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Study of Best Practices for the
Solid Waste Management System
City of Winston-Salem and Forsyth
County Utilities Commission
Presentation to County Commission
February 3, 2011
1
Study Objective
• Organizational Structure
• Funding
• PoliciesGovernance
• Recycling
• Collection
• Disposal
• C&D Management
Operations
To evaluate and recommend "best practices” for solid waste management in Winston-Salem and Forsyth County
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Scope of Study
Research current
practices and gather input
on challenges and needs
Identify and evaluate “best practices” to
meet challenges and
needs
Select best practices and combine into solid waste
management systems
Evaluate how each system
meets challenges and
needs
Recommend approach
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Key Challenges Identified
• Develop sustainable funding for disposal facilities
• Develop sustainable funding for non-disposal programs
• Enable the entity that pays for solid waste activity to determine the level and cost of service
• Clearly delineate responsibilities among entities managing solid waste
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Key Challenges Identified (cont’)
• Offer consistent level of service county-wide in a way that results in reduced costs due to economies of scale
• Ensure sufficient disposal capacity
• Consistently evaluate alternative solid waste technology
• Achieve state/local waste reduction goals and requirements
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Summary of Needs
Organizational Structure
Need to clearly define responsibility for all solid waste management facilities and services
Need to enable entity that pays for facilities and services to select level and cost of service
Funding
Need sustainable funding source for disposal facilities
Need sustainable funding source for non-disposal programs
Need to enable entity that provides facilities and services to be able to raise revenue to cover full cost
Strategic Planning
Need to update solid waste management plans in an integrated way that incorporates current issues
Need to identify and prioritize waste reduction goals and implement the strategies to achieve them
Need to evaluate new technologies in a consistent and proactive way that meets local criteria
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Best Practices Considered
OrganizationalStructure
Local governments
manage
CCUC oversight
Solid Waste Authority
Funding
Long-term contracts
Property taxes
Assessments
Service specific user
fees
Recycling
Franchisees offer curbside
collection
Require or incentivize commercial
recycling
City collects curbside
Single stream processing/
transfer
Policies
Flow control ordinance
Flow control in franchise
agreements
Evaluate consistency of
proposed facilities
FutureDisposal
Alternative technology evaluation
Transfer to disposal facility
Collection
Universal residential collection
Franchise commercial collection
C&D Mgt.
Mandatory separation,
disposal ban
Mandatory diversion rate, builder SWM
plans
Require processing
prior to disposal
Green building standards
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Organizational Structure in Solid Waste Systems Evaluated
System 1 System 2 System 3
Each local government
implements and pays for
own facilities and services
CCUC oversees solid waste
management, providing county-
wide services where appropriate
and setting guidelines for services
provided by others
Solid Waste Management
Authority provides services
County-wide through its
own forces or contracts
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Funding in Solid Waste Systems Evaluated
System 1 System 2 System 3
City collects tipping fees for
landfill costs
CCUC collects tipping fees for landfill
costs
Authority collects tipping fees for
landfill costs
City and County collect
revenue for non-landfill
related services
CCUC pays for non-landfill related
services that it provides through
contribution by participating
governments
Authority collects franchise fees,
assess property owners, collects
contribution from participating
local governments to cover all cost
of non-landfill related services
City and County can jointly
fund services through inter-
local agreements
City and County approve CCUC budget
and raise and transfer funds to CCUC
for non-landfill related activities
provided by CCUC
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Policies in Solid Waste Systems Evaluated
System 1 System 2 System 3
City and County develop policies to ensure proposed solid
waste facility are consistent with plans
Authority develops procedure to
evaluate consistency of proposed solid
waste facilities with plans and City and
County consider Authority evaluation
before approving
City and County institute
policies needed to manage
solid waste according to
their own solid waste
management plans (such as
franchising commercial
collection or flow control)
City and County pass flow
control or other ordinances as
needed to support CCUC
solid waste management
plans
City and County pass flow control or
other ordinances as needed to support
Authority solid waste management
plans
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Planning in Solid Waste Systems Evaluated
System 1 System 2 System 3
Local governments appoint
members to a CCUC advisory that
will oversee development and
implementation of plan
Authority creates an advisory
committee that will oversee
development and implementation
of plan
City and County develop
separate or joint strategic
SWMPs, establishing waste
reduction goals and policies,
action plan, and funding
approach
CCUC develops strategic SWMPs,
establishing waste reduction goals,
action plan, and funding approach
Authority develops strategic
SWMPs, establishing waste
reduction goals, action plan, and
funding approach
Local governments adopt plan and
pass ordinances and implement
programs as identified in the plan
Local governments adopt plan and
pass ordinances and implement
programs as identified in the plan
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Recycling in Solid Waste Systems Evaluated
System 1 System 2 System 3
Local governments determine
the materials, frequency,
location of collection and
processing of recyclables
CCUC develops recycling goals and
implementation strategy in strategic
solid waste management plan. Local
governments follow CCUC guidelines in their programs
Authority develops recycling
goals and implementation
strategy in strategic solid waste
management plan
County requires franchisees to collect recyclables from residential
customers
Authority franchises/contracts for
collection of recyclables from all
residents and businesses
City collects/contracts for collection and processing of residential
recyclables
Authority contracts or develops
facility for processing
Businesses make their own
arrangements for recycling
CCUC enters into exclusive franchise
agreements for collection of
recyclables from businesses
Local governments require
generating businesses to sort
out specified recyclables
materials for Authority
franchisee
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Collection in Solid Waste Systems Evaluated
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System 1 System 2 System 3
City collects residential waste Authority franchises, contracts
or enters into inter-local
agreements for collection of
solid waste and recyclables
from all residents and
businesses
County residential franchisees
collect waste and recyclables
from residents that want service
County residential franchisees
collect waste and recyclables from
all residents
Businesses continue to arrange
for their own solid waste
collection but must be offered
certain level of recycling service
CCUC enters into exclusive
franchise agreements for collection
of solid waste and recyclables from
businesses throughout County
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Disposal in Solid Waste Systems Evaluated
System 1 System 2 System 3
City owns and operates
landfill
City owns and CCUC operates
landfill
Authority owns and operates landfill
Local governments jointly or
independently secure future
disposal capacity and develop
and finance facilities
CCUC secures future disposal
capacity for members and
develop facilities, financed by
local governments
Authority secures future disposal
capacity for members and develops
and finances facilities as needed
Local governments determine
whether to pursue alternative
technology and if so, develop
criteria, issue solicitation,
negotiate contract, and make
necessary commitments
CCUC determines whether to
pursue alternative technology and
if so, develop criteria, issue
solicitation and negotiate contract
City and County vote to approve
contract, including signing on to
commitments
Authority determines whether to
pursue alternative technology and if
so, develop criteria, issue
solicitation and negotiate contract.
Authority signs contracts and enters
into agreements for waste delivery,
financing, as needed
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Potential of Systems to Meet Needs
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System 1 System 2 System 3
Organizational Structure
Need to clearly define responsibility for all solid waste management
facilities and services
XXX XX XXX
Need to enable entity that pays for facilities and services to select level of
service
XXX XXX XXX
Funding
Need sustainable funding source for disposal facilities X XX XXX
Need sustainable funding source for non-disposal programs XX XXX XXXNeed to enable entity that provides facilities and services to be able to
raise revenue to cover full cost
XX XX XXX
Strategic Planning
Need to update solid waste management plans in an integrated way that
incorporates current issues
XX XXX XXX
Need to identify and prioritize waste reduction goals and implement the
strategies to achieve them
XX XXX XXX
Need to evaluate new technologies in a consistent and proactive way that
meets local criteria
X XXX XXX
XXX Achieves in a comprehensive way XX Has the potential to achieve X Unlikely to fully achieve
Recommended Implementation Approach
• Transition to CCUC oversight of all solid waste management activities in the next 1-5 years
• CCUC collects fees from participating local governments for all services/activities that are not covered by tipping fee
• Transition to Solid Waste Management Authority in years 5-10 to finance, own and operate solid waste facilities and oversee services, motivated by need for financing
• Consider participation by other counties in Authority
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Key Implementation Steps: Policy
Activity
Short Term
(1-5 years)
Long-Term
(5-10 years)
Create permanent solid waste advisory committee to advise on
strategic plan
CCUC SWA
Develop/update strategic plan including detailed implementation
steps to achieve waste reduction goal in 2009 plan or new goal and
get approval from all participating local governments
CCUC SWA
Require all collectors of residential or commercial solid waste to
also collect specified recyclables
Local governments
Require that proposed solid waste facilities sited or expanded
within jurisdiction be consistent with strategic plan
Local governments
Pass flow control ordinances as needed to support landfill
operations
Local governments
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Key Implementation Steps: Collection and Recycling
Activity
Short Term
(1-5 years)
Long-Term
(5-10 years)
Establish guidelines for collection of solid waste and recyclables from
residents and businesses throughout the County
CCUC SWA
Collect (or arrange for collection) of solid waste, yard waste, and
recyclables from residents per guidelines established by CCUC
Local gov’ts SWA (local
gov’ts opt in
or out)
Establish franchises for solid waste and recyclable collection from
businesses throughout County
CCUC SWA
Based on evaluation of existing infrastructure and costs, develop
processing capacity for recyclables or contract with private facility to
provide
CCUC SWA
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Key Implementation Steps: Disposal
Activity
Short Term
(1-5 years)
Long-Term
(5-10 years)
Operate Hanes Mill Road and Salisbury Road landfills until full CCUC SWA
Enter into long-term agreements with local governments and private
haulers to deliver municipal solid waste to landfill
CCUC SWA
Site, permit, and develop new landfill when Hanes Mill Road closes
and/or negotiate for disposal capacity and develop transfer station
as needed
CCUC SWA
Determine whether to pursue alternative technology. If and when it
is in the best interest of the local government to pursue, develop
evaluation criteria , issue solicitation, and negotiate contract
CCUC with
City/County
approval
SWA
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Summary of Results
• City and County could benefit from a more integrated solid waste management system
• Funding sources need to be more sustainable
• Recommend transition to increased collaboration among local governments– Move to CCUC oversight of integrated system in short term
– Move to Solid Waste Management Authority in long term with ability to finance, own and operate facilities
• Pace and specifics of process should be guided by advisory committee of participating local governments and other stakeholders
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Contact Information
Abby Goldsmith, Senior DirectorR. W. Beck, Inc.(404) 870-9098
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