study guide automobile in society s 16

8/19/2019 Study Guide Automobile in Society s 16

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STUDY GUIDE AUTOMOBILE IN SOCIETY-TEST 1

1. PNGV GOALS AND TOOLS

Opportunity for a ar!" y n"# approa$% to auto&oti'" (")i!n. T%" PNGV i) a $oop"rati'!o'"rn&"nt*in(u)try "ffort to ("'" op auto&o+i ") #it% t%r"" ti&") t%" $urr"nt a'"ra!"fu" "$ono&y, #it%out )a$rifi$in! (")ira+ " attri+ut"). T%i) i) a$tua y Goa o oint y fun("( partn"r)%ip. Goa 1 fo$u)") on a('an$"( &anufa$turin! t"$%no o!i#%i " Goa / fo$u)") on n"ar-t"r& i&pro'"&"nt) in auto&oti'" "ffi$i"n$y, )af"ty, an("&i))ion). Goa #i (ra# upon t%" #or0 (on" in pur)uit of Goa ) 1 an( /, #%i$% &in turn app y t%" 2D #or0 for Goa to n"ar-t"r& $on'"ntiona '"%i$ "), #%"n"'$o&&"r$ia y f"a)i+ ", to i&pro'" t%" $o&p"titi'"n")) of U.S. auto&oti'" t"$%no oan( &anufa$turin!.

/. /31/- CA45 AG EEMENT

MODEL YEA /31/-/316 OBAMA ADMINIST ATION P OPOSAL

On May 17, /337, Pr")i("nt Bara$0 O+a&a propo)"( a n"# nationa fu" "$ono&y pro!ra& #%i$% a(opt) unifor& f"("ra )tan(ar() to r"!u at" +ot% fu" "$ono&y a!r""n%ou)" !a) "&i))ion) #%i " pr")"r'in! t%" "!a aut%oriti") of DOT, EPA anCa ifornia. T%" pro!ra& $o'"r) &o(" y"ar /31/ to &o(" y"ar /316 an( u ti&at"r"8uir") an a'"ra!" fu" "$ono&y )tan(ar( of 9.9 &i ") p"r US !a on :6.6 L*133 0& )a'in! $on)u&"r) &on"y o'"r t%" on! t"r& in in$r"a)"( fu""ffi$i"n$y, pr")"r'in! $on)u&"r $%oi$"?t%" n"# ru ") (o not (i$tat" t%" )i@" of $ar)tru$0) an( SUV) t%at &anufa$tur"r) $an pro(u$"; rat%"r it r"8uir") t%at a )i@'"%i$ ") +"$o&" &or" "n"r!y "ffi$i"nt, r"(u$"( air po ution in t%" for& of !r""n%ou!a) "&i))ion) an( ot%"r $on'"ntiona po utant), on" nationa po i$y for a auto&ain)t"a( of t%r"" )tan(ar() :a DOT )tan(ar(, an EPA )tan(ar( an( a Ca ifornia )tan(ar(t%at #ou ( app y to 1 ot%"r )tat")=, an( in(u)try (")ir")> $ arity, pr"(i$ta+i ity $"rtainty $on$"rnin! t%" ru ") #%i " !i'in! t%"& f " i+i ity on %o# to &""t t%" " p

out$o&") an( t%" "a( ti&" t%"y n""( to inno'at". T%" n"# po i$y #i r")u t in y"a9 in$r"a)") in "ffi$i"n$y fro& /31/ t%rou!% /316, 1. +i ion +arr" ) :/73,333,333 &of oi )a'"( $u&u ati'" y o'"r t%" if"ti&" of t%" pro!ra& an( )i!nifi$ant r"(u$tion) in!r""n%ou)" !a) "&i))ion) "8ui'a "nt to ta0in! 1 &i ion of to(ay ) $ar) off t%" roa(.F ai)" t%" fu" "$ono&y 9 p"r y"ar


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. OAD LOAD COMPONENTS

oa( oa( i) ("fin"( a) t%" for$" or tor8u" #%i$% oppo)") t%" &o'"&"nt of a '"%i$ ".


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T%" A t"rnator !"n"rat") " "$tri$ity an( #or0) #it% t%" +att"ry to run t%" " "$tri$a of you '"%i$ ". An a t"rnator i) !oin! to +" on a &o)t a '"%i$ "), in$ u(in! $ar), trura$" '"%i$ "), &otor$y$ "), an( a ot%"r '"%i$ ") #it% "n!in"). A t"rnator) u)ua&"(iu& A$$"))ory Loa(). Not"> T%" A t"rnator oa( of $o&put"r $ontro "( $ar)i!nifi$ant y %i!%"r t%an o ("r $ar+ur"tor"( '"%i$ ").

Water Pump

If you '"%i$ " i) i8ui( $oo "( t%"n it #i %a'" a Hat"r Pu&p. T%" "a)i")t #ay to t"you '"%i$ " i) i8ui( $oo "( i) to oo0 for a ra(iator. But )o&" '"%i$ ") (onKt %ra(iator) )u$% a) )no#&o+i "). T%"y u)" %"at " $%an!"r) u)ua y &ount"( un("r t%" Anot%"r #ay to t" if you '"%i$ " i) i8ui( $oo "( i) to oo0 at t%" "n!in" it)" f. If $oo in! fin) on t%" "n!in" t%"n it i) pro+a+ y not i8ui( $oo "(. Hat"r Pu&p) $an %)i!nifi$ant A$$"))ory oa(, ")p"$ia y at %i!%"r PM.

Power Steering Pump

Po#"r St""rin! Pu&p) ar" &o)t y u)"( on Car), Tru$0) an( Boat). S&a "r '"%i$ ") )u$a) &otor$y$ "), )no#&o+i "), !o 0art) an( ATV ) (onKt n""( Po#"r St""rin! Pu&p) +"$au)" of t%"ir )i@" an( #"i!%t. But )o&" of t%" ar!"r ATVK) ar" not +"in! +ui t Po#"r St""rin! +ut t%"y ar" u)ua y " "$tri$ an( t%"r"for" t%" A$$"))ory Loa( i) '"&ini&a . Po#"r St""rin! Pu&p) typi$a y %a'" a o# A$$"))ory Loa( un ")) you a)t""rin! t%" $ar.

Air Condition Compressor

O ("r Air Con(itionin! Co&pr"))or) #"r" a po#"r %o! . T%"y )u$0"( up %or)"po#"ran( )i!nifi$ant y r"(u$" !a) &i "a!" :#%i " t%" air $on(itionin! or ("fro)t"r i) runnin!= N"#"r Air Con(itionin! Co&pr"))or) ar" &u$% &or" "ffi$i"nt. T%" fa$tori") )ay youa$tua y !"t #or)" !a) &i "a!" #it% t%" #in(o#) (o#n :#%i$% in$r"a)") a"ro(yna&i$(ra!= an( t%" AC off t%an #it% t%" #in(o#) up an( t%" AC runnin!. T%at i) #%y &ora$in! '"%i$ ") (o not %a'" air $on(itionin!. T%" A$$"))ory Loa( of a runnin! AirCon(itionin! Co&pr"))or $an +" %i!%.

Cooling Fan

On o ("r $ar) an( tru$0) t%" Coo in! 4an #a) $onn"$t"( to t%" 4an B" t. T%$onfi!uration #a) '"ry in"ffi$i"nt. T%" Coo in! 4an pu ) air t%rou!% t%" a(iator #%t%" '"%i$ " i) not &o'in!. But #%"n t%" '"%i$ " i) &o'in!, t%" n""( for a Coo in! 4anr"(u$"(. In t%" at" 3K) t%" C ut$%"( 4an $a&" into p ay an( r"(u$"( t%" (raa o#in! t%" 4an to ) ip at %i!%"r "n!in" PM. T%" 4 " 4an %a) + a(") #%i$% %i!%"r PM, ta0in! ")) +it" out of t%" air a %i!%"r PM. T%"ir (ra! i) a )o r"(u$


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%i!%"r PM. An( no# &o)t '"%i$ ") u)" E "$tri$ 4an) t%at on y $o&" on #%"n n"" +"in! t%" &o)t "ffi$i"nt.

1/. HEATJE E44ECTS ON 4UEL E44ICIENCY

H%"n itK) $o ( t%" &otor ta0") &or" "n"r!y to #ar&) up.F ")) fu" "ffi$i"n$y

1 . INTE P ETATION O4 OLLING ESISTANCE AND AE ODYNAMICSCJA T.

o in! r")i)tan$" : => T%i) ("p"n() &ain y upon t%" natur" of t%" !roun(, t%" tu)"(, t%" #"i!%t of t%" '"%i$ ", an( to a "))"r " t"nt, t%" )p""( :t%" a)t 'ariationu)ua y i!nor"(=.

Air r")i)tan$" :A => Air r")i)tan$" :#in( r")i)tan$"= ("p"n() upon t%" )i@" an( )%ap"

t%" '"%i$ " ? it) ("!r"" of )tr"a& inin!- an( in$r"a)") appro i&at" y a) t%" )8uar" of t%)p""( t%rou!% t%" air

T%"r" ar" t#o )our$") of r")i)tan$" t%at an at% "t" "n$ount"r) #%"n pu)%in! a $%ai"'" !roun(> ro in! r")i)tan$" :fro& t%" tir") on t%" !roun(= an( air r")i)tan

:a"ro(yna&i$ (ra!=. o in! r")i)tan$" i) &or" i&portant at o# )p""() an( i) r"(u$"( +y u)in! %i!% pr"))ur" tir"). Air r")i)tan$" i) &or" i&portant at %i!% )p""(). T%" $% +" o# )%o#) t%" r" ati'" i&portan$" of ro in! r")i)tan$" an( air r")i)tan$" for 'aryin#%"" $%air )p""(). At typi$a ra$" )p""() of 16-17 &p%, air r")i)tan$" &a0") up a+out

9 of t%" tota r")i)ti'" for$" on t%" $%air, )o t%" ar!")t !ain) $an +" &a(" +y r"(u$i

(ra!.

1


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• )0in fri$tion,

• int"rf"r"n$" (ra!,

• ift-in(u$"( (ra!, an(

• #a'" (ra! :a"ro(yna&i$)= or#a'" r")i)tan$" :)%ip %y(ro(yna&i$)=.

19. O+)"r'ation of #at"r (rop "t) on a '"%i$ " )urfa$" (urin! a&inar an( tur+u "nt f o:T" t=

16. Co&&on an( a('an$"( a t"rnati'" '"%i$ " fu" ) :T" t=1 . Typ") an( $%ara$t"ri)ti$) of po#"r train :S"" T" t an( Manua *Auto&ati$*CV

Tran)&i))ion)=In a&otor '"%i$ ", t%" t"r& po#"rtrain or po#"rp ant (")$ri+") t%" &ain $o&pon"nt)

t%at !"n"rat" po#"r an( (" i'"r it to t%" roa( )urfa$", #at"r, or air. T%i) in$ u(")t%""n!in", tran)&i))ion, (ri'" )%aft), (iff"r"ntia ), an( t%" fina (ri'". So&"ti&")po#"rtrain i) u)"( to r"f"r to )i&p y t%" "n!in" an( tran)&i))ion, in$ u(in! t%" ot%

$o&pon"nt) on y if t%"y ar" int"!ra to t%" tran)&i))ion.

A tran)&i))ion i) a &a$%in" t%at $on)i)t) of a po#"r )our$" an( a po#"r tran)&i))ion)y)t"&, #%i$% pro'i(") $ontro "( app i$ation of t%" po#"r. Oft"n t%" t"r& tran)&i))r"f"r) )i&p y to t%" !"ar+o t%at u)") !"ar) an( !"ar train) to pro'i(" )p""( an( tor8u"$on'"r)ion) fro& a rotatin! po#"r )our$" to anot%"r ("'i$".

MANUALT%" &ain (iff"r"n$" in op"ratin! a $ar #it% a )ti$0 )%ift '). on" #it% auto&ati$tran)&i))ion i) t%at you n""( to )%ift !"ar) +a)"( on t%" '"%i$ " ) )p""( an( t%i) r"8uirt%" u)" of t%" $ ut$% p"(a an( t%" !"ar )%ift :)ti$0=. H%"n t%" $ ut$% p"(a i) ("t%" $ ut$% i) (i)"n!a!"( - t%" "n!in" an( t%" tran)&i))ion i) )"parat"(. G"ar) $an +)" "$t"( at t%i) ti&" or t%" $ar $an +" )topp"( #it%out )ta in!.

AUTOMATICCon'"ntiona auto&ati$ tran)&i))ion) u)" a )"t of !"ar) t%at pro'i(") a !i'"n nu&+"r of ratio) :or )p""()=. T%" tran)&i))ion )%ift) !"ar) to pro'i(" t%" &o)t appropriat" ratio for a!i'"n )ituation> Lo#")t !"ar) for )tartin! out, &i(( " !"ar) for a$$" "ration an( pa))in!,an( %i!%"r !"ar) for fu" -"ffi$i"nt $rui)in!.

CVT FCONTINUOUSLY VA IABLE T ANSMISSION

T%" CVT r"p a$") t%" !"ar) #it% t#o 'aria+ "-(ia&"t"r pu "y), "a$% )%ap"( i0" aof oppo)in! $on"), #it% a &"ta +" t or $%ain runnin! +"t#""n t%"&. On" pu "

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitic_drag#Skin_frictionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitic_drag#Interference_draghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift-induced_draghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_draghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave-making_resistancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehiclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_shafthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_(mechanics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitic_drag#Skin_frictionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitic_drag#Interference_draghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift-induced_draghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_draghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave-making_resistancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehiclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_shafthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_(mechanics)


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$onn"$t"( to t%" "n!in" :input )%aft= an( t%" ot%"r to t%" (ri'" #%"" ) :output )%aft=.%a '") of "a$% pu "y ar" &o'a+ "; a) t%" pu "y %a '") $o&" $ o)"r to!"t%"r t%for$"( to ri(" %i!%"r on t%" pu "y, "ff"$ti'" y &a0in! t%" pu "y ) (ia&"t"r ar!"r.

1 . En!in" Bra0" Sp"$ifi$ 4u" E$ono&y '). Loa(*MEP :T" t=

Bra0" )p"$ifi$ fu" $on)u&ption :BS4C= i) a &"a)ur" of t%" fu" "ffi$i"n$y of any pri&"&o'"r t%at +urn) fu" an( pro(u$") rotationa , or )%aft, po#"r. It i) typi$a y u)"( f$o&parin! t%" "ffi$i"n$y ofint"rna $o&+u)tion "n!in") #it% a )%aft output.

It i) t%" rat" offu" $on)u&ption (i'i("( +y t%" po#"r pro(u$"(. It &ay a )o +" t%ou!%tof a) po#"r-)p"$ifi$fu" $on)u&ption, for t%i) r"a)on. BS4C a o#) t%" fu" "ffi$i"n$y(iff"r"nt "n!in") to +" (ir"$t y $o&par"(.

17. "!"n"rati'" Bra0in! :T" t*Di)$u))ion=

A r"!"n"rati'" +ra0" i) an "n"r!y r"$o'"ry &"$%ani)& #%i$% ) o#) a '"%i$ " or o+ " +y $on'"rtin! it) 0in"ti$ "n"r!y into a for& #%i$% $an +" "it%"r u)"( i&&"(iat" y o)tor"( unti n""("(. T%i) $ontra)t) #it% $on'"ntiona +ra0in! )y)t"&), #%"r" t%" " $"0in"ti$ "n"r!y i) $on'"rt"( to un#ant"( an( #a)t"( %"at +y fri$tion in t%" +ra0"). Ina((ition to i&pro'in! t%" o'"ra "ffi$i"n$y of t%" '"%i$ ", r"!"n"ration $an !r"at" t"n( t%" if" of t%" +ra0in! )y)t"& a) it) part) (o not #"ar a) 8ui$0 y.

/3. N"# Con)u&"rQ :T" t=

T%"y ar" $on$"rn"( a+out po ution an( $on)u&ption +ut t%"y (onKt #ant to $%an!" if" )ty " t%"y #ant $%an!") fro& t%" &anufa$tur"), i0" a %i!% &i "a!" $ar #it%

po ution an( &or" "ffi$i"nt.

/1. Tr"n() in pri'at" '"%i$ " a'ai a+i ity tr"n( :Di)$u))ion*T" t*O+)"r'ation=//. Pr"f"r"n$") in $%oi$" of '"%i$ " "pu+ i$an '). D"&o$rat :Auto&oti'" N"#)=

Si!n) Your Car i) a "pu+ i$an 1. It ) any +ran( of pi$0up/. It ) a 4or(

. It ) a C%"'y


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1. It ) any +ran( of %at$%+a$0 /. It ) a Vo 0)#a!"n

. It ) a Su+aru


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nationK) "$ono&y. T%" /1)t C"ntury Tru$0 Pro!ra& #a) announ$"( on Apri /1, /333, ino&u u), Mi$%i!an, at a !at%"rin! of U.S. tru$0 an( )upportin! in(u)tri"), $on$"rn"(

"n'iron&"nta i)t), an( f"("ra a!"n$y r"pr")"ntati'"). T%" pro!ra&K) !oa ) an( r")"ar$%o+ "$ti'") ar" to

R i&pro'" fu" "ffi$i"n$y,R r"(u$" "&i))ion),

R "n%an$" )af"ty,

R r"(u$" tota o#nin! an( op"ratin! $o)t), an(

R &aintain or "n%an$" p"rfor&an$".

Ma0in! pro!r")) in "a$% of t%")" !oa ) )i&u tan"ou) y i) a &a or $%a "n!". T%" f!o'"rn&"nt an( t%" tru$0in! an( )upportin! in(u)tri") #i #or0 a$ti'" y to!"t%"r to("'" op a +a an$"( portfo io of r")"ar$% ai&"( at a$%i"'in! a t%")" !oa ), $oor(int%"ir r")"ar$% a$ti'iti") a) appropriat", an( &a0" "ff"$ti'" u)" of t%" nationK) r")"ar$uni'"r)iti") an( nationa a+oratori"). Propri"tary r")"ar$% a!r""&"nt) +"t#""nin(i'i(ua $o&pani") an( f"("ra a!"n$i"), #%i$% $annot +" )%ar"( #it% in(u)tria$o&p"titor), #i $ontinu" to +" appropriat" y fun("(.


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pr"$i)" $ontro of air-fu" ratio n"ar )toi$%io&"try. Jo#"'"r, +"$au)" (i")" "n!in")op"rat" un("r "an-fu" $on(ition) :i."., " $")) o y!"n=, $on'"ntiona $ata y)t) ar" n"ff"$ti'"; t%"r"for" n"# approa$%") to NO $ontro ar" r"8uir"(. T%" &o)t pro&i)in NO "&i))ion $ontro t"$%no o!i") in$ u(" t%" fo o#in!> R NO a()or+"r-$ata)" "$ti'" $ata yti$ r"(u$tion :SC = )y)t"&) u)in! ur"a,


11/11

+ut a )&a t%r""-#%"" "r #on t &""t t%" n""() of a ar!" fa&i y #it% a ot of p"op " or %au .

On" of t%" &ain pro+ "&) #it% t%r""-#%"" $ar) i) in)ta+i ity. Anyon" #%o ) "'"r ri((

tri$y$ " 0no#) %o# "a)i y t%"y $an tip o'"r.

6. Typi$a p a$") #%"r" Air ua ity (o") not attain AA S :H"+*Di)$u))ion*T" t=

T%" DOE "ffort to r"(u$" tru$0 a"ro(yna&i$ (ra!

study guide automobile in society s 16

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