studio portfolio reduced

Portfolioarsc 7100 I architectural studio I winter 2010

Bryan He

ArchitecturalStudio

There was a time when I experienced architecture without thinking about it. Sometimes I can almost feel a particular door handle in my hand, a piece of metal shaped like the back of a spoon. I used to take hold of it when I went into my aunt’s garden. That door handle still seems to me like a special sign of entry into a world of different moods and smells. I remember the sound of the gravel under my feet, the soft gleam of the waxed oak staircase, I can hear the heavy front door closing behind me as I walk along the dark corridor and enter the kitchen, the only really brightly lit room in the house.

-PeterZumthor

““

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bcit ne 1 lobby intervention social railing 4-9

laneway house # 1 slat house 10-17

farnsworth house by mies van der rohe case study 18-25 laneway house # 2 6x6 house 26-37

public space / civic space urban steps 38-47

Content

4

soci

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iling tree seat

traffic pattern and integrated signage in railing

railing seat

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soci

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iling

project description I The goal of this one week design exercise is to get familiar with hand drafting using a 4B pencil. The intervention of the lobby space of NE1 is trying to improve the social function of the space. The intervention also tries to incorporate the three main objective of this term’s studio, which are sustainability, technology, and design.

bcit ne1 lobbyIintervention

social railing

Kaide-taide by Company Architects

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soci

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iling

design intent

The main idea of the intervention is through the design of a railing system inspired by Kaide-taide by Company Architects. The railing integrates the functions of handrails, safety guards, seatings, heating, and signage. The volume of the existing lobby is a triple height space. However, the horizontal dimensions of the existing lobby is difficult to alter because of its func-tion as an emergency exit and a structural core. To create spaces for social interaction, the intervention needs to consume the vertical volume by extending the second floor.

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iling

intervention

Replace partial ex-isting façade with operable windows to provide view, light, and ventilation.

Extend the second floor to provide a brightly lit a gallery walk, a lunch spot, and a mingling zone.

Replace the exist-ing sheet metal roof with a glazed roof. The solar tube pan-els provide shading as well as hot water for space heating.

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iling

section detail

window to roof detail

window to glass floor and entry door detail

“railing“ running on wall to provide space heating

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iling

detail

integrated water pipes in railing for space heating

ridge detail and solar tube panel connection

glass floor and railing support

connects to roof trusses

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slat

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shipping containers and structure support

storage / window bed / kitchen unit mock up structure support model

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slat

hou

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project description I The new laneway house by-laws is one of Vancouver’s city planning strate-gies to achieve eco-density. This exercise requires students to use physical modeling as the main tool to design a laneway house up to 75m2 of living space for a family of four (at least two children must be included). As a class, this exercise covers three city blocks from south to north by King Edward Street and West 22nd Street, from east to west by Willow Street and Laurel Street. Each block has a unique lane condition. In this case, a T-lane results some laneway houses to have its main façade facing east. Students are also required to study the laneway house by-laws but are not required to follow them.

laneway houseInumber 1slat house

w. 23rd street

w. 22rd street

willo

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treet

laur

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design intent

The idea of the slats is to provide visual screening, interesting lighting and shading of the living spaces, and to create a soft edge condition. The initial idea of the construction technology is to use heavy timber for structural members, shipping containers stacked together to provide living spaces, and dimension lumbers for the façade. However, using prefabricated light wood frame construction for the living spaces makes more sense in regards to the availability of trades and the economic of material and technology. A staircase core is featured in the house to provide stack effect for natural ventilation, while the stair landings double the function as hallways that connects living spaces. Since this is a physical modeling exercise, the house is mainly designed in section as an experiment.

entrance

bedrooms, play area

kitchen, living roomoutdoor space

outdoor spacecar port

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slat

hou

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inspiration

Glass stair atrium space by Architect Luis Trevino Closet bed systemSuspended stairs House Tower by Bow Wow Architects

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slat

hou

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section

kitchen/ living room

reading

kids bedroom /playroom

carport outdoormoss garden

outdoor moss garden-wet, and cold, thick moss will grow

patio

master bedroom

july 21 12:00pm 66˚

july 21 12:00pm 66˚

december 21 12:00pm 20˚

december 21 12:00pm 20˚

neighbourgarage

grey water recycle through community living machine

intensive green roofevacuated tube evacuated tube- supply hot water for shower,laudary, and radiant �oorheating.

south - northsection

bryan he I arsc 7200

LAN

EWAY

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west-east section south-north section

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slat

hou

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physical model

suspended glass staircase to allow maximum day light light effect of the slatted façade

kid’s room master bedroom shower / toilet

daytime bed kitchen / living room

outdoor deck

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slat

hou

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detail

shower room structural support detail

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slat

hou

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detail

storage / glass landing to daytime bed storage / glass landing to daytime bed cross section

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Modern proportion of greek temple: Karl Friedrich Schinkel - Altes Museum, 1823-30

Site analysis Tiny big building: Mies van der Rohe - Seagram Tower, 1958

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mies van der rohe Ifarnsworthhouse I

case study

project description I The Farnsworth House is built in 1951 by Mie van der Rohe for Dr. Edith Farnsworth as a vacation home in Plano, Illinois. Because of Mie’s careful proportion, rigorous plan-ning, and his mastery in steel and glass construction, the Farnsworth House is regarded as a master piece in the history of modern architecture. This case study consists a series of in-depth analysis of the architect’s tectonic expression, design intention, and the influence on habitation.

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OverviewFarnsworth House I Mies van der RoheFarnsworth House chronology1945Mies van der Rohe meets Dr. Edith Farnsworth

1945Dr. Farnsworth commissions Mies to design a weekend retreat at the Fox River, near Plano, 60 miles west of Chicago

1946The basic design of the Farnsworth House is fixed

1949Dr.. Farnsworth receives an inheritance which enables construction to begin

1951The house is completed

1951Mies sues Dr. Farnsworth for unpaid fees. Dr.. Farnsworth counter-sues, alleging a cost over-run and design faults

1953The lawsuit is settled in Mies's favour

1953An article titled The Threat to the Next America, an attack on the Farnsworth House and on Mies van der Rohe, is published in the American magazine House Beautiful

1954The Fox River rises 1.2m above internal floor level, damaging finishes and furnishings

1968Dr. Farnsworth advertises the house for sale

1969Mies van der Rohe dies

1971Dr. Farnsworth sells the house to Mr. Peter (later Lord) Palumbo

1972Mr. Palumbo employs Mr.. Dirk Lohan to renovate the house

1977Dr. Farnsworth dies at the age of 74 in Italy

1996The Fox River rises 1.5m above internal floor level, breaking the glass walls and causing severe internal damage. Lord Palumbo employs DirkLohan to renovate the house

1997The Fox river rises 0.3 m above internal floor level, causing minor damage

1997Lord Palumbo opens the restored house to the public

Mies Van der Rohe chronology3 March 1886Born in Aachen, Germany

1904Moves to Berlin

1905-7Holds series of positions in private architectural practice in Berlin

1908-11Works in Berlin studio of Peter Behrens

1911-14In private architectural practice in Berlin

1914-18Military service

1919-37In private architectural practice in Berlin

1921Cofounder of G (Gestaltung magazine) in Berlin

1921-5Director of Architectural Exhibits, November Group, Berlin

1925Founder, ZehnerRing, Berlin

1926-32First vice-president, Deutscher Werkbund, Berlin

1927Director of the Weissenhofsiedlung, Stuttgart

1930-32Director of the Bauhaus at Dessau

1931Director of the Werkbund section The Dwelling at the Berlin Building Exhibition

1932-3Director of the Bauhaus in Berlin

1933The Bauhaus closes

1937-8Emigrates to the USA

1938-59Director of Architecture at the Armour Institute of Technology in Chicago (later to become the Illinois Institute of Technology)

1938-69In private architectural practice in Chicago

1946-51Designs and oversees construction of the Farnsworth House

17 August 1969Dies in Chicago

ContextFarnsworth House

SITE PLAN

context

access

contour

floodplain

sun path

view

privacry

property line

amenities

LOCATIONPlano, Illinois, USA1h30m from Chicago

1h30m drive

Chicago to Farnsworth House

site section

four seasons / vegetation oa

k

map

legr

ass

ash

Fox River

River Rhein

Fraser River

River St-Laurent

surrounding trees

are 3 - 4 x the height of

the house

16’

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3’1946floor elvation19541996

5’3"

9’3"10’3"

1946 anticipated 100-year flood

1954 flood 1996 flood

SitingFarnsworth House

True enough, an ancient black oak at the river's edge shelters the house from the sun's southern rays. Yet the sun is not the most imposing natural force on this site, the river is. And the final position of the Farnsworth House, as Mies Knew, is well within the floodplain of the Fox River.

Strange Details, Michael Cadwell

Riehl House 1907

Tugendhat House 1930

Project Resor House1938

Project Resor House1938

only means of natural ventilation / later proved to be inefficient

increase in water runoff caused by development in the Chicago area lead to dramatic rise in flood level

immersed within /asymetically framed

overlooking /symmetrically framed

new understanding of landscape

Farnsworth House / normal flood1951

Light & ShadowStudyFarnsworth House

SUMMER

9 a.m.

12 p.m.

3 p.m.

WINTER

direct summer sun

direct winter sunambient light

9 a.m.

12 p.m.

3 p.m.

Midwestern light is not often brilliant, revealing a crisp, colorful surround, but is more often overcast, humid, obdurate, absorbing us in its density.


noon

winter9 a.m.

winter3 p.m.

wintersunset

summer3 p.m

summersunset

wintersunrise

summer9 p.m

summersunrise

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EntrySequenceFarnsworth HouseFrom the ground, we will ascend stairs to a floor, ascend another set of stairs to a floor and a roof, turn to the right to open a door, and pass through a glass wall to the house’s interior - each stage pulling us deeper into the play of frame and landscape.


If you view nature through the glass walls of the Farnsworth House, it gains a more profound significance than if viewed from outside... it becomes a part of a larger whole.

- Mies van der Rohe

Terrace from east- ground

Galley Kitchen View from bed

From dining table Layers of horizontal bands From fireplace House from river

On terrace- a floor

On porch - a floor and a roof

In the house- enclosed

New Ways of LifeFarnsworth House

The struggle for new housing is a struggle for new ways of life.- Mies van der Rohe, 1927

The core shoves us to the perimeter of the house. Making us to orientate against the core and focus on the outdoor.

the service core is the only connection to the ground besides the columns

the service core provides hot water for in slab radiant floor heating / exhaust is housed within

functions include:• galley kitchen• guest bathroom• private bathroom• furnace• roof drainage• water tank• septic tank• zone divider dining room kitchen bedroom living room

material:primavera

The thick wall galley kitchen east bathroom door lounger & fireplace

service

served (public)served (private)

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Mies van der RoheFarnsworth House1951

TinyBig BuildingFarnsworth House What I do - what you call my kind of architecture - we

should just call it a structural approach. We don’t think about the form when we start. We think about the right way to use the materials. Then we accept the result .

- Mies van der Rohe, 1955

proportionKarl SchinkelAltes Museum 1830

Mies van der RoheSeagram Building1958

glassinessPeter Behrens AEG Turbinenfabrik 1900

Mies van der Rohe Project Glass Sky Scraper 1922

Mies van der Rohe Plate Glass Hall 1927

exposed structureHendrik Berlage Amsterdam Stock Exchange 1903

Mies van der Rohe Project Brick Country House 1924

Mies van der Rohe Project Brick Country House 1924

Mies van der Rohe Plate Glass Hall 1927

Mies van der Rohe Barcelona Pavilion 1929

Mies van der RoheTugendhat House 1930

Frank Lloyd WrightThe Robie House 1910

horizontality / usonianFrank Lloyd Wright The Pairie House 1908

Miesian Umbrella

DiagramFarnsworth House

1946-51 – Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois

A column/wall has two functions, the ability to stand up, and the appearance of standing up.

COMMODITY, FIRMNESS, DELIGHT- Vitruvius

1952-53 - National Theatre Mannheim (project)

1957-61 – Bacardi Office Building, Mexico City, Mexico

1962-68 – National Gallery, Berlin, Germany

Conceptual distinction between horizontal floor plane / roof plane and vertical supports while denying any other horizontal elements creating the image of an umbrella, and the appearance of standing up.

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Moving the FixedFarnsworth House

Where traditional buildings were ornamented,modern buildings must be bare. Where traditional houses had rooms, modern ones must be open-plan. Where traditional rooms were thickly carpeted and curtained, and densely filled with furniture and bric-a-brac, modern ones must have hard, clean surfaces and be virtually devoid of furniture and possessions.

“cold, barren, sterile, thin, uncomfortable”- House Beautiful Magazine, April 1953

“Mies talk about his ‘free space’, but the space is very fixed. I can’t even put a clothes hanger in my house without considering how it affects everything from the outside. I thought you could animate a pre-determined, classic form like this with your own presence. I wanted to do something meaningful and all I got was this glib, false sophistication.”

- Edith Farnsworth

“Shortly after sunrise the early morning light, filtering through the branches of the linden tree, first dapples and then etches the silhouette of the leaves in share relief upon the curtain. It is a scene no Japanese print could capture to greater effect.”

- Lord Peter Palumbo

Inhabitants have always felt the need to add objects. Mies’ layout was never realized.

Miesian approach

layout 1: glass enclosure around the kitchen

layout 2: over minimal furniture layout

layout 3: final plan with undivided living area and minimal furniture layout

rules:• specified Mies Van der Rohe furniture• specified furniture layout• no additional furniture • no pictures / artwork on the wall• no curtains

1

2

3

4

5

layout 4: 1951-1971. Original owner Edith Farnsworth installed mosquito screen around the patio, roll up blinds inside, and brought in antique furniture.

layout 5: 1972-1990s. Second owner Peter Palumbo restored the Miesian layout. Sculptures are displayed in the house.

MiesianGrammarFarnsworth House

I don't want to be interesting, I want to be good.- Mies van der Rohe

connection prepared

beam placed plug weld connection finished

deindustrialization - plug weld technique to achieve jointless white substances of Platonic perfection

X-crossing / Barcelona Chair 1929

"form" over "function" - same slab thickness despite different structural loads

drainage is provided between the joins of floor tile achieving continuously flat floor slab

drainage and footingdetail

column to footing connection is concealed

window frame detail frames invisible from interior corner detail open groove

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TypologyFarnsworth House

1. Structural elements painted in abstract colour

2. Farnsworth House exhibitionist glass box form

3. The Seagram Building in New York as a result of the Farnsworth House diagram

4. Itsukushima Shrine - 6th Century

5. In urban Vancouver context

6. Annual flood of the Fox River - kayaking

7. Annual flood of the Fox River - aquarium

8. Karl Friedrich Schinkel - Altes Museum, 1823-30

1

23

4 576

8

stacked Farnsworth House

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6x6

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structure and glass wall configuration The exhibitionist nature of the Farnsworth House by Mies van der Rohe. Nude models photographed by Trevor Brady.

typology of the Farnsworth House in Vancouver laneway project 50x50 by Mies van der Rohe plug-weld beam and column connection

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project description I The second laneway house requires students to use the precedent case study as a guideline to design a laneway house that also conforms the City of Vancouver’s laneway house by-laws. In this case, the precedent is the Farnsworth House by Mies van der Rohe. The challenge of this exercise is to design a glass jewel box to house a family of four in the urban context of the Van-couver laneway. The limitations of the Miesian grammar and the by-laws results a modest 6 metre by 6 metre one-storey house that features a central service core and an open-plan living concept much like the Farnsworth House. In order to achieve the program requirements, a ceiling retractable bed is used. The sliding glass walls are designed to maximize the confined living space and create a con-nection to the outdoor. In terms of sustainability, the elevated house minimizes the building footprint for better storm water management. The bio-swale incorporated in the landscape design also enables on-site storm water and waste water treatment. This laneway house offers a new way of sustainable habitation.

laneway houseInumber 26x6 house

w. 23rd street

w. 22rd street

willo

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laur

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6x6

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design intent

The Farnsworth House does not function as a comfortable habitat because of the sterile qual-ity of steel and glass, and the lack of privacy despite its private location. This laneway house has to find solutions to those problems. The solid walls are designed to meet the privacy re-quirements of the by-laws, at the same time an opportunity to introduce a prefabricated wall panel system that features warm wood texture. The sliding glass walls that service the kitchen area allow for natural ventilation and additional seating on the slab edge in the summer time. The outdoor deck enhances the entry sequence, reinforces privacy, and functions as an exten-sion of the living space.

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6x6

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plans

The floor plan of the 6x6 house could be the most simple of all the laneway houses designed in this studio, but it requires extensive design complexity in order to achieve efficient use of space as well as to provide functional spaces. Living and sleeping are functioned in the same zone achieved by using a retractable bed system while two solid walls provide privacy. The most private functions are contained in the wood core and they can be used separately. The dining area and the kitchen is screened by a line of bamboo trees on the east side yet still allow-ing the occupants to overlook and animate the lane. Parents cooking in the kitchen have visual connection with the kids playing in the meadow fieldv or on the deck. The parking is provided on the north side away from any visual connection to de-emphasize automobile in daily lives.

living room

ceiling retractable bed

dinning area

toilet

sink

shower

laundry

closet

fireplace

deck

kitchen

w. 23rd street

laur

el s

treet

lane

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6x6

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axonometric studies

material:wide-flange steel columns painted whiteL shape steel bracket floor support painted whiteC shape steel channel roof support painted whitepolished concrete floor, roof, and patio slab hickory wood panelling for coreblack walnut wood panelling for west wallgreen roof with fritted skylight

dimension:column: 250 mm x 250 mmfloor, roof and patio slab: 350 mmwindow mullions: 40 mm x 150 mmtriple pane window wall: 150 mmpre-fabricated wall panel: 150 mm

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detail

Slab edge L bracket concretedrainage double window wall trackspolished concrete floor

Door handleflushed key holewhite painted aluminium frameminimalist lock release bar

Floor and roof edge design sketch

Stepssteel T supportbolted cast in place concrete

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wall section

roof:green roof assemblyroofing membraneplywood sheathingwood fibre board insulationmoisture barrierin-situ concretesupported by steel C channel

pre-fabricated wall panel:concrete panel claddingmetal furring strip / rainscreenbuilding paperplywood sheathingstud space with wood fibreboard insulationwood interior finish panel

floor:concrete topping with radiant heatingmoisture barrierwood fibreboard insulationin-situ concretesupported by steel L bracket

ground:1 metre clearancemeadow with wild flowerbio-swale trench around the 3 sides of the buildingconcrete pad footing in ground

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elevations

east south west north

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product selection

Sky-Frame sliding window wall system Umbau Architekturbüro by Herzog & de Meuron

BedUp ceiling retractable bed system manufac-tured by Decadrages from Paris

Gutex wood fibre board insulation

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digital renderings

site axonometric

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digital renderings

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5

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3

1. approaching the house from w23rd street

3. dining area perspective 4. kitchen area perspective with visual connection to kids outside 5. living room perspective with the bed in the ceiling

2. exterior shading as privacy screening at night with the bed pulled down

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location: willow street and west 23rd street, vancouver, bc

site area: 1400 m2

program: theatre 100m2 lobby 25m2

daycare 75m2 plus outdoor playground café 25m2

1 meeting room 50m2

2 meeting rooms 25m2/each public space community allotment garden

woodstock farm by Rick Joy Architects early design sketches

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public space Icivic spaceurban steps

project description I The densified neighborhood resulted from the previous two laneway house exercises requires a public space as a point of release and a neutral space that serves the community. This exercise explores social space design in the scale of a community. Through the lessons learned from observing Vancouver’s public realm during the 2010 Winter Olympic Games, students are re-quired to find solutions to improve the situation of the lack of public realm in Vancouver.

w. 23rd street

w. 22rd street

willo

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laur

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eps

23rd avenue lwh main house

number 16 19

ave. occupancy per house 4 4.5

total occupancy 64 85.5

32 children / 32 parents 38 children / 38 parents / 9.5 senior 70 children / 70 parents / 9.5 seniors


number 14 22


total occupancy 56 77

28 children / 28 parents 22 children / 44 parents / 11 senior 50 children / 72 parents / 11 seniors


number 14 24


total occupancy 56 108

28 children / 28 parents 48 children / 48 parents / 12 senior 76 children / 76 parents / 12 seniors

population

total 196 children / 219 parents / 32.5 seniors

summer shadow

form and rhythm: context across the street

winter shadow

studies

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The one-storey low mass building is to fit the scale of the neighborhood (especially the adjacent house to the west), while the program distribution and it’s form maximize the site’s solar potential. Because the public realm requires the most sunlight, it is placed in the middle of the site connecting south-north. This pushes two building to the sides flanking the public realm. Since the initial section, the public realm is made wider to create plaza spaces and the theatre is moved to the ground level to create interaction with the public realm. The five metre elevation change from south to north provides an opportunity to create urban steps throughout the public realm.

MEETING ROOM

23rd streetN

lane

KITCHEN / CAFE

THEATRE

OUTDOORENCLOSEDPLAYGROUND

THEATRE LOBBY

NEW PEDESTRIAN PATH LINKING NORTH AND SOUTHwiden public realm to create plaza

elevate theatre to create ground interaction

design intent

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daycarecreativearea

nap area

entrance /locker /waiting area

outdoor play area

public realm

community allotment garden

theatre

backstage

backyard

stage

lobby

café

urban steps/theatre extension

meeting rooms / gal-lery hall

daycare

publicrealm

theatre

café

lobby

meetingrooms

plan

parti diagram

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theatre I urban steps I café

The public realm is also a theatre. It is a place for people to gather and show off talents and to exchange ideas and stories. In the summer time, the theatre stage extends to the outdoor. Small plays and music festivals happen on the stage and everyone in the community can participate. A retired couple operate the café serving bakery and coffee in the morning. The café also functions as a community kitchen for block parties and potluck dinners.

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winter sun

thermal mass wall

radiant heat

connected to living machine

high performance continuous skin

partial fritted glass canopy for summer shading

north

mechanicalroom

rain watercollection tank

landscape

day

care

south-north section daycare play area

daycare

The form of the daycare is developed to receive the most sunlight as it is essential for the function of a daycare. It also generates the architectural language of the whole program: steel structure barn style construction with rainscreen technology clad with 13 mm thick fibre glass reinforced concrete panel system. The indoor spaces provide the necessary functions of a daycare while the exterior playground offers a didactic play experience. The punched windows along the south side provide the kids to have visual connection with the public realm, while security is achieved by the transparency of the whole building so both the public and the supervisors of the daycare can actively monitor the safety of th kids.

section through daycare

section through playground

section through public realm

didactic play experience

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daycare

Like the theatre, the daycare and its outdoor playground are inter-connected by sliding open the glass wall. The creative area is where the kids scribble and paint and make clay figures. The kitchen counter is right next to the main activities for easy supervision. The storage space is provided by a long strip of cabinets suspended from the ceiling only accessible by adults. However, the kids are required to put the toys back to the storage boxes at the end of a day.

creative area

inter-connected indoor / outdoor space

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meeting room I gallery hall

The interior partition system is inspired by the existing barn construction technology. The natural aesthetic of dimensional lumbers complement the man-made quality of steel frame structures. It eliminates the ap-plication of excessive interior finishes while providing a simple tectonic expression. The sandwich panel developed for this project is to provide good acoustic performance of the meeting room considering the daycare is right beside it. The large top-hung sliding doors also allow the meeting rooms to transform into a gallery hall to show case the talent in the daycare and in the community.

deep window frame for solar control

plan detail of the sandwich panel

tectonic expression of the 2x6 wall system

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elevation

The stepped community allotment gardens animates the lane during the growing seasons. It is a place where the neighbour would exchange herbs and vegetables while exchanging stories in lives. The steps also allows for visual connection with the urban steps while providing a smooth transition from the street to the lane. The backyard is an open field for a place to play with the dogs and throw a frisbee while al-lowing air and light to get to the surrounding laneway houses.

street elevation

backyard

backyardcommunity allotment gardens

lane elevation

The 102nd thing I learned in architecture school: Design never ends.

7100 I architectural studio I winter 2010

Bryan He

studio portfolio reduced

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