MEENAKSHI DAYAL Electrical Engineering 1010420008 K.N.I.T, Sultanpur.

MEENAKSHI DAYALElectrical Engineering1010420029K.N.I.T, Sultanpur.

STUDY OF COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANTOVERVIEWComparison of power generation by sourceAbout UPRVUNLMajjor thermal power projects under UPRVUNLAbout PTPSGenerating units at PTPSLayout of thermal power plantVarious divisions of PTPSWater Treatment PlantCoal Handling PlantControl And Instrumentation Division

COMPARISON OF POWER GENERATION BY SOURCE

ABOUT UPRVUNLUPRVUNL is wholly owned state thermal power utility with present generating capacity of 4683 MW, operating 5 Thermal Power Stations within Uttar Pradesh.Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Limited (UPRVUNL) was constituted on dated 25.08.1980 under the Companies' Act 1956 for construction of new thermal power projects in the state sector.MAJOR THERMAL POWER PROJECTS UNDER UPRVUNLNAME OF POWER STATION INSTALLED CAPACITY DERATED CAPACITY TOTAL CAPACITY ANPARA,SONEBHADRA 3X210 MW2X500 MW 3X210 MW=630MW2X500 MW=1000MW1630 MW OBRA,SONEBHADRA 2X50 MW2X100 MW5X200 MW 2X50 MW=100MW2X94 MW=188 MW 5X200 MW=1000 MW1288 MW PANKI,KANPUR 2X110 MW 2X105 MW210 MW PARICHA,JHANSI 2X110 MW2X210 MW2X250 MW 2X110 MW=220 MW2X210 MW=420 MW2X250 MW=500 MW1140 MW HARDUAGANJ,ALIGARH 1X60 MW1X110 MW1X250 MW 1X60 MW=60 MW1X105 MW=105 MW1X250 MW=250 MW415 MW TOTAL UPRVUNL GENERATION CAPACITY 4683 MW ABOUT PTPSPlant Location:It is in district Kanpur about 15 km from Kanpur railway station on Kalpi road.All the units of this station are coal fired thermal power plants, having a total generating capacity of 210 MW and consists of following units.S No.RAW MATERIALSOURCE1WaterLower Ganga Canal2CoalJharia Mines Of Coal India Ltd3Petroleum productsIndian Oil Corporation LtdGenerating Units At Panki Thermal Power Station:

StageUnits No.Installed CapacityDerated CapacityOriginal Equipment Manufacturers10132 MWDELETED0232 MWDELETEDII03110 MW105 MWM/s Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited.04110 MW105 MWM/s Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited.Layout of Thermal Power Plant:

Various Divisions PTPSWater Treatment Plant (WTP)Coal Handling Division (CHD)Turbine Maintenance Division (TMDElectrical Maintenance Division (EMD)Control and Instrumentation Division (C & I) Civil Maintenance DivisionOperation General Division (OG 1) Operation General Division (OG 2)Store and Purchase DivisionTransportation Division

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WATER TREATMENT PLANT Water from canal cant be directly used in boiler for thermal electricity generation. Water is converted into steam at high pressure & this steam forces the turbine to rotate. The mechanical energy of turbine is converted into electrical energy and hence the electricity is generated. Therefore water is the basic requirement to the thermal power plant. Necessity of Water Treatment:-Natural water contains solid ,liquid & gaseous impurities and therefore cannot be used for generation of steam in the boiler. So the impurities should be removed before its used for generation of steam.Diagram of W.T.P at PTPS

EQUIPMENTS USED

Flocculator Plant: Here alum ,bleaching powder and limestone are added to remove temporary hardness and heavier particles.Sand Filter: remove other suspended particles, if any.Activated Carbon Filter: for removal of bacteria and organic material. It uses anthracite (coal) for filter.Degasser: Here gasses like CO2, O2 & H2 are removed.Cation Exchanger :ions are absorbed by an ion exchanger method. HCl & resin(-) are the principle ingredient of chemical filters present here. Water becomes acidic due to addition of H+ ion.Anion Exchanger:- (-)ions are absorbed carefully by formulated rasins (+).Mixed Ion Exchanger:-Here remaining (-)ions are extracted, through rasin.

COAL HANDLING PLANTCrusher House:-After hand picking foreign material, coal is transported to the crush house by conveyor belts where it is crushed to small pieces of about 20 mm diameter. The crushed coal is then transported to the store yard. Coal is transported to bowl mills by coal feeders.Ball Mill: Coal is grounded to a powder form. Coal is crushed by the crushing actions between the rollers and rotating tables.PULVERIZER: The coal is next pulverized into a very fine powder, so that coal will undergo complete combustion during combustion process. Dryers: used in order to remove the excess moisture from coal as the presence of moisture will result in fall in efficiency due to incomplete combustion and also result in COemission. Magnetic separators: remove the unwanted iron particles which may result in wear and tear. Finally coal is transferred to the storage siteSTORAGELive Storage (boiler room storage):Storage from which coal may be withdrawn to supply combustion equipment with little or no remanding is live storage.It consists of about 24 to 30 hrs. of coal requirements of the plant.provided with bunkers & coal bins. Bunkers have enough capacity to store the requisite of coal. From bunkers coal is transferred to the boiler grates.Dead storage:-stored for future use. Mainly it is for longer period of time, and it is also mandatory to keep a backup of fuel for specified amount of days depending on the reputation of the company and its connectivity.

WORKING OF CHP

INDUCED DRAFT FANFORCED DRAFT FANCHIMNEY STACKCOAL CONVEYORCOAL HOPPERPRECIPITATOR15Pulverized coal-fired boilerIt is a boilerthat generatesthermal energyby burningpulverized (powdered)coal.Whole volume of thefurnace is used for the combustion of solid fuels.How it works:coal is made fine enough so that it burns easily and efficiently. Feeding rate of coal is controlled by computers. Pieces of coal are fed into the pulverizer along with air heated to about 650 degrees F from the boiler.Powdered coal from the pulverizer is directly blown to a burner in the boiler. The burner mixes the powdered coal in the air suspension with additional pre-heated combustion air and forces it out of a nozzle.

CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION

This is the backbone of a thermal power plant. Various parameters in various auxiliaries are controlled from here. The equipments are very sensitive and can even pick up minute disturbances. Automatic control compares the actual value of the plant output with the desired value, determines the deviation and produces control signal which will reduce the deviation to zero or a small value.VARIOUS INSTRUMENTSBoiler Drum: The light continuously indicates the boiler drum steam and water level. When the level goes in the danger region, an alarm is activated.Feeding Desk: On this panel the knobs are available for the operations. Steam dust collectors are measured in these stages. The boiler pressure is indicated by corresponding dial. When the boiler steam reaches the super-heated and attains a temperature of 485o C. This steam is released to turbines. A temperature higher than the allowed value is indicated by an alarm. A control panel also indicates pressure in the boiler tube. There is also a coal burner control. For initial firing we require coal temperature of 800-1000o C. The primary air fan controls the pressure of air.Pulverized coal feeding desk: When vapour is fully open, the pulverized coal feeder will start otherwise pipe line will be heated.Furnace draft control desk: by this vacuum and air quantity is maintained quick closing valve are opened.Turbo Supervisory EquipmentsVibration: Vibratory picks up are to pick up the vibrations and then amplified.M.P. Expansion: Differential expansion of stator frame is observed at turbo supervisory equipment because if it is more than the maximum, they break up. Eccentricity: Since the rotor moves at a very high speed of about 2900 rpm to 3000 rpm, due to impinging of steam at high temperature, the expansion of rotor takes place. This is called eccentricity.Bearing Temperature: Bearings are made of those metals, which melt at 100o C. Therefore allowable temperature is 7.5o C. Platinum resistance thermometers are used. The oil pressure is maintained at 35 kg/cm 2 at the header and a pressure of 15.8 kg/cm 2 at ball bearing.

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