Study on Cattle Markets in

Kosovo

(March – April 2004)

Table of Content

Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 3

Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4

General Background ......................................................................................................... 4

Objectives of Study ........................................................................................................... 6

Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 6

Sampling Methodology ..................................................................................................... 7

Results .............................................................................................................................. 9

Assessment of Cattle Markets ......................................................................................9 Farmers’ knowledge....................................................................................................12

Conclusions and Recommendations .............................................................................. 20

Annex 1 ...........................................................................................................................22

Annex II ........................................................................................................................... 38

Study on Cattle Markets in Kosovo

Executive Summary

UBO Creations was assigned by Caritas Switzerland to conduct a market

study on the Kosovo cattle market. The purpose of the study was to gain

more knowledge on factors and quality expectations influence price

mechanism in Kosovo livestock markets. After a first survey conducted in

three different livestock markets (Gllogovc/Drenas; Malisheva; and Prizren )

the second survey assessed farmers’ knowledge on how to fetch better

prices for their animals.

Data analysis shows that farmers see cattle production as a valuable sector

to invest and increase production. High rates of successful transactions at

livestock markets indicate that this sector enjoys good trading conditions and

potential for further growth.

Farmers do have sufficient knowledge on the most important factors

influencing price mechanism and try to profit by planning production

accordingly. However, old-fashioned stables and insufficient financial

resources account as major obstacles to increase production. Farmers’

interest in receiving loans is strongly voiced without ignoring the need for

extension services.

The report cites two major recommendations stated by the farming

community, including increased direct support for farmers and a stronger

coordinated co-operation with Government institutions to effectively improve

the livestock industry.

Introduction

Kosovo’s livestock sector is changing rapidly. These changes require

major adjustments, to the role of institutions which play in supporting

livestock markets so that poverty reduction, environmental

sustainability, and food security can be achieved effectively.

The rehabilitation of animal husbandry has been a primary goal of

Caritas Switzerland. Since 2000 they have imported over 600 heifers

of the Tyrolean Grey Cattle Breed. In 2003 Caritas supported the

establishment and development of a local breeding association, called

“Graufi Breeders Association”. The main purpose of this cooperation is

to support and organize Graufi breeders to improve income generation

with animal husbandry.

Breeding associations must focus on comparative advantages, which

their particular breed has over other breeds so that higher prices may

be fetched at cattle markets. There is little information on factors

influencing price mechanism in Kosovo cattle markets. Neither is it

clear whether farmers have a particular knowledge on how they can

benefit and influence these factors.

This report is the result of a market study assignment, which UBO

Creations received from Caritas Switzerland, with the aim to generate

further know-how on Kosovo cattle markets.

General Background

Agriculture is one of the biggest economic activities in Kosovo. During

1995 it represented 30% of Kosovo’s GDP, or 35% with forestry and

food processing included. It also played an important role regarding

employment. In 1998, 60% of the population was employed in this

sector1.

Over the past decade this sector has undergone profound changes.

Prior to 1990/91, Kosovo’s cattle industry could be clearly defined as

an industry consisting of two sub-sectors: the Government owned

sector, producing at a commercial level comparable to the rest of

Europe; and a peasant private sector based on small herds, producing

mainly for home consumption and sale of surpluses. However, civil

unrest and war had a profound impact on this market, bringing

agricultural production to a standstill in 1999. Across the sector,

access to farm inputs remains limited. Crop and livestock yields are

low. There has been little investment in irrigation infrastructure except

for basic emergency repairs.

The Government owned sector does not operate anymore. In today’s

livestock industry only the private sector functions. Agricultural

production and agro-processing, which contributed significantly to pre-

conflict GDP and employment, suffered more than 50% loss of

livestock and other assets. At least two cropping seasons were lost. 2

The number of livestock dropped as a result of looting, killing and

destruction, which followed the 1999 war.

The rehabilitation of Kosovo’s agriculture after a decade of neglect and

negative effects is therefore a priority for the administration in Kosovo.

However, insufficient reliable data on the rural economy and

agriculture has hampered adequate programming and targeting of

emergency and post emergency interventions and now poses a serious

obstacle. 3

1 http://www.mac.doc.gov/ceebic/kosovo/market/agriculture.htm 2 http://www.usaid.gov/pubs/cbj2002/ee/yu/kosovo_index.html 3 http://www.sok-kosovo.org/pdf/agriculture/Introduction.pdf

Objectives of Study

Due to the lack of information on Kosovo’s cattle markets and price

mechanism which farmers may use for their production, Caritas

Switzerland decided to finance further market research. The first

objective of this study is to get an overview of the cattle market

situation in Kosovo. This study, however, does not cover the entire

Kosovo market, but was undertaken in four municipalities:

Gllogovc/Drenas; Malishevo; Dragash/Sharr and Prizren.

The second objective of the study is to test farmers’ knowledge on how

to fetch higher prices when producing and selling live animals. As

mentioned above, it is unclear whether farmers know how to profit

from factors influencing animal prices at markets. The study looks at

the current price situation, and identifies the main criteria for setting

the price of the cattle and how they influence price level.

A third objective of this research is to collect data on production costs

for cattle production. The survey aims to screen farmers’ situation on

production methods and production costs.

Methodology

To carry out this task UBO Creations chose a quantitative consumer

survey approach. Consumer surveys are tools commonly used to gain

an overview of a particular market or economic sector. Data was

collected using a questionnaire administered through personal

interviews. Respondents were divided into two groups. One group

included market participants (buyers and sellers) whilst the second

one consisted of farmers. The interviews were conducted directly at

their farms. All of the responses can be quantified.

The following topics were covered in the survey:

o Identifying the participant (buyer/seller, farmer,

municipality, number of cattle, etc.)

o Identifying market locations

o Estimation of the number of cattle offered and sold at the

market

o Methods of setting the market price for cattle

o Seasonal effects at the cattle market

o Factors influencing price level for cattle

o Farmers’ plans to expand

o Identifying advantages and barriers for farmers

o Plans and needs for financial instruments

o Use of labour force

Copies of the questionnaires are included as Appendix One.

Sampling Methodology

Since we did not have a list of all livestock sellers, farmers and buyers,

we used random selection criteria to choose our respondents. We

conducted interviews with different sellers, especially with those who

had extensive knowledge on livestock markets.

Our research concentrated in four municipalities: Malisheva,

Gllogovc/Drenas, Prizren and Dragash/Sharr.

Table 1. Structure of Market Participants

Table 1 shows the relative participation of sellers and buyers in each

municipality. From and overall analysis, Prizren has the highest

percentage representation by 64%. Malisheva is represented with 15

% and Gllogovc with 21%.

Farmers interviewed were chosen from three different villages in each

of above municipalities.

Table 2. Structure of interviewed Farmers

Municipality Village Nr. of interviews

Gllogovc Terstenik 3

Llapushink 3

Çikatovë 3

Malishevë Drenoc 3

Banja 3

Pagarush 3

Prizren Korish 3

Reçan 3

Jabllanic 3

Dragash Krusheva 3

Bresan 3

Bellobrad 3

Total 36

Municipalities Buyers Sellers Total

Prizren 28% 72% 100%

Gllogovc 39% 61% 100%

Malisheve 33% 67% 100%

Dragash*

Note 1:* Dragash municipality does not have an organized active livestock

market.

To ensure that all minorities groups of these regions were represented,

we deliberately picked villages that are inhabited by Boshnjak and

Goran farmers. Therefore, we have four municipalities represented at

the equal stake by 25%.

Results

As stated earlier we divided research into two parts: 1) Assessment of

the Cattle Market, and 2) Farmers’ knowledge.

Assessment of Cattle Markets

The cattle markets in all four municipalities had different trading

volumes. Malisheva had the largest market with more than 500 cattle

offered for sale. Prizren also had a big trading volume with more then

300 cattle. The Gllogovc market had a considerable lower volume with

about 100-150 cattle available for sale. Dragash did not have an

organized cattle market.

Assessments revealed that a high percentage of cattle offered are

actually sold. Collected data reveals that Malisheva has a larger rate of

transaction where about 80% of cattle offered are sold. We found that

local breeds (busha) enjoy a high demand with exception of Prizren

where the Simmental breed is preferred.

Figure 1 presents the percentage of cattle sold which were brought to

the market each week.

Figure 1. Percentage of cattle sold

It is interesting to note in all four municipalities that prices of different

animal categories remain on a similar level, with exception of heifers

of foreign breeds (Simmental and Swiss).

An important observation made is that imported heifers fetch a higher

price because farmers expect higher level of milk production. The

Brown Swiss breed in particular seems to be known for producing

more milk.

€ 0.0

€ 0.5

€ 1.0

€ 1.5

€ 2.0

€ 2.5

Domestic Simmental Swiss

Calves

Young Bulls

Heifers

Bulls

Cows

Figure 2. Price of livestock offered in the market

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

100% 120%

Gllogovc Malisheva Prizren

Calves Young Bulls Heifers Bulls Cows

Table 3 shows that an increase of trade occurs during winter and

spring. It is important to note the increase in sales of bulls in winter,

mainly caused by higher meat consumption. More cows are sold in

spring and summer because of the advantage of outside grazing.

Figure 3. Transactions according to the seasons

The main reason for selling/purchasing cattle is meat consumption,

stated by 26% of the respondents. Second most important reason for

selling is the lack of feed especially in winter and spring season. An

important reason for buying cattle in spring is better weather

conditions and the possibility of outside grazing. The least mentioned

reason for selling/purchasing cattle is milk production.

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%

Spring Summer Fall Winter

Milk production

Outside feeding

Lack of feed

Meat consumption

Figure 4. Reasons of cattle sale according to the seasons

0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

Spring Summer Fall Winter

Calves

Young Bulls Heifers

Bulls

Cows

Figure 5 illustrates the priority of factors effecting price determination

for cattle. It is clearly visible that beefiness (corpulence) is the most

frequent response for all types of cattle. The second most important

factor determining price is the weight of animal. Buyers and sellers

pay also close attention to the health condition of the animal, which is

therefore ranked as third most important factor. The age of the animal

another plays a crucial role in price determination. It is interesting to

mention that crucial factors are pregnancy with heifers and

accompanying calves with cows.

0

5

10

15

20

25

Calves Young Bulls

Heifers Bulls Cows

Beefiness Weight Healthy Age

Figure 5. Factors influencing the price of cattle

Farmers’ knowledge

As explained in the chapter on methodology, farmers represent the

second group of the study. The total number of interviewed farmers is

36. Since our research was conduct in the four municipalities Gllogovc,

Malisheve, Prizren and Dragash the interviewed farmers were from

those areas, too.

Table 3. Size and type of cattle owned by farmers

Race Calves Young

bulls

Heifers Bulls Cows

Gllogovc Domestic 47% 50% / 48%

Imported 53% 100% 50% / 52%

TOTAL 100% 100% 100% / 100%

Malisheva Domestic 60% / 29% / 53%

Imported 40% 100% 71% / 47%

TOTAL 100% 100% 100% / 100%

Dragash Domestic 82% 89% 50% / 72%

Imported 18% 11% 50% / 28%

TOTAL 100% 100% 100% / 100%

Prizren Domestic 82% / 100% / 26%

Imported 18% / / / 74%

TOTAL 100% / 100% / 100%

TOTAL Domestic 69% 73% 45% / 53%

Imported 31% 27% 55% / 47%

From the table above we see that farmers in Kosovo predominantly

own local breeds. However, we observed that a reasonable number of

farmers acquired imported cattle, indicating a shift of preference. The

reason for this change is that imported cows have a higher milk

production capacity. For dairy farmers this is one of the most

important factors when selecting a cow. Table 3 clearly shows this

occurrence.

Another issue looked at during our research were farmers’ plans to

increase their production capacity. From the answers we got, most of

them were very positive in this matter. This can be illustrated best

with the following chart.

0%20%40%60%80%

100%120%

Gllogovc Malisheva Dragash Prizren

YesNo

Figure 6. Plans for production increase

Some exception regarding this issue was found with farmers from

Dragash region. Farmers in Dragash, especially from minorities, have

shown signs of hopelessness about future prospects of farming

business in Kosovo.

Production increase was mostly planned to be achieved through an

increase of imported cattle. Table 4 indicates that farmers’ intentions

are obviously very decisive. The overwhelming preference for imported

cattle demonstrates their plans in the best way.

Table 4. Category and origin of cattle planned to be increased

Race Calves Young

bulls

Heifers Bulls Cows

Gllogovc Domestic /

Imported 100% 100% / 100%

Malisheva Domestic / / 6%

Imported 100% 100% / 94%

Dragash Domestic

Imported 100% 100% 100%

Prizren Domestic 11%

Imported 89%

TOTAL Domestic 0% 0% 0% 4%

Improved 100% 100% 100% 96%

There are different ways on how farmers in Kosova sell and purchase

cattle. We analyzed five of them: 1) Livestock Market; 2)

Slaughterhouse; 3) Butcher; 4) Delivery to trader; and 5) Trader at

the farm gate.

The most popular method is trading at the livestock market, was the

most popular one. 83% of the respondents stated that they do the

selling/purchase of their cattle at the livestock market. The second

most popular response was “Trader at the farm gate”, which

represented 58%. This means that interested traders go directly to the

farmer’s gate and buy the animal from them (table 5).

Table 5. Preferred ways of selling/purchasing cattle

Market Slaughterhouse Butcher Farmer sells to trader

Trader at the farm gate

Gllogovc 100% 11% 11% 22% 67%

Malisheva 100% 0% 33% 44% 89%

Dragash 56% 0% 56% 22% 67%

Prizren 78% 11% 0% 0% 11%

TOTAL 83% 6% 25% 22% 58%

Farmers in Dragash and Malisheva are better aware of increasing their

chances to fetch higher prices. Waiting for the right season is the

prefered approach. Achieving optimal animal condition is also shown

to be an important objective used by farmers to get a better price for

their cattle.

Table 6. Approaches used to get a better price

Right

Season Bargain

Optimal animal

condition

Livestock

market

Cooperate with

other farmers

Gllogovc 67% 11% 67% 33% 44%

Malisheva 33% 100% 89% 11% 33%

Dragashi 100% 89% 100% 67% 67%

Prizreni 22% 11% 22% 22% 22%

TOTAL 56% 53% 69% 33% 33%

0%20%40%60%80%

100%

Gllogo

vc

Malish

eva

Draga

sh

Prizre

n

Classical StableModern Stable

Figure 7. Methods of cultivating cattle

From the responses we see that an old fashioned traditional stable is

the most frequent method farmers keep their animals. Data shows

that in Gllogovc region more farmers upgraded their stable than in

other regions surveyed.

0.0%20.0%40.0%60.0%80.0%

100.0%

Feed

Labo

urFo

rce

Fuel

Vet

erin

ary

Ser

vice

s

Oth

er

GllogovcMalishevaDragashiPrizreni

Figure 8. Factors influencing breeding costs (average per year in %)

When we asked farmers to estimate their average costs of feeding and

keeping cattle, we received answers illustrated in the above chart.

Figure 8 shows that feeding expenses are the leading factors effecting

costs of cattle breeding. It is also evident that substantial costs are

associated with labor force. It is interesting to note that costs occurred

from veterinary services range between 4-10%.

Figure 9. Estimation of cash expenses per cattle in Euro

Figure 9 illustrates estimated of average cash expenses per cattle and

year. We see that cows lead the chart with €314.00 per year, followed

by calves with €219.00 per year. The least expensive category to grow

is heifers between six and two years of age.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Hired outside Family Outside and family

Figure 10. Use of labor force on farms

From the above chart we see that farmers use mostly labor force from

their own family to keep their animals.

€0.00

€100.00

€200.00

€300.00

€400.00

Calves Colt Mule Bull Cow

0%20%40%60%80%

100%120%

Gllogo

vc

Malish

eva

Dragas

hi

Prizren

i

Yes No

Figure 11. Farmer’s interest for loan

Figure 11 shows that almost all farmers interviewed expressed interest

in receiving a financial loan.

25%36%

86%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Short-term ( up to 1yr.)

Mid-term (1-3yrs) Long-term (more then 3yrs.)

Figure 12. Type of loan

86% of the farmers interviewed have stated that they are interested in

long-term loans. 36% of them preferred mid-term loans, whilst about

25% of farmers in Dragash expressed interest in a short-term loan.

0%20%40%60%80%

100%

Purchasecows

Purchasefeed

Stable andequipment

Other

Figure 13. Purpose of the requested loan

The main purpose for the loan is previewed for stable and equipment;

followed by the purchase of more cows and cattle feed.

31%

56% 61% 61%

19%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%

Perm

anen

tC

onsu

ltatio

n

Pro

fess

iona

l

Tech

nica

l

Fina

ncia

l

Oth

er

Figure 14. Expected support from the farmers association

When we asked farmers what their expectations are from farmers

associations, 61% of them stated that they expect financial and

technical assistance. 56% of the respondents stated that they would

like to benefit from specific extension services, whilst 31% of them

said they would be interested in benefiting from regular services and

infrastructures.

Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusions

1. Price of the cattle maintained a similar level in all four

municipalities.

2. Imported heifers fetch a higher price because of higher milk

production.

3. More Cattle are sold in winter and spring season

4. Main reason for selling/purchasing is for meat consumption.

5. Beefiness is the most important factor, which determines the

price of the animal, followed by weight as the second factor.

6. The majority of farmers have expressed intentions to increase

production.

7. Production growth is preferably planned with imported breeds.

8. The most popular method to sell/purchase cattle is “livestock

market”, followed by “traders at the farm gate”.

9. A Selling/purchasing of cattle in the right season is the most

frequent approach used by farmers to receive a better price.

10. The majority of farmers keep their animals in the old fashioned

stables.

11. Feeding expenses were mentioned as leading cost factor.

12. Most of the farmers interviewed showed interest for a long term

loan.

13. Preferred purpose of loans is for stable and equipment.

Recommendations

Other than analyzing data, the survey helped to identify benefits

expected by farmers. Based on their answers our recommendations fall

into two groups:

- Increased direct support to farmers

- Stronger cooperation between Governmental institutions

1. Increased direct support to farmers

Farmers’ associations can support members directly by providing them

technical and financial support.

Technical support - includes activities such as: extension services on

working conditions and working methodology. Framers have shown a

low level of technical knowledge of new and efficient ways to cultivate

cattle; therefore it is necessary for and active support to improve this

situation.

Financial support - involves creating access to different financial

instruments, and managing current assets. From the survey it was

clear that farmer’s are eager to increase their capacity. It is essential

to assist them in acquiring better knowledge of the financial

instruments and what are the best possibilities for them.

2. Stronger cooperation between Governmental institutions

Government institutions need to have stronger co-ordinate in order to

provide effective support and improve current infrastructure for

farmers. It is necessary to create a favorable climate for the farmers

to breed cattle in Kosova, as this is one the few sectors that have a

bright future. Farmers have stated that they need continuous

professional assistance, improving the infrastructure and providing

extension services that are crucial for their success.

Annex 1

Table 7. Cost of production per cattle in average per year: (in %)

Calves Young Bulls

Heifers Bulls Cows

Municipality in % in % In % In % in % Gllogovci Feed 91.9 - 94.1 - 92.7 Labor Force 1.8 - - - 1.8 Fuel 1.8 - 2.6 - 1.70 Veterinary

Services 2.9 - 2.7 - 2.90

Other expenses 1.6 - 0.6 - 0.90 Total 100.0 - 100.0 - 100.0Malisheva Feed 69.1 62.2 56.3 62.5 67.2 Labor Force 6.9 0.0 19.9 18.8 14.4 Fuel 6.9 27.6 12.7 6.3 8.7 Veterinary

Services 11.0 5.1 11.1 6.3 9.2

Other expenses 6.1 5.1 - 6.3 0.6 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Dragash Feed 10.9 51.4 83.2 - 73.2 Labor Force 28.7 1.9 5.3 - 9.9 Fuel 30.3 - - - - Veterinary

Services 14.9 - - - -

Other expenses 15.2 46.7 11.6 - 16.90 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 - 100.0Prizren Feed 41.7 - 82.1 - 60.9 Labor Force - - 7.5 - 15.9 Fuel - - 10.4 - 12.20 Veterinary

Services 58.3 - - - 7.20

Other expenses - - - - 3.70 Total 100.0 - 100.0 - 100.0Total Feed 18.9 56.6 74.9 62.5 69.2 Labor Force 25.4 1.0 10.0 18.8 12.4 Fuel 26.9 13.2 5.8 6.3 8.3 Veterinary

Services 15.3 2.4 4.6 6.3 6.2

Other expenses 13.5 26.8 4.7 6.3 3.7 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Table 8. Estimation of number of cattle for sale in a market in a specific market day within municipalities

Calves Young Bulls Heifers Bulls Cows

Municipality Sold Sold Sold Sold Sold

Type of cattle Total Piece In %

Total Piece In %

Total Piece In %

Total Total In %

Total Piece In %

Gllogovci Domestic (busha) 20 20 100 10 10 100 5 5 100 18 6 33.3 25 25 100.0

Simental 48 25 52.1 22 10 45.5 6 4 66.7 13 10 76.9 23 9 39.1

Hollstein

Swiss

Other

Total 68 45 66.2 32 20 62.5 11 9 81.8 31 16 51.6 48 34 70.8 Malisheva Domestic (busha) 22 16 72.7 2 2 100.0 6 5 83.3 6 6 100.0 14 13 56.5

Simental

Hollstein

Swiss

Other 3 2 66.7 2 1 50.0 3 2 66.7

Total 25 18 72.0 4 3 75.0 6 5 83.3 6 6 100.0 17 15 88.2 Prizren Domestic (busha) 24 19 79.2 19 17 89.5 11 10 55.6 10 9 90.0

Simental 37 23 62.2 18 15 83.3 25 20 80.0

Hollstein

Swiss

Other

Total 61 42 68.9 18 15 83.3 19 17 89.5 11 10 55.6 35 29 82.9 Total Domestic (busha) 66 55 83.3 12 12 100.0 11 10 90.9 24 12 66.7 49 47 95.9

Simental 85 48 56.5 40 25 62.5 25 21 84.0 24 20 83.3 48 29 60.4

Hollstein

Swiss

Other 3 2 66.7 2 1 50.0 3 2 66.7

Total 154 105 68.2 54 38 70.4 36 31 86.1 48 32 66.7 100 78 78.0

Table 9. Factors that influence the setting of price, according to the cattle category

Priorities Calves Young Bulls Heifers Bulls Cows

Priority In % Priority In % Priority In % Priority In % Priority In % Domestic 2 1.4 2 1.0 Simental 1 0.7 7 8.4 4 5.1 4 4.3 12 5.9 Hollstein 13 9.0 2 2.4 1 1.3 2 2.2 1 0.5 Swiss 2 1.4 1 1.3 1 1.1 1 0.5 Sex 8 5.6 8 9.6 11 13.9 8 8.7 14 6.9 Age 24 16.7 14 16.9 12 15.2 15 16.3 21 10.4 Weight 26 18.1 17 20.5 10 12.7 20 21.7 15 7.4 Beefiness 32 22.2 19 22.9 17 21.5 17 18.5 23 11.4 Milking cows 1 0.7 1 1.3 1 1.1 36 17.8 Breeding cows 11 13.9 11 5.4 Health 27 18.8 15 18.1 8 10.1 18 19.6 21 10.4 Cows with calve 1 0.7 1 1.1 33 16.3 Cows without calve

7 4.9 1 1.3

Veterinary certificate

1 1.2 2 2.5 5 5.4 11 5.4

Other 1 0.5 TOTAL 144 100.0 83 100.0 79 100.0 92 100.0 202 100.0

Table 10. Number of cows according to the category that interviewed farmer possess

Municipality

Type of cattle Calves Young Bulls Heifers Bulls Cows

nr. % nr. % nr. % nr. % nr. %

Domestic ( busha ) 7 46.7 0 0.0 2 50.0 0 0.0 10 47.6

Imported 8 53.3 1 100.0 2 50.0 0 0.0 11 52.4

Simmental 7 87.5 1 100.0 1 50.0 0 0.0 9 81.8

Holstein 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 9.1

Swiss 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Other 1 12.5 0 0.0 1 50.0 0 0.0 1 9.1

Gllogovc

Total 15 100.0 1 100.0 4 100.0 0 0.0 21 100.0

Domestic ( busha ) 12 60.0 0 0.0 2 28.6 0 0.0 18 52.9

Imported 8 40.0 1 100.0 5 71.4 0 0.0 16 47.1

Simmental 5 62.5 0 0.0 4 80.0 0 0.0 12 75.0

Holstein 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Swiss 3 37.5 1 100.0 1 20.0 0 0.0 4 25.0

Other 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Malishev

Total 20 100.0 1 100.0 7 100.0 0 0.0 34 100.0

Domestic ( busha ) 23 82.1 8 88.9 5 50.0 0 0.0 28 71.8Dragash

Imported 5 17.9 1 11.1 5 50.0 0 0.0 11 28.2

Simmental 2 40.0 1 100.0 5 100.0 0 0.0 6 54.5

Holstein 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 9.1

Swiss 1 20.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 18.2

Other 2 40.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 18.2

Total 28 100.0 9 100.0 10 100.0 0 0.0 39 100.0

Domestic ( busha ) 9 81.8 0 1 100.0 0 0.0 6 26.1

Imported 2 18.2 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 17 73.9

Simmental 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 7 41.2

Holstein 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Swiss 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 7 41.2

Other 2 100.0 0 0 0 0.0 3 17.6

Prizreni

Total 11 100.0 0 1 100.0 0 0.0 23 100.0

Domestic ( busha ) 51 68.9 8 72.7 10 45.5 0 0.0 62 53.0

Imported 23 31.1 3 27.3 12 54.5 0 0.0 55 47.0

Simmental 14 60.9 2 66.7 10 83.3 0 0.0 34 61.8

Holstein 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 3.6

Swiss 4 17.4 1 33.3 1 8.3 0 0.0 13 23.6

Other 5 21.7 0 0.0 1 8.3 0 0.0 6 10.9

TOTALI

Total 74 100.0 11 100.0 22 100.0 0 0.0 117 100.0

Table 11. How do you sell your cows

1. In the market 2.Farmer takes them to slaughterhouse

3.Butcher buys them at the farm

4.Farmer sells them to a trader

5.Trader buys them at the farm

Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No

% % % % % % % % % % Gllogovc

100.0 0.0 11.1 88.9 11.1 88.9 22.2 77.8 66.7 33.3

Malisheva

100.0 0.0 0.0 100 33.3 66.7 44.4 55.6 88.9 11.1

Dragash

55.6 44.4 0.0 100 55.6 44.4 22.2 77.8 66.7 33.3

Prizren

77.8 22.2 11.1 88.9 0.0 100 0.0 100 11.1 88.9

T O T A L I

83.3 16.7 5.6 94.4 25.0 75.0 22.2 77.8 58.3 41.7

Table 12. What kind of support do you expect from farmers

Permanent consultation

Professional Assistance

Technical Assistance

Financial Assistance OTHER

YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO % % % % % % % % % %

Gllogovc 33.3 66.7 77.8 22.2 33.3 66.7 55.6 44.4 0.0 100.0

Malishevë 22.2 77.8 66.7 33.3 77.8 22.2 100.0 0.0 22.2 77.8

Dragash 66.7 33.3 77.8 22.2 55.6 44.4 44.4 55.6 55.6 44.4

Prizren 0.0 100.0 0.0

100 77.8 22.2 44.4 55.6 0.0 100.0

Total 30.6 69.4 55.6 44.4 61.1 38.9 61.1 38.9 19.4 80.6

Annex II

Table 1. Structure of Market Participants............................................................................. 8 Note 1:* Dragash municipality does not have an organized active livestock

market........................................................................................................................................ 8 Table 2. Structure of interviewed Farmers .......................................................................... 8 Figure 1. Percentage of cattle sold ...................................................................................... 10 Figure 2. Price of livestock offered in the market ........................................................... 10 Figure 3. Transactions according to the seasons ............................................................ 11 Figure 4. Reasons of cattle sale according to the seasons......................................... 11 Figure 5. Factors influencing the price of cattle............................................................... 12 Table 3. Size and type of cattle owned by farmers ........................................................ 13 Figure 6. Plans for production increase ............................................................................... 14 Table 4. Category and origin of cattle planned to be increased................................ 14 Table 5. Preferred ways of selling/purchasing cattle ..................................................... 15 Table 6. Approaches used to get a better price ............................................................... 16 Figure 7. Methods of cultivating cattle ................................................................................ 16 Figure 8. Factors influencing breeding costs (average per year in %)................... 16 Figure 9. Estimation of cash expenses per cattle in Euro ............................................ 17 Figure 10. Use of labor force on farms ................................................................................ 17 Figure 11. Farmer’s interest for loan.................................................................................... 18 Figure 13. Purpose of the requested loan .......................................................................... 19 Figure 14. Expected support from the farmers association ....................................... 19 Table 7. Cost of production per cattle in average per year: (in %).......................................... 22 Table 8. Estimation of number of cattle for sale in a market in a specific market day

within municipalities ................................................................................................................. 23 Table 9. Factors that influence the setting of price, according to the cattle category ........... 24 Table 10. Number of cows according to the category that interviewed farmer possess ...... 25 Table 11. How do you sell your cows ........................................................................................... 27 Table 12. What kind of support do you expect from farmers .................................................... 28