the CELL THEORY:
1. All living things are made of one or more cells
2. Cells are the basic unit building block of organisms
3. Cells only come from other cells
![Page 5: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cells are different Can be big, little, flat, round
A nerve cell can be 2 meters long!
![Page 6: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cells CAN NOT be that big
Size is limited by its Surface Area to VolumeSurface area is the amount of wrapping paper you need
to cover a presentVolume is how much stuff is inside
![Page 8: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
TWO MAIN TYPES OF CELLS
PROKARYOTIC: pro= ‘pre’ Has NO nucleusHas NO organellesSmaller
EUKARYOTIC:Has a nucleusHas organellesLargerComplex
![Page 9: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Prokaryotic Cell
![Page 10: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Organelles that we care about: Nuclear envelope Ribosome Flagella Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi DNA Lysosomes Centrioles Cell wall
Vacuole Cell membrane Chloroplast Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Nucleolus Cytoplasm
![Page 14: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts
1. NucleusControl centerSurrounded by nuclear membrane
○ Nuclear Pore – a door to let information out of the nucleusContains DNA
○ DNA is also known as chromosomes or chromatin○ Is the actual directions for building the cell and the
organism○ Codes for (instructions) PROTEINS
Nucleolus○ Where ribosomes are made
![Page 16: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts
2. MitochondriaChanges your food into energy called ATP‘MIGHTY MITOCHONDRIA’Where respiration takes place
3. RibosomesRRR = Ribosomes READ RNA and make Proteins
○ They help direct how to make a proteinCan be attached to the ER or floating in the cytoplasm
![Page 17: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts
4. Endoplasmic ReticulumCan be smooth – no ribosomes connectedOr rough – ribosomes stuck on itWhere chemicals and proteins are made and wrapped
in a membrane – MAKES THINGSLooks like a warm lava lamp
5. Golgi ApparatusFixes proteins to be sent out of the cellGOLGI = FEDEX
![Page 18: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts
6. LysosomesBreak down old cell partsBreak down food
7. CytoskeletonMade of:
○ Microfilaments ○ Microtubules
Sticks that provide supportHelp move parts around the cell, like roadsBecome SPINDLE FIBERS for cell division
![Page 19: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts
8. Cilia or FlagellaHair like organelles MOVEMENT
9. CentriolesHelps direct cell division
10. Cell MembraneSEMIPERMEABLE – ‘picky’
○ Selectively permeablePhospholipid Bilayer
![Page 20: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CELL MEMBRANE10. Cell Membrane
SEMIPERMEABLE – ‘picky’○ Selectively
permeablePhospholipid Bilayer
○ Hydrophobic tail○ Hydrophilic head
![Page 21: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ORGANELLES = Plant Cell Parts
11. VacuoleHolds water, and mineralsLargest part of the plant cell
12. Cell WallStructure of the plant
13. ChloroplastPHOTOSYNTHESISUses sunlight and carbon dioxide to make glucose
![Page 23: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Structure and Function of Cells](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56813aef550346895da36433/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)