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World Music

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Fact Sheet

Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 1

1 What is World Music?

If you’re wondering just what in the world is World Music, don’t worry or stress - it’s not a mystery, it’s just a term we use. World Music or global music, is music from all over the planet, right? Well, you would be correct, except it usually doesn’t include any music that would fit on a regular Top 40 pop chart.The term “World Music” was coined by an e_______________ named Robert Brown. He developed college

programs of study about World Music, and organized a concert series with visiting performers from Africa and

Asia. In 1982, France initiated World Music Day (“Fête de la Musique”) which would continue on June 21st of

every year to the present day. But it didn’t really take off until June 29, 1987, when a group of _________

________ ___________ got together. They were meeting because they were trying to deal with the unexpected

surge in non-English language recordings. These label execs were having a difficult time finding rack space in

their stores for new releases from Latin American, Asian, African, and other international artists. They needed

to develop a catchy generic, “umbrella” name for this music, and launch a marketing campaign. With a show

African vocal group, Ladysmith Black Mambaso

of hands, World Music was officially born as a genre, and

October 1987 was designated “World Music Month!”

Paul Simon had released the album G__________ in

1986 which was a huge success and featured artists

from southern Africa, including L________ B_____

M___________. Partly as a result of this success and the

work of Peter Gabriel and Johnny Clegg among others,

more and more world artists were venturing into the

spotlight of the music business. Support for the best performers came from their labels, the new “World Music”

distribution category, DJs providing airplay, compilation cassettes, festival organizations like ________ (W_____

of M_____, A____, and D______, founded by Peter Gabriel), and fans from their native countries and the world

stage.

What exactly is World Music, then? Well, to most people, it’s just plain music---that is, the familiar, everyday

music that they hear in their neighborhoods and places like local restaurants. The term World Music covers an

amazing variety of sounds and styles. Some of it is “________” music that incorporates sounds of traditional

instruments, and some is more “_____________”. Some may also incorporate scales that are non-Western,

using unusual tunings. Some World Music is simply V_______ music, some solely I_______________.

Other types of World Music have a cutting-edge “pop” sound, sometimes using contemporary instruments such

as keyboards and guitars. A famous African world musician,Youssou N’Dour once said that “instruments don’t

have a nationality, only musicians...” Because some instruments are traditional in certain cultures, when

they are used in combination with modern instruments in contemporary genres, the style is considered to be

“_________.” It is this crossover music that has become especially popular in England and America. Some of

the labels refer to this influence of Latin, African, Celtic, hip hop, pop, jazz, and reggae, among many other

beats and styles as “World Beat,” and they display the music separately from World Music.


fun sheet

Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fun Sheet 1

1 What is World Music?

Clues1 The famous album that Ladysmith Black Mambazo sang with Paul Simon.2 A worldwide festival organization3 Around the world4 World music is sometimes called traditional or _________ music.5 One type of event that helps to promote World Music6 Music that uses combinations of traditional and modern instruments and styles7 The founder of World of Music, Arts, and Dance8 A group that worked with Paul Simon on Graceland9 An artist who helped to promote World Music10 A type or style of music

12

World Music Puzzler Unscramble each of the clue words.Copy the letters in the numbered cells to other cells with the same number.

1 LEGCAANRD

2 MOWDA

3 LOBGAL

4 HITCEN

5 SITSEAFVL

6 CEROSOSROV

7 REPTE GEBAILR

8 SAUAVK

9 NYNHOJ GCLEG

10 NRGEE

5 6

14

2 15

17 8

10 13

9

16 7

3 1

4

11

What do you call someone who makes a career of studying music from other cultures?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17


Fact Sheet2 African Music


Have you ever seen the movie or the musical called “The Lion King”?African Music had a significant impact on the creation of the film and Musical “The Lion King” which is a blend of traditional African tribal music together with Western modern culture. Songs such as “The Circle Of Life” and “He lives in You” are a mixture of the South Africian Zulu language with English lyrics.

Africa is the _________ largest, and the second most populated continent on

our planet. It has a population of over ___________, contains ____ countries,

is home to the world’s largest ______________ and more than __________

languages are spoken throughout the whole continent. To give you an idea about

how important music and dance are in Africa, most languages there don’t even

have separate words for music or dance. The arts are part of the way all people

express themselves every day .

Music and Culture in Africa has been passed down from generation to

generation. Playing drums made from ____________________________ (now

known as drum language or drum talk ) was a language that was used to

communicate with each other over long distances. So there is no suprise that

language and music generally have very close connections in many African

cultures.

Today, Drum Talk may be used as part of ceremonies which include dance and

story telling and use drums such as ______ _______ for these purposes.

Besides using the voice, African musical instruments include a wide range

of drums, rattles, double bells as well as melodic instruments like string

instruments, (musical bows, different types of harps and harp-like instruments such

as the _______ as well as fiddles), many types of xylophone and lamellophone like the

_____________ (also known as the thumb piano), and different types of wind instruments

like flutes and trumpets.

Drums used in African traditional music

include __________ _______s and

___________ in West Africa, W_______ Drums

in Central and West Africa, and different types

of N________ Drums (or engoma) in Central

and Southern Africa, and the ____________

(two small maracas).

There are also lots of other types of drums, flutes, stringed instruments,

and wind instruments used throughout the whole of Africa. Infact, many

modern instruments, such as flute, double reed, trumpet-type horns, stringed

instruments and percussion of all kinds can trace their roots back to Africa.


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2 African Music

Clues ACROSS3 Another name for ngoma drums4 A _________ drum is played with a crook shaped stick6 African name for a thumb piano7 ______ gong can also be called a log drum.10 Africa is home to the worlds largest _________11 The most well-known West African drum DOWN1 Family of instruments2 ______ drums come from Central and Southern Africa5 Harp like instrument8 There are over ________ different languages spoken in Africa9 Woodwind instrument with roots in Africa

Crossword

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Fact Sheet3 Indonesian Gamelan


Indonesia has a long and rich history of music which can be traced back to the third century. It is a mix of

Indian, Arabian and Asian styles and uses many different types of instruments which gives it its unique sound

which can be very foreign sounding to Western ears. Because the nation is made up of over 17,000 islands,

there are _________ of different styles of music, but the most important and popular World Music style to

come out of Indonesia is called G_________. There are several styles which come from different Indonesian

Islands, but the most common styles are from J____ and it’s neighboring island of B___.

In indonesian, the word gamelan means ‘to ___ or _______’ and is an ensemble of approximately fifteen

mostly metallic percussion instruments with gong or “bell”

like sounds. It is an integral part of any important Indonesian

ritual or ceremony such as weddings, birthdays and funerals,

meditation, cleansing rituals and social community events. It

is also the music which accompanies the traditional form of

puppet theatre in Indonesia called W_____________.

The instruments of the gamelan are built and tuned to a specific scale and each gamelan set only plays in ____

scale. Each gamelan has an individual and authentic sound to it and is tuned to either a five note scale called

_________ or a seven note scale called a ________.

In the middle of the ensemble are the main melody instruments which are called the ___________. This section

of the ensemble includes bronze metallphones called ______ and ___________.

The balungan(main melody) is punctuated by the larger gongs called the ________ _______ and ________

The horizontally-mounted gongs are called the kenong, kethuk and kempyang at the back of the gamelan.

The front section of the ensemble embellish the main melody and includes instruments such as the _______ (a

collection of small gongs mounted on a frame), and ____________ (multi octave metallophone).

The whole gamelan is co-ordinated by the drummer in the centre of the ensemble, playing a selection of

______________ (double-headed drums).

Gamelan music is often ___________ or _________ in nature which means the same rhythms and melodies are

often used over again and again and are indicated by the strikes of the gong. Some people believe that the

Gamelan can lead the mind into a deep trance and help with meditation.

When the famous composer Claude D_________ first heard Gamelan music at a world fair in 1889, he spent

hours listening to it, transcribing melodies and examining the instruments and their tunings. After he heard this

style of music, he used a whole tone scale for the first time and used this idea in his own compositions from

this time on.


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ACROSS6 A large gong7 Indonesian word for the melody instruments in the Gamelan8 A famous composer influenced by the Gamelan9 Indonesian word for a xylophone11 Indonesian word for a traditional form of puppet theatre DOWN1 Each set of gamelan plays only one ________2 A bamboo flute in Indonesian3 The most popular form of traditional music from Indonesia4 An island in Indonesia, and famous tourist destination5 A type of stringed fiddle6 An Indonesian word for double-headed drums10 A collection of small gongs mounted on a frame

Draw a line between the picture of each of the instruments of the gamelan on the left and its name to the right:

3 Indonesian Gamelan

Crossword

Kempul

Saron

Slenthem

Kenong

Kendhang

A W K C J P X U O O R J E A KK N H E W O K W R L A C I D RR B G J C E G E T V Y S T V ON A Z K L A H N A L E M A G NI L T E L T K R U N L H S Z CL I L I I U F N O F L U T E OO E R Z U K N D E Y T I J S NI P K J K G N G P N Z Y Y W GV E V G G I G K M U R D P K IX Y L O P H O N E N J B C N QP R I V Q Y S M G J U D I K BP R S H O X Y C Q N H A N C FQ R S J P W Y H Y S O K K I MJ X B A T B Y N E A M G W M K

ANGKLUNG JAVABALI KECAKDRUM

KRONCONGFLUTE UKELELEGAMELAN VIOLIN

GONG XYLOPHONEGUITAR ZITHER

Find a WordMatching

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Fact Sheet4 Chinese Music


China is huge and ancient. It is the ________ biggest country in the world and is approximately nine million kilometers in size. Its civilization is at least 4,000 years old. Just like it would take more than a lifetime to explore every nook and cranny of China’s cities and countryside, it would take an eternity to hear every musical piece and style from its rich culture.

There are over 100 musical instruments from China. Here are some examples:

____________ a woodwind folk instrument originally from the north of China. Similar to

an ________, it has a double reed and a long body. At the end is a large bell opening, just

like that of a trumpet.

____________ This is a folk instrument that originated in eastern China at least 1000

years ago, and is a bowed instrument with two strings. It is also referred to as the

“_________ _________” or “fiddle”. Unlike a violin however, the musician holds the base

of the instrument up on her thigh.

___________ (called “luo” in Chinese) – These originated in the

southern part of China, an area that traditionally combined folk musical

instruments with dance. For example, the dragon dance, accompanied

by these instruments along with drums and cymbals came from this part

of the country. At least 30 types of them have been developed in China.

______________ This is a classical instrument at

least 3,000 years old. It is a seven string instrument

that is plucked as it lies across the player’s lap.

__________ is referred to as the “Chinese _____”. This classical instrument is 2,000

years old and was also originally played by the elite and educated. The wooden body of

the instrument is pear-shaped, has four strings and anywhere from 12 to 26 frets. The

player holds it diagonally across his torso as he plucks the strings.

In the 1920s, the genre of Shidaiqu arose. It was a fusion of jazz from the West and

folk music from China. Shidaiqu was considered the most popular style of music in the

country from the 20s until the end of the 40s.

_____ ___________ became the leader of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. During his reign Popular music

was _____________. It, along with folk music, was denounced and replaced with revolutionary songs that were

often played with large-scale orchestras. Since Mao’s death in 1979, pop, rap, rock, metal and other forms of

modern music have slowly evolved and traditional music has been revived.


fun sheet


Chinese CharactersTry writing the names of each instrument in Chinese characters three times. (The name in English alphabet letters is written in pinyin to demonstrate how the characters are pronounced).

Erhu

________ ________ ________

Sheng

________ ________ ________

Guqin

________ ________ ________

Pipa

________ ________ ________

Chinese ProverbFill in the missing letters to read the complete Chinese proverb. Use the clues that include cardinal directions to determine some letters and guess the most probable for the other gaps. North means going up a column and south means going down. East means going right along a row and west means going left.

4 Chinese Music

T S E W H H AO T H E M S IH N T E

D A E R A

C south of A and west of a black square N east of A and north of nothing

K east of N and north of E E north of I

T west of H and north of D O north of T and west of S

M west of A and south of E U east of M and west of S

H east of T and north of O S south of T and west of a black square

D south of black square, west of black square, north of nothing


Fact Sheet5 Indian Music


When you think of India, usually the Taj Mahal, women with red dots on their foreheads and really spicy food come to mind. But one of the most distinctive characteristics of India is its music. Indian music has been a cultural icon for centuries, from as early as the dark ages and remains so to this day.

During the _______ ________ which began in 1526, the continent of India was ruled by kings and monarchy. The

tradition of playing music in courtyards to entertain royalty became very popular. Indian music tends to go on

for a ______ ________, so while the royal families would sit for hours eating and relaxing, the music would play

on. Since then, the basic sound of traditional Indian music has not changed.

Some of the key instruments used in Indian music include:

The S_________. This is the most famous Indian instrument known to western countries.

The instrument is made of hollow wood with a long neck. There are in total between __

and __ strings, but only __ or __

are playable, as the others are below the frets. The others vibrate when the instrument

is played to give it a distinctive sound.

Unlike the guitar which has only one, there are ___ bridges on the instrument, creating

two sets of tones simultaneously giving it a unique and interesting sound.To play it, you

sit cross-legged on the floor, overlap your right leg and support the instrument as you

play it. Learning this instrument can be pretty challenging since traditional sheet

music is not used.

The T______ are a pair of hand drums with contrasting sizes and timbres and

made of wood, metal or leather. The player tunes the tabla to _____________ by

tightening the straps with cylindrical wooden blocks.

The B_________ is a hollow bamboo flute with six finger holes and one blow hole. Controlling your breath is

the way to master playing this instrument, it’s almost like imitating your voice through your breath.

The S___________ is a double-reed instrument which has a sound very similar to an oboe, but with a much

higher pitch. It is made of wood with a metal flared bell on the end.

Indian people use a system called a R________ to play their music. Each one has a name and usually a special

time of the day or of the season when it is best played, depending on the mood it projects.

Indian music and culture has influenced many Rock and contemporary artists, who incorporated elements of

Indian music in their songs. One such band is the ___________ who were the first big pop group to use it. Indian

music is highlighted in their songs like “L___ Y__ T_” (1966) and “W______ Y__, W_____ Y__” (1967).


fun sheet


5 Indian Music

Unscramble the names of these Indian instruments, then draw a line to match the names to their pictures below:

BATAL TASIRSABNIRUNAHSHEI

2 Indian hand drums4 Guitar like instrument with 21 to 23 strings5 Time when India was ruled by kings and monarchy6 A famous Indian building7 A band who incorporated the sitar in some songs9 Famous Indian sitar player10 Double reed instrument with flared bell

DOWN1 Bamboo flute used in Indian music3 Famous Indian tabla player8 System of playing Indian music

Crossword

Name matching

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2 3

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Fact Sheet6 Irish Music


For many people Irish music was a relatively unknown type of music until 1981 when a musical called “Riverdance” became a phenomenon and brought new light to the style.

What makes Irish music so unique? The old world style instruments that are quick-paced and move so fast you can barely tell if there are two or ten playing.

Here are the instruments most commonly used by Irish musicians:

____________ Traditional, hand-held keyboard instrument that is played with the pressure of pushing keys while squeezing the bellows.

____________ This five, and sometimes four or six-string instrument has the signature flat, drum-like back and long neck, and is played using a pick and in a fast plucking style.

_________________ Until the 1960s, this was uniquely a Greek instrument. However, when a newer version was developed with a flat back and wider body, a design that was unique to Irish music was born. Its strings are played in a fast motion but in the same way as a guitar or mandolin.

______________ This open, framed drum can be anywhere from 10” to 26” in diameter and is held vertically in the players lap. Its surface is made of goatskin, which needs to be tuned as the weather changes. The player keeps her hand inside the back of it to control the drum’s pitch.

____________ A smaller version of the violin, this is an instrument commonly used in Irish and European music. Usually played very fast, it requires intense concentration and coordination.

____________ Most Irish music includes this instrument, usually a smaller version that sits on the knee. Their frames are made of ash, cherry, mahogany, maple or walnut wood. Traditional ones used strings

made of wires, which created a signature bell sound. Modern instriuments usually use nylon or gut strings. Gut strings are made of the natural fibers that come from animal intestines.

________________ Much like the Scottish instrument, the irish version uses bellows to pump air into the bag and has several more enhancements. The canter, a simple flute-like extension that has keys played by the musician; several drones which are pipes designed to output continuous low tones; and regulators – extra pipes that can play chords.

___________ are heard in almost all Irish tunes, but usually the old-style flute made of a single piece of wood with some holes is the preferred kind.

____ ____________ are a very simple version of flutes and are made with a single tin pipe with six holes and a mouthpiece. The sound they make is a lot rougher than the sound made by a flute.

The acoustic _________ can be heard in a lot of Irish music but usually in the background filling out the chords with fast strumming patterns.


fun sheet


6 Irish Music

Irish Music Crossword ACROSS

2 The instrument with 6 strings used mainly to fill in the background and chords

5 What part of the animal does a gut string come from?

7 Music group ‘The Corrs’ are all related to each other.. how? they are __________

9 Most irish b________ have specific meaning behind them

12 Players place their hand inside the drum to control its __________

13 From the name of an instrument, this word means ‘elbow’ in Irish Gaelic

15 The name of the extra pipes that play chords on a uillean pipe

16 Traditional Irish song: God Save ___________

17 Irish music gained mainstream popularity after this performance

18 The fiddle is played in many ___________ countries

DOWN

1 Bouzouki’s strings are played like a guitar or a _________

3 The harp version used in Irish tunes is played by resting on the _________

4 A smaller version of an accordion

6 The main difference between a fiddle and a violin is that the fiddle is _________

8 Before it was adapted, it was Greek

9 This instrument has a flat, drum like back and a long neck.

10 What nickname can be given to the Accordion?

11 The part of the body that primarily moves during traditional Irish dance

14 The bodhrán’s surface is made of this 1

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Fact Sheet7 Turkish Music


When you look at Turkey on a world map, it looks like a bridge holding the Eastern and Western countries together. This is certainly reflected in its music today. Turkey’s music is a real mix of Western and Eastern culture and its roots come from very rich traditions which have spanned back for over three thousand years.

Some of the traditional stringed instruments in Turkey include the

____________ (played like a guitar), which can be called ____. While it

might look like a guitar its sound and method of playing is very different, as it

has a completely different tuning scale to that used in Western music.

Bowed Instruments from Turkey include the

______________. This is a small violin like

instrument, that is played in an upright position like a

cello. If sitting it is played resting on the knee, and if

standing it is held infront of the player, like a clarinet.

Wind instruments include ________, which is an end blown flute that is featured

prominently in a lot of Middle Eastern music. Made from cane or reed, it is one of

the oldest musicial instruments still in use, dating back 4000-5000 years.

Another common wind instrument is ________, which is similar to an oboe.

Percussion instruments in include

the _________ (bass drum),

_________ (a goblet shaped drum), ____(tambourine)

and ________(wooden spoons).

Most Turkish music uses a rhythm structure known as _________. This is what westerners would refer to as “complex

time signatures” such as 5/8, 7/8 and 9/8. Most western and modern pop/rock is in standard time signatures such as

4/4, so at first Turkish music may seem difficult, but once the ear is used to it the rhythm is felt as easily as 4/4 time.

Turkish music is built on scale like structures called a ___________. These are types of scales which produce

different desired effects such as cheerfulness, power, sensitivity and honesty to the music. It is believed that music in

Turkey has healing powers.

Great Classical composers such as Haydn and Mozart were fascinated with Turkish music back in the eighteenth century.

Haydn wrote his “Military Symphony” to include Turkish instruments and Mozart played tribute to Turkish music in his

Sonata in A major with his famous “Ronda Alla Turca”. In the 1960s the jazz musician Dave Brubeck wrote his “Blue

Rondo á la Turk” as a tribute to Mozart and Turkish music. Turkish influence introduced the cymbals, bass drum and

bells into the symphony orchestra, where they still remain.


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7 Turkish Music

Featured Words TURKEY 12 11 18 19 20 27

BAGLAMA _______________________

KEMENCHE ______________________

ZURNA _________________________

KAVAL __________________________

SIPSI ___________________________

MEY ___________________________

AKASK _________________________

NAGARA _______________________

TEF___________________________

KASIK _________________________

DAVUL ________________________

2 Wandering Turkish InstrumentsFind the names of the Turkish instruments in this letter grid. When moving from letter to letter, you may move in any direction (even diagonally), but the squares must be touching and you may not use a letter more than once in a single word. Write the list of numbers for each word to show the path you took.

1 2

10

3 4 5

20

30

40

49

6 7

8 9 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 31 32 33 34 35

36 37 38 39 41 42

43 44 45 46 47 48

Z U V A D S A

L R N U T K K

A V A R K E A

K E A B A Y M

A M E K G L A

S I S N F A N

K P I C H E T

1 Find Turkey Look up Turkey in an atlas and colour the location of turkey on this map


Fact Sheet8 European Folk Music

Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 8 - page 1

______ music is the traditional style of song of the common people. It is not the music of

Emperors or Kings and Queens, but it is the music of the average ”Joe”. At some point in the song’s history, it may

have been sung or played at weddings or other occasions, to children, among workers doing manual labour or on ship

journeys. Usually the original composers of these tunes are not known and the song has been passed down through

many generations, and are symbolic of a people’s ____________.

Europe is made up of a slew of countries and ethnicities. Within each culture

lies an array of musical folklore, so just imagine that you’re taking a tour of

Europe as you read about these main cultures and countries outlined.

When you hear the term ___________ music, you may already know that these refer to the folk songs of Ireland

and Scotland. But this musical style is actually a lot bigger than just those two countries. It also extends to Wales,

Cornwall (in southwest England), the Isle of Man, Brittany (in northwest France) and Galicia (in northwest Spain).

Although each region has its own distinctive style, instruments such as the b_________, the wooden f______, the

f_______, the t__ w_______ and the p_______ a___________ are all common instruments in this style.

Now let’s travel to an area that crosses the France-Spain border. One unique tradition of B________ music is called

“bertsolaritza”, where singers make up words on the spot to folk tunes.

We continue our journey eastward, to the Alps. In the mountainous region of Germany, Switzerland, Austria and

northern Italy exists A_______ folk music. Folk music in this region is characterized by a style of singing called

y____________ and instruments such as the a__________, h___________, strings and the ____________, which is a six-

metre long wooden horn.

Now we voyage to the southeast of Europe to the region of Romania, Slovenia, Croatia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia &

Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania, and Greece. These countries share a B__________ Folk Music tradition

where Turkey and Hungary are also sometimes included. The folk style is a fusion of Middle Eastern, Eastern European

and Gypsy music.

Resuming our trip to the eastern-most portion of Europe, we explore countries such as Georgia, Azerbaijan, Ukraine,

Moldavia, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. This is refered to as ________ European Folk Music and also tends to

include Hungary, Turkey and sometimes the Balkan region.

Finally let’s travel north to Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway and Iceland and experience _________

Folk Music. Here you’ll find a style of dancing called the “polska” (not to be confused with polka) and “circle”

folk dances.


Fact Sheet8 European Folk Music

Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 8 - page 2

Here are some common Instrument families that commonly occur in European folk music:

_______________are multi-stringed instruments that usually lie across the musician’s

lap. They are played as part of Slovenian, Austrian, Hungarian, Croatian, Estonian,

Hungarian, southern German and Austrian folk music. In some of these countries the

dulcimer, a three or four-stringed zither, is played.

Most European folk music incorporates other stringed instruments such as the v________

or f________.

________ are stringed instruments with necks and pear-shaped bodies.

Musicians play lutes through plucking the strings. A long-necked lute

called a bouzouki is played in Greece and Ireland; in Albania it is called a

buzuk. Another long-necked lute called the tamburica is played in Austria

and Croatia. In Bosnia and Serbia, another long-neck called sargija is

played and a higher-pitched lute called the mandolin is played in Spain,

Italy, Lithuania and other countries.

__________ are a major component of Celtic music in Brittany, Cornwall, Ireland and Scotland and also in Austria

and Norway. Other folk stringed instruments include the _________ in Holland, Spain, Portugal, Lithuania and other

countries; the ______-_________ in Brittany, Sweden and Hungary, which is an instrument played by cranking a rosined

wheel against the strings; the _____________, a one-stringed instrument played in Bosnia, Montenegro, Croatia and

Serbia; and many, many…many more.

______________ are not just a part of Celtic folk music. Different shapes and sounds characterize them all around

Europe. The “gaida” form is played in Bulgaria, the “doedelzak” in Holland, the Northumbrian smallpipe in England,

the “dankiyo” in Greece, the koziol in Poland, the “sackpipa” in Sweden and the “bodega” in France. They are also

played as part of Hungarian, Bosnian, Czech and Estonian folk music.

W______________ abound in European folk music. The c____________ is especially

important in Balkan, Basque and Gypsy music. A variety of f_________ are played across

the continent, from the koncovka in Slovakia, a wooden flute without finger holes, to the

three-holed pipe, called the xirula, played in the Basque region.

Accordions are played as part of northern, southern, eastern and western European folk

music. Also a diatonic button accordion called a trikitixa is played in the Basque region.

Concerntinas are smaller instruments which are similar to accordions and are also used in

European Folk Music.


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8 European Folk Music

EXAMPLE: Folk music of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Brittany.

C E L T I C

A six-metre long wooden horn played in the Alps.

The traditional songs of the com-mon people are called ______ songs.

An area that crosses the France-spain border

A long-necked lute played in Albania.

Crack the CodeCrack the code by first solving clues based on what you learned in the fact sheet. Once you start determining the letters that match the symbols, you can solve harder clues.

A stringed instrument played lying across the musicians lap

A type of stringed instrument

This woodwind instrument appears a lot in European folk music

Another name for a violin

A one-stringed instrument played in Bosnia:

,

,

What is the name of a traditional English folk ballad?


Fact Sheet9 Spanish Music


When you think of Spanish music, you usually think of guitars, a great looking man and woman dancing in a fiery way with lots of clapping. But there is a lot more to Spanish music than guitar strings strumming and fast-paced dance. Since Spanish is the language of Latin American countries, this music genre goes beyond just the borders of Spain.

_______________ Originating in Southern Spain, this is the

most widely recognized form of Spanish music (and dance)

in the world. With three forms, ____________(the song),

____________ (the dance) and ________________(guitar

playing), the many forms of this traditional Spanish art

vary according to region. As many as eighty styles exist,

with the most prevalent aspects being the signature

rhythmic _____ __________, _______ _____________ and

arm movements while using __________________.

T_________ - Another famous spanish dance style, this is the most complex of all Spanish

music genres. The music features key instruments: violin, piano, double bass, clarinet

and flute. With its dancing it is a very dramatic style of music.

T__________ – The lightest and most whimsical of Spanish music types with its classic

accordion and festive beat, it is prevalent in Mexico. Lately the music has been infused

with synthesizers to modernize the sound.

Z______________ – A very unique form of operetta, this is a combination of music

(singing) and dialogue presented in what is usually a one-act theatre setting.

B_______ N____ – A gentle style of music that is usually without percussion, originating

from Brazil.

Typically the instruments used in this form of Spanish music are piano and guitar.

L______ J_____ – A Caribbean style of music that features African rhythms with conga

drums but no heavy bass beat. This music is almost nothing like American jazz, which is

often driven by bass lines.

S_______ – Prevalent largely in Cuba and also Puerto Rico, it is a popular complement to

dance music and highlights African rhythms with Spanish tempo and influence.


fun sheet


9 Spanish Music

a l e u z r a z a o lf l a m e n c o a d gb b s t n l g b j a na a t r i n b o f n ii t e j a n o s a c pl l n t p o j s c i pe i a i s u l a d n an l t e c a n n z g ln g s a s t a o a z cs a a r e b n v g t ci o c g u i t a r r a

tangotejanozarzuelabossanovalatin jazzsalsaandalusiaflamencospaincantebaileguitarracastanetsclappingdancing

Spanish Music Word Search

Define the Spanish StylesMatch up the name of the style on the left with its description on the right

Tango

Tejano

Salsa

Latin Jazz

Zarzuela

Bossa Nova

Flamenco

A dramatic style of Spanish music featuring a fiery dance style

A light and whimsical Spanish style featuring the accordion

A unique form of Spanish operetta

The most well known form of Spanish music, featuring guitars, castanets & dancing

A gentle style of music that originates from Brazil, and uses piano and guitar

A Caribbean influenced style that features conga drums

A style prevalent in Cuba and Puerto Rico with lots of Spanish influence


Fact Sheet10 Calypso Music


The most popular musical style among the West Indies is called ____________. This style of music, which started in this region in 1789, originates from African slaves who were brought on out to the islands in over 200 years ago. Forbidden from speaking to one another, the slaves sang songs to communicate and often used the lyrics to mock their slave masters. Eventually, it evolved as a way to spread news and was considered by the people to be the most reliable news source. To this day, lyrics in this style include gossip, scandal, politics and local news.

Just as songs in this style came from poor and humble beginnings, so did the instruments. The most intriguing and

popular instrument of calypso today is the _______ ______, sometimes more correctly known as the _______ _____.

Between the 1930s and 1945 during the Second World War, money was scarce so biscuit tins, hubcaps and empty oil

drums became a new sort of drum where different sounds could be made on the lid by hammering the surface.

Legend has it the first steel pan drum

was made as a result of a cricket game

on a street which caused a _______ in an

aluminum bin lid.

The dent in the lid was knocked out with a

hammer and it was realized that each blow

of the hammer caused a different sound.

Dents of various shapes and sizes were

continued to be made right around the lid so

before long a scale emerged and tunes could

be played on a garbage can!

Using a garbage can to make these instruments was not suitable at the time because the metal was too

______ and they were hard to find. So as the war came and went, loads of empty ____ __________s were left

throughout the West Indies by the US Forces, plus this region produces oil, so it became easy to get hold of

them. Fifty-five gallon oil drums became the ideal material for making a steel pan.

To make a steel pan, the bottom of the oil drum was pounded out with a sledge hammer which is a process still

refered to as ‘___________’. The notes were then marked out with chalk and with several kinds of smaller

hammers the notes were moulded into the surface of the pan. Today the process remains the same except

sometimes _______ _________ is used instead of a drum to achieve better note accuracy, however the notes

are still often manually crafted. Musicians who play the steel pan play it with very ______ ended mallets as any

extra denting to the “pan” can damage the tuning of the instrument.

Over the years since the beginning of the steel pan, many different types and sizes have evolved. A group of

steel pan musicians playing the various sizes and timbres is called a________ _______. This type of ensemble

has become popular in jazz and pop music fusion since the 1960s.


fun sheet10 Calypso Music

ACROSS4 A group of musicians playing steel drums5 The more correct name for the steel drum7 The most popular music style of the Caribbean8 Famous musician of Jamacian descent9 One of the most well-known countries of the Caribbean DOWN1 What steel pans are made from2 Another famous musical style which came from the Caribbean3 The island where the steel pan originated4 A melodic instrument made from a 44-gallon drum6 Tool used to sink the bowl of a steel drum

Although there are a variety of tuning systems and layouts used for the steel pan, one very common system used is the cycle of fifths. Use the cycle of fifths to write the names of the rest of the notes in this steel pan layout drawing.


Steel pan layout

Crossword

C

C

C

C

D

EE

F

F

G

D

G

A b

b

#

#

1 2

3

4

5 6

7

8

9


Fact Sheet11 Japanese Music


Music plays an important role in Japanese culture. The Japanese word for music is

_________, which translated means “sound-happiness”.

At least ______ genres of traditional Japanese music exist. The genre is not only defined by the instruments used or

the songs sung, but by the __________ of the instruments or voices involved, or the colour of music. Two voices or

instruments can play the same notes and the same volume but have a different timbre or quality of sound.

Japan also has a rich tradition of folk music. Songs vary depending on whether they are played for a ____________

ceremony (Japan’s oldest religion), a festival, by workers or children. They often incorporate singing with instruments

and dancing.

Examples of traditional Japanese instruments include:

_________ – This is a wooden, stringed zither. It was introduced from China and

is at least 2,000 years old. It has 13 strings, although some models have more. It

is Japan’s official instrument and was played in court music (gagaku), folk music

and continues to be played today.

_______________ – This is one of the most well-known traditional Japanese

instruments. It is a three-stringed instrument with an elongated neck and square

shaped base.

_____________– If you have never seen one of these energetic drum

performances, stop what you’re doing and watch this Japanese art form right

now. The drums are barrel shaped and made of trees at least 200 years old;

the trees are cured for 50 years before being transformed into the percussion

instrument. A performance involves choreography, muscle power and intense

rhythms.

_________________ – This is a bamboo flute. It was played as part of folk songs and by Zen Buddhist

monks. Its uplifting, natural sound continues to be popular all around the world.

Music in Japan often is associated with performance. _____ is a form of musical theatre that originated

in the 14th century. Performers wear ornate masks and are accompanied by taiko and other percussion

and woodwind instruments. A century later, ___________ was created. This is a world-renowned musical

theatre where men play the parts of both male and female characters and wear elaborate costumes and

make-up. Finally, a musical puppet theatre style called ____________ originated in the 19th century. The

puppets and the puppet masters are like none other found in the world.


fun sheet


11 Japanese Music

KIOAT

_______________

Unscramble & Match

Crossword

Unscramble the following names of Japanese instruments, and then draw a line to their picture.

MESHNISA

_______________

TOOK

_______________

KIHAHUACSH

_______________

ACROSS1 A wooden, stringed zither3 Performers wear these in Japanese musical theatre5 A three-stringed instrument with a square base7 Japanese word for music9 Japanese puppet theatre10 The period when Japanese music styles were first documented11 Japan’s Oldest Religion DOWN1 Japanese musical theatre where men play both male and female roles2 The colour of music or quality of sound4 A form of musical theatre that originated in the 14th century6 A Japanese bamboo flute8 Traditional Japanese drums

1 2

3

4

5 6

7 8

9

10

11


Fact Sheet12 Cuban Music


What would happen if you took a little bit of Africa, mixed it with a lot of Spain and spiced it up with bits of European and American folk music styles? The result would be Cuban music.

Some of the most popular forms of World Music comes from Cuba and its surrounding areas, home to many of the

________ _____________ styles which have become so popular in the Western world. In the dance halls of the 1930s and

40s people discovered the infectious rhythms that made this music so popular and ‘danceable’, and that is true today,

with Cuban music forming the basis of many dance forms.

While regular Spanish guitars are used extensively in Cuban music, one interesting instrument found in Cuban music is

the ___________, or Cuban guitar. While this may look like a normal guitar with six strings, it actually has _____ groups

of _____ strings that are tuned together. The major difference between the tres and the guitar is the playing style: you

almost __________ play chords on a Tres. It is played like a ________, playing repeated rhythmic patterns between the

three strings.

One of the most important percussion instruments to be found in cuban music

is the ___________. They are two short and fat sticks, made from rosewood or

other hardwood. One is held in the hand and hit with the other. They are used

to play a simple five-stroke pattern that is the core of many Cuban rhythms.

__________ are another important percussion instrument, which came from Cuban music. There are two drums of

different sizes: the larger being called in Spanish _________ (female) and the smaller _________ (male). Played with

the ____________ the bongos traditionally would be held between the _________.

Other drums associated with Cuban music include the _______ drums and less well known is the ____ drum.

One of the most popular and important styles in Cuban music is _______, which is the foundation for many of the other

styles. It can be said that the Son is to Cuba what the tango is to Spain, and the samba is to Brazil.

Other musical styles which are generally attributed to Cuban origins include c______, r_______, b_______, c__-c__-c__,

m_______ and s_______. Mixing in other musical styles such as hip-hop, jazz and rock is also not uncommon in Cuban

music. Cuba’s musical climate, based in its African and European roots, continues to influence other musical styles

throughout the world today.


fun sheet


12 Cuban Music

Cuban Word Patch

Fill in the blanks with letters from the scrambled words underneath to find the answers to the given questions:

What are some of the main influences on Cuban music?

A ___ ___ I ___ ___ ___, & ___ U ___ ___ P ___ ___ ___ R E N C N A A O R F E

What are some percussion instruments used in Cuban music?

__ O ___ ___ ___ S, C ___ N ___ A ___,B ___ ___ A, & ___ L ___ V ___ ___. S S E G O O G N T B C A A

What is at the core of most cuban rhythms?

___ I ___ E – S ___ ___ O ___ ___P ___ ___ T ___ ___ ___. N R K T T E E R V A F

Instruments used in traditional ‘son’ music from Cuba:

___ ___ ___ S, ___ O ___ G O S, C ___ ___ V E ___,S ___ A ___ I S ___ G ___ ___ T ___ ___, D ___ U B ___ E B A ___ S, ___ R U ___ P ___ ___, & P ___ ___ N ___. B N L R S A A I T M T O R E P A O L S H U N E I T


Fact Sheet13 Brazillian Carnival!


Besides being famous for being “soccer crazy” and winning the world cup soccer championship more than any other

country in the world, Brazil is also famed for its Latin American dances, music and culture that you just can’t help

moving to. With a land area making it the largest country in the southern hemisphere, it is home to over 160 million

people with many different backgrounds, cultures and races and its music culture can best be seen in one yearly event:

the ________________!

If you want to find out about Brazillian music and styles, you can see it all at the Carnival. It is one of the the biggest

annual parties held in the world and is celebrated all over Brazil in towns and cities. The biggest Carnival occurs in

the Brazilian city, ______ ___ __________. It consists of a huge street parade at a specially built stadium called the

_____________ and features dancers, singers, pageant floats and music . It reaches an audience of over 75,000 people

at the live event and a television audience of 100 million.

The _____________ which is the most popular style of music and dance in Brazil is the main dance featured the Rio

Carnival. Traditionally this style of music was played by guitars and stringed instruments called ________________

(a small four -stringed guitar) along with a range of African percussion instruments, but today in the the dancing is

accompanied by a style of samba played prominently in Rio called B______________ which originated from early

Africian migrants and is made up of an ensemble of African percussion instruments. This rhythmic style of percussion

music is effective, loud and makes it easy for drummers to move in the parade.

Today, the Carnival has developed into a fierce competiton between the __________ ___________ of Rio. Each school

which consists of neighbourhood dance schools, locals wanting to participate and actual schools, has a chance to parade

and be judged by a panel of experts on their performance. The winner of the competition is announced on the last day

of the Carnival. Typically each school would consist of approximately________-________ people, ___ different types of

costume and ______ drummers: so this is a very large scale event for each school and each performance has strict rules

they need to adhere to in order to participate. More than a hundred schools of this size partcipate in the Carnival each

year making the whole experience last for nearly a week. It is classed as a public holiday in Brazil.

S_______(bass drum)

C________(type of

snare drum)

R__________(like a snare drum

with no snares)

T_______(small single

headed drums)

A_______(samba whistle)


fun sheet


13 Brazilian Music

ACROSS4 Brazilian Snare Drum8 The city where the largest carnival is held9 Small cylinder with a tight drum skin10 Style of samba playing with lots of percussion11 The annnual festival in Rio12 Carnival started as a __________ festival DOWN1 Groups that compete in the carnival2 Snare drum without snares3 Where the Canival is held in Rio5 Brazilian bass drum6 A samba whistle7 A small four-stringed guitar

Brazilian Carnival Crossword

Brazilian Instrument Match UpDraw a line to match up each instrument with its name:

Surdo Apito Repinique TamborimCiaxas


1 2

3

4 5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12


Fact Sheet14 Mexican Music


Mexican music is more complex that most people think. It is much more than the three Mariachi guys standing in a row, wearing those undeniably Mexican uniforms with ruffles.

Located in C_______ America, the single most unmistakable fact is that the region has a lot of influence from the

A_____ Empire, with no exception when it comes to music. Going as far back as the 16th century, there are still

forms of music from that period that are ingrained in Mexican music today. Other major influences include S________

elements mixed with local aspects of music, as well as some A___-C_______ touches too.

There are five basic types of music within the Mexican region, and the most common instruments that are heard in

nearly all forms of Mexican music are plucked _______ instruments, p_________, w________ and then v_____–

in that order.

R________________

A type of music most widely recognized around the world as Mexican music. The songs are thematic in nature and

usually include the topics of nature, love and the love of Mexico.

S_______

Described as “Mexican folk music from the countryside”, son is defined as “sound” and is a very traditional form of

Mexican music and was established in the 18th century. Characterized as usually fast-paced, the style often includes

both bow and plucked string instruments.

M________________

This style features dance from Europe (polka, waltz and

Spanish-influenced fandango) and rhythms from Africa.

Most bands will consist of at least six violins, several

trumpets, a guitar, one “guitarrón” (a six-string acoustic

bass) and a “vihuela” (a five-string guitar).

B________________

Mostly slow songs and ballads, this music is simple and natural in style. Sharing many characteristics of the son

music from the Yucatan Peninsula there is debate as to whether it originates from Cuba as it is widely reported

or if it has a Mexican origin.

C_____________

Used as a means to publicize political and social issues through music and song, the songs are usually ballads

that address anything from war stories, heroes and tragedies of the Mexican revolution to current topics such

as illegal immigration or drug trafficking. Performed solo or at most in small ensembles, these songs are very

common in most regions of Mexico.


fun sheet14 Mexican Music

S R O W B T N B N L L B M E B C D L I I A I L O OS T A E O A I I W M S S N I P O C A E R R Z T E RH L T N H Y A R G G Z H B B I Y R R V U T H E A OD L A C C M E L O E W B N N M B I C I L E O T D OS L I D R H M O R A S P N B A P E P A M R I I O ER L P D S M E N I D N I A R M V C W A A U R O O UR S E R P O C R N S O L O E O L I T R G R T S A ZB L V N O A N I A O S C C L I E I M C O I E S B NO A E T R I W E M R S E I L V C O W C L N L M O CR B C O H D A B C M T R R E M O Y M A P L A Z D IO V W E O P M N A Z T I R U R U R R L T R E A R MP R T O N K N L A D C I S C E A N S A I R S E I ET R W I I T M A M K W I I I E A N I A C O M E T FM U R O R U R I K S C I Z E C I T C M M B E O A TN E O E R N R A S L U N E W L A H I B S A I N A IO N L L M O D A L O O T A O K I A R C I A D A L BR W R C M O B S C A A P I T Y C E R I E A B R A CE C L D F E T M S D M V S D U R A H R N T R L I RM C R D L E O C C I N E S N O R Z N G A R H M I CO A A B P R A T A O A S R T L H E O C O L A N D OA C U M E H T M O T T C H I I E L M R A H E L L RR O U L Z N M A M R R A N L C O D M I S E T L R ID R O L D L S T O O E T E O U A B E V M O E F A AT B A S T R Z L E I E R S E A C E O D S O A H A AO E M T C T I L A U R E B F W T B R M E U L C A C

Mariachi

Ranchera

Son

Bolero

Corrido

Woodwinds

Violin

Trumpet

Guitar

Polka

Waltz

Fandango

Central America

Aztec Empire

Cymbals

Mariachi

Ranchera

Son

Bolero

Corrido

Draw a line to match the style of Mexican music with its description on the right:

Uses large bands with violins and trumpets

Includes music in a polka or waltz style

Slow songs or ballads

Ballads that have a message in their lyrics

Name is defined as “sound”

Mexican Music Word-find

Mexican Music Style Match


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