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Reza Asgari Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic Properties of Graphene Sheets

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Page 1: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

Reza Asgari

Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic Properties of

Graphene Sheets

Page 2: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

Rise of Graphene: 2004

K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, A. A. Firsov, Science 306, 666 (2004)

Page 3: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

The Intense Interest in Graphene!!!

Statistics of searches on all nature.com websites

http://grapheneindustries.com

Page 4: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

Tight Binding Calculations for Graphene

Page 5: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

At low energiesthere are only twobands – the πbands that arisefrom the weakbonding betweenthe 2pz orbitals.

Low Energy Electronic Structure

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛=⎟⎟

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛−=

00

&0

0I

σσ

α

mpH βα += .Weyl Representation of Dirac equation

Dirac equation

ARPES

S. Reich, J. Maultzsch, C. Thomsen, and P. Ordejon, Phys. Rev. B 66, 035412 (2002)

Page 6: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

Chirality

Helicity:

Page 7: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

1) Breaking of the sub-lattice symmetryDifferent density of particles on the A and B sub-latticesKekule distortion

2) Spin-orbit couplingRashba interactionIntrinsic spin-orbit interactions

3) Finite size effectArmchair Graphene nano-ribbons: Electron confinement Zigzag Graphene nano-ribbons: Edge states

4) …

Graphene, Mind the Gap

Gap/Mass Generation Mechanism:

Page 8: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

Alessandra Lanzara’s group, Nature Material

6, 770 (2007)

Graphene on SiCGap is 0.26 eV

Gap Generating By Sub-lattice Symmetry BreakingExperimental Observation

Page 9: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

Gap Generating By Sub-lattice Symmetry Breakingab initio LDA

S. Kim, J. Ihm, H. J. Choi, and Y. Son, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 176802 (2008)

Graphene on SiC substrateGap is 0.2 eV

Page 10: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

Graphene on Ni(111) substrateGap is 0.9 eV

Gap Generating By Sub-lattice Symmetry BreakingExperimental Observation

A. Gruneis and D. V. Vyalikh, Phys. Rev. B 77, 193401 (2008)

Page 11: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

Gap Generating By Sub-lattice Symmetry BreakingExperimental Observation

G. Li, A. Luican, and Y. Andrei, arXiv:0803.4016

Graphene suspended above graphite substrateGap is 10 meV 

Guohong Li

Eva Y. Andrei

Adina Luican

Rutgers University 

Page 12: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

Gap Generating By Sub-lattice Symmetry Breakingab initio LDA

G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks, P. J. Kelly, and J. van den Brink, Phys. Rev B 76, 073103 (2007)

Since LDA generally underestimates the gap, the values  that we obtain put a lower bound on the induced band gaps.

Graphene on Boron Nitride substrateGap is 53 meV

Page 13: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

Kekule Distortion

Is Similar to the Weyl  Representation of Dirac’s equation

C. Hou, C. Chamon, and C. Mudry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 186809 (2007) 

Page 14: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

Different On-Site Energy on the A and B Sub-Lattices

A. Qaiumzadeh and R. Asgari, Phys Rev. B 79, 075414 (2009)

222 2||)(

vEgEE

Lg F

FFhπ

δρ =−= ∑k

k 22 hπρ m

F =

DOS. at Fermi level for 2DESDOS. at Fermi level for Graphene

A. Qaiumzadeh, F. K. Joibari, and R. Asgari, arXiv:0810:4681, Submitted to PRB

Page 15: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

Quasiparticle Renormalized Velocity

A. Qaiumzadeh, F. K. Joibari, and R. Asgari, arXiv:0810:4681, Submitted to PRB

S. Y. Zhou, D. A. Siegel, A. V. Fedorov, and A. Lanzara, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 086402 (2008)

Page 16: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

Inelastic Carrier Life Time

A. Qaiumzadeh, F. K. Joibari, and R. Asgari, arXiv: 0810.4681, Submitted to PRB

Is equal to the Fermi golden rule

Page 17: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

The Inelastic Mean Free Path

A. Qaiumzadeh, F. K. Joibari, and R. Asgari, arXiv: 0810.4681, Submitted to PRB

Page 18: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

The Band Gap Polarization

A. Qaiumzadeh, and R. Asgari, submitted to New J. Physics

Page 19: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,

The Spectral Function

A. Qaiumzadeh, and R. Asgari, submitted to New J. Physics

Page 20: Sub-Lattice Breaking Symmetry Effects On The Electronic …physics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/16thspring/pdf/qaiumzadeh.pdf · 2011. 9. 27. · G. Giovannetti, P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks,