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Astronomy Magazine 2013 Index

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SUBJECT INDEX A AAS (American Astronomical Society), 3:13, 5:16, 6:16 Abell 6 (planetary nebula), 12:73 Abell 30 (planetary nebula), 3:13 Abell 36 (planetary nebula), 11:73 Abell 68 (galaxy cluster), 7:74 Abell 399 (galaxy cluster), 3:13 Abell 401 (galaxy cluster), 3:13 air glow, 8:89 Aldrin, Buzz, 6:24–29 Alessi objects, 10:12 Allan Hills A81001 (meteorite), 2:12 ALMA. See Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Alpha Centauri A (star), 6:12 Alpha Centauri Bb (exoplanet), 10:22–24 Alpha Lyrae. See Vega (Alpha Lyrae) (star) Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS), 8:13 Alpha Ursae Minoris (Polaris) (star), 4:9, 9:12 amateur astronomy

40 years of, 8:52–57 inexpensive solar observation, 3:35 observations in spring, 3:14, 50–55 observing color of comets, 3:18 resources for amateur astronomers, 6:65 seeking evidence of ancient stellar remnants, 8:76–79

American Astronomical Society (AAS), 3:13, 5:16, 6:16 AMS (Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer), 8:13 Andromeda Galaxy (M31)

black holes in, 4:17, 10:14 collision with Milky Way, 4:24–29 dwarf galaxies surrounding, 5:13, 6:13 hydrogen gas clouds, 5:18, 9:17 number of stars in, 5:13 search for star clusters, 4:13

Andromeda Project, 4:13 Antares (star), 4:73 Antares rocket, 8:12 antimatter, 8:13 APEX (Atacama Pathfinder Experiment) radio telescope, 11:74 Apollo missions, 6:6 arcminutes and arcseconds, 7:16 Arecibo radio telescope, 12:10 Arp 142 (galaxy pair), 11:11 arXiv website, 10:14 ASKAP (Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder), 2:11 Asterion (constellation), 4:14 asteroid belt, 7:9 Asteroid Terrestrial-Impact Last Alert System, 6:11 asteroids

See also names of specific asteroids defined, 8:12 deflecting oncoming, 2:11


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extinction of dinosaurs and, 6:17 locations of, 3:16 plans to harvest, 5:9 Trojan, 2:11, 5:34, 12:22

astroimaging archive of photographic plates, 9:20 Bernhard Hubl, 4:58–61 camera RAW files, 9:66 combining frames, 5:68 Comet ISON photo contest, 11:9 deconvolution, 6:66, 7:66 Dennis Mammana, 5:56–61 with DSLRs, 12:66 Hydrogen-alpha, 10:60–63 images of letters, numbers and celebrities in photographs, 8:14 layers, 3:66, 4:64 original star color, 8:24 outlier rejection, 5:68 RegiStar, 10:66 replicating Hubble Telescope color palette, 1:62 at star parties, 2:66

astronauts, 6:24–29 astronomers

John Herschel, 4:44–49 Nicolas Louis de la Lacaille, 6:50–53

astronomical sketching See also subjects of sketches by name comets, 12:68 Crab Nebula, 2:68 dark nebulae, 7:68 lunar features, 10:68 M38, 1:66 Messier marathons, 3:68 NGC 1907, 1:66 NGC 2169, 1:66 NGC 3893, 4:66 NGC 3896, 4:66 NGC 6690, 4:66 NGC 6765, 9:68 NGC 7354, 9:68 Orion Nebula, 2:52–55 sources for, 10:16 Sun, 6:68 tips for, 2:54

astronomical unit (AU), updated definition of, 2:12 astronomy

See also amateur astronomy average number of clear days in February by state, 2:17 average number of clear days in August by state, 8:22 average number of clear days in December by state, 12:14 award money, 1:14 color of sky objects, 6:44 DIY funding, 1:26 electromagnetic, 12:10 evolution of in next 40 years, 8:38–43 40 greatest discoveries in, 8:27–31


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40 greatest mysteries of, 8:32–37 funding for, 2:20 heaviest detectable element, 2:50–51 holidays related to, 7:11 mathematics and, 12:24–29 observation of seldom-viewed celestial targets in solar system, 6:58–60 observations in spring, 3:50–55 observing violent objects, 7:56–59 outreach programs, 2:56–59 personal narrative of observational experiences, 9:54–57 personality quiz, 3:11 pranks and mistakes associated with, 4:11 research in China, 3:44–49 terminology used to describe distances, 5:11 testing visual acuity by observing double stars, 8:18 top ten stories of 2012, 1:22–29 up and coming young scientists, 7:44–49 women with degrees in, 12:13

Astronomy magazine 40th anniversary of, 8:58–67 Star Products, 9:58–64

astrophysics, 12:22 astro-tourism (astronomy-related tourism), 6:8 Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)

all antennas linked, 6:6 early star formation, 7:17 evidence of star formation, 8:9 last antenna delivered, 3:13 measurement of gas in star-forming region, 11:12 planet formation, 10:11 strike at, 12:14–15

Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) radio telescope, 11:74 atomic clocks, 5:13, 12:11 AU (astronomical unit), updated definition of, 2:12 aurorae

images of, 6:73 observing, 2:18 zones producing, 12:48–49

Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), 2:11 B B59, B65, B66, B67, and B78 (Pipe Nebula), 4:72 background infrared radiation, 2:16 Barnard 33 (Horsehead Nebula), 9:10, 20 Barnard 68 (molecular cloud), 3:13 Barnard's Loop (Sharpless 2-276), 5:72 barred lenticular galaxies, 4:66, 10:73 barred spiral galaxies, 9:9. See also names of specific barred spiral galaxies Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), 3:13 Beehive Cluster (The Praesepe; M44), 1:13, 11:73 BENNETT (Comet C/1969 Y1), 11:46 BepiColombo mission, 10:14 Beta Pictoris b (gas giant star), 2:11 Betelgeuse (red giant star), 8:16 Big Bang, 5:29


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binary star systems discovered close to Sun, 6:11 habitable planets surrounding, 11:7 pulsar-white dwarf binary system, 8:22 widely separated, 4:13

binocular astronomy choosing binoculars, 5:62–63 observations in spring, 5:64–65 observations in winter, 12:62–63 10 autumn sights, 10:58–59

Binotron-27 binoviewer, 10:64–65 black holes

in Andromeda Galaxy, 4:17, 10:14 apparently dormant, 10:10 conservation of mass and, 12:48 correlation between mass and stellar content of host galaxy, 9:34 cosmic infrared background and, 10:10 disk-to-center mass ratio, 3:12 dust blown from, 10:11 dynamics of gas around, 5:13 effect on photons, 8:68 growth and feeding rates, 6:11 hot spots around, 5:16 jets of high-energy radiation, 1:24–25 measurement of spin, 6:11 in Milky Way, 2:7, 16, 9:13, 12:9, 11 observed consuming object, 8:21 original hypothesis regarding, 3:9 prevalence of, 3:9 red dwarf orbiting, 7:13 in Seyfert galaxy, 8:10 size of if formed from planets, 7:20 star orbiting, 2:20 supermassive, 2:7 symmetrical jets, 4:12 two at center of globular cluster, 2:10

blazars, 3:17 blue flash, 8:68 Bode's Galaxy (M81), 5:73 bolides

defined, 8:12 image of, 8:88

Borthakur, Sanchayeeta, 9:20 BOSS (Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey), 3:13 BRITE (BRIght Target Explorers) telescopes, 6:11 brown dwarfs, 6:11 Bubble Nebula (NGC 7635), 4:10 Bullock, James, 11:16 C Caldwell 7 (NGC 2403) (spiral galaxy), 6:73 Caldwell 22 (NGC 7662) (planetary nebula), 3:73 California Nebula (NGC 1499), 4:72 Canes Venatici (constellation), 4:14 Canon EOS 60Da digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera, 1:60–61


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Canopus (star), 9:12 Carina Nebula (NGC 3372), 4:74 Carollo, Marcella, 12:22 Carson, Joseph, 4:16 Cassini spacecraft

effects of massive storm, 2:12 hurricane in atmosphere of Saturn, 8:23 image of Earth, 11:13 river system on Titan, 4:22

Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae (CGPN), 6:46–49 Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC 6543), 2:73 Cat's Paw Nebula (NGC 6334), 1:73, 10:7 CDM (cold dark matter) theory, 9:44–49 Celestron

behind the scenes at, 12:50–55 Nightscape CCD camera, 4:62–63

Ceres (dwarf planet) distance from Sun, 3:16 observing, 1:62

Chamaeleon (constellation), 6:73 Chandra X-ray Observatory

black holes in Andromeda Galaxy, 10:14 exoplanet blocking X-rays of parent star, 11:12 merging spiral galaxies, 8:13 reasons for imaging planetary nebulae, 2:20 X-rays from young stars outside Milky Way, 9:74

Chara (constellation), 4:14 Charon (moon of Pluto), 2:74 Cheops (CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite) mission, 2:16 China, astronomical research in, 3:46–47 Cigar Galaxy (M82), 5:73 CLASH (Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey with Hubble), 3:13 Clavius Crater (feature on Moon), 2:72 cloudbows, 2:14 CMB. See cosmic microwave background (CMB) CMEs. See coronal mass ejections (CMEs) cold dark matter (CDM) theory, 9:44–49 Comet 1P/Halley, 2:44–49 Comet 2P/Encke, 10:52 Comet C/168P (HERGENROTHER), 1:73, 3:73 Comet C/1965 S1 (IKEYA-SEKI), 11:47 Comet C/1969 Y1 (BENNETT), 11:46 Comet C/1995 O1 (HALE-BOPP)

color of, 3:18 frost layer, 3:15 overview of, 11:47

Comet C/2001 Q2 (NEAT), 11:47 Comet C/2002 V1 (NEAT), 11:46 Comet C/2006 P1 (MCNAUGHT), 11:46 Comet C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)

brightness of, 1:9, 12 color of, 3:18 images of, 6:72, 9:52–53, 10:72 path taken by, 3:60–63

Comet C/2012 F6 (LEMMON), 9:72, 11:72, 12:73 Comet C/2012 K5 (LINEAR), 5:73


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Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) brightness of, 1:9 carbon dioxide emitted per day, 11:7 imaging of, 8:9, 9:9 observing, 9:50–51, 11:54–59, 12:56–61 overview of, 10:50–53 peak magnitude, 2:20 period of visibility to naked eye, 10:7 photo contest, 11:9 possibility of greatness, 1:57–59 proximity to sun, 12:56–61 sublimating ice, 7:16

comets See also names of specific comets anatomy of, 11:44–45 brightest in past 50 years, 11:46–51 defined, 8:12 great, 8:9, 10:44–49 historical observations of and attempts to explain, 11:30–35 observing color of, 3:18 predicting orbit and peak magnitude of, 11:52–53 science of, 11:24–29 search for olivine in debris disk, 2:11 sketching, 12:68

conjunctions explanation of, 11:16 of Jupiter, 11:16 of Mars, 11:16 of Mercury, 9:19 of Venus, 9:19

constellations. See also names of specific constellations relative sizes of, 1:18 time spent by Sun in, 10:10

coordinates, 9:35 coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

April 2013, 8:12 effects of on Earth, 9:22–27 effects of on solar system, 7:50–51 formation of, 6:17

cosmic microwave background (CMB) effect on temperature of distant gases, 7:12 Planck mission findings, 7:12 WMAP study of, 4:23

cosmic rays detecting, 3:28–33 link with supernova remnants, 6:12

cosmic web, 9:44–49 cosmology, 5:28–33 Cosmos (PBS series), 7:52–55 Crab Nebula (M1), 2:68 craters

Clavius Crater (on Moon), 2:72 Gale Crater (on Mars), 2:11

cross-quarter days, 2:9 Crystal Ball Nebula (NGC 1514), 9:73 Curiosity rover


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analysis of soil, 4:13 ancient river deposits, 9:12 ancient stream, 1:18 drills into first rock, 6:13 dynamism of atmosphere, 8:12 high temperature in winter on Mars, 1:15 image of Gale Crater, 2:11 overview of, 1:24–25 pyramidal stone, 1:9 sample reveals once habitable environment, 7:13 song broadcast, 1:16

Cygnus OB2 (star cluster), 2:8 D dark, fear of, 11:10 dark energy

in early universe, 12:22 expansion of universe and, 1:20 preliminary ideas about, 8:68–69 when cosmic expansion was decelerating, 3:13

Dark Energy Survey camera, 1:12, 12:22 dark matter

cold dark matter theory, 9:44–49 cosmic web, 9:44–49 evidence of, 10:15 experiments involving, 9:9 first hints of, 10:15 possible around Milky Way, 3:34–35 study of, 11:16 3-D mapping of, 2:16

dark nebulae See also names of specific dark nebulae images of, 1:71, 2:73, 6:73, 7:72 observing, 8:72–75 sketching, 7:68

Dawn spacecraft, 1:26 declination, 9:35 Deep Space Industries, 5:9 degrees, 7:16 Deimos (moon of Mars), 1:13 Denkmeier Binotron-27 binoviewer, 10:64–65 digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLRs), 1:60–61, 12:66 Digitized Sky Survey (DSS), 2:10 double stars

See also binary star systems observing, 6:14 testing visual acuity by observing, 8:18

Dragon capsule, 1:28–29, 7:12 DSLRs (digital single-lens reflex cameras), 1:60–61, 12:66 DSS (Digitized Sky Survey), 2:10 dwarf galaxies

alternative theory of gravity predicting features of, 12:19 gas cloud arising from collision of, 12:9 least massive known, 11:16 Segue 2, 10:11, 11:16


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star formation and, 1:24 study of, 11:16 surrounding Andromeda, 5:13, 6:13

dwarf planets, 1:62, 3:12, 16 E Eagle Nebula (M16), 2:73 Earth

closest stars to, 8:20 complex motion of, 5:35 effects of solar storms on, 9:22–27 image of captured by Cassini, 11:13 image of cities at night, 4:16 Lagrangian points, 3:12 majority of life's history in past, 2:7 melting temperature of iron at core, 8:22 origin of water on, 1:51 precession cycle, 6:17 radiation belts, 7:20 relative density of, 9:15 size of object needed to disturb orbit of, 2:51 solar versus sidereal days, 10:13 speed of orbit, 10:13 during Sun's dim early years, 5:22–27 threats to life on, 7:30–35 transit of, 2:9

EBL (extragalactic background light), 3:17 eclipses

lunar, 9:73 solar, 3:56–59, 72, 4:73, 5:20, 11:60–63

Einstein, Albert, 8:22 Eistein@Home project, 12:14 electromagnetic astronomy, 12:10 electrons, ratio of mass to that of protons, 4:13 elliptical galaxies, 7:51. See also names of specific elliptical galaxies emission nebulae. See names of specific emission nebulae Enceladus (moon of Saturn), 7:50 Encke (Comet 2P/Encke), 10:52 ESA (European Space Agency). See names of specific spacecraft and missions ESO. See European Southern Observatory (ESO) Euclid mission, 5:13, 11:13 Europa (moon of Jupiter), 12:48–49 European Southern Observatory (ESO)

50th anniversary of, 2:11 image of central Milky Way, 8:90 new star catalog of Milky Way, 2:10

European Space Agency (ESA). See names of specific spacecraft and missions exoplanets. See extrasolar planets (exoplanets) extragalactic background light (EBL), 3:17 extrasolar planets (exoplanets)

with atmosphere containing water and carbon dioxide, 7:13 blocking X-rays of parent star, 11:12 candidates from Kepler mission, 3:35, 4:9, 16 comparing masses of, 1:20 determining color of, 11:17


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discoveries of, 1:27, 2:10, 12 discovery of protoplanet, 6:6 discovery of Saturn-sized, 10:11 discovery of smallest, 6:16 formation of, 5:9 found in unlikely places, 10:17 gas giants orbiting Sun-like stars, 1:13 habitable-zone candidates, 5:13 imaging directly, 3:13 indirect detection of, 4:16 moons around, 2:50 number of found by Kepler, 10:15 number of Sun-like stars hosting, 7:12 orbiting two stars, 1:16 orbits oriented for discovery through transit method, 3:34–35 radial velocity method of discovery, 10:19 rogue, 3:13 sizes of candidates from Kepler mission, 4:16 smaller than Earth, 10:19 smallest known in habitable zone, 8:12 super-Earths in habitable zone, 3:16 10 most dramatic, 10:22–27 upward revision of size of, 10:10

extraterrestrial life building blocks from frozen organic materials, 1:13 formation of amino acids from irradiation of interstellar ice, 7:13 potential for, 1:9 prebiotic molecules discovered in distant cloud, 7:20 searching for Dyson spheres, 9:28–33 studies of radio emissions, 6:11 use of heat signatures to track, 6:30–35 worlds with water, 7:16

F FAST (Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope), 3:46–47 Fermi bubbles, 5:12 Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope

brightest GRB recorded, 9:13 fifth anniversary of, 12:11 near collision, 9:12 terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, 4:12

Fetus Nebula (NGC 7008), 5:72 55 Cancri e (exoplanet), 10:26 fireballs, defined, 8:12 Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), 3:46–47 Fleming 1 (planetary nebula), 3:17 Fomalhaut (star), 2:10 Fomalhaut b (exoplanet), 2:10, 10:24–25 47 Tucanae (globular cluster), 11:12 4C+29.30 (galaxy), 9:16 G G0.253+0.016 (gas cloud), 5:12 G2 (gas and dust cloud), 11:13 G35.20-0.74 (protostar), 8:13


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G306.3-0.9 (supernova remnant), 7:9 galaxies

See also names of specific galaxies; names of specific types of galaxies age of first, 1:15 classifications of, 5:50–55 discovery of most distant known, 3:13 emergence of mature, 12:10 evolution of, 12:22 farthest known, 1:20 green bean, 4:21, 5:18 green pea, 8:13 how number of has changed over time, 4:21 increasing organization of star-forming, 2:17 least massive known, 10:11 mergers of, 4:24–29, 9:13 size of, 9:20 star-forming gas swirling into centers of, 9:15 symmetrical shapes of, 8:69

galaxy clusters. See names of specific galaxy clusters Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX), 10:11 Galaxy Zoo project, 1:19 Gale Crater (feature on Mars), 2:11 GALEX (Galaxy Evolution Explorer), 10:11 Galileo, 5:9 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)

brightest recorded, 9:13 effect on tree rings, 5:18 link between supernovae and, 2:22–27 terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, 4:12 ultra-long-duration, 8:22

GD 518 (white dwarf), 10:11 gegenschein, 8:89 Genesis mission, 10:54–57 Giant Magellan Telescope, 2:11, 12:11 Gliese 667C (star system), 10:17, 27 globular clusters

See also names of specific globular clusters evolution of, 4:20 formation of, 2:51 mass of stars within, 5:34–35 observing, 9:14

Google Lunar X Prize, 8:21 GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) spacecraft, 4:20, 7:20 gravitational lensing

blue color of lensed galaxies, 11:52 discovery of most distant galaxy known, 3:13 overview of, 1:44–49 of quasar, 12:10

gravity alternative theory of, 12:19 effects of microgravity on disease-causing organisms, 6:11

Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) spacecraft, 4:20, 7:20 GRBs. See gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) green bean galaxies, 4:21, 5:18 green pea galaxies, 8:13


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H HALE-BOPP. See Comet C/1995 O1 (HALE-BOPP) Haley Space Flight award, 1:13 Halley (Comet 1P/Halley), 2:44–49 Hand, Kevin Peter, 7:16 HD 40307 (star), 3:16 HD 100546 (star), 6:6 HD 140283 (star), 7:17 HD 142527 (star), 5:9 HD 189733b (exoplanet), 11:17 Hercules A (3C 348) (elliptical galaxy), 5:74 HERGENROTHER (Comet C/168P), 1:73, 3:73 Herschel, John, 4:44–49 Herschel Space Observatory

end of mission, 8:20 Milky Way's hidden gases, 10:7

HFG1 (planetary nebula), 12:73 HFLS3 (galaxy), 8:16 Higgs boson, 1:29 High-Altitude Water Čerenkov Gamma-Ray Observatory, 12:11 high-velocity clouds (HVCs), 5:18 HIP 102152 (star), 12:11 Horsehead Nebula (Barnard 33), 9:10, 20 Hubble, Edwin, 5:50–55 Hubble constant, 2:17, 5:11, 7:12 Hubble Space Telescope

census of galaxies, 4:21 Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey with Hubble (CLASH), 3:13 eXtreme Deep Field (XDF) image, 1:18 imaging of Comet ISON, 8:9 infrared galaxy, 9:13 replicating color palette of, 1:64

Hubl, Bernhard, 4:58–61 HVCs (high-velocity clouds), 5:18 Hyades white dwarfs, 5:13, 9:13 Hydra (spiral galaxy), 1:9 hydrogen, abundance of in spite of conversion, 5:34 Hydrogen-alpha (Hα) imaging, 10:60–63 I IBEX (Interstellar Boundary Explorer), 1:27 IC 342 (spiral galaxy), 5:16 IC 443 (supernovae remnant), 6:12 IC 1295 (planetary nebula), 10:74 IC 4628 (Prawn Nebula) (emission nebula), 8:89 IKEYA-SEKI (Comet C/1965 S1), 11:47 Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) probe, 10:11, 11:15 interferometry, 7:13 International Astronomical Union, 2:12 International Dark-Sky Association, 12:14 International Space Station (ISS)

Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, 8:13 first commercial spacecraft to dock with, 1:28–29 second commercial spacecraft to dock with, 7:12

Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX), 1:27


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Io (moon of Jupiter), 5:13 IRIS (Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph) probe, 10:11, 11:15 ISON. See Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) ISS. See International Space Station (ISS) J J0247-25 (binary star system), 10:18 James Webb Space Telescope

delivery of mirrors, 9:13 lack optical subsystem, 5:12 testing mirrors, 1:13

Juno spacecraft, 4:20 Jupiter

See also names of moons orbiting curious facts regarding, 8:11 effects of Io's volcanoes on, 5:13 image of, 11:73 observing, 2:64–65 time between opposition and conjunction, 11:16

K Kastner, Joel, 2:20 KELT-6b (exoplanet), 10:11 Kepler spacecraft

end of prime mission, 3:13 failure to revive, 12:13 increase in candidate planets, 4:9 number of exoplanets found by, 10:15 overview of, 5:16 possible frequency of exoplanet discovery by, 3:35 sizes of candidates from, 4:16 smallest known exoplanets in habitable zone, 8:12 white dwarf eclipsing red star, 8:13

Kepler-11 (star system), 10:27 Kepler-37b (exoplanet), 6:16 Kepler-62e (exoplanet), 8:12 Kepler-62f (exoplanet), 8:12 Kepler-64b (exoplanet), 10:26–27 Kepler-69c (exoplanet), 8:12 Kepler-70b (exoplanet), 10:24 Kerberos (moon of Pluto), 11:13 kilonovae, 12:18 Kruesi, Liz, 6:12 Kuiper Belt, 10:35 L Lacaille, Nicolas Louis de la, 6:50–53 LADEE (Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer), 12:11 Lagrangian points, 3:12, 5:34, 12:49 LAMOST (Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope), 3:44–46 Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)

distance of, 7:13 images of, 1:72, 10:11

Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), 3:44–46 Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), 2:10


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Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Pathfinder, 10:19 laser pointers, proper use of, 11:14 LBN 219 (vdB 133; Sharpless 2-106) (nebula), 10:73 LBN 438 (dark nebula), 1:71 LDN 7 (dark nebula), 7:68 LDN 11 (dark nebula), 7:68 LDN 1622 (dark nebula), 6:73, 7:72 LEMMON (Comet C/2012 F6), 9:72, 11:72, 12:73 lenticular galaxies, 8:88, 89 Levy, David, 9:54–57 life

See also extraterrestrial life on Earth, majority of in past, 2:7 during Sun's dim early years, 5:22–27

light health and, 9:11 speed of and relativity, 11:53 total amount of in universe, 9:12

LINEAR (Comet C/2012 K5), 5:73 LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) Pathfinder, 10:19 LMC. See Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) Low-Frequency Array, 7:13 LSST (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope), 2:10 Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE), 12:11 lunar eclipses, 9:73 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, 8:13 lunar rovers, 8:21 Lupus 3 (dust cloud), 6:74 Lupus molecular clouds, 9:73 Lynds 1544 (gas and dust cloud), 2:16 Lynx (constellation), 1:52–55 M M1 (Crab Nebula), 2:68 M16 (Eagle Nebula), 2:73 M20 (Trifid Nebula), 6:72 M22 (globular cluster), 2:10 M31. See Andromeda Galaxy (M31) M33 (Triangulum Galaxy; Pinwheel Galaxy), 6:6, 9:17 M38 (open cluster), 1:66 M42. See Orion Nebula (M42) M44 (Beehive Cluster; The Praesepe), 1:13, 11:73 M57 (Ring Nebula), 10:8, 73 M60 (elliptical galaxy), 1:18 M65 (spiral galaxy), 8:89 M77 (Seyfert galaxy), 8:10 M78 (reflection nebula), 6:73, 7:72 M81 (Bode's Galaxy), 5:73 M82 (Cigar Galaxy), 5:73 M84 (lenticular galaxy), 8:88 M85 (lenticular galaxy), 8:89 M86 (lenticular galaxy), 8:88 M97 (Owl Nebula), 9:73 M106 (spiral galaxy), 6:9 M108 (barred spiral galaxy), 9:73


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MACS 0647-JD (galaxy), 3:13 MACS J0647+7015 (galaxy cluster), 3:13 Magellanic Stream, 12:10 magnetars, 9:9, 13, 12:10 magnetic fields, 11:13 Makemake (dwarf planet), 3:12 Mammana, Dennis, 5:56–61 manned space exploration

observing area of first lunar landing, 7:18 radiation risks of, 12:12

Mariner 2 spacecraft, 4:13 Markarian's Chain, 8:88 Mars

See also names of moons orbiting; names of specific missions to analysis of soil by Curiosity, 4:13 ancient river deposits, 9:12 ancient stream, 1:18 atmospheric composition, 3:15 circling of Matijevic Hill by Opportunity, 4:13 color of, 9:34–35 Curiosity drills into first rock, 6:13 curious facts regarding, 8:11 deep underground channels, 7:16 dynamism of atmosphere, 8:12 evidence of liquid water in distant past, 6:17 frozen carbon dioxide on, 7:10 Gale Crater, 2:11 groundwater-fed lake, 5:16 gullies from sliding ice, 10:13 high temperature in winter, 1:15 image of with Antares, 4:73 impact sites, 9:19 meteorites from, 7:50 missions to, 11:12 pole stars, 9:12 precession cycle, 6:17 pyramidal stone, 1:9 radiation risks of trip to, 9:16 rover mission for 2020, 3:9 sample reveals once habitable environment on, 7:13 spherules on, 1:13 stars visible from north pole of, 6:17 temperature swings, 10:19 time between opposition and conjunction, 11:16 transit of Earth across Sun, 2:9 Valles Marineris, 10:34 water in meteorite from, 5:13

Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft, 6:11, 8:22 Mars Express spacecraft, 6:17 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

gullies from sliding ice, 10:13 image of Gale Crater, 2:11

Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), 9:16 mathematics, in astronomy, 12:24–29 MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN) spacecraft, 6:11, 8:22 MCNAUGHT (Comet C/2006 P1), 11:46


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MDA-TelesCoop Telescope Drive Master (TDM), 5:66–67 Mercury

ancient volcanic activity, 11:13 conjunction of, 9:19 curious facts regarding, 8:11 ice at poles of, 3:15, 12:30–35 image of, 11:73 large core of, 1:50 phases of, 9:19 pole star, 9:12 surface composition, 1:20

MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging) mission ancient volcanic activity on Mercury, 11:13 ice on Mercury, 3:15, 12:30–35 surface composition of Mercury, 1:20

Messier catalog contents of, 4:13 Messier marathons, 3:68

meteorites See also names of specific meteorites defined, 8:12 formation of pallasites, 3:12 formation of solid material, 3:9 from Mars, 7:50 silica in, 8:9 from Vesta, 2:12

meteoroids defined, 8:12 explosion of over Russia, 5:13, 6:18–23, 7:9, 12:11

meteors defined, 8:12 showers on other planets, 9:35

MIL 090030 (meteorite), 10:17 Milky Way Galaxy

age of, 5:35 black holes in, 2:7, 16, 12:9, 11 collision with Andromeda, 4:24–29 discovery of star nurseries in, 5:12 giant radio bubbles at center of, 5:12 hidden gases, 10:7 high definition image of center, 3:74 hot gas near central black hole, 9:13 image of central, 8:90 images of, 7:73, 11:72 largest known star in, 11:13 Local Arm as significant limb, 10:19 massive hot-gas cloud around, 1:14 missing baryon, 1:14 new star catalog, 2:10 planet-producing capability at center of, 1:13 possible dark matter around, 3:34–35 previous mergers, 5:35 radiation haze surrounding, 1:20 relative density of, 9:15 revealed to be barred spiral, 9:9 shell of stars around, 6:13


16

stars with looping orbits around center, 4:16 millisecond pulsars, 10:17 Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MoND), 6:13, 12:19 molecular clouds, 3:13, 6:73, 9:73 Moon (Earth's)

analysis of samples from, 6:54–57 apparent size of, 7:16 building robotically controlled rovers to land on, 8:21 Clavius Crater, 2:72 current studies into formation of, 3:16 detection of mercury and hydrogen on, 7:20 duration of core dynamo, 9:21 eclipses, 9:73 first telescopic observation of, 5:9 images of, 3:73, 10:73 map of gravitational pull of, 4:20 observing area of first lunar landing, 7:18 reflection of in water, 9:18 simulating effects of radiation at surface, 8:13 sketching features on, 10:68 "super" Moon of 2013, 10:72 surface rocks of extra-lunar origin, 9:19 synthetic Moon rock material, 4:13 water on, 6:6, 9:15, 12:10

moons, around exoplanets, 2:50. See also names of specific moons Moore, Patrick, 3:17, 6:11 MSL (Mars Science Laboratory), 9:16 Murchison Widefield Array, 4:17 Murray, Bruce C., 12:11 N Nagler, Al, 4:52–57 NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)

See also names of specific spacecraft and missions budget (1960-2012), 9:16 exploration targets, 4:20 Mars rover mission for 2020, 3:9 new chief scientist, 11:16

National Academy of Sciences, 9:15 Nazé, Yaël, 6:16 Near Earth Object Camera, 8:13 near-Earth objects (NEOs), number of, 7:9 NEAT (Comet C/2001 Q2), 11:47 NEAT (Comet C/2002 V1), 11:46 nebulae. See names of specific nebulae; names of specific types of nebulae NEOs (near-Earth objects), number of, 7:9 Neptune

See also names of moons orbiting jet streams, 9:21 observing, 8:80–83 pole stars, 9:12 Trojan asteroids, 5:34

neutrinos oscillation process, 11:21 wild, 12:22


17

Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER) mission, 8:12 neutron stars

density of, 7:9 forces within, 8:16 formation of, 10:11 orbiting companion pulsar, 2:7 relative density of, 9:15

New Horizons spacecraft, time of arrival, 4:20 NGC 253 (Sculptor Galaxy), 10:10, 11:12 NGC 660 (ring galaxy), 3:10, 5:16 NGC 1232 (barred spiral galaxy), 12:9 NGC 1277 (galaxy), 3:12 NGC 1499 (California Nebula), 4:72 NGC 1514 (Crystal Ball Nebula), 9:73 NGC 1624-2 (O-type star), 1:12 NGC 1907 (open cluster), 1:66 NGC 2070 (Tarantula Nebula), 1:74, 3:72 NGC 2169 (open cluster), 1:66 NGC 2170 (emission nebula), 5:72 NGC 2194 (open cluster), 2:72 NGC 2237-9/46 (Rosette Nebula), 3:73, 5:73 NGC 2403 (Caldwell 7) (spiral galaxy), 6:73 NGC 2782 (galaxy), 11:73 NGC 2936 (spiral galaxy), 11:11 NGC 2937 (elliptical galaxy), 11:11 NGC 3372 (Carina Nebula), 4:74 NGC 3766 (star cluster), 10:14 NGC 3783 (galaxy), 10:11 NGC 3893 (barred spiral galaxy), 4:66 NGC 3896 (barred lenticular galaxy), 4:66 NGC 4236 (barred spiral galaxy), 2:73 NGC 4394 (barred spiral galaxy), 8:89 NGC 4395 (Seyfert galaxy), 9:72 NGC 4477 (galaxy), 8:88 NGC 4647 (spiral galaxy), 1:18 NGC 4845 (galaxy), 8:21 NGC 5033 (spiral galaxy), 1:71 NGC 6240 (galaxy), 8:13 NGC 6334 (Cat's Paw Nebula), 1:73, 10:7 NGC 6357 (War and Peace Nebula), 5:73 NGC 6543 (Cat's Eye Nebula), 2:73 NGC 6690 (barred spiral galaxy), 4:66 NGC 6752 (globular cluster), 9:12 NGC 6765 (planetary nebula), 9:68 NGC 6872 (spiral galaxy), 5:17 NGC 7000 (North America Nebula), 11:18 NGC 7008 (Fetus Nebula), 5:72 NGC 7354 (planetary nebula), 9:68 NGC 7380 (Wizard Nebula), 4:73 NGC 7635 (Bubble Nebula), 4:10 NGC 7662 (Caldwell 22) (planetary nebula), 3:73 NGC 7752 (barred lenticular galaxy), 10:73 NGC 7753 (spiral galaxy), 10:73 NICER (Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR) mission, 8:12 99942 Apophis (asteroid), 4:9 1999 RQ36 (asteroid), 9:13


18

Noel Prizes in physics and chemistry, women with, 12:13 North America Nebula (NGC 7000), 11:18 Nova Delphini 2013 (supernova), 12:72 novae

See also supernovae overview of, 2:22–27 research into, 10:18

NuSTAR X-ray observing satellite, 2:7 NW 5298 (meteorite), 11:20 O Oberwerk 45° 70mm Binocular Telescope, 7:64–65 observatories. See names of specific observatories 1E 2259+586 (magnetar), 9:13 Oort Cloud

effect of on planets, 10:35 as source of comets, 12:9

open clusters. See names of specific open clusters open-access publishing, 10:14 Ophiuchus IRS 48 (star system), 10:11 Opportunity rover

award for team, 1:13 circles Matijevic Hill, 4:13 distance traveled, 9:20 spherules, 1:13

oppositions, 11:16 optical lattice clocks, 12:11 Orbital Sciences, 8:12 Origins-Spectral Interpretation Resource Identification Security Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission, 9:16, 12:11 Orion (constellation)

image of objects in, 6:73 observation of objects in, 12:16

Orion Nebula (M42) false-color image of, 5:10 image of, 11:74 light bridges, 1:16 sketch of, 2:52–55

OSIRIS-REx (Origins-Spectral Interpretation Resource Identification Security Regolith Explorer) mission, 9:16, 12:11 Owl Nebula (M97), 9:73 P Palomar Mountain Observatory, 1:16 PANSTARRS. See Comet C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS) Pan-STARRS 4 (Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System 4), 2:10 particle accelerators, 6:45 PDS 20 (star), 3:12 Perek-Kohoutek catalog, 6:46–49 Perseid meteors, 12:73 photons

effect of black holes on, 8:68 gamma-ray versus radio-wave photons, 7:51

physics interview with assistant professor of, 4:16 women with degrees in, 12:13

Pierre Auger Observatory, 3:28–33


19

Pinwheel Galaxy (Triangulum Galaxy; M33), 6:6, 9:17 Pipe Nebula (B59, B65, B66, B67, and B78), 4:72 PK 104-29.1 (planetary nebula), 1:73 Planck mission

cosmic background radiation findings, 7:12 hot gas bridging galaxy clusters, 3:13 overview of, 10:28–33

Planet Hunters project, 5:13 planetary nebulae

See also names of specific planetary nebulae catalog of, 6:46–49 formation of, 4:9 shape of, 3:17 supernova remnants versus, 10:34–35 X-ray images of, 2:20

planets See also extrasolar planets (exoplanets); names of specific planets debris polluting atmospheres of white dwarfs, 9:13 how much a person would weigh on different, 4:22 theoretical size of black holes formed by, 7:20

Pluto See also names of moons orbiting image of, 2:74 observing, 7:60–63

Polaris (Alpha Ursae Minoris) (star), 4:9, 9:12 Pr0201b (exoplanet), 1:13 Pr0211b (exoplanet), 1:13 The Praesepe (Beehive Cluster; M44), 1:13, 11:73 Prawn Nebula (IC 4628) (emission nebula), 8:89 probability, 1:11 protons, ratio of mass to that of electrons, 4:13 protoplanetary disks

dust grains colliding and sticking within, 3:12 gap in, 3:12

PS1-10afx (supernova), 8:12 PSR B1257+12 (star system), 10:26 PSR B1620-26 b (exoplanet), 10:25 pulsars

companion neutron star orbiting, 2:7 determining distance to, 10:10 discovered with help from Eistein@Home project, 12:14 inverse relation between radio waves and X-rays, 5:18 millisecond, 10:17 pulsar-white dwarf binary system, 8:22 used to study black hole, 12:9

Q quark stars, 6:44–45 quasars

as backlights to study unrelated galaxies, 11:12 gravitational lensing of, 12:10 lack of heavy elements in most distant, 4:22 largest known structure, 5:9 overview of, 7:24–29 three in same galaxy, 7:13


20

R R Sculptoris (red giant star), 2:7 R136 (star cluster), 1:74 R144 (binary star), 8:13 Radiation Belt Science Probes (RBSPs), 7:20 radio astronomy, detection of extremely luminous radio bursts, 11:20 rainbows, 6:64 random events, 1:11 RBSPs (Radiation Belt Science Probes), 7:20 red dwarfs

habitable zones around, 11:13 orbiting black hole, 7:13

Reddy, Vishnu, 1:14 reflection nebulae. See names of specific reflection nebulae relativity, general theory of, 2:20, 8:22, 11:53 Rho Ophiuchi star-forming region, 1:10, 7:14 right ascension, 9:35 Ring Nebula (M57), 10:8, 73 ring system, of Saturn, 7:12 rogue planets, 3:13 Rosette Nebula (NGC 2237-9/46), 3:73, 5:73 Ruprecht 106 (globular cluster), 7:73 S S0-102 (star), 2:20 S/2004 N1 (moon of Neptune), 11:20 Sagan, Carl, 7:52–55 Sagittarius (constellation)

deep-sky targets in, 8:70–71 number of Messier objects within, 4:13

Sagittarius A* (black hole), 12:11 satellites, Lagrangian points and, 3:12. See also names of specific satellites Saturn

See also Cassini spacecraft; names of moons orbiting colors of ring particles and moons, 7:12 curious facts regarding, 8:11 dusty clouds above rings, 8:13 effects of massive storm, 2:12 effects of ring particles in atmosphere, 8:22 hexagonal clouds at north pole, 3:34 hurricane in atmosphere of, 8:23 impacts as origin of moons, 2:11 pole star, 9:12

Schirmer, Mischa, 5:18 Sculptor Galaxy (NGC 253), 10:10, 11:12 SDSS J122952.66+112227.8 (blue supergiant star), 8:13 SDSS-III (Sloan Digital Sky Survey-III), 2:10, 4:16 Segue 2 (dwarf galaxy), 10:11, 11:16 Seyfert galaxies, 8:10, 9:72 SGR 0418+5729 (magnetar), 9:9, 12:10 Sharpless 2-1 (hydrogen cloud), 4:73 Sharpless 2-101 (Tulip Nebula), 7:73 Sharpless 2-106 (vdB 133; LBN 219) (nebula), 10:73 Sharpless 2-119 (emission nebula), 12:72


21

Sharpless 2-276 (Barnard's Loop), 5:72 Sigma Orionis (quintuple star system), 9:10 Sir Patrick Moore Observatory, 6:11 SKA (Square Kilometre Array), 4:13 The Sky at Night (BBC series), 3:17 Sloan Digital Sky Survey-III (SDSS-III), 2:10, 4:16 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), 7:73 SN 185 (supernova), 1:19 SN 1006 (supernova), 1:12 SN 2009ig (supernova), 10:10 SN 2011dh (supernova), 1:19, 8:20 SN 2013am (supernova), 8:89 SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy), 11:64–66 Sokoloski, Jeno, 10:18 solar eclipses

2012, 3:56–59, 72, 4:73, 5:20 2013, 11:60–63

solar system complex motion of, 5:35 effect of coronal mass ejections on, 7:50–51 formation of solid material in, 3:9 shock waves and planet formation, 1:18 volcanic activity within, 2:28–33

South Pole Telescope (SPT), 1:15 Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), 2:20 spacecraft

See also names of specific spacecraft current status and location of 20, 12:44–47 determining angle of landing, 6:44

SpaceShipTwo "rocket plane", 8:12 SpaceX, 1:28–29, 7:12 spiral galaxies

See also names of specific spiral galaxies formation of elliptical galaxies from, 7:51 largest known, 5:17 merging, 8:13

Spirit rover, 1:13 Spitzer Space Telescope

background infrared radiation, 2:16 10th anniversary of, 12:18

SPT (South Pole Telescope), 1:15 Square Kilometre Array (SKA), 4:13 SS Cygni (binary star system), 9:12 star clusters. See also names of specific star clusters star parties

attending, 2:60–63 best objects to show at, 12:20 observing versus imaging, 2:66

starburst galaxies, 7:17 stars

See also names of specific stars; names of specific types of stars age of first, 1:15 closest to Earth, 8:20 colors of, 2:34–35 current rate of formation, 3:13 explosions of, 2:22–27


22

extragalactic background light, 3:17 failing to reach final stage of nuclear fusion, 9:12 farthest known, 8:13 formation of at high rate, 8:17 formation of from supernovae, 1:50–51 formation of high-mass, 8:13 formation of massive, 7:13 gaps in disks around young, 10:7 habitable zone, 1:13 image of trails, 1:72 in intermediate evolutionary stage, 10:18 lack of formation in dense gas cloud, 5:12 largest known in Milky Way, 11:13 with looping orbits around Milky Way's center, 4:16 massive, 6:16 most magnetic known, 1:14 number of by magnitude, 5:16 number of Sun-like stars hosting planets, 7:12 oldest discovered, 7:17 preserving original color in images, 8:24 quark, 6:44–45 reformation of dying, 3:13 sugar molecules in gas around, 1:10 that behave like strobe lights, 6:13 as they appear from surface of Mars, 6:17 unidentified spectral lines, 4:50–51 upper limit of stellar mass, 4:51

Steiner, Andrew W., 8:16 Stellarvue SV160 apochromatic refractor telescope, 3:64–65 Stewart, Sarah T., 3:16 Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), 11:64–66 string theory, 4:30–35 STScI (Space Telescope Science Institute), 2:20 Styx (moon of Pluto), 11:13 Subaru Telescope, 3:13 Sun

blue flash at sunset, 8:68 brown dwarfs discovered close to, 6:11 census of nearby stars, 6:11 changing view on death of, 4:9 chemical composition of, 8:16 coronal mass ejections, 6:17, 7:50–51, 8:12, 9:22–27 early brightness of, 5:22–27 early fitfulness of, 10:18 effects of solar storms on Earth, 9:22–27 filaments, 12:73 flares and prominences, 1:71 groupings of sunspots, 10:34 image of corona, 4:73 inexpensive observation of, 3:35 Lagrangian points, 3:12 movement relative to interstellar medium, 1:27 relative density of, 9:15 shock waves and planet formation, 1:18 sketching, 6:68 solar cycle, 5:12


23

solar wind, 10:54–57 sound from, 1:51 structure variations in solar wind, 4:13 sunspot predictions, 5:12 tail trailing from heliosphere, 11:7 temperature difference between photosphere and corona, 6:12 temperature of corona, 4:50, 11:12 time spent in constellations, 10:10 transit of Earth, 2:9

Sunrise II solar experiment, 10:11 sunspots, 5:12, 10:34 supernovae

See also names of specific supernovae discovery of asymmetrical without neutron star, 6:16 double-degenerate theory, 1:28–29 earliest known, 1:19, 3:17 formation of new stars from, 1:50–51 intervening object magnifies light from, 8:12 kilonovae, 12:18 link with cosmic rays, 6:12 overview of, 2:22–27 remnants of versus planetary nebulae, 10:34–35 3-D simulations of, 10:11 type Ia, 1:12 type Iax, 7:21 type IIb, 1:19

Super-TIGER cosmic-ray balloon experiment, 6:11 Sutter Hill meteorite, 4:12 Swift satellite

image of Large Magellanic Cloud, 10:11 study of Comet ISON, 7:16 supernova remnant, 7:9

T T Pyxidis (recurrent nova), 10:18 Tarantula Nebula (NGC 2070), 1:74, 3:72 Tau Boötis (star), 11:13 TDM (MDA-TelesCoop Telescope Drive Master), 5:66–67 Teapot asterism, 9:14 Tele Vue Optics, 4:52–57 telescopes. See names of specific telescopes terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs), 4:12 TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) mission, 8:12 TGFs (terrestrial gamma-ray flashes), 4:12 Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), 8:16, 10:11 3C 348 (Hercules A) (elliptical galaxy), 5:74 Titan (moon of Saturn)

altitude of middle atmosphere, 3:9 changes in atmosphere of, 1:12 impacts as origin of, 2:11 possibility of surface ice, 5:12 river system on, 4:22 seawaves and cyclones, 9:19 thickness of icy crust, 4:20

titanium oxides, 7:12


24

TMT (Thirty Meter Telescope), 8:16, 10:11 Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, 8:12 Triangulum Galaxy (Pinwheel Galaxy; M33), 6:6, 9:17 Trifid Nebula (M20), 6:72 Trojan asteroids, 2:11, 5:34, 12:22 Tulip Nebula (Sharpless 2-101), 7:73 TW Hydrae (star), 10:18 Twilight Wedge, 2:9 2011 QF99 (Trojan asteroid), 12:22 2012 DA14 (asteroid), 6:11 2MASX J05210136-2521450 (infrared galaxy), 9:13 U UFOs (unidentified flying objects), 5:14, 44–49 ULAS J1120+0641 (quasar), 4:22 Ulloa's circle, 2:14 ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULX), 4:16, 5:16 unidentified flying objects (UFOs), 5:14, 44–49 United Launch Services, LLC, 12:11 universe

age of, 3:22–27 complex concepts regarding, 5:28–33 cosmic microwave background, 4:23 expansion of, 1:20, 5:29 lack of edge, 5:32 observable, 5:33 total amount of light in, 9:12

uranium, 2:50–51 Uranus

jet streams, 9:21 observing, 8:80–83 pole stars, 9:12 Trojan asteroid sharing orbit of, 12:22

Uwingu, LLC, 1:13, 2:20 UX Tauri A (star), 3:12 V Valles Marineris (feature on Mars), 10:34 Van Allen radiation belts, 11:16 variable stars, 10:14 vdB 133 (LBN 219; Sharpless 2-106) (nebula), 10:73 Vega (Alpha Lyrae) (star)

age of, 4:13 overview of, 10:9

Venus changes in sulfur dioxide in atmosphere, 4:22 conjunction of, 9:19 curious facts regarding, 8:11 high-speed winds, 10:13 image of, 11:73 as morning/evening star, 11:53 phases of, 9:19

Venus Express spacecraft, 4:22 Very Large Telescope (VLT), 9:13 Very Long Baseline Array, 10:10, 19


25

Vesta (asteroid) Dawn spacecraft, 1:14, 26 immunity from normal weathering, 3:16 meteorite from, 2:12 observing, 1:62

Virgin Galactic, 8:12 Virgo (constellation), 10:10 Virgo galaxy cluster, 4:18 Vixen GPD2 Equatorial Mount Motor drive, 6:62–63 VLT (Very Large Telescope), 9:13 Voyager 1 spaceprobe

greatest discoveries of, 1:30–35 poised to leave solar system, 4:12

Voyager 2 spaceprobe, 1:30–35 VY Canis Majoris (star), 7:12 W W3 (star-forming region), 7:13 W44 (supernovae remnant), 6:12, 12:19 W49B (supernova), 6:16 War and Peace Nebula (NGC 6357), 5:73 WASP-12b (exoplanet), 10:25 water

in atmosphere of exoplanet, 7:13 in collapsing, star-producing gas and dust cloud, 2:16 evidence of on Mars, 5:16, 6:17 in meteorite from Mars, 5:13 on Moon, 6:6, 9:15, 12:10 origin of on Earth, 1:51 worlds with, 7:16

white dwarfs eclipsing red star, 8:13 most massive known, 10:11 pulsar-white dwarf binary system, 8:22

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) space telescope, reactivation of, 12:18 Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) project, 4:23 Winter Star Party, 2:17 WISE (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer) space telescope, reactivation of, 12:18 Wizard Nebula (NGC 7380), 4:73 WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe) project, 4:23 X XMM-Newton telescope

exoplanet blocking X-rays of parent star, 11:12 number of detections of X-ray-emitting objects, 11:15

X-ray emissions from black hole at center of Milky Way, 2:7 from Cygnus OB2 star cluster, 2:8 detections of X-ray-emitting objects, 11:15 exoplanet blocking X-rays of parent star, 11:12 iron-16 and, 4:12 planetary nebulae, 2:20 ultraluminous X-ray sources, 4:16, 17, 5:16

Z


26

zodiacal dust cloud, 4:51

TITLE INDEX A Active atmosphere, 8:12 ALMA answers key galaxy evolution question, 11:12 ALMA detects rapid early star formation, 7:17 ALMA images possible missing link, 10:11 Alternative theory of gravity predicts dwarf galaxy features, 12:19 Anatomy of a comet, 11:44–45 Andromeda satellites surprise astronomers, 5:13 Are gullies on Mars from ice blocks?, 10:13 Astro April Fools, 4:11 Astronomers detail new supernova category, 7:21 Astronomers discover rare supernova, 6:16 Astronomers find a natural particle accelerator, 11:16 Astronomers find that a planet is truly blue, 11:17 Astronomers reveal the universe's hidden structure, 9:44–49 The astronomical unit gets simplified, 2:12 Astronomy magazine's path to "stardom", 8:58–67 Astronomy tests Denkmeier's Binotron-27, 10:64–65 Astronomy tests Oberwerk's 45° 70mm Binocular Telescope, 7:64–65 Astronomy tests the Canon 60Da, 1:60–61 Astronomy tests the Telescope Drive Master, 5:66–67 Astronomy's fourth annual Star Products, 9:58–65 Astronomy's rising stars, 7:44–49 B Background source?, 2:16 A backyard asteroid mission, 1:62 A backyard imager advances science, 8:76–79 A beginners guide to star parties, 2:60–63 Behind the scenes at Celestron, 12:50–55 Bernhard Hubl's unusual universe, 4:58–61 Between M31 and M33 lurk gas blobs, 9:17 A big eye on the violent universe, 3:28–33 Black holes big and small have symmetrical jets, 4:12 Black holes reject hot gas, 12:11 Black hole's spin measured, 6:11 Blast from merging objects imaged, 12:18 Booming black holes, 10:10 Boring on mars, 6:13 A brief appreciation of galaxies, 6:6 Bright black holes, 5:16 A bright comet gets ready to shine, 1:12 Bright light, black hole, 8:10 Bringing order to the southern skies, 6:50–53 Buzz Aldrin on our future, 6:24–29 C Capturing a born-again star, 3:13


27

Capturing comets, 12:68 Cassini catches Earth on camera, 11:13 Cassini spies mini Nile, 4:22 Celebrate Moon Day, 7:18 Chandra spies black holes, 10:14 Chilean workers at ALMA site go on strike, 12:14 China's race to study the cosmos, 3:44–49 Civilizations in the universe, 1:9 Close encounters, 5:14 Cloudy, with no chance of stars, 5:12 Colors of our starry sky, 2:34–35 Comet color and you, 3:18 Comet ISON begins its big show, 10:7 Comet ISON blazes into glory, 11:54–59 Comet ISON brightens before dawn, 10:50–53 Comet ISON's dazzling all-night show, 12:56–61 Comets and the Oort Cloud, 12:9 Comets: From superstition to science, 11:30–35 Comparing sky surveys, 2:10 A continent within, 11:18 Cool cosmos, 7:12 Curiosity finds habitable environment on Mars, 7:13 D Dance of the spirits, 2:18 Dark matter studied in 3-D, 2:16 David Levy's lifetime of observations, 9:54–57 A day with two dawns, 3:56–59 Deconvolution, part 2, 7:66 Dennis Mammana's cosmic portraits, 5:56–61 Determining the total amount of starlight, 3:17 Discover our solar system's hidden wonders, 6:58–60 Discover the ultra-violent sky, 7:56–59 Distance determination, 10:10 Do you know about Asterion?, 4:14 Does this planet make me look fat?, 4:22 Double star fever, 6:14 Dusty veil, 7:14 E Early bloomers, 12:10 Early galaxy made 3,000 new stars per year, 8:17 Earth sports new belt, 7:20 Effects of the eclipse, 5:20 Electromagnetic astronomy, 12:10 11 top winter binocular gems, 12:62–63 Elvis and the alphabet, 8:14 Evidence of Martian water, 6:17 Exoplanets found in unlikely places, 10:17 Exoplanets galore, 2:12 Exoplanets underestimated?, 10:10 Experience "Camera Raw", 9:66 Explore 11 spring binocular gems, 5:64–65 Explore spring's best deep-sky objects, 3:50–55 Explore the ultimate planetary nebula catalog, 6:46–49


28

Explore the Virgo cluster, 4:18 Extra antimatter confirmed, 8:13 F Fairest of them all?, 12:10 A field trip to the stratosphere, 11:64–66 Filament of hot gas spotted, 3:13 Filtered solar views, 6:68 First planets found around Sun-like stars in cluster, 1:13 A fond farewell to Comet PANSTARRS, 9:52–53 40 deep-sky targets in Sagittarius, 8:70–71 40 greatest astronomical discoveries, 8:27–31 40 greatest mysteries of the universe, 8:32–37 40 years of amateur astronomy, 8:52–57 Fun facts for star party standouts, 12:20 G G2 gas cloud stretched as it rounds Milky Way's black hole, 11:13 Galactic evolution still prevalent, 2:17 A galactic incubator, 11:11 A galactic odd couple, 1:18 Galaxy rising, 3:66 Galaxy rising, part two, 4:64 Galaxy vs. home lighting, 9:11 Get ready for Comet PANSTARRS, 3:60–63 Get your first peek at Comet ISON, 9:50–51 Give us your best shot, 11:9 Globular clusters and their evolution, 4:20 The glow of the Americas' cities, 4:16 GRAIL maps Moon's interior in detail, 4:20 H Hasty, hulking hydrogen, 5:18 Head's up, 9:10 Heavenly sketches, 10:16 Herschel ceases observations, 8:20 Hot spots on a cool red supergiant, 8:16 How astronomers know the universe's age, 3:22–27 How big is 1°? 1'? 1"?, 7:16 How big is that constellation?, 1:18 How exoplanets compare to the solar system, 1:20 How good will Comet ISON be?, 2:20 How gravity's grand illusion reveals the universe, 1:44–49 How high-mass stars form, 7:13 How life survived a cool early sun, 5:22–27 How long can we last on Earth?, 2:7 How long is the Sun in that constellation?, 10:10 How many NASA craft have visited these worlds?, 4:20 How many stars are that bright?, 5:16 How near is yonder star?, 8:20 How pallasites form, 3:12 How Planck has redefined the universe, 10:28–33 How solar storms could shut down Earth, 9:22–27 How the Sun will die, 4:9 How to choose the right binoculars, 5:62–63


29

How to find ET with infrared light, 6:30–35 How to hunt down Pluto, 7:60–63 How to observe Jupiter, 2:64–65 "Hubba hubba" Hubble, 1:64 Hubble and the light-year, 5:11 Hubble catches galactic merger in action, 9:13 Hubble looks back -- again, 1:18 Hubble telescope takes census, 4:21 Huge gas cloud surrounds Milky Way, 1:14 Hunt down summer's best dark nebulae, 8:72–75 I Ice on Mercury, 3:15 Identifying the Moon's water, 9:15 If planets were black holes, 7:16 Implications of the Russian meteorite fall, 7:9 Inside the ring of light, 10:8 Ironing out iron, 4:12 Is this our final century?, 7:30–35 It's random, 1:11 K Kepler finds smallest planets yet in habitable zone, 8:12 L Lack of heavy elements in quasar suggests star formation just beginning, 4:22 Laser pointer safety, 11:14 A late start for mighty black holes, 3:9 The life and times of Al Nagler, 4:52–57 Link between supernova remnants and cosmic rays confirmed, 6:12 The long track of the Moon, 9:18 Lunar leakage, 12:10 M The magnetic highway, 4:12 Magnetic loops foretell solar ejections, 6:17 Magnetic movement, 11:12 Mars rover finds proof of ancient stream, 1:18 Martian shadows, 2:9 Massive star-forming regions illuminate galactic history, 5:12 Memories of Carl, 7:55 Mercury's surface surprises, 1:20 The Messier marathon, 3:68 Meteoroid disintegrates over Russia, 5:13 The Milky Way's barred spiral structure, 9:9 Milky Way's haze not from supernovae?, 1:20 The Milky Way's Local Arm is metropolitan, 10:18 Minerals suggest groundwater-fed lake once existed on Mars, 5:16 Mission matters, 8:12 Moon rocks might not be all Moon rock, 9:19 More evidence for cold dark matter, 10:15 The most colorful stars, 8:24 Most distant galaxy found with gravitational lensing, 3:13 Mysterious radio bursts spotted, 11:20


30

N Name that pole star, 9:12 NASA reactivates WISE spacecraft, 12:18 NASA through the years, 9:16 The nearest stars, 6:11 New black hole, 2:16 New category of GRBs seen, 8:22 The new search for alien intelligence, 9:28–33 New type of variable star found, 10:14 A new way to fund astronomy, 2:20 Night sweats, 11:10 O Observing Basics, 6:65 The old guard: Photographic plates at North American observatories, 9:20 On the rebound, 10:10 On the trail of dark nebulae, 7:68 Orbiter helps team guide Curiosity, 2:11 Orbits and ages, 11:12 Order from chaos: Genesis samples the solar wind, 10:54–57 Orion firing range, 5:10 Our amazing Moon, 10:68 P Particle conversion confirmed, 11:21 Partners shape planetary nebulae, 3:17 Pervading radiation, 9:12 The phantom bridges of Sinus magnus, 1:16 Physicists find wild neutrinos, dark energy in early universe, 12:22 Planck releases CMB findings, 7:12 Planet quirks, 8:11 Planetary lineups, 9:19, 11:16 Planets are all the rage, 5:16 Plenty more planet candidates, 4:16 Possible super-Earth in habitable zone found, 3:16 Prebiotic molecules form on interstellar ice grains, 7:20 Prime time for Neptune & Uranus, 8:80–83 Probing ice-giant atmospheres, 9:21 Pulsar system validates Einstein, 8:22 Pulsars flip-flop their radio waves and X-rays, 5:18 Q Quasar searchlights, 11:12 Questioning Einstein, 6:13 R Racing star could test relativity, 2:20 Radiation in space, 12:12 The radiation risks of a trip to Mars, 9:16 Rare rainbow phenomena, 6:64 Record galaxy, 5:17 The RegiStar connection, 10:66 The reluctant astronomer, 4:44–49


31

Remembering Carl Sagan's Cosmos, 7:52–55 The right number of images, 5:68 A ring of star-stuff, 3:10 Ring "rain" impacts Saturn's atmosphere, 8:22 The rise in open-access (unofficial) publishing, 10:14 Roaring galaxies, 3:14 Rockets rocked it, 8:12 Rounded pebbles suggest water, 9:12 Rover finds odd spherules on Mars, 1:13 A royal bubble, 4:10 S Saturnian colors, 7:12 Saturn's storm has lasting effects, 2:12 The science behind UFOs, 5:44–49 The science of comets, 11:24–29 Science's random moments, 5:9 Scientist discovers new Neptune moon, 11:20 Scientists discover bingeing stellar-mass black hole, 4:17 Secrets of the brightest objects in the universe, 7:24–29 Seeing power, 1:12 Sharing the stars with a new generation, 2:56–59 Shoot easier with the Nightscape CCD camera, 4:62–63 Shooting with a DSLR, 12:66 Six naked-eye wonders in Orion, 12:16 Sketching small planetaries, 9:68 Sketching the Orion Nebula, 2:52–55 The sky above Mars, 6:17 Skyfire, 4:24–29 Small planets surround many suns, 7:12 Solar activity on the rise, 5:12 Solar probe IRIS sees first light, 11:15 Solar system's comet recipe found around other star, 2:11 "Solar twin" has cool atmospheric layer, too, 6:12 Source of Magellanic Stream solved, 12:10 Spacecraft: Where are they now?, 12:44–47 Speaking the language of the cosmos, 12:24–29 Spice up your images with Hydrogen-alpha data, 10:60–63 Spying an active black hole, 9:16 Star system's distance refined, 9:12 Stars and nebulosity, 2:68 Stars energize "Fermi bubbles", 5:12 Stars on the wrong track, 9:12 Stellar compounds, 7:12 Stellar cradle, 2:8 Stellar magnetism, 1:12 Stellar outliers, 6:13 Stellar surprises, 10:12 Stellar evolution intermediary, 10:18 Stellarvue's 6.3-inch refractor field-tested, 3:64–65 Storm on Saturn, 8:23 Sugar in Ophiuchus, 1:10 Sun sent three bursts of material into space in two days, 8:12 The Sun-Earth stable points, 3:12 Surprise: Magnetic monster suddenly slows spin, 9:13


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Surprise: Two black holes, 2:10 Swift studies Comet ISON, 7:16 Swift takes glamour shots of the Magellanic Clouds, 10:11 T Target Hubble's galaxy classes, 5:50–55 Target: Red planet, 11:12 Target winter clusters, 1:66 Targeting galaxies, 4:66 Tasting Mars' air, 3:15 Teapot globulars, 9:14 Telltale dust grains, 3:12 10 great autumn binocular sights, 10:58–59 10 new holidays, 7:11 Test out your visual acuity, 8:18 Thunderous gamma rays, 4:12 Titan might have surface ice, 5:12 Titan's seasons, 1:12 A too-massive black hole?, 3:12 Top 10 exoplanets, 10:22–27 Top 10 space stories of 2012, 1:22–29 Torrid Mercury's icy poles, 12:30–35 Totality crosses Africa, 11:60–63 Tour our fiery solar system, 2:28–33 Travel to the stars, 6:8 20 bright comets of the past 50 years, 11:46–51 2013's historic Russian meteorite fall, 6:18–23 U Ulloa's circle, 2:14 Understanding deconvolution, 6:66 The universe's smallest exoplanet (yet), 6:16 Unlike Pluto, 3:12 Uranus has a Trojan asteroid, 12:22 V The vegetarian star, 10:9 Venus winds speed up, 10:13 Viewing versus shooting, 2:66 Vixens GPD2 mount tested, 6:62–63 Voyager's "new" solar system, 1:30–35 W Water abounds, 2:16 What are we learning from Moon rocks?, 6:54–57 What Carl Sagan meant to me, 7:53 What caused supernova 1006?, 1:12 What Halley's Comet taught us, 2:44–49 What makes a comet "great"?, 8:9 What makes a great comet?, 10:44–49 What spins as fast as a millisecond pulsar?, 10:17 What string theory tells us about the universe, 4:30–35 What's in Messier's catalog?, 4:13 What's lurking in Lynx?, 1:52–55


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What's that rock in space called?, 8:12 What's the Sun made of?, 8:16 When it pays to be an astronomer, 1:14 When stars go BANG!, 2:22–27 When the first stars and galaxies lit up the cosmos, 1:15 Where are all the asteroids?, 3:16 Where are all the Google Lunar X Prize teams?, 8:21 Where are the women?, 12:13 Where might we find life beyond Earth?, 7:16 Where will astronomy be in 40 years?, 8:38–43 Who are we?, 3:11 Why the universe has no center, 5:28–33 Wide binaries are, or were once, triplets, 4:13 Will Comet ISON be a superstar?, 1:57–59 WMAP team releases final data, 4:23 X X-ray vision of a merger, 8:13 Y Yellow supergiant likely caused 2011 supernova, 1:19 Young star suggests our Sun was a fitful child, 10:18 AUTHOR INDEX A Aldrin, Buzz

Buzz Aldrin on our future, 6:24–29 Andrews, Bill

First planets found around Sun-like stars in cluster, 1:13 Galactic evolution still prevalent, 2:17 Huge gas cloud surrounds Milky Way, 1:14 Mars rover finds proof of ancient stream, 1:18 Solar system's comet recipe found around other star, 2:11 Stellar magnetism, 1:12 What Halley's Comet taught us, 2:44–49 Yellow supergiant likely caused 2011 supernova, 1:19

B Bakich, Michael E.

Behind the scenes at Celestron, 12:50–55 A day with two dawns, 3:56–59 Discover our solar system's hidden wonders, 6:58–60 Explore spring's best deep-sky objects, 3:50–55 Explore the ultimate planetary nebula catalog, 6:46–49 A fond farewell to Comet PANSTARRS, 9:52–53 40 deep-sky targets in Sagittarius, 8:70–71 40 years of amateur astronomy, 8:52–57 Get ready for Comet PANSTARRS, 3:60–63 Give us your best shot, 11:9 How to hunt down Pluto, 7:60–63


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Hunt down summer's best dark nebulae, 8:72–75 The life and times of Al Nagler, 4:52–57 Voyager's "new" solar system, 1:30–35 What's lurking in Lynx?, 1:52–55 Will Comet ISON be a superstar?, 1:57–59

Berdyugina, Svetlana V. How to find ET with infrared light, 6:30–35

Berman, Bob Astro April Fools, 4:11 Galaxy vs. home lighting, 9:11 How solar storms could shut down Earth, 9:22–27 Hubble and the light-year, 5:11 It's random, 1:11 Martian shadows, 2:9 Night sweats, 11:10 Planet quirks, 8:11 Radiation in space, 12:12 Speaking the language of the cosmos, 12:24–29 10 new holidays, 7:11 Travel to the stars, 6:8 The vegetarian star, 10:9 Who are we?, 3:11

Burns, Andy The reluctant astronomer, 4:44–49

C Cendes, Yvette

A big eye on the violent universe, 3:28–33 Spacecraft: Where are they now?, 12:44–47

Chandler, David L. The new search for alien intelligence, 9:28–33

Chaple, Glenn A backyard asteroid mission, 1:62 Celebrate Moon Day, 7:18 Close encounters, 5:14 Dance of the spirits, 2:18 Double star fever, 6:14 Elvis and the alphabet, 8:14 Explore the Virgo cluster, 4:18 Fun facts for star party standouts, 12:20 Heavenly sketches, 10:16 Laser pointer safety, 11:14 Roaring galaxies, 3:14 Teapot globulars, 9:14

D Dorminey, Bruce

How life survived a cool early sun, 5:22–27 Druyan, Ann

Memories of Carl, 7:55 E Eicher, David

Astronomy magazine's path to "stardom", 8:58–67 A brief appreciation of galaxies, 6:6


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Civilizations in the universe, 1:9 Comet ISON begins its big show, 10:7 Comets and the Oort Cloud, 12:9 How long can we last on Earth?, 2:7 How the Sun will die, 4:9 Implications of the Russian meteorite fall, 7:9 A late start for mighty black holes, 3:9 The Milky Way's barred spiral structure, 9:9 Science's random moments, 5:9 What Carl Sagan meant to me, 7:53 What makes a comet "great"?, 8:9

Elmegreen, Bruce G. Where will astronomy be in 40 years?, 8:38–43

Elmegreen, Debra Meloy Where will astronomy be in 40 years?, 8:38–43

F Ferron, Karri

ALMA answers key galaxy evolution question, 11:12 Andromeda satellites surprise astronomers, 5:13 Astronomers discover rare supernova, 6:16 Astronomy's rising stars, 7:44–49 Capturing a born-again star, 3:13 Cassini spies mini Nile, 4:22 Colors of our starry sky, 2:34–35 Dark matter studied in 3-D, 2:16 Exoplanets found in unlikely places, 10:17 Filament of hot gas spotted, 3:13 A galactic odd couple, 1:18 Hot spots on a cool red supergiant, 8:16 How high-mass stars form, 7:13 Meteoroid disintegrates over Russia, 5:13 Most distant galaxy found with gravitational lensing, 3:13 A new way to fund astronomy, 2:20 Observing Basics, 6:65 Probing ice-giant atmospheres, 9:21 Racing star could test relativity, 2:20 Ring "rain" impacts Saturn's atmosphere, 8:22 Rover finds odd spherules on Mars, 1:13 Scientist discovers new Neptune moon, 11:20 Scientists discover bingeing stellar-mass black hole, 4:17 "Solar twin" has cool atmospheric layer, too, 6:12 Spying an active black hole, 9:16 Storm on Saturn, 8:23 Swift studies Comet ISON, 7:16 20 bright comets of the past 50 years, 11:46–51 Venus winds speed up, 10:13 Where might we find life beyond Earth?, 7:16

G Gabany, R. Jay

A backyard imager advances science, 8:76–79 Goldstein, Alan

Discover the ultra-violent sky, 7:56–59 Target Hubble's galaxy classes, 5:50–55


36

H Hallas, Tony

Deconvolution, part 2, 7:66 Experience "Camera Raw", 9:66 Galaxy rising, 3:66 Galaxy rising, part two, 4:64 "Hubba hubba" Hubble, 1:64 The most colorful stars, 8:24 The RegiStar connection, 10:66 The right number of images, 5:68 Shooting with a DSLR, 12:66 Understanding deconvolution, 6:66 Viewing versus shooting, 2:66 Vixens GPD2 mount tested, 6:62–63

Halliday, David How to find ET with infrared light, 6:30–35

Harlingten, Caisey How to find ET with infrared light, 6:30–35

Harrington, Phil Astronomy tests Oberwerk's 45° 70mm Binocular Telescope, 7:64–65 Astronomy's fourth annual Star Products, 9:58–65 11 top winter binocular gems, 12:62–63 Explore 11 spring binocular gems, 5:64–65 10 great autumn binocular sights, 10:58–59

Harris, Joel K. Totality crosses Africa, 11:60–63

Howes, Nick The reluctant astronomer, 4:44–49

Hubl, Bernhard Bernhard Hubl's unusual universe, 4:58–61

J Jennings, Karen

A beginners guide to star parties, 2:60–63 Johnson, Rick

Comparing sky surveys, 2:10 Jones, Brian

Bringing order to the southern skies, 6:50–53 K Kelly, Roen

A bright comet gets ready to shine, 1:12 How big is that constellation?, 1:18 How exoplanets compare to the solar system, 1:20

Knight, Matthew The science of comets, 11:24–29

Kronk, Gary Comets: From superstition to science, 11:30–35

Kruesi, Liz ALMA images possible missing link, 10:11 Are gullies on Mars from ice blocks?, 10:13 Astronomers detail new supernova category, 7:21 Background source?, 2:16 Black hole's spin measured, 6:11


37

Blast from merging objects imaged, 12:18 Cloudy, with no chance of stars, 5:12 Comparing sky surveys, 2:10 Cool cosmos, 7:12 Earth sports new belt, 7:20 Exoplanets galore, 2:12 Extra antimatter confirmed, 8:13 Globular clusters and their evolution, 4:20 The glow of the Americas' cities, 4:16 GRAIL maps Moon's interior in detail, 4:20 Herschel ceases observations, 8:20 How astronomers know the universe's age, 3:22–27 How exoplanets compare to the solar system, 1:20 How pallasites form, 3:12 How Planck has redefined the universe, 10:28–33 Hubble looks back -- again, 1:18 Ice on Mercury, 3:15 Identifying the Moon's water, 9:15 Link between supernova remnants and cosmic rays confirmed, 6:12 Magnetic movement, 11:12 Mercury's surface surprises, 1:20 Milky Way's haze not from supernovae?, 1:20 More evidence for cold dark matter, 10:15 Mysterious radio bursts spotted, 11:20 NASA reactivates WISE spacecraft, 12:18 New black hole, 2:16 New category of GRBs seen, 8:22 New type of variable star found, 10:14 Orbiter helps team guide Curiosity, 2:11 Orbits and ages, 11:12 Particle conversion confirmed, 11:21 Pervading radiation, 9:12 Planck releases CMB findings, 7:12 Planets are all the rage, 5:16 Possible super-Earth in habitable zone found, 3:16 Quasar searchlights, 11:12 The radiation risks of a trip to Mars, 9:16 Record galaxy, 5:17 Rounded pebbles suggest water, 9:12 Saturnian colors, 7:12 Saturn's storm has lasting effects, 2:12 Secrets of the brightest objects in the universe, 7:24–29 Seeing power, 1:12 Solar probe IRIS sees first light, 11:15 Source of Magellanic Stream solved, 12:10 Stars energize "Fermi bubbles", 5:12 Stars on the wrong track, 9:12 Stellar compounds, 7:12 Stellar evolution intermediary, 10:18 Surprise: Magnetic monster suddenly slows spin, 9:13 Surprise: Two black holes, 2:10 Telltale dust grains, 3:12 Titan might have surface ice, 5:12 Titan's seasons, 1:12 Top 10 space stories of 2012, 1:22–29 Unlike Pluto, 3:12


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Uranus has a Trojan asteroid, 12:22 Water abounds, 2:16 What caused supernova 1006?, 1:12 When the first stars and galaxies lit up the cosmos, 1:15 Why the universe has no center, 5:28–33 WMAP team releases final data, 4:23 X-ray vision of a merger, 8:13

Kuhn, Jeff R. How to find ET with infrared light, 6:30–35

L Levy, David H.

David Levy's lifetime of observations, 9:54–57 M Mammana, Dennis

Dennis Mammana's cosmic portraits, 5:56–61 Marcus, Joseph

What makes a great comet?, 10:44–49 N Nadis, Steve

Astronomers reveal the universe's hidden structure, 9:44–49 Newton, Jack

Astronomy tests the Canon 60Da, 1:60–61 O Oberg, James

Torrid Mercury's icy poles, 12:30–35 2013's historic Russian meteorite fall, 6:18–23

Odenwald, Sten What string theory tells us about the universe, 4:30–35

O'Meara, Stephen James Comet color and you, 3:18 A continent within, 11:18 Do you know about Asterion?, 4:14 Dusty veil, 7:14 Effects of the eclipse, 5:20 The long track of the Moon, 9:18 The phantom bridges of Sinus magnus, 1:16 Rare rainbow phenomena, 6:64 Six naked-eye wonders in Orion, 12:16 Stellar surprises, 10:12 Test out your visual acuity, 8:18 Ulloa's circle, 2:14

P Peach, Damian

How to observe Jupiter, 2:64–65 Peng, Eric

China's race to study the cosmos, 3:44–49 Plait, Philip

The science behind UFOs, 5:44–49 Pommier, Rod


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Spice up your images with Hydrogen-alpha data, 10:60–63 R Reddy, Francis

When stars go BANG!, 2:22–27 Rees, Martin

Is this our final century?, 7:30–35 Reynolds, Mike D.

Astronomy tests Denkmeier's Binotron-27, 10:64–65 Astronomy tests the Telescope Drive Master, 5:66–67 How to choose the right binoculars, 5:62–63 Sharing the stars with a new generation, 2:56–59

Rix, Erika Capturing comets, 12:68 Filtered solar views, 6:68 The Messier marathon, 3:68 Our amazing Moon, 10:68 Sketching small planetaries, 9:68 Stars and nebulosity, 2:68 Target winter clusters, 1:66 Targeting galaxies, 4:66 On the trail of dark nebulae, 7:68

S Scoles, Sarah

Active atmosphere, 8:12 ALMA detects rapid early star formation, 7:17 Alternative theory of gravity predicts dwarf galaxy features, 12:19 Anatomy of a comet, 11:44–45 Astronomers find a natural particle accelerator, 11:16 Astronomers find that a planet is truly blue, 11:17 Black holes big and small have symmetrical jets, 4:12 Black holes reject hot gas, 12:11 Booming black holes, 10:10 Boring on mars, 6:13 Bright black holes, 5:16 Cassini catches Earth on camera, 11:13 Chandra spies black holes, 10:14 Chilean workers at ALMA site go on strike, 12:14 Curiosity finds habitable environment on Mars, 7:13 Determining the total amount of starlight, 3:17 Distance determination, 10:10 Early bloomers, 12:10 Early galaxy made 3,000 new stars per year, 8:17 Evidence of Martian water, 6:17 Exoplanets underestimated?, 10:10 Fairest of them all?, 12:10 A field trip to the stratosphere, 11:64–66 40 greatest mysteries of the universe, 8:32–37 G2 gas cloud stretched as it rounds Milky Way's black hole, 11:13 Hubble catches galactic merger in action, 9:13 Hubble telescope takes census, 4:21 Ironing out iron, 4:12 Kepler finds smallest planets yet in habitable zone, 8:12 Lack of heavy elements in quasar suggests star formation just beginning, 4:22


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Lunar leakage, 12:10 Between M31 and M33 lurk gas blobs, 9:17 The magnetic highway, 4:12 Magnetic loops foretell solar ejections, 6:17 Massive star-forming regions illuminate galactic history, 5:12 The Milky Way's Local Arm is metropolitan, 10:18 Minerals suggest groundwater-fed lake once existed on Mars, 5:16 Mission matters, 8:12 Moon rocks might not be all Moon rock, 9:19 Partners shape planetary nebulae, 3:17 Physicists find wild neutrinos, dark energy in early universe, 12:22 Prebiotic molecules form on interstellar ice grains, 7:20 Pulsar system validates Einstein, 8:22 Pulsars flip-flop their radio waves and X-rays, 5:18 Questioning Einstein, 6:13 On the rebound, 10:10 Rockets rocked it, 8:12 Star system's distance refined, 9:12 Stellar outliers, 6:13 Sun sent three bursts of material into space in two days, 8:12 Swift takes glamour shots of the Magellanic Clouds, 10:11 Thunderous gamma rays, 4:12 a too-massive black hole?, 3:12 The universe's smallest exoplanet (yet), 6:16 Wide binaries are, or were once, triplets, 4:13 Young star suggests our Sun was a fitful child, 10:18

Shubinski, Raymond Remembering Carl Sagan's Cosmos, 7:52–55

Stoyan, Ronald Sketching the Orion Nebula, 2:52–55

T Talbot, Jon

Stellarvue's 6.3-inch refractor field-tested, 3:64–65 Talcott, Richard

A bright comet gets ready to shine, 1:12 Comet ISON blazes into glory, 11:54–59 Comet ISON brightens before dawn, 10:50–53 Comet ISON's dazzling all-night show, 12:56–61 40 greatest astronomical discoveries, 8:27–31 Get your first peek at Comet ISON, 9:50–51 Prime time for Neptune & Uranus, 8:80–83 Top 10 exoplanets, 10:22–27 Tour our fiery solar system, 2:28–33

Temple, Craig Shoot easier with the Nightscape CCD camera, 4:62–63

Temple, Tammy Shoot easier with the Nightscape CCD camera, 4:62–63

V Villard, Ray

How gravity's grand illusion reveals the universe, 1:44–49 Skyfire, 4:24–29

W


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Wadhwa, Meenakshi Order from chaos: Genesis samples the solar wind, 10:54–57 What are we learning from Moon rocks?, 6:54–57

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