subdural hematoma by sean stives. what is it? subdural = beneath (visceral to) the dura hematoma = a...
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Subdural HematomaBy Sean Stives
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What is it?
Subdural = beneath (visceral to) the dura Hematoma = a blood clot
Damage caused by increased pressure on the brain Often fatal: 50-90% mortality rate Accounts for 10-20% of traumatic brain injuries Can often accompany a cerebral contusion
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How is it caused?
Rapid acceleration or deceleration of the brain tears the veins around the skull
Brain's inertia competes with the skull's movement like a passenger in a motor vehicle
Puts force on bridging veins that help keep brain in place
If the force becomes too great, the vein tears. Primary mechanisms: whiplash & blunt force
trauma
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Subdural Hematoma
Click Me
Arrow Points to a subdural hematoma on
a CT scan
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Two Types of Subdural Hematomas
Acute Clot is new More common version
Chronic Clot is old Often in patients aged 60+ Brain atrophy causes
shrinkage More space = less pressure Clots are larger but signs
and symptoms show up later
Happen more easily
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Signs and Symptoms
May take hours, days, or weeks for signs and symptoms to show. (Because veins are torn. Not arteries.)
Headache that increases over time Exercise-induced headaches Dizziness, nausea, hearing & visual disturbances,
concentration issues, and unequal pupils Low Glasgow Coma Scale scores
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Treatment & Recovery
True medical emergency Get person to a hospital immediately
Hematoma appears on a CT scan. Usually requires rapid surgical intervention Brain surgery patients' recoveries vary
~20-30% regain some or all brain function young adults, those with a GCS score > 6 or 7, and
those without multiple brain contusions have the best chances at a successful recovery
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What to remember
Caused by a rapid acceleration/deceleration mechanism
Blood clot beneath the dura mater of the cranial cavity
Tears veins around the brain Requires immediate medical attention