succesion cases day 1

8/12/2019 Succesion Cases Day 1

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SECOND DIVISION[G.R. No. 149926. February 23, 2005.]

UNION BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, petitioner, vs.EDMUND SANTIBAEZ an FLO!EN"E SANTIBAEZ A!IOLA,

responents.

a!a"#$o % &''o!#a(e' )or *e(#(#o$er.Rober(o Ca" Ca(o"#!o )or re'*o$+e$('.

S--&/S1. REEDI&- -& CIVI- ROCED/RE /RISDICION /RISDICIONOF & RO&E CO/R. []e""'e(("e+ #' (7e ru"e (7a( a *roba(e !our( 7a'(7e 8ur#'+#!(#o$ (o +e(er#$e a"" (7e *ro*er(#e' o) (7e +e!ea'e+, (o +e(er#$e:7e(7er (7ey '7ou"+ or '7ou"+ $o( be #$!"u+e+ #$ (7e #$;e$(ory or "#'( o)*ro*er(#e' (o be a+#$#'(ere+. 7e 'a#+ !our( #' *r#ar#"y !o$!er$e+ :#(7 (7ea+#$#'(ra(#o$, "#I$ (e'(a(e'u!!e''#o$, (7ere !a$ be $o ;a"#+ *ar(#(#o$ ao$? (7e 7e#r' u$(#" a)(er (7e :#""7a' bee$ *roba(e+. 7e "a: e$8o#$' (7e *roba(e o) a :#"" a$+ (7e *ub"#! re

3. REEDI&- -& SECI&- ROCEEDINGS C-&IS &G&INS ES&EFI-ING OF & ONE C-&I &G&INS =E DECEDEN@S ES&E IN =ERO&E CO/R IS &ND&OR IN C&SE & &R. eru'#$? (7e 8o#$(a?reee$(, #( *ro;#+e' (7a( (7e 7e#r' a' *ar(#e' (7ere(o >7a;e a?ree+ (o +#;#+ebe(:ee$ (7e'e";e' a$+ (aAe *o''e''#o$ a$+ u'e (7e abo;e+e'!r#be+ !7a((e"a$+ ea!7 o) (7e (o a''ue (7e #$+eb(e+$e'' !orre'*o$+#$? (o (7e !7a((e"(aAe$ a' 7ere#$ a)(er '(a(e+ :7#!7 #' #$ )a;or o) F#r'( Cou$(ry'#+e Cre+#( Cor*.>

7e a''u*(#o$ o) "#ab#"#(y :a' !o$+#(#o$e+ u*o$ (7e 7a**e$#$? o) a$ e;e$(, (7a(#', (7a( ea!7 7e#r '7a"" (aAe *o''e''#o$ a$+ u'e o) (7e#r re'*e!(#;e '7are u$+er(7e a?reee$(. I( :a' a+e +e*e$+e$( o$ (7e ;a"#+#(y o) (7e *ar(#(#o$, a$+ (7a((7ey :ere (o a''ue (7e #$+eb(e+$e'' !orre'*o$+#$? (o (7e !7a((e" (7a( (7ey:ere ea!7 (o re!e#;e. 7e *ar(#(#o$ be#$? #$;a"#+ a' ear"#er +#'!u''e+, (7e 7e#r'#$ e))e!( +#+ $o( re!e#;e a$y 'u!7 (ra!(or. I( )o""o:' (7e$ (7a( (7e a''u*(#o$ o)"#ab#"#(y !a$$o( be ?#;e$ a$y )or!e a$+ e))e!(. 7e Cour( $o(e' (7a( (7e "oa$ :a'!o$(ra!(e+ by (7e +e!e+e$(. 7e *e(#(#o$er, *ur*or(e+"y a !re+#(or o) (7e "a(e


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E)ra# Sa$(#baBe, '7ou"+ 7a;e (7u' )#"e+ #(' o$ey !"a# :#(7 (7e *roba(e !our(#$ a!!or+a$!e :#(7 Se!(#o$ 5, Ru"e 6 o) (7e Re;#'e+ Ru"e' o) Cour( . . . . 7e)#"#$? o) a o$ey !"a# a?a#$'( (7e +e!e+e$(@' e'(a(e #$ (7e *roba(e !our( #'a$+a(ory.

D E C I S I O NC&--EO, SR., *

e)ore u' #' a *e(#(#o$ )or re;#e: o$ !er(#orar# u$+er Ru"e 45 o) (7e Re;#'e+Ru"e' o) Cour( :7#!7 'eeA' (7e re;er'a" o) (7e De!#'#o$ 1 o) (7e Cour( o)

&**ea"' +a(e+ ay 30, 2001 #$ C&G.R. CV No. 431 a))#r#$? (7e +#'#''a" 2o) (7e *e(#(#o$er@' !o*"a#$( #$ C#;#" Ca'e No. 1909 by (7e Re?#o$a" r#a" Cour(RCH o) aAa(# C#(y, ra$!7 63. Ca!=ES

7e a$(e!e+e$( )a!(' are a' )o""o:'

O$ ay 31, 190, (7e F#r'( Cou$(ry'#+e Cre+#( Cor*ora(#o$ FCCCH a$+ E)ra#. Sa$(#baBe e$(ere+ #$(o a "oa$ a?reee$( 3 #$ (7e aou$( o) 12,000.00.7e aou$( :a' #$(e$+e+ )or (7e *aye$( o) (7e *ur!7a'e *r#!e o) o$e 1H u$#(For+ 6600 &?r#!u"(ura" &""ur*o'e D#e'e" ra!(or. I$ ;#e: (7ereo), E)ra# a$+ 7#''o$, E+u$+, ee!u(e+ a *ro#''ory $o(e #$ )a;or o) (7e FCCC, (7e *r#$!#*a"'u *ayab"e #$ )#;e e


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re'*e!(#;e"y (aAe$ by (7e. SEI!&D

O$ &u?u'( 20, 191, a Dee+ o) &''#?$e$( :#(7 &''u*(#o$ o) -#ab#"#(#e' 9 :a'ee!u(e+ by a$+ be(:ee$ FCCC a$+ /$#o$ Sa;#$?' a$+ or(?a?e a$A,:7ere#$ (7e FCCC a' (7e a''#?$or, ao$? o(7er', a''#?$e+ a"" #(' a''e(' a$+

"#ab#"#(#e' (o /$#o$ Sa;#$?' a$+ or(?a?e a$A.Dea$+ "e((er' 10 )or (7e 'e(("ee$( o) 7#' a!!ou$( :ere 'e$( by *e(#(#o$er/$#o$ a$A o) (7e 7#"#**#$e' /H (o E+u$+, bu( (7e "a((er )a#"e+ (o 7ee+ (7e'ae a$+ re)u'e+ (o *ay. 7u', o$ February 5, 19, (7e *e(#(#o$er )#"e+ aCo*"a#$( 11 )or 'u o) o$ey a?a#$'( (7e 7e#r' o) E)ra# Sa$(#baBe, E+u$+a$+ F"ore$!e, be)ore (7e RC o) aAa(# C#(y, ra$!7 150, +o!Ae(e+ a' C#;#"Ca'e No. 1909. Suo$'e' :ere #''ue+ a?a#$'( bo(7, bu( (7e o$e #$(e$+e+)or E+u$+ :a' $o( 'er;e+ '#$!e 7e :a' #$ (7e /$#(e+ S(a(e' a$+ (7ere :a' $o#$)ora(#o$ o$ 7#' a++re'' or (7e +a(e o) 7#' re(ur$ (o (7e 7#"#**#$e'. 12

&!!or+#$?"y, (7e !o*"a#$( :a' $arro:e+ +o:$ (o re'*o$+e$( F"ore$!e S. &r#o"a.O$ De!eber J, 19, re'*o$+e$( F"ore$!e S. &r#o"a )#"e+ 7er &$':er 13 a$+a""e?e+ (7a( (7e "oa$ +o!ue$(' +#+ $o( b#$+ 7er '#$!e '7e :a' $o( a *ar(y(7ere(o. Co$'#+er#$? (7a( (7e 8o#$( a?reee$( '#?$e+ by 7er a$+ 7er bro(7erE+u$+ :a' $o( a**ro;e+ by (7e *roba(e !our(, #( :a' $u"" a$+ ;o#+ 7e$!e, '7e:a' $o( "#ab"e (o (7e *e(#(#o$er u$+er (7e 8o#$( a?reee$(.

O$ a$uary 29, 1990, (7e !a'e :a' u$"oa+e+ a$+ rera))"e+ (o (7e RC o)

aAa(# C#(y, ra$!7 63. 14 Co$'e


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&r#o"a u'( $e!e''ar#"y )a#". !&C=SE

7e *e(#(#o$er a**ea"e+ )ro (7e RC +e!#'#o$ a$+ e"e;a(e+ #(' !a'e (o (7eCour( o) &**ea"' C&H, a''#?$#$? (7e )o""o:#$? a' error' o) (7e (r#a" !our(1. =E CO/R & L/O ERRED IN FINDING =& =E OIN

&GREEEN EM=II &H S=O/-D E &ROVED =E RO&ECO/R.2. =E CO/R & L/O ERRED IN FINDING =& =ERE C&N E NOV&-ID &RIION &ONG =E =EIRS /NI- &FER =E I-- =&S EENRO&ED.3. =E CO/R & L/O ERRED IN NO FINDING =& =E DEFEND&N=&D &IVED =ER RIG= O =&VE =E C-&I RE-IIG&ED IN =E

ES&E ROCEEDING. 167e *e(#(#o$er a''er(e+ be)ore (7e C& (7a( (7e ob"#?a(#o$ o) (7e +e!ea'e+ 7a+*a''e+ (o 7#' "e?#(#a(e !7#"+re$ a$+ 7e#r', #$ (7#' !a'e, E+u$+ a$+ F"ore$!e(7e u$!o$+#(#o$a" '#?$#$? o) (7e 8o#$( a?reee$( arAe+ a' E7#b#( >&> e'(o**e+re'*o$+e$( F"ore$!e S. &r#o"a, a$+ (7a( '7e !a$$o( +e$y 7er "#ab#"#(y u$+er (7e'a#+ +o!ue$( a' (7e a?reee$( 7a+ bee$ '#?$e+ by bo(7 7e#r' #$ (7e#r*er'o$a" !a*a!#(y, #( :a' $o "o$?er $e!e''ary (o *re'e$( (7e 'ae be)ore (7e*roba(e !our( )or a**ro;a" (7e *ro*er(y *ar(#(#o$e+ #$ (7e a?reee$( :a' $o(o$e o) (7o'e e$uera(e+ #$ (7e 7o"o?ra*7#! :#"" a+e by (7e +e!ea'e+ a$+ (7e

a!(#;e *ar(#!#*a(#o$ o) (7e 7e#r', *ar(#!u"ar"y re'*o$+e$( F"ore$!e S. &r#o"a, #$ (7e*re'e$( or+#$ary !#;#" a!(#o$ :a' (a$(aou$( (o a :a#;er (o re"#(#?a(e (7e !"a# #$(7e e'(a(e *ro!ee+#$?'.O$ (7e o(7er 7a$+, re'*o$+e$( F"ore$!e S. &r#o"a a#$(a#$e+ (7a( (7e o$ey!"a# o) (7e *e(#(#o$er '7ou"+ 7a;e bee$ *re'e$(e+ be)ore (7e *roba(e !our(. 1J7e a**e""a(e !our( )ou$+ (7a( (7e a**ea" :a' $o( er#(or#ou' a$+ 7e"+ (7a( (7e*e(#(#o$er '7ou"+ 7a;e )#"e+ #(' !"a# :#(7 (7e *roba(e !our( a' *ro;#+e+ u$+erSe!(#o$' 1 a$+ 5, Ru"e 6 o) (7e Ru"e' o) Cour(. I( )ur(7er 7e"+ (7a( (7e *ar(#(#o$a+e #$ (7e a?reee$( :a' $u"" a$+ ;o#+, '#$!e $o ;a"#+ *ar(#(#o$ ay be 7a+u$(#" a)(er (7e :#"" 7a' bee$ *roba(e+. &!!or+#$? (o (7e C&, *a?e 2, *ara?ra*7

eH o) (7e 7o"o?ra*7#! :#"" !o;ere+ (7e 'ub8e!( *ro*er(#e' (ra!(or'H #$ ?e$er#!(er' :7e$ (7e +e!ea'e+ re)erre+ (o (7e a' >a"" o(7er *ro*er(#e'.> oreo;er,(7e a!(#;e *ar(#!#*a(#o$ o) re'*o$+e$( F"ore$!e S. &r#o"a #$ (7e !a'e +#+ $o(aou$( (o a :a#;er. 7u', (7e C& a))#re+ (7e RC +e!#'#o$, ;#.=EREFORE, *re#'e' !o$'#+ere+, (7e a**ea"e+ De!#'#o$ o) (7e Re?#o$a"r#a" Cour( o) aAa(# C#(y, ra$!7 63, #' 7ereby &FFIRED #$ (o(o. IS&!=DSO ORDERED. 1I$ (7e *re'e$( re!our'e, (7e *e(#(#o$er a'!r#be' (7e )o""o:#$? error' (o (7e C&


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I.=E =ONOR&-E CO/R OF &E&-S ERRED IN FINDING =& =EOIN &GREEEN S=O/-D E &ROVED =E RO&E CO/R.II.=E CO/R OF &E&-S ERRED IN FINDING =& =ERE C&N E NO

V&-ID &RIION &ONG =E =EIRS OF =E -&E EFR&I S&NI&E/NI- &FER =E I-- =&S EEN RO&ED.III.=E CO/R OF &E&-S ERRED IN NO FINDING =& =ERESONDEN =&D &IVED =ER RIG= O =&VE =E C-&I RE-IIG&ED IN =E ES&E ROCEEDING.IV.RESONDENS C&N, IN F&C, E =E-D OIN- &ND SEVER&-- -I&-EI= =E RINCI&- DEOR =E -&E EFR&I S&NI&E ON =ESRENG= OF =E CONIN/ING G/&R&N &GREEEN EMEC/ED IN

F&VOR OF EIIONER&E--&N /NION &NK. I&aC!V.=E ROISSOR NOES D&ED & 31, 190 IN =E S/ OF12,000.00 &ND DECEER 13, 190 IN =E &O/N OF 123,000.00C&EGORIC&-- ES&-IS=ED =E F&C =& =E RESONDENSO/ND =ESE-VES OIN- &ND SEVER&-- -I&-E I= =E -&EDEOR EFR&I S&NI&E IN F&VOR OF EIIONER /NION &NK.197e *e(#(#o$er !"a#' (7a( (7e ob"#?a(#o$' o) (7e +e!ea'e+ :ere (ra$'#((e+ (o

(7e 7e#r' a' *ro;#+e+ #$ &r(#!"e JJ4 o) (7e C#;#" Co+e (7ere :a' (7u' $o $ee+ )or(7e *roba(e !our( (o a**ro;e (7e 8o#$( a?reee$( :7ere (7e 7e#r' *ar(#(#o$e+ (7e(ra!(or' o:$e+ by (7e +e!ea'e+ a$+ a''ue+ (7e ob"#?a(#o$' re"a(e+ (7ere(o.S#$!e re'*o$+e$( F"ore$!e S. &r#o"a '#?$e+ (7e 8o#$( a?reee$( :#(7ou( a$y!o$+#(#o$, '7e #' $o: e'(o**e+ )ro a''er(#$? a$y *o'#(#o$ !o$(rary (7ere(o. 7e*e(#(#o$er a"'o *o#$(' ou( (7a( (7e 7o"o?ra*7#! :#"" o) (7e +e!ea'e+ +#+ $o(#$!"u+e $or e$(#o$ a$y o) (7e (ra!(or' 'ub8e!( o) (7e !o*"a#$(, a$+, a' 'u!7:a' beyo$+ (7e ab#( o) (7e 'a#+ :#"". 7e a!(#;e *ar(#!#*a(#o$ a$+ re'#'(a$!e o)re'*o$+e$( F"ore$!e S. &r#o"a #$ (7e or+#$ary !#;#" a!(#o$ a?a#$'( (7e *e(#(#o$er@'!"a# aou$(' (o a :a#;er o) (7e r#?7( (o 7a;e (7e !"a# *re'e$(e+ #$ (7e *roba(e

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3. Re!or+', **. 12. 4. I+. a( 131. 5. I+. a( 1920. 6. E7#b#( J. J. &$$e & o) (7e &$':er, Re!or+', *. 4.

. E7#b#( &. 9. E7#b#( G.10. E7#b#(' E a$+ F.11. Re!or+', *. 1.12. See S7er#))@' Re(ur$ o) Ser;#!e, I+. a( 39.13. Re!or+', *. 42.14. I+. a( 3.15. I+. a( 522.16. C& Ro""o, *. 43.1J. I+. a( J6.

1. Ro""o, *. 30.19. I+. a( J.20. See Or(e?a ;. Cour( o) &**ea"', 153 SCR& 96 19JH See a"'o ora"e' ;.CFI o) Ca;#(e, r. V, 146 SCR& 3J3 196H.21. See De "a Cru ;. Cao$, 16 SCR& 6 1966H.22. V+a. +e K#"ayAo ;. e$?!o, 20J SCR& 600 1992H.23. Ra""a ;. /$(a"a$, 1J2 SCR& 5 199H.24. E7#b#( J.25. E7#b#( &.

26. See Sa$+o;a" ;. Sa$(#a?o, 3 7#" J4 1949H.2J. &r(#!"e 102, Ne: C#;#" Co+e.2. See Reye' ;. '#*, 9J 7#" 11 1955H.29. See E7#b#( J.30. See De au(#'(a ;. De Gua$, 125 SCR& 6J6 193H.31. J0 SCR& 130 19J6H.32. Ib#+.33. See E7#b#( G.34. Re!or+', *. 4.35. E7#b#( G.

36. Re!or+', *. 521

EN &NC#$.!. No. L%&'(). Nove*+er &, -/0.1ESTATE OF K. H. HEMAD2, e3ease, vs. LUZON SU!ET2 "O., IN".,34ai*ant%appe44ant."4aro M. !e3to 5or appe44ee.o"e$(#$o % Gar!#a a$+ D. R. Cru )or a**e""a$(.


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'u#( a?a#$'( (7e *r#$!#*a" u*o$ 7#' +e)au"(, or (o e7au'( (7e *ro*er(y o) (7e*r#$!#*a", bu( (7e "#ab#"#(y 7ereu$+er o) (7e u$+er'#?$e+ #$+e$#(or '7a"" be 8o#$("ya$+ 'e;era""y, a *r#ary o$e, (7e 'ae a' (7a( o) (7e *r#$!#*a", a$+ '7a"" bee#?#b"e #e+#a(e"y u*o$ (7e o!!urre$!e o) 'u!7 +e)au"(.> Re!. &**. **. 9102.H

7e -uo$ Sure(y Co., *raye+ )or a""o:a$!e, a' a !o$(#$?e$( !"a#, o) (7e ;a"ueo) (7e (:e$(y bo$+' #( 7a+ ee!u(e+ #$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) (7e !ou$(erbo$+', a$+)ur(7er a'Ae+ )or 8u+?e$( )or (7e u$*a#+ *re#u' a$+ +o!ue$(ary '(a*'a))#e+ (o (7e bo$+', :#(7 12 *er !e$( #$(ere'( (7ereo$.e)ore a$':er :a' )#"e+, a$+ u*o$ o(#o$ o) (7e a+#$#'(ra(r# o) =ea+y@'e'(a(e, (7e "o:er !our(, by or+er o) Se*(eber 23, 1953, +#'#''e+ (7e !"a#' o)-uo$ Sure(y Co., o$ (:o ?rou$+' 1H (7a( (7e *re#u' +ue a$+ !o'( o)+o!ue$(ary '(a*' :ere $o( !o$(e*"a(e+ u$+er (7e #$+e$#(y a?reee$(' (obe a *ar( o) (7e u$+er(aA#$? o) (7e ?uara$(or =ea+yH, '#$!e (7ey :ere $o("#ab#"#(#e' #$!urre+ a)(er (7e ee!u(#o$ o) (7e !ou$(erbo$+' a$+ 2H (7a(

>:7a(e;er "o''e' ay o!!ur a)(er =ea+y@' +ea(7, are $o( !7ar?eab"e (o 7#'e'(a(e, be!au'e u*o$ 7#' +ea(7 7e !ea'e+ (o be ?uara$(or.>aA#$? u* (7e "a((er *o#$( )#r'(, '#$!e #( #' (7e o$e ore )ar rea!7#$? #$ e))e!(', (7erea'o$#$? o) (7e !our( be"o: ra$ a' )o""o:'>7e a+#$#'(ra(r# )ur(7er !o$(e$+' (7a( u*o$ (7e +ea(7 o) =ea+y, 7#' "#ab#"#(ya' a ?uara$(or (er#$a(e+, a$+ (7ere)ore, #$ (7e ab'e$!e o) a '7o:#$? (7a( a"o'' or +aa?e :a' 'u))ere+, (7e !"a# !a$$o( be !o$'#+ere+ !o$(#$?e$(. 7#'Cour( be"#e;e' (7a( (7ere #' er#( #$ (7#' !o$(e$(#o$ a$+ )#$+' 'u**or( #$ &r(#!"e2046 o) (7e $e: C#;#" Co+e. I( '7ou"+ be $o(e+ (7a( a $e: re


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>Co$(ra!(' (aAe e))e!( o$"y a' be(:ee$ (7e *ar(#e', (7e#r a''#?$' a$+ 7e#r',e!e*( #$ (7e !a'e :7ere (7e r#?7(' a$+ ob"#?a(#o$' ar#'#$? )ro (7e !o$(ra!( are$o( (ra$'#''#b"e by (7e#r $a(ure, or by '(#*u"a(#o$ or by *ro;#'#o$ o) "a:.>7#"e #$ our 'u!!e''#o$a" 'y'(e (7e re'*o$'#b#"#(y o) (7e 7e#r' )or (7e +eb(' o)(7e#r +e!e+e$( !a$$o( e!ee+ (7e ;a"ue o) (7e #$7er#(a$!e (7ey re!e#;e )ro 7#,

(7e *r#$!#*"e rea#$' #$(a!( (7a( (7e'e 7e#r' 'u!!ee+ $o( o$"y (o (7e r#?7(' o) (7e+e!ea'e+ bu( a"'o (o 7#' ob"#?a(#o$'. &r(#!"e' JJ4 a$+ JJ6 o) (7e Ne: C#;#" Co+ea$+ &r(#!"e' 659 a$+ 661 o) (7e *re!e+#$? o$eH e*re''"y 'o *ro;#+e, (7ereby!o$)#r#$? &r(#!"e 1311 a"rea+y &R. JJ4. Su!!e''#o$ #' a o+e o) a!/$+er (7e C#;#" Co+e (7e 7e#r', by ;#r(ue o) (7e r#?7(' o) 'u!!e''#o$ are'ubro?a(e+ (o a"" (7e r#?7(' a$+ ob"#?a(#o$' o) (7e +e!ea'e+ &r(#!"e 661H a$+!a$ $o( be re?ar+e+ a' (7#r+ *ar(#e' :#(7 re'*e!( (o a !o$(ra!( (o :7#!7 (7e+e!ea'e+ :a' a *ar(y, (ou!7#$? (7e e'(a(e o) (7e +e!ea'e+ arr#o' ;'. Do"or, 27#". 44H. >7e *r#$!#*"e o$ :7#!7 (7e'e +e!#'#o$' re'( #' $o( a))e!(e+ by (7e *ro;#'#o$' o)(7e $e: Co+e o) C#;#" ro!e+ure, a$+, #$ a!!or+a$!e :#(7 (7a( *r#$!#*"e, (7e

7e#r' o) a +e!ea'e+ *er'o$ !a$$o( be 7e"+ (o be >(7#r+ *er'o$'> #$ re"a(#o$ (oa$y !o$(ra!(' (ou!7#$? (7e rea" e'(a(e o) (7e#r +e!e+e$( :7#!7 !oe' #$ (o (7e#r7a$+' by r#?7( o) #$7er#(a$!e (7ey (aAe 'u!7 *ro*er(y 'ub8e!( (o a"" (7eob"#?a(#o$' re'(#$? (7ereo$ #$ (7e 7a$+' o) 7# )ro :7o (7ey +er#;e (7e#rr#?7('.>See a"'o Ga"a'#$ao ;'. &u'(r#a, 51 O)). Ga. No. 6H *. 2J4 a$+ +e Gua$;'. Sa"aA, 91 7#"., 265H.7e b#$+#$? e))e!( o) !o$(ra!(' u*o$ (7e 7e#r' o) (7e +e!ea'e+ *ar(y #' $o(a"(ere+ by (7e *ro;#'#o$ #$ our Ru"e' o) Cour( (7a( o$ey +eb(' o) a +e!ea'e+u'( be "# o) *a(r#o$#a" r#?7(' a$+ +u(#e' (7a(, a'ob'er;e+ by V#!(or#o o"a!!o, 7a' !7ara!(er#e+ (7e 7#'(ory o) (7e'e #$'(#(u(#o$'.


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Fro (7e Roa$ !o$!e*( o) a re"a(#o$ )ro *er'o$ (o *er'o$, (7e ob"#?a(#o$ 7a'e;o";e+ #$(o a re"a(#o$ )ro *a(r#o$y (o *a(r#o$y, :#(7 (7e *er'o$' o!!u*y#$?o$"y a re*re'e$(a(#;e *o'#(#o$, barr#$? (7o'e rare !a'e' :7ere (7e ob"#?a(#o$ #''(r#!("y *er'o$a", #.e., #' !o$(ra!(e+ #$(u#(u *er'o$ae, #$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) #('*er)ora$!e by a '*e!#)#! *er'o$ a$+ by $o o(7er. 7e (ra$'#(#o$ #' arAe+ by

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(7a( (7e -uo$ Sure(y Co., +#+ $o( reo$e :7o #' ob"#?e+ (o )ur$#'7 a ?uara$(or u'( *re'e$( a *er'o$ :7o*o''e''e' #$(e?r#(y, !a*a!#(y (o b#$+ 7#'e"), a$+ 'u))#!#e$( *ro*er(y (o a$':er

)or (7e ob"#?a(#o$ :7#!7 7e ?uara$(ee'>. I( :#"" be $o(e+, 7o:e;er, (7a( (7e "a:re


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o) "a:, 7#' e;e$(ua" "#ab#"#(y (7ereu$+er $e!e''ar#"y *a''e+ u*o$ 7#' +ea(7 (o 7#'7e#r'. 7e !o$(ra!(', (7ere)ore, ?#;e r#'e (o !o$(#$?e$( !"a#' *ro;ab"e a?a#$'(7#' e'(a(e u$+er 'e!(#o$ 5, Ru"e J 2 ora$, 1952 e+., *. 43J Ga'Ae"" % Co.;'. a$ S#(, 43 7#". 10, 14H.>7e o'( !oo$ ea*"e o) (7e !o$(#$?e$( !"a# #' (7a( :7#!7 ar#'e' :7e$ a

*er'o$ #' bou$+ a' 'ure(y or ?uara$(or )or a *r#$!#*a" :7o #' #$'o";e$( or +ea+./$+er (7e or+#$ary !o$(ra!( o) 'ure(y'7#* (7e 'ure(y 7a' $o !"a# :7a(e;era?a#$'( 7#' *r#$!#*a" u$(#" 7e 7#'e") *ay' 'oe(7#$? by :ay o) 'a(#')a!(#o$ u*o$(7e ob"#?a(#o$ :7#!7 #' 'e!ure+. 7e$ 7e +oe' (7#', (7ere #$'(a$("y ar#'e' #$)a;or o) (7e 'ure(y (7e r#?7( (o !o*e" (7e *r#$!#*a" (o eo$era(e (7e 'ure(y. u(u$(#" (7e 'ure(y 7a' !o$(r#bu(e+ 'oe(7#$? (o (7e *aye$( o) (7e +eb(, or 7a'*er)ore+ (7e 'e!ure+ ob"#?a(#o$ #$ :7o"e or #$ *ar(, 7e 7a' $o r#?7( o) a!(#o$a?a#$'( a$ybo+y $o !"a# (7a( !ou"+ be re+u!e+ (o 8u+?e$(. ay ;'. Va$$,15 "a., 553 G#b'o$ ;'. #(!7e"", 16 "a., 519 aey ;'. Car(er, 10 ar?.[e$$.], 521 Ree;e' ;'. u""#a, J a(. [e$$.], 119 Er$'( ;'. Nou, 63 #'.,

134.H>For +e)e$+a$( a+#$#'(ra(r# #( #' a;erre+ (7a( (7e abo;e +o!(r#$e re)er' (o a !a'e:7ere (7e 'ure(y )#"e' !"a#' a?a#$'( (7e e'(a(e o) (7e *r#$!#*a" +eb(or a$+ #( #'ur?e+ (7a( (7e ru"e +oe' $o( a**"y (o (7e !a'e be)ore u', :7ere (7e "a(e =ea+y:a' a 'ure(y, $o( a *r#$!#*a" +eb(or. 7e ar?ue$( e;#$!e' a 'u*er)#!#a" ;#e: o)(7e re"a(#o$' be(:ee$ *ar(#e'. I) u$+er (7e Ga'Ae"" ru"#$?, (7e -uo$ Sure(y Co.,a' ?uara$(or, !ou"+ )#"e a !o$(#$?e$( !"a# a?a#$'( (7e e'(a(e o) (7e *r#$!#*a"+eb(or' #) (7e "a((er '7ou"+ +#e, (7ere #' ab'o"u(e"y $o rea'o$ :7y #( !ou"+ $o( )#"e'u!7 a !"a# a?a#$'( (7e e'(a(e o) =ea+y, '#$!e =ea+y #' a 'o"#+ary !o

+eb(or o) 7#' *r#$!#*a"'. 7a( (7e -uo$ Sure(y Co. ay !"a# )ro (7e e'(a(e o)a *r#$!#*a" +eb(or #( ay e


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#' u$+#'*u(e+, (7e *ur!7a'er o) 7ere+#(ary *ro*er(y #' $o( +eee+ (o 7a;ea!


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O$ O!(ober 20, 1951, o'e V. Ra#re +#e+. Sub'e


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ay 13, 1959, +#'#''#$? *"a#$(#))@' !o*"a#$( o$ (7e ?rou$+' (7a( '7e 7a' $or#?7( (o re+ee (7e *ro*er(y a$+ (7a(, #) e;er '7e 7a+ a$y, '7e eer!#'e+ (7e'ae beyo$+ (7e '(a(u(ory 30+ay *er#o+ )or "e?a" re+e*(#o$' *ro;#+e+ by (7eC#;#" Co+e. 7e !ou$(er!"a# o) +e)e$+a$( )or +aa?e' :a' "#Ae:#'e +#'#''e+)or $o( be#$? 'u))#!#e$("y e'(ab"#'7e+. o(7 *ar(#e' a**ea"e+ +#re!("y (o (7#' Cour(.

a'e+ o$ (7e )ore?o#$? )a!(', (7e a#$ #''ue' *o'e+ #$ (7#' a**ea" are 1H:7e(7er or $o( *"a#$(#))a**e""a$(, 7a;#$? bee$ be&R. 1620. & !oo:$er o) a (7#$? ay eer!#'e (7e r#?7( o) re+e*(#o$ #$

!a'e (7e '7are' o) a"" (7e o(7er !oo:$er' or o) a$y o) (7e, are 'o"+ (o a (7#r+*er'o$. I) (7e *r#!e o) (7e a"#e$a(#o$ #' ?ro''"y e!e''#;e, (7e re+e*(#o$er '7a""*ay o$"y a rea'o$ab"e o$e.S7ou"+ (:o or ore !oo:$er' +e'#re (o eer!#'e (7e r#?7( o) re+e*(#o$, (7eyay o$"y +o 'o #$ *ro*or(#o$ (o (7e '7are (7ey ay re'*e!(#;e"y 7a;e #$ (7e(7#$? o:$e+ #$ !oo$. 1522aH>>&R. 1623. 7e r#?7( o) "e?a" *ree*(#o$ or re+e*(#o$ '7a"" $o( beeer!#'e+ e!e*( :#(7#$ (7#r(y +ay' )ro (7e $o(#!e #$ :r#(#$? by (7e *ro'*e!(#;e;e$+or, or by (7e ;e$+or, a' (7e !a'e ay be. 7e +ee+ o) 'a"e '7a"" $o( be

re!or+e+ #$ (7e Re?#'(ry o) ro*er(y, u$"e'' a!!o*a$#e+ by a$ a))#+a;#( o) (7e;e$+or (7a( 7e 7a' ?#;e$ :r#((e$ $o(#!e (7ereo) (o a"" *o''#b"e re+e*(#o$er'.7e r#?7( o) re+e*(#o$ o) !oo:$er' e!"u+e' (7a( o) a+8o#$#$? o:$er'.1524aH>7a( (7e a**e""a$( &$?e"a . u((e #' e$(#("e+ (o eer!#'e (7e r#?7( o) "e?a"re+e*(#o$ #' !"ear. &' (e'(ae$(ary 7e#r o) (7e e'(a(e o) . V. Ra#re, '7e a$+7er !o7e#r' a!&R. JJ6. 7e #$7er#(a$!e #$!"u+e' a"" (7e *ro*er(y, r#?7(' a$+ ob"#?a(#o$' o) a*er'o$ :7#!7 are $o( e(#$?u#'7e+ by 7#' +ea(7. 659H>>&R. JJJ. 7e r#?7(' (o (7e 'u!!e''#o$ are (ra$'#((e+ )ro (7e oe$( o) (7e+ea(7 o) (7e +e!e+e$(. 65JaH>>&R. 94J. 7e "e?a(ee or +e;#'e' a!


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1aH>7e *r#$!#*"e o) (ra$'#''#o$ a' o) (7e (#e o) (7e *re+e!e''or@' +ea(7 #' ba'#!#$ our C#;#" Co+e, a$+ #' 'u**or(e+ by o(7er re"a(e+ ar(#!"e'. 7u', (7e !a*a!#(yo) (7e 7e#r #' +e(er#$e+ a' o) (7e (#e (7e +e!e+e$( +#e+ &r(. 1034H (7e"e?#(#e #' (o be !o*u(e+ a' o) (7e 'ae oe$( &r(. 90H, a$+ 'o #' (7e

#$o))#!#ou'$e'' o) (7e +o$a(#o$' #$(er ;#;o' &r(. JJ1H. S##"ar"y, (7e "e?a!#e' o)!re+#( a$+ re#''#o$ are ;a"#+ o$"y #$ (7e aou$( +ue a$+ ou('(a$+#$? a( (7e+ea(7 o) (7e (e'(a(or &r(. 935H, a$+ (7e )ru#(' a!!ru#$? a)(er (7a( #$'(a$( are+eee+ (o *er(a#$ (o (7e "e?a(ee &r(. 94H.

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I( #' ar?ue+ (7a( (7e a!(ua" '7are o) a**e""a$( r'. u((e #$ (7e e'(a(e o) o'e V.Ra#re 7a' $o( bee$ '*e!#)#!a""y +e(er#$e+ a' ye(, (7a( #( #' '(#"" !o$(#$?e$(a$+ (7a( (7e "#


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aH De!"ar#$? (7e !o$'#?$a(#o$ o) 500,000 a+e by a**e""a$( &$?e"a .u((e +u"y a$+ *ro*er"y a+ebH De!"ar#$? (7a( 'a#+ a**e""a$( *ro*er"y eer!#'e+ #$ +ue (#e (7e "e?a"re+e*(#o$ o) (7e o$e'#(7 1T6H u$+#;#+e+ *or(#o$ o) (7e "a$+ !o;ere+ byCer(#)#!a(e o) #("e No. 59363 o) (7e O))#!e o) (7e Re?#'(er o) Dee+' o) (7e C#(y o)

a$#"a, 'o"+ o$ De!eber 9, 195 by ar#e Gar$#er V+a. +e Ra#re (oa**e""a$( a$ue" /y % So$', I$!.!H Or+er#$? a**e""a$( a$ue" /y % So$', I$!. (o a!!e*( (7e !o$'#?$e+ *r#!ea$+ (o !o$;ey (o &$?e"a . u((e (7e u$+#;#+e+ *or(#o$ abo;ere)erre+ (o, :#(7#$30 +ay' )ro (7e (#e our +e!#'#o$ be!oe' )#$a", a$+ 'ub'e


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*ro;#'#o$' o) (7e C#;#" Co+e re?ar+#$? )ora"#(#e' o) :#""' a$+ (e'(ae$(',!o$'#+er#$? (7a( (7e Dee+' :ere +o$a(#o$ or(#' !au'a. 7e RC )a;orab"yru"e+ )or (7e re'*o$+e$('. =e$!e, (7#' *e(#(#o$.e(#(#o$er' #$'#'(e+ (7a( (7e Dee+' :ere #$(er ;#;o' +o$a(#o$' a' (7ey :erea+e by (7e "a(e Co$!7#(a >#$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) (7e "o;e a$+ a))e!(#o$ o) (7e

+o$or> )or (7e +o$ee, a$+ (7ere :a' $o(7#$? #$ (7e Dee+' :7#!7 #$+#!a(e (7a( (7e+o$a(#o$' :ere a+e #$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) Co$!7#(a@' +ea(7. e(#(#o$er' )ur(7era""e?e+ (7a( (7e '(#*u"a(#o$ o$ re'!#''#o$ #$ !a'e *e(#(#o$er' +#e a7ea+ o)Co$!7#(a :a' a re'o"u(ory !o$+#(#o$ (7a( !o$)#re+ (7e $a(ure o) (7e +o$a(#o$'a' #$(er ;#;o'.7e Su*ree Cour( )ou$+ *e(#(#o$er'@ ar?ue$(' bere)( o) er#(. I( 7e"+ (7a( #$ a+o$a(#o$ or(#' !au'a, >(7e r#?7( o) +#'*o'#(#o$ #' $o( (ra$')erre+ (o (7e +o$ee:7#"e (7e +o$or #' '(#"" a"#;e.> I$ (7e *re'e$( !a'e, (7e $a(ure o) (7e +o$a(#o$' a'or(#' !au'a :a' !o$)#re+ by (7e )a!( (7a( (7e +o$a(#o$' +#+ $o( !o$(a#$ a$y!"ear *ro;#'#o$ (7a( #$(e$+' (o *a'' *ro*r#e(ary r#?7(' (o *e(#(#o$er' *r#or (o

Co$!7#(a@' +ea(7. 7e *7ra'e >(o be!oe e))e!(#;e u*o$ (7e +ea(7 o) (7eDONOR> a+#(' o) $o o(7er #$(er*re(a(#o$ bu( (7a( Co$!7#(a +#+ $o( #$(e$+ (o(ra$')er (7e o:$er'7#* o) (7e *ro*er(#e' (o *e(#(#o$er' +ur#$? 7er "#)e(#e. 7a((7e +o$a(#o$' :ere a+e >#$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) (7e "o;e a$+ a))e!(#o$ o) (7e+o$or> +#+ $o(


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*r#or (o Caba(#$?a$@' +ea(7. 7e *7ra'e >(o be!oe e))e!(#;e u*o$ (7e +ea(7 o)(7e DONOR> a+#(' o) $o o(7er #$(er*re(a(#o$ bu( (7a( Caba(#$?a$ +#+ $o( #$(e$+(o (ra$')er (7e o:$er'7#* o) (7e *ro*er(#e' (o *e(#(#o$er' +ur#$? 7er "#)e(#e.2. ID. ID. ID. & E &DE IN CONSIDER&ION OF =E -OVE &ND

&FFECION OF =E DONOR O =E DONEE. 7a( (7e +o$a(#o$' :ere

a+e >#$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) (7e "o;e a$+ a))e!(#o$ o) (7e +o$or> +oe' $o(


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be'(o:#$? u*o$ aH *e(#(#o$er E'(e"a C. a?"a'a$?, (:o 2H *ar!e"' o) "a$+ o$e "o!a(e+ #$ Co?o$, Cebu 30J '7a( )or a$+ #$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) (7e "o;e a$+ a))e!(#o$ o) (7e DONOR )or (7eDONEE, . . . (7e DONOR +oe' 7ereby, by (7e'e *re'e$(', (ra$')er, !o$;ey, by:ay o) +o$a(#o$, u$(o (7e DONEE (7e abo;e+e'!r#be+ *ro*er(y, (o?e(7er :#(7(7e bu#"+#$?' a$+ a"" #*ro;ee$(' e#'(#$? (7ereo$, (o be!oe e))e!(#;e u*o$(7e +ea(7 o) (7e DONOR ROVIDED, =OEVER, (7a( #$ (7e e;e$( (7a( (7eDONEE '7ou"+ +#e be)ore (7e DONOR, (7e *re'e$( +o$a(#o$ '7a"" be +eee+au(oa(#!a""y re'!#$+e+ a$+ o) $o )ur(7er )or!e a$+ e))e!( . . .> 3 E*7a'#'Our'HO$ ay 9, 1995, Co$!7#(a Caba(#$?a$ +#e+.

/*o$ "ear$#$? o) (7e e#'(e$!e o) (7e )ore?o#$? +o$a(#o$', re'*o$+e$(' )#"e+ :#(7(7e Re?#o$a" r#a" Cour( o) a$+aue, ra$!7 55, a$ a!(#o$ )or &$$u"e$(

&$+TOr De!"ara(#o$ o) Nu""#(y o) Dee+' o) Do$a(#o$' a$+ &!!ou$(#$?, +o!Ae(e+a' C#;#" Ca'e No. &N2599, 'eeA#$? (7e a$$u"e$( o) 'a#+ )our 4H +ee+' o)+o$a(#o$ ee!u(e+ o$ a$uary 14, 1995. Re'*o$+e$(' a""e?e, #$(er a"#a, (7a(*e(#(#o$er', (7rou?7 (7e#r '#$#'(er a!7#$a(#o$' a$+ '(ra(e?#e' a$+ (aA#$?a+;a$(a?e o) Co$!7#(a Caba(#$?a$@' )ra?#"e !o$+#(#o$, !au'e+ (7e ee!u(#o$ o)(7e +ee+' o) +o$a(#o$, a$+, (7a( (7e +o!ue$(' are ;o#+ )or )a#"#$? (o !o*"y:#(7 (7e *ro;#'#o$' o) (7e C#;#" Co+e re?ar+#$? )ora"#(#e' o) :#""' a$+

(e'(ae$(', !o$'#+er#$? (7a( (7e'e are +o$a(#o$' or(#' !au'a. 4 Re'*o$+e$('*raye+ (7a( a re!e#;er be a**o#$(e+ #$ or+er (o *re'er;e (7e +#'*u(e+ *ro*er(#e',a$+, (7a( (7ey be +e!"are+ a' !oo:$er' o) (7e *ro*er(#e' #$ e=EREFORE, a$+ #$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) a"" (7e )ore?o#$?, 8u+?e$( #' 7erebyre$+ere+ #$ )a;or o) (7e *"a#$(#))' a$+ a?a#$'( (7e +e)e$+a$( a$+ u$:#""#$? !o*"a#$(#)) :#(7 re?ar+' '#!H (o (7e )our Dee+' o) Do$a(#o$ &$$ee' >&>, >&1>, >>a$+ &$$e >C> :7#!7 #' (7e 'ub8e!( o) (7#' *ar(#a" +e!#'#o$ byaH De!"ar#$? (7e )our Dee+' o) Do$a(#o$ a' $u"" a$+ ;o#+ ab #$#(#o )or be#$? a+o$a(#o$ or(#' Cau'a a$+ )or )a#"ure (o !o*"y :#(7 )ora" a$+ 'o"e$ re


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(7e 7e#r' o) (7e +e!ea'e+ Co$!7#(a Caba(#$?a$ a$+ (7ere)ore 7ere+#(ary !oo:$er' o) (7e *ro*er(#e' 'ub8e!( o) (7#' *ar(#a" +e!#'#o$, a' a$+a(e+ u$+er &r(.JJJ o) (7e Ne: C#;#" Co+eSO ORDERED.> J7e !our( a #$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) (7e "o;e a$+ a))e!(#o$o) (7e +o$or> )or (7e +o$ee, a$+ (7ere #' $o(7#$? #$ (7e +ee+' :7#!7 #$+#!a(e (7a((7e +o$a(#o$' :ere a+e #$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) Caba(#$?a$@' +ea(7. 11 I$ a++#(#o$,*e(#(#o$er' !o$(e$+ (7a( (7e '(#*u"a(#o$ o$ re'!#''#o$ #$ !a'e *e(#(#o$er' +#ea7ea+ o) Caba(#$?a$ #' a re'o"u(ory !o$+#(#o$ (7a( !o$)#r' (7e $a(ure o) (7e+o$a(#o$ a' #$(er ;#;o'.e(#(#o$er'@ ar?ue$(' are bere)( o) er#(.I$ a +o$a(#o$ or(#' !au'a, >(7e r#?7( o) +#'*o'#(#o$ #' $o( (ra$')erre+ (o (7e

+o$ee :7#"e (7e +o$or #' '(#"" a"#;e.> 12 I$ +e(er#$#$? :7e(7er a +o$a(#o$ #' o$eo) or(#' !au'a, (7e )o""o:#$? !7ara!(er#'(#!' u'( be (aAe$ #$(o a!!ou$(1H I( !o$;ey' $o (#("e or o:$er'7#* (o (7e (ra$')eree be)ore (7e +ea(7 o) (7e(ra$')eror or :7a( aou$(' (o (7e 'ae (7#$?, (7a( (7e (ra$')eror '7ou"+ re(a#$(7e o:$er'7#* )u"" or $aAe+H a$+ !o$(ro" o) (7e *ro*er(y :7#"e a"#;e2H 7a( be)ore 7#' +ea(7, (7e (ra$')er '7ou"+ be re;o!ab"e by (7e (ra$')eror a(:#"", a+ $u(u bu( re;o!ab#"#(y ay be *ro;#+e+ )or #$+#re!("y by ea$' o) are'er;e+ *o:er #$ (7e +o$or (o +#'*o'e o) (7e *ro*er(#e' !o$;eye+a$+3H 7a( (7e (ra$')er '7ou"+ be ;o#+ #) (7e (ra$')eror '7ou"+ 'ur;#;e (7e

(ra$')eree. 13I$ (7e *re'e$( !a'e, (7e $a(ure o) (7e +o$a(#o$' a' or(#' !au'a #' !o$)#re+ by(7e )a!( (7a( (7e +o$a(#o$' +o $o( !o$(a#$ a$y !"ear *ro;#'#o$ (7a( #$(e$+' (o*a'' *ro*r#e(ary r#?7(' (o *e(#(#o$er' *r#or (o Caba(#$?a$@' +ea(7. 14 7e *7ra'e>(o be!oe e))e!(#;e u*o$ (7e +ea(7 o) (7e DONOR> a+#(' o) $o o(7er#$(er*re(a(#o$ bu( (7a( Caba(#$?a$ +#+ $o( #$(e$+ (o (ra$')er (7e o:$er'7#* o) (7e*ro*er(#e' (o *e(#(#o$er' +ur#$? 7er "#)e(#e. e(#(#o$er' (7e'e";e' e*re''"y!o$)#re+ (7e +o$a(#o$' a' or(#' !au'a #$ (7e )o""o:#$? &!!e*(a$!e a$+


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&((e'(a(#o$ !"au'e', u$#)or"y )ou$+ #$ (7e 'ub8e!( +ee+' o) +o$a(#o$, (o :#(>7a( (7e DONEE +oe' 7ereby a!!e*( (7e )ore?o#$? +o$a(#o$ or(#' !au'au$+er (7e (er' a$+ !o$+#(#o$' 'e( )or(7 (7ere#$, a$+ a;a#" 7er'e") o) (7#'o!!a'#o$ (o e*re'' 7er *ro)ou$+ ?ra(#(u+e )or (7e A#$+$e'' a$+ ?e$ero'#(y o)(7e DONOR.>

>SIGNED by (7e abo;e$ae+ DONOR a$+ DONEE a( (7e )oo( o) (7#' Dee+ o)Do$a(#o$ or(#' !au'a, :7#!7 !o$'#'(' o) (:o 2H *a?e' . . . .> 157a( (7e +o$a(#o$' :ere a+e >#$ !o$'#+era(#o$ o) (7e "o;e a$+ a))e!(#o$ o) (7e+o$or> +oe' $o( 1No(ab"y, (7e )ore?o#$? *ro;#'#o$ #' '##"ar (o (7a( !o$(a#$e+ #$ (7e +o$a(#o$ee!u(e+ by Caba(#$?a$. e 7e"+ #$ e#ba$ !a'e (7a( (7e +o$a(#o$ #' a or(#'!au'a +o$a(#o$, a$+ (7a( (7e abo;e 19e a**"y (7e abo;e ru"#$?' (o (7e *re'e$( !a'e. 7e 7ere#$ 'ub8e!( +ee+'e*re''"y *ro;#+e (7a( (7e +o$a(#o$ '7a"" be re'!#$+e+ #$ !a'e *e(#(#o$er'*re+e!ea'e Co$!7#(a Caba(#$?a$. &' '(a(e+ #$ Reye' ;. o'


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+o$a(e+ be (ra$')erre+ (o (7e +o$ee or #$+e*e$+e$("y o), a$+ $o( by rea'o$ o)7er +ea(7, '7e :ou"+ 7a;e $o( e*re''e+ 'u!7 *ro;#'o #$ (7e 'ub8e!( +ee+'.Co$'#+er#$? (7a( (7e +#'*u(e+ +o$a(#o$' are +o$a(#o$' or(#' !au'a, (7e 'ae*ar(aAe o) (7e $a(ure o) (e'(ae$(ary *ro;#'#o$' 21 a$+ a' 'u!7, 'a#+ +ee+'u'( be ee!u(e+ #$ a!!or+a$!e :#(7 (7e re&> (o >C>, **. 99106. 3. Ib#+. 4. Or#?#$a" Re!or+', &e$+e+ Co*"a#$(, **. 939J. 5. Or#?#$a" Re!or+', *. 9J. 6. &e$+e+ &$':er, **. 23 Or#?#$a" Re!or+', **. 125126.


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J. De!#'#o$, *. Or#?#$a" Re!or+', *. 20J. . Or#?#$a" Re!or+', See ar(#a" De!#'#o$ +a(e+ De!eber 2, 199J, *. 200. 9. 7e *e(#(#o$ :a' ?#;e$ +ue !our'e *er S.C. Re'o"u(#o$ +a(e+ &*r#" 24,199.10. e(#(#o$, *. 5 Ro""o, *. 1J.

11. e(#(#o$, **. 1314 Ro""o, **. 2526.12. S#!a+ ;. Cour( o) &**ea"', 294 SCR& 13 [199], *. 193.13. Reye' ;. o'> (o >E>, **. 4552.16. S#!a+ ;. Cour( o) &**ea"', 'u*ra, *. 194, !#(#$? &"e8a$+ro ;. Gera"+e, JSCR& 245 [19JJ].1J. 131 SCR& 264 [194].1. Ib#+., *. 269.

19. Ib#+., *. 2J0.20. See No(e 13.21. &r(#!"e J2, C#;#" Co+e.

C o * y r # ? 7 ( 2 0 0 2 C D e ! 7 $ o " o ? # e ' & ' # a, I $ !.

=IRD DIVISION[G.R. No. 146006. February 23, 2004.]OSE C. -EE &ND &-& &GG&&O, #$ (7e#r !a*a!#(#e' a' re'#+e$( a$+

Cor*ora(e Se!re(ary, re'*e!(#;e"y, o) 7#"#**#$e' I$(er$a(#o$a" -#)e I$'ura$!eCo*a$y, a$+ FI-IINO -O&N &SSIS&NCE GRO/, *e(#(#o$er', ;'.REGION&- RI&- CO/R OF L/EON CI R&NC= 5 *re'#+e+ by/DGE EDRO . &REO-&, R&NC= C-ERK OF CO/R &NICE .

&NERO, DE/ S=ERIFFS &DEN&/ER G. RIVER& a$+ EDRO -.OR&, a"" o) (7e Re?#o$a" r#a" Cour( o) Lueo$ C#(y ra$!7 5, &. DIVIN&ENDERES !"a##$? (o be S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(r#, a$+ o(7er *er'o$'T*ub"#!o))#!er' a!(#$? )or a$+ #$ (7e#r be7a"), re'*o$+e$('.

&!o'(a &?u#rre % Fer$a$+e -a: F#r )or *e(#(#o$er'.#!ao uy!o a$ F#+er a$+ Sa$(o' )or re'*o$+e$('.

SNOSISDr. u;e$!#o . Or(aBe o:$e+ $#$e(y *er!e$( 90QH o) (7e 'ub'!r#be+ !a*#(a"'(o!A o) 7#"#**#$e I$(er$a(#o$a" -#)e I$'ura$!e Co*a$y, I$!. 7#"#$(er"#)eH. &)(er7#' +ea(7, 7e :a' 'ur;#;e+ by 7#' :#)e, u"#a$a Sa"?a+o Or(aBe, (7ree"e?#(#a(e !7#"+re$, $ae"y Ra)ae", o'e a$+ &$(o$#o a$+ )#;e #""e?#(#a(e!7#"+re$ by -#?aya No;#!#o, $ae"y a. D#;#$a Or(aBeE$+ere', o'e Or(aBe,Roeo Or(aBe, E$r#!o a$ue" Or(aBe a$+ Cear Or(aBe. Ra)ae" a$+ o'eOr(aBe :ere a**o#$(e+ a' '*e!#a" a+#$#'(ra(or' o) 7#' e'(a(e. =o:e;er, +ur#$?


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(7e *e$+e$!y o) (7e e'(a(e *ro!ee+#$?', u"#a$a Or(aBe a$+ 7er (:o 'o$',Ra)ae" a$+ o'e, e$(ere+ #$(o a eora$+u o) &?reee$( )or (7e e(ra8u+#!#a"'e(("ee$( o) (7e e'(a(e o) Dr. Or(aBe by *ar(#(#o$#$? (7e 'a#+ e'(a(e ao$?(7e'e";e'. y rea'o$ (7ereo), u"#a$a Or(aBe 'o"+ (7e 1,014 7#"#$(er"#)e'7are' o) '(o!A' a$+ o'e Or(aBe a"'o 'o"+ (7e 1,011 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' #$

)a;or o) F#"#*#$o -oa$ &''#'(a$!e Grou* F-&GH. 7e'e (ra$'a!(#o$' :ere


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1. REEDI&- -& CIVI- ROCED/RE /DGEN ISS/ES =& =&DEEN SE-ED & -ONG IE &GO S=O/-D NO E REOENED. e!a$$o( a""o: *e(#(#o$er' (o reo*e$ (7e #''ue o) $u""#(y o) (7e 'a"e o) (7e7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A #$ (7e#r )a;or be!au'e (7#' :a' a"rea+y 'e(("e+ a "o$?(#e a?o by (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' #$ #(' +e!#'#o$ +a(e+ u$e 23, 199 #$ C&G.R.

S No. 46342. 7#' +e!#'#o$ :a' e))e!(#;e"y u*7e"+ by u' #$ our re'o"u(#o$ +a(e+O!(ober 9, 199 #$ G.R. No. 1351JJ +#'#''#$? (7e *e(#(#o$ )or re;#e: o$ a(e!7$#!a"#(y a$+ (7erea)(er +e$y#$? (7e o(#o$ )or re!o$'#+era(#o$ o$ a$uary13, 1999 o$ (7e ?rou$+ (7a( (7ere :a' $o !o*e""#$? rea'o$ (o re!o$'#+er 'a#++e$#a". Our +e!#'#o$ be!ae )#$a" o$ February 23, 1999 a$+ :a' a!!or+#$?"ye$(ere+ #$ (7e booA o) e$(ry o) 8u+?e$('. For a"" #$(e$(' a$+ *ur*o'e'(7ere)ore, (7e $u""#(y o) (7e 'a"e o) (7e 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A a+e byu"#a$a Or(aBe a$+ o'e Or(aBe #$ )a;or o) *e(#(#o$er F-&G #' a"rea+y a!"o'e+ !a'e. o reo*e$ 'a#+ #''ue :ou"+ 'e( a ba+ *re!e+e$(, o*e$#$? (7e +oor:#+e o*e$ )or +#''a(#')#e+ *ar(#e' (o re"#(#?a(e u$)a;orab"e +e!#'#o$' $o e$+. 7#'

#' !o*"e(e"y #$##!a" (o (7e or+er"y a$+ e))#!#e$( a+#$#'(ra(#o$ o) 8u'(#!e.2. ID. SECI&- ROCEEDINGS SE-EEN OF ES&E OFDECE&SED ERSONS EMR&/DICI&-- &RIIONING =E INES&EES&E &ONG =EIRS DESIE =EIR KNO-EDGE =& =ERE EREO=ER =EIRS OR C-&I&NS O =E ES&E &S INV&-ID. [I]( #' !"ear(7a( u"#a$a Or(aBe, a$+ 7er (7ree 'o$', o'e, Ra)ae" a$+ &$(o$#o, a""'ur$ae+ Or(aBe, #$;a"#+"y e$(ere+ #$(o a eora$+u o) a?reee$(e(ra8u+#!#a""y *ar(#(#o$#$? (7e #$(e'(a(e e'(a(e ao$? (7e'e";e', +e'*#(e (7e#r,A$o:"e+?e (7a( (7ere :ere o(7er 7e#r' or !"a#a$(' (o (7e e'(a(e a$+ be)ore )#$a"

'e(("ee$( o) (7e e'(a(e by (7e #$(e'(a(e !our(. S#$!e (7e a**ro*r#a(#o$ o) (7ee'(a(e *ro*er(#e' by u"#a$a Or(aBe a$+ 7er !7#"+re$ o'e, Ra)ae" a$+ &$(o$#oOr(aBeH :a' #$;a"#+, (7e 'ub'e


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'e(("e+ (7a( !our( a**ro;a" #' $e!e''ary )or (7e ;a"#+#(y o) a$y +#'*o'#(#o$ o) (7e+e!e+e$(@' e'(a(e. I$ (7e ear"y !a'e o) Go+oy ;'. Ore""a$o, :e "a#+ +o:$ (7e ru"e(7a( (7e 'a"e o) (7e *ro*er(y o) (7e e'(a(e by a$ a+#$#'(ra(or :#(7ou( (7e or+er o)(7e *roba(e !our( #' ;o#+ a$+ *a''e' $o (#("e (o (7e *ur!7a'er.5. ID. ID. ID. &N /N&/=ORIED DISOSIION OF ES&E

ROER C&N E &NN/--ED =E RO&E CO/R. Our8ur#'*ru+e$!e #' (7ere)ore !"ear (7a( 1H a$y +#'*o'#(#o$ o) e'(a(e *ro*er(y by a$a+#$#'(ra(or or *ro'*e!(#;e 7e#r *e$+#$? )#$a" a+8u+#!a(#o$ re


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re;er'e a$+ 'e( a'#+e (7e +e!#'#o$ 1 o) (7e Cour( o) &**ea"', F#r'( D#;#'#o$,+a(e+ u"y 26, 2000, #$ C& G.R. 59J36, :7#!7 +#'#''e+ (7e *e(#(#o$ )or!er(#orar# )#"e+ by *e(#(#o$er' o'e C. -ee a$+ &"a &??abao #$ (7e#r !a*a!#(#e'a' *re'#+e$( a$+ 'e!re(ary, re'*e!(#;e"y, o) 7#"#**#$e I$(er$a(#o$a" -#)eI$'ura$!e Co*a$yH a$+ F#"#*#$o -oa$ &''#'(a$!e Grou*. SD=a!

7e a$(e!e+e$( )a!(' )o""o:.Dr. u;e$!#o . Or(aBe #$!or*ora(e+ (7e 7#"#**#$e I$(er$a(#o$a" -#)e I$'ura$!eCo*a$y, I$!. o$ u"y 6, 1956. &( (7e (#e o) (7e !o*a$y@' #$!or*ora(#o$, Dr.Or(aBe o:$e+ $#$e(y *er!e$( 90QH o) (7e 'ub'!r#be+ !a*#(a" '(o!A.O$ u"y 21, 190, Dr. Or(aBe +#e+. =e "e)( be7#$+ a :#)e u"#a$a Sa"?a+oOr(aBeH, (7ree "e?#(#a(e !7#"+re$ Ra)ae", o'e a$+ &$(o$#o Or(aBeH a$+ )#;e#""e?#(#a(e !7#"+re$ by -#?aya No;#!#o 7ere#$ *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$( a. D#;#$aOr(aBeE$+ere' a$+ 7er '#b"#$?' o'e, Roeo, E$r#!o a$ue" a$+ Ce'ar, a""'ur$ae+ Or(aBeH. 2O$ Se*(eber 24, 190, Ra)ae" Or(aBe )#"e+ be)ore (7e Cour( o) F#r'( I$'(a$!e

o) R#a", Lueo$ C#(y ra$!7 $o: Re?#o$a" r#a" Cour( o) Lueo$ C#(yH a*e(#(#o$ )or "e((er' o) a+#$#'(ra(#o$ o) (7e #$(e'(a(e e'(a(e o) Dr. Or(aBe,+o!Ae(e+ a' S. ro!. L304 :7#!7 *e(#(#o$ (o +a(e rea#$' *e$+#$? a(ra$!7 5 (7ereo)H.r#;a(e re'*o$+e$( a. D#;#$a Or(aBeE$+ere' a$+ 7er '#b"#$?' )#"e+ a$o**o'#(#o$ (o (7e *e(#(#o$ )or "e((er' o) a+#$#'(ra(#o$ a$+, #$ a 'ub'e


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7ere#$ *e(#(#o$er o'e C. -ee. &)(er o$e year, *e(#(#o$er F-&G !o$'o"#+a(e+ #$ #('$ae (7e o:$er'7#* o) (7e 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A :7e$ o'e Or(aBe )a#"e+(o re*ur!7a'e (7e 'ae.I( a**ear' (7a( 'e;era" year' be)ore bu( a"rea+y +ur#$? (7e *e$+e$!y o) (7e#$(e'(a(e *ro!ee+#$?' a( (7e Re?#o$a" r#a" Cour( o) Lueo$ C#(y, ra$!7 5H,

u"#a$a Or(aBe a$+ 7er (:o !7#"+re$, S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(or' Ra)ae" a$+ o'eOr(aBe, e$(ere+ #$(o a eora$+u o) a?reee$( +a(e+ ar!7 4, 192 )or (7ee(ra8u+#!#a" 'e(("ee$( o) (7e e'(a(e o) Dr. u;e$!#o Or(aBe, *ar(#(#o$#$? (7ee'(a(e #$!"u+#$? (7e 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!AH ao$? (7e'e";e'. 7#' :a'(7e ba'#' o) (7e $uber o) '7are' 'e*ara(e"y 'o"+ by u"#a$a Or(aBe o$ &*r#"15, 199 1,014 '7are'H a$+ by o'e Or(aBe o$ O!(ober 30, 1991 1,011'7are'H #$ )a;or o) 7ere#$ *e(#(#o$er F-&G.O$ u"y 12, 1995, 7ere#$ *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$( a. D#;#$a Or(aBeE$+ere' a$+7er '#b"#$?' 7erea)(er re)erre+ (o a' *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(' E$+ere' e( a".H )#"e+ ao(#o$ )or a**o#$(e$( o) '*e!#a" a+#$#'(ra(or o) 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A.

7#' o;e :a' o**o'e+ by S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(or o'e Or(aBe.O$ No;eber , 1995, (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( ?ra$(e+ (7e o(#o$ o) *r#;a(ere'*o$+e$(' E$+ere' e( a". a$+ a**o#$(e+ *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$( E$+ere' '*e!#a"a+#$#'(ra(r# o) (7e 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A.O$ De!eber 20, 1995, S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(r# E$+ere' )#"e+ a$ ur?e$( o(#o$ (o+e!"are ;o#+ ab #$#(#o (7e eora$+u o) a?reee$( +a(e+ ar!7 4, 192. O$a$uary 9, 1996, '7e )#"e+ a o(#o$ (o +e!"are (7e *ar(#a" $u""#(y o) (7ee(ra8u+#!#a" 'e(("ee$( o) (7e +e!e+e$(@' e'(a(e. 7e'e o(#o$' :ere o**o'e+by S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(or o'e Or(aBe.

O$ ar!7 22, 1996, S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(r# E$+ere' )#"e+ a$ ur?e$( o(#o$ (o+e!"are ;o#+ ab #$#(#o (7e +ee+' o) 'a"e o) 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A, :7#!7o;e :a' a?a#$ o**o'e+ by S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(or o'e Or(aBe.O$ February 4, 199J, o'e Or(aBe )#"e+ a$ o$#bu' o(#o$ )or 1H (7e a**ro;a"o) (7e +ee+' o) 'a"e o) (7e 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A a$+ 2H (7e re"ea'e o) a.D#;#$a Or(aBeE$+ere' a' '*e!#a" a+#$#'(ra(r# o) (7e 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o)'(o!A o$ (7e ?rou$+ (7a( (7ere :ere $o "o$?er a$y '7are' o) '(o!A )or 7er (oa+#$#'(er.O$ &u?u'( 11, 199J, (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( +e$#e+ (7e o$#bu' o(#o$ o) S*e!#a"

&+#$#'(ra(or o'e Or(aBe )or (7e a**ro;a" o) (7e +ee+' o) 'a"e )or (7e rea'o$

(7a(/$+er (7e Go+oy !a'e, 'u*ra, #( :a' 7e"+ #$ 'ub'(a$!e (7a( a 'a"e o) a *ro*er(yo) (7e e'(a(e :#(7ou( a$ Or+er o) (7e *roba(e !our( #' ;o#+ a$+ *a''e' $o (#("e (o(7e *ur!7a'er. S#$!e (7e 'a"e' #$


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S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(r# #' 7ereby +e$#e+. 6O$ &u?u'( 29, 199J, (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( #''ue+ a$o(7er or+er ?ra$(#$? (7eo(#o$ o) S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(r# E$+ere' )or (7e a$$u"e$( o) (7e ar!7 4, 192eora$+u o) a?reee$( or e(ra8u+#!#a" *ar(#(#o$ o) e'(a(e. 7e !our(rea'o$e+ (7a( CIE!=

I$ !o$'o$a$!e :#(7 (7e Or+er o) (7#' Cour( +a(e+ &u?u'( 11, 199J DENING (7ea**ro;a" o) (7e 'a"e o) 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A' a$+ re"ea'e o) a. D#;#$aOr(aBeE$+ere' a' S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(r#, (7e >/r?e$( o(#o$ (o De!"are Vo#+

&b I$#(#o eora$+u o) &?reee$(> +a(e+ De!eber 19, 1995. . . #' 7ereby#*"#e+"y *ar(#a""y re'o";e+ #$'o)ar a' (7e (ra$')erT:a#;erTre$u$!#a(#o$ o) (7e7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A are !o$!er$e+, #$ *ar(#!u"ar, No. 5, 9!H, 10bH a$+11+H##H o) (7e eora$+u o) &?reee$(.=EREFORE, (7#' Cour( 7ereby +e!"are' (7e eora$+u o) &?reee$(+a(e+ ar!7 4, 192 ee!u(e+ by u"#a$a S. Or(aBe, Ra)ae" S. Or(aBe a$+o'e S. Or(aBe a' *ar(#a""y ;o#+ ab #$#(#o #$'o)ar a' (7e

(ra$')erT:a#;erTre$u$!#a(#o$ o) (7e 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A' are !o$!er$e+. J&??r#e;e+ by (7e abo;e'(a(e+ or+er' o) (7e #$(e'(a(e !our(, o'e Or(aBe )#"e+,o$ De!eber 22, 199J, a *e(#(#o$ )or !er(#orar# #$ (7e Cour( o) &**ea"'. 7ea**e""a(e !our( +e$#e+ 7#' *e(#(#o$, 7o:e;er, ru"#$? (7a( (7ere :a' $o "e?a"

8u'(#)#!a(#o$ :7a('oe;er )or (7e e(ra8u+#!#a" *ar(#(#o$ o) (7e e'(a(e by o'eOr(aBe, 7#' bro(7er Ra)ae" Or(aBe a$+ o(7er u"#a$a Or(aBe +ur#$? (7e*e$+e$!y o) (7e 'e(("ee$( o) (7e e'(a(e o) Dr. Or(aBe, :#(7ou( (7e re


39/102


40/102

J. 7e De*u(y S7er#))' &+e$auer R#;era a$+ e+ro or8a are 7ereby +#re!(e+(o #*"ee$( (7e :r#( o) ee!u(#o$ :#(7 +#'*a(!7 (o )ore'(a"" a$y a$+Tor )ur(7er+aa?e (o (7e E'(a(e.SO ORDERED. 12I$ (7e 'e;era" o!!a'#o$' (7a( (7e '7er#)) :e$( (o (7e o))#!e o) *e(#(#o$er' (o

ee!u(e (7e :r#( o) ee!u(#o$, 7e :a' barre+ by (7e 'e!ur#(y ?uar+ u*o$*e(#(#o$er'@ #$'(ru!(#o$'. 7u', *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(S*e!#a" &+#$#'(ra(r#E$+ere' )#"e+ a o(#o$ (o !#(e 7ere#$ *e(#(#o$er' o'e -ee a$+ &"a &??abao*re'#+e$( a$+ 'e!re(ary, re'*e!(#;e"y, o) 7#"#$(er"#)eH #$ !o$(e*(. 13e(#(#o$er' -ee a$+ &??abao 'ub'e )#"e+ by (7e *e(#(#o$er' o)our re'o"u(#o$ o) u"y 26, 2000 +#'#''#$? ou(r#?7("y (7e abo;ee$(#("e+ *e(#(#o$

)or (7e rea'o$, ao$? o(7er', (7a( (7e a''a#"e+ Or+er +a(e+ &u?u'( 11, 199J o)(7e re'*o$+e$( u+?e 7a+ "o$? be!oe )#$a" a$+ ee!u(ory.Dura "e, 'e+ "e.=EREFORE, (7e ur?e$( o(#o$ )or re!o$'#+era(#o$ #' 7ereby DENIED, )or "a!Ao) er#(.SO ORDERED. 15O$ De!eber 4, 2000, *e(#(#o$er' e"e;a(e+ (7e !a'e (o (7e Su*ree Cour((7rou?7 a *e(#(#o$ )or re;#e: u$+er Ru"e 45 bu( o$ De!eber 13, 2000, :e


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+e$#e+ (7e *e(#(#o$ be!au'e (7ere :a' $o '7o:#$? (7a( (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' #$C& G.R. S No. 59J36 !o#((e+ a$y re;er'#b"e error (o :arra$( (7e eer!#'eby (7e Su*ree Cour( o) #(' +#'!re(#o$ary a**e""a(e 8ur#'+#!(#o$. 16=o:e;er, u*o$ o(#o$ )or re!o$'#+era(#o$ )#"e+ by *e(#(#o$er' -ee a$+ &??abao,(7e Su*ree Cour( ?ra$(e+ (7e o(#o$ a$+ re#$'(a(e+ (7e#r *e(#(#o$ o$

Se*(eber 5, 2001. 7e *ar(#e' :ere (7e$ re e(#(#o$er' -ee a$+ &??abao o**o'e+ (7e o(#o$ o$ (7e

?rou$+ (7a( (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( '7ou"+ re)ra#$ )ro a!(#$? o$ (7e o(#o$ be!au'e(7e #''ue' ra#'e+ (7ere#$ :ere +#re!("y re"a(e+ (o (7e #''ue' ra#'e+ by (7e #$(7e#r *e(#(#o$ )or !er(#orar# a( (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' +o!Ae(e+ a' C&G.R. S No.59J36. O$ O!(ober 30, 2000, (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( ?ra$(e+ (7e o(#o$, ru"#$? (7a((7ere :a' $o *ro7#b#(#o$ )or (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( (o ee!u(e #(' or+er' #$a'u!7 a'(7e a**e""a(e !our( +#+ $o( #''ue a$y RO or :r#( o) *re"##$ary #$8u$!(#o$.O$ De!eber 3, 2000, *e(#(#o$er' -ee a$+ &??abao )#"e+ a *e(#(#o$ )or !er(#orar##$ (7e Cour( o) &**ea"', +o!Ae(e+ a' C&G.R. S No. 62461,


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RECONSIDER&ION &S CON&INED IN ON- ONE &GE I=O/EVEN O/C=ING ON =E S/S&NIVE ERIS OF =E EM=&/SIVEDISC/SSION OF F&CS &ND S/ORING -& IN =E OION FORRECONSIDER&ION IN VIO-&ION OF =E R/-E ON &DINISR&IVED/E ROCESS DI!S=E

. IN F&I-ING O SE &SIDE =E VOID ORDERS OF =E INES&ECO/R ON =E ERRONEO/S GRO/ND =& =E ORDERS ERE FIN&-&ND EMEC/OR I= REG&RD O EIIONERS EVEN &S =E -&ERERE NEVER NOIFIED OF =E ROCEEDINGS OR ORDER C&NCE-INGIS ONERS=IC. IN NO FINDING =& =E INES&E CO/R COIED GR&VE

&/SE OF DISCREION &O/NING O EMCESS OF /RISDICION 1H=EN I ISS/ED =E ONI/S ORDER N/--IFING =E ONERS=IOF EIIONER F-&G OVER S=&RES OF SOCK =IC= ERE &--EGEDO E &R OF =E ES&E &ND 2H =EN I ISS/ED & VOID RI OF

EMEC/ION &G&INS EIIONER F-&G &S RESEN ONER OI-EEN ERE- ROVISION&- ORDERS, =ERE VIO-&INGF-&G@S CONSI/ION&- RIG= &G&INS DERIV&ION OF ROERI=O/ D/E ROCESSD. IN F&I-ING O DEC-&RE N/-- &ND VOID =E ORDERS OF =EINES&E CO/R =IC= N/--IFIED =E S&-E OF S=&RES OF SOCKEEEN =E -EGII&E =EIR OSE S. OR&E &ND EIIONERF-&G EC&/SE OF SE-ED -& &ND /RISR/DENCE, I.E., =& &N=EIR =&S =E RIG= O DISOSE OF =E DECEDEN@S ROER

EVEN IF =E S&E IS /NDER &DINISR&ION /RS/&N O CIVI-CODE ROVISION =& OSSESSION OF =EREDI&R ROER ISR&NSIED O =E =EIR =E OEN OF DE&= OF =E DECEDEN&CEDEO VS. &ES&IS, 21J SCR& 194HE. IN DISREG&RDING =E FIN&- DECISION OF =E S/REE CO/RIN G.R. NO. 12525 D&ED DECEER 1J, 1999 INVO-VINGS/S&NI&-- =E S&E &RIES, O I, EIIONERS OSE C. -EE

&ND &-& &GG&&O ERE RESONDENS IN =& C&SE =I-ERESONDEN &. DIVIN& ENDERES &S =E EIIONER =EREIN.=& DECISION, =IC= C&N E CONSIDERED -& OF =E C&SE,

R/-ED =& EIIONERS C&NNO E ENOINED RESONDENENDERES FRO EMERCISING =EIR OER &S DIRECORS &NDOFFICERS OF =I-INER-IFE &ND =& =E INES&E CO/R INC=&RGE OF =E INES&E ROCEEDINGS C&NNO &D/DIC&E I-EO ROERIES C-&IED O E &R OF =E ES&E &ND =IC= &REEL/&-- C-&IED EIIONER F-&G. 1J7e *e(#(#o$ 7a' $o er#(.e(#(#o$er' o'e -ee a$+ &"a &??abao, re*re'e$(#$? 7#"#$(er"#)e a$+ F-&G,


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a''a#" be)ore u' $o( o$"y (7e ;a"#+#(y o) (7e :r#( o) ee!u(#o$ #''ue+ by (7e#$(e'(a(e !our( +a(e+ u"y J, 2000 bu( a"'o (7e ;a"#+#(y o) (7e &u?u'( 11, 199Jor+er o) (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( $u""#)y#$? (7e 'a"e o) (7e 2,029 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o)'(o!A a+e by u"#a$a Or(aBe a$+ o'e Or(aBe, #$ (7e#r *er'o$a" !a*a!#(#e'a$+ :#(7ou( !our( a**ro;a", #$ )a;or o) *e(#(#o$er F-&G.

e !a$$o( a""o: *e(#(#o$er' (o reo*e$ (7e #''ue o) $u""#(y o) (7e 'a"e o) (7e7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A #$ (7e#r )a;or be!au'e (7#' :a' a"rea+y 'e(("e+ a "o$?(#e a?o by (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' #$ #(' +e!#'#o$ +a(e+ u$e 23, 199 #$ C&G.R.S No. 46342. 7#' +e!#'#o$ :a' e))e!(#;e"y u*7e"+ by u' #$ our re'o"u(#o$ +a(e+O!(ober 9, 199 #$ G.R. No. 1351JJ +#'#''#$? (7e *e(#(#o$ )or re;#e: o$ a(e!7$#!a"#(y a$+ (7erea)(er +e$y#$? (7e o(#o$ )or re!o$'#+era(#o$ o$ a$uary13, 1999 o$ (7e ?rou$+ (7a( (7ere :a' $o !o*e""#$? rea'o$ (o re!o$'#+er 'a#++e$#a". 1 Our +e!#'#o$ be!ae )#$a" o$ February 23, 1999 a$+ :a' a!!or+#$?"ye$(ere+ #$ (7e booA o) e$(ry o) 8u+?e$('. For a"" #$(e$(' a$+ *ur*o'e'(7ere)ore, (7e $u""#(y o) (7e 'a"e o) (7e 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A a+e by

u"#a$a Or(aBe a$+ o'e Or(aBe #$ )a;or o) *e(#(#o$er F-&G #' a"rea+y a!"o'e+ !a'e. o reo*e$ 'a#+ #''ue :ou"+ 'e( a ba+ *re!e+e$(, o*e$#$? (7e +oor:#+e o*e$ )or +#''a(#')#e+ *ar(#e' (o re"#(#?a(e u$)a;orab"e +e!#'#o$' $o e$+. 7#'#' !o*"e(e"y #$##!a" (o (7e or+er"y a$+ e))#!#e$( a+#$#'(ra(#o$ o) 8u'(#!e.7e 'a#+ +e!#'#o$ o) (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' #$ C&G.R. S No. 46342 a))#r#$? (7e$u""#(y o) (7e 'a"e a+e by o'e Or(aBe a$+ 7#' o(7er u"#a$a Or(aBe o) (7e7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) '(o!A rea+e(#(#o$er@' a''e;era(#o$' re"a(#;e (o 'a#+ [eora$+u] a?reee$( :ere'!u(("e+ +ur#$? (7e 7ear#$? be)ore (7#' Cour( (7u'

/SICE &L/INOCou$'e" )or *e(#(#o$er, :7e$ (7e eora$+u o) &?reee$( :a'ee!u(e+, +#+ (7e !7#"+re$ o) u"#a$a Sa"?a+o A$o: a"rea+y (7a( (7ere :a' a!"a# )or '7are #$ (7e #$7er#(a$!e o) (7e !7#"+re$ o) No;#!#o

&. C&-I&Gour =o$or *"ea'e, a( (7a( (#e, our =o$or, #( #' a"rea+y A$o:$ (o (7e.

a!DCI/SICE &L/INO

7a( !a$ be your "e?a" 8u'(#)#!a(#o$ )or e(ra8u+#!#a" 'e(("ee$( o) a*ro*er(y 'ub8e!( o) #$(e'(a(e *ro!ee+#$?' :7e$ (7ere #' a$ a+;er'e !"a# o)

a$o(7er 'e( o) 7e#r', a""e?e+ 7e#r' 7a( :ou"+ be (7e "e?a" 8u'(#)#!a(#o$ )or e(ra8u+#!#a""y 'e(("#$? a *ro*er(y u$+er a+#$#'(ra(#o$ :#(7ou( (7e a**ro;a" o) (7e#$(e'(a(e !our(

&. C&-I&Ge"", our =o$or *"ea'e, #$ (7a( e(ra8u+#!#a" 'e(("ee$( (7ere #' a$

a**ro;a" o) (7e 7o$orab"e !our( a' (o (7e *ro*er(y@' *ar(#(#o$ . . .. 7ere :ere a'e$(#o$e+ by (7e re'*o$+e$('@ !ou$'e", our =o$or.

&. /CO


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No . . ./SICE &L/INO

7e *o#$( #', (7ere !a$ be $o a+8u+#!a(#o$ o) a *ro*er(y u$+er #$(e'(a(e*ro!ee+#$?' :#(7ou( (7e a**ro;a" o) (7e !our(. 7a( #' ba'#! u$"e'' you !a$*re'e$( 8u'(#)#!a(#o$ o$ (7a(. I$ )a!(, (7ere are (:o '(e*' )#r'(, you a'A "ea;e a$+

(7e$ ee!u(e (7e +o!ue$( a$+ (7e$ a'A )or a**ro;a" o) (7e +o!ue$(ee!u(e+. No:, #' (7ere a$y "e?a" 8u'(#)#!a(#o$ (o e!"u+e (7#' *ar(#!u"ar(ra$'a!(#o$ )ro (7o'e '(e*'

&. C&-I&GNo$e, our =o$or.

&. /CO#(7 (7a( a+#''#o$ (7a( (7ere #' $o "e?a" 8u'(#)#!a(#o$, our =o$or, :e re'(

(7e !a'e )or (7e *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(. =o: !a$ (7e "o:er !our( be a!!u'e+ o)abu'#$? #(' +#'!re(#o$ *a?e' 3335, SN o) a$uary 29, 199H.7u', e )#$+ er#( #$ (7e )o""o:#$? *o'(u"a(#o$ by *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(

7a( :e 7a;e 7ere #' a '#(ua(#o$ :7ere 'oe o) (7e 7e#r' o) (7e +e!e+e$(:#(7ou( 'e!ur#$? !our( a**ro;a" 7a;e a**ro*r#a(e+ a' (7e#r o:$ *er'o$a"*ro*er(y (7e *ro*er(#e' o) [(7e] E'(a(e, (o (7e e!"u'#o$ a$+ (7e e(ree*re8u+#!e o) (7e o(7er !"a#a$(T7e#r'. I$ o(7er :or+', (7e'e 7e#r', :#(7ou( !our(a**ro;a", 7a;e +#'(r#bu(e+ (7e a''e( o) (7e e'(a(e ao$? (7e'e";e' a$+*ro!ee+e+ (o +#'*o'e (7e 'ae (o (7#r+ *ar(#e' e;e$ #$ (7e ab'e$!e o) a$ or+ero) +#'(r#bu(#o$ by (7e E'(a(e Cour(. &' a+#((e+ by *e(#(#o$er@' !ou$'e", (7ere :a'ab'o"u(e"y $o "e?a" 8u'(#)#!a(#o$ )or (7#' a!(#o$ by (7e 7e#r'. 7ere be#$? $o "e?a"

8u'(#)#!a(#o$, *e(#(#o$er 7a' $o ba'#' )or +ea$+#$? (7a( *ub"#! re'*o$+e$( [(7e

#$(e'(a(e !our(] a**ro;e (7e 'a"e o) (7e 7#"#$(er"#)e '7are' o) (7e E'(a(e byu"#a$a a$+ o'e Or(aBe #$ )a;or o) (7e F#"#*#$o -oa$ &''#'(a$!e Grou*.I( #' a$ u$+#'*u(e+ )a!( (7a( (7e *ar(#e' (o (7e eora$+u o) &?reee$( +a(e+ar!7 4, 192 'ee &$$e J o) (7e Coe$(H . . . are $o( (7e o$"y 7e#r' !"a##$?a$ #$(ere'( #$ (7e e'(a(e "e)( by Dr. u;e$!#o . Or(aBe. 7e re!or+' o) (7#'!a'e . . . !"ear"y '7o: (7a( a' ear"y a' ar!7 3, 191 a$ O**o'#(#o$ (o (7e

&**"#!a(#o$ )or I''ua$!e o) -e((er' o) &+#$#'(ra(#o$ :a' )#"e+ by (7ea!A$o:"e+?e+ $a(ura" !7#"+re$ o) Dr. u;e$!#o . Or(aBe :#(7 -#?ayaNo;#!#o . . . 7#' !"a# by (7e a!A$o:"e+?e+ $a(ura" !7#"+re$ o) Dr. u;e$!#o .Or(aBe #' a+#((e+"y A$o:$ (o (7e *ar(#e' (o (7e eora$+u o) &?reee$(

be)ore (7ey ee!u(e+ (7e 'ae. 7#' u!7 :a' a+#((e+ by *e(#(#o$er@' !ou$'e"+ur#$? (7e ora" ar?ue$(. . . .G#;e$ (7e )ore?o#$? )a!(', a$+ (7e a**"#!ab"e 8ur#'*ru+e$!e, *ub"#! re'*o$+e$(!a$ $e;er be )au"(e+ )or $o( a**ro;#$? . . . (7e 'ub'e *a?e' 34 o) r#;a(eRe'*o$+e$(@' eora$+u *a?e' 243244 o) (7e Ro""oH

+'( (7e )ore?o#$?, e )ou$+ $o ?ra;e abu'e o) +#'!re(#o$ aou$(#$? (o


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e!e'' or :a$( o) 8ur#'+#!(#o$ !o#((e+ by re'*o$+e$( 8u+?e. 19Fro (7e abo;e +e!#'#o$, #( #' !"ear (7a( u"#a$a Or(aBe, a$+ 7er (7ree 'o$',o'e, Ra)ae" a$+ &$(o$#o, a"" 'ur$ae+ Or(aBe, #$;a"#+"y e$(ere+ #$(o aeora$+u o) a?reee$( e(ra8u+#!#a""y *ar(#(#o$#$? (7e #$(e'(a(e e'(a(eao$? (7e'e";e', +e'*#(e (7e#r, A$o:"e+?e (7a( (7ere :ere o(7er 7e#r' or

!"a#a$(' (o (7e e'(a(e a$+ be)ore )#$a" 'e(("ee$( o) (7e e'(a(e by (7e #$(e'(a(e!our(. S#$!e (7e a**ro*r#a(#o$ o) (7e e'(a(e *ro*er(#e' by u"#a$a Or(aBe a$+7er !7#"+re$ o'e, Ra)ae" a$+ &$(o$#o Or(aBeH :a' #$;a"#+, (7e 'ub'e


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7e 'ub8e!( *ro*er(#e' (7ere)ore are u$+er (7e 8ur#'+#!(#o$ o) (7e *roba(e !our(:7#!7 a!!or+#$? (o our 'e(("e+ 8ur#'*ru+e$!e 7a' (7e au(7or#(y (o a**ro;e a$y+#'*o'#(#o$ re?ar+#$? *ro*er(#e' u$+er a+#$#'(ra(#o$ . . . ore e*7a(#! #' (7e+e!"ara(#o$ e a+e #$ E'(a(e o) O"a;e ;'. Reye' 123 SCR& J6JH :7ere e

'(a(e+ (7a( :7e$ (7e e'(a(e o) (7e +e!ea'e+ *er'o$ #' a"rea+y (7e 'ub8e!( o) a(e'(a(e or #$(e'(a(e *ro!ee+#$?, (7e a+#$#'(ra(or !a$$o( e$(er #$(o a$y(ra$'a!(#o$ #$;o";#$? #( :#(7ou( *r#or a**ro;a" o) (7e *roba(e !our(.O$"y re!e$("y, #$ a$o(oA Rea"(y, I$!. ;'. Cour( o) &**ea"' 149 SCR& 1J4H, e7e"+ (7a( (7e 'a"e o) a$ #o;ab"e *ro*er(y be"o$?#$? (o (7e e'(a(e o) a+e!e+e$(, #$ a '*e!#a" *ro!ee+#$?', $ee+' !our( a**ro;a" . . . 7#'*ro$ou$!ee$( )#$+' 'u**or( #$ (7e *re;#ou' !a'e o) Do"ore' V+a. De G#" ;'.

&?u'(#$ Ca$!#o 14 SCR& J9JH :7ere#$ e e*7a'#e+ (7a( #( #' :#(7#$ (7e8ur#'+#!(#o$ o) a *roba(e !our( (o a**ro;e (7e 'a"e o) *ro*er(#e' o) a +e!ea'e+*er'o$ by 7#' *ro'*e!(#;e 7e#r' be)ore )#$a" a+8u+#!a(#o$. . . .

I( be#$? 'e(("e+ (7a( *ro*er(y u$+er a+#$#'(ra(#o$ $ee+' (7e a**ro;a" o) (7e*roba(e !our( be)ore #( !a$ be +#'*o'e+ o), a$y u$au(7or#e+ +#'*o'#(#o$ +oe'$o( b#$+ (7e e'(a(e a$+ #' $u"" a$+ ;o#+. &' ear"y a' 1921 #$ (7e !a'e o) Go+oy;'. Ore""a$o 42 7#" 34JH, e "a#+ +o:$ (7e ru"e (7a( a 'a"e by a$ a+#$#'(ra(oro) *ro*er(y o) (7e +e!ea'e+, :7#!7 #' $o( au(7or#e+ by (7e *roba(e !our( #' $u""a$+ ;o#+ a$+ (#("e +oe' $o( *a'' (o (7e *ur!7a'er. &ID=a7ere #' 7ar+"y a$y +oub( (7a( (7e *roba(e !our( !a$ +e!"are $u"" a$+ ;o#+ (7e+#'*o'#(#o$ o) (7e *ro*er(y u$+er a+#$#'(ra(#o$, a+e by *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(,(7e 'ae 7a;#$? bee$ a))e!(e+ :#(7ou( au(7or#(y )ro 'a#+ !our(. I( #' (7e *roba(e

!our( (7a( 7a' (7e *o:er (o au(7or#e a$+Tor a**ro;e (7e 'a"e Se!(#o$ 4 a$+ J,Ru"e 9H, 7e$!e, a )or(#or#, #( #' 'a#+ !our( (7a( !a$ +e!"are #( $u"" a$+ ;o#+ )or a'"o$? a' (7e *ro!ee+#$?' 7a+ $o( bee$ !"o'e+ or (er#$a(e+. o u*7o"+*e(#(#o$er@' !o$(e$(#o$ (7a( (7e *roba(e !our( !a$$o( a$$u" (7e u$au(7or#e+ 'a"e,:ou"+ re$+er ea$#$?"e'' (7e *o:er *er(a#$#$? (o (7e 'a#+ !our(. o$?a ;'.So"er, 2 SCR& J55H. e*7a'#' our'HOur 8ur#'*ru+e$!e #' (7ere)ore !"ear (7a( 1H a$y +#'*o'#(#o$ o) e'(a(e *ro*er(y bya$ a+#$#'(ra(or or *ro'*e!(#;e 7e#r *e$+#$? )#$a" a+8u+#!a(#o$ re


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)rau+u"e$( (ra$'a!(#o$' (o *re;e$( (7e +#''#*a(#o$ o) e'(a(e *ro*er(y be)ore )#$a"a+8u+#!a(#o$.oreo;er, #$ (7#' !a'e, (7e or+er o) (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( $u""#)y#$? (7e 'a"e :a'a))#re+ by (7e a**e""a(e !our(' (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' #$ C&G.R. S No. 46342+a(e+ u$e 23, 199 a$+ 'ub'e


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$or (7ey :ere a:are, o) (7e *ro!ee+#$?' $u""#)y#$? (7e 'a"e o) (7e '7are' o)'(o!A.e are $o( *er'ua+e+. 7e (#("e o) (7e *ur!7a'er "#Ae 7ere#$ *e(#(#o$er F-&G !a$be '(ru!A +o:$ by (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( a)(er a !"ear '7o:#$? o) (7e $u""#(y o) (7ea"#e$a(#o$. 7#' #' (7e "o?#!a" !o$'e


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)or a :r#( o) *re"##$ary #$8u$!(#o$ a$+Tor (e*orary re'(ra#$#$? or+er. 2J I$ 'a#+!a'e, E$+ere' a$+ 7er o(7er


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(o *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(' a$+ (7a( (7e r#?7( o) *e(#(#o$er' (o


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re'o"u(#o$ o) (7e SEC +e$y#$? (7e #''ua$!e o) (7e :r#( o) *re"##$ary #$8u$!(#o$be!au'e #$8u$!(#o$ #' $o( +e'#?$e+ (o *ro(e!( !o$(#$?e$( r#?7('. Sa#+ !a'e +#+ $o(ru"e o$ (7e #''ue o) (7e ;a"#+#(y o) (7e 'a"e o) '7are' o) '(o!A be"o$?#$? (o (7e+e!e+e$(@' e'(a(e :#(7ou( !our( a**ro;a" $or o) (7e ;a"#+#(y o) (7e :r#( o)ee!u(#o$ #''ue+ by (7e #$(e'(a(e !our(. G.R. No. 12525 !"ear"y #$;o";e+ a

+#))ere$( #''ue a$+ #( +oe' $o( (7ere)ore a**"y (o (7e *re'e$( !a'e.e(#(#o$er' a$+ a"" *ar(#e' !"a##$? r#?7(' u$+er (7e are 7ereby :ar$e+ $o( (o)ur(7er +e"ay (7e ee!u(#o$ o) (7e Or+er' o) (7e #$(e'(a(e !our( +a(e+ &u?u'( 11a$+ &u?u'( 29, 199J.=EREFORE, (7e *e(#(#o$ #' 7ereby DENIED. 7e +e!#'#o$ o) (7e Cour( o)

&**ea"' #$ C&G.R. S.. No. 59J36 +a(e+ u"y 26, 2000, +#'#''#$? *e(#(#o$er'@*e(#(#o$ )or !er(#orar# a$+ a))#r#$? (7e u"y 6, 2000 or+er o) (7e (r#a" !our( :7#!7or+ere+ (7e ee!u(#o$ o) #(' (r#a" !our(@'H &u?u'( 11 a$+ 29, 199J or+er', #'7ereby &FFIRED. =&EDCSO ORDERED.

V#(u? a$+ Car*#oora"e', ., !o$!ur.Sa$+o;a"Gu(#erre, ., (ooA $o *ar(.Foo($o(e' 1. e$$e+ by &''o!#a(e u'(#!e ar(#$ S. V#""araa, !o$!urre+ #$ by

&''o!#a(e u'(#!e' Sa"oe &. o$(oya C7a#ra$ o) (7e F#r'( D#;#'#o$H a$+Roeo Ca""e8o, Sr. $o: &''o!#a(e u'(#!e o) (7e Su*ree Cour(H. 2. Re!o?$#e+ by (7e +e!e+e$(, Dr. u;e$!#o . Or(aBe a$+ +e!"are+ by (7e#$(e'(a(e !our( a' "a:)u" 7e#r' o) Dr. Or(aBe #$ #(' re'o"u(#o$ +a(e+ Se*(eber22, 2000 Ro""o, **. 203214.

3. I$;e$(ory a$+ &!!ou$(#$? o) ro*er(#e' o) (7e E'(a(e Ro""o, *. 5J2. 4. Dee+ o) Sa"e :#(7 R#?7( (o Re*ur!7a'e Ro""o, **. 5556. 5. Dee+ o) Sa"e o) S7are' o) S(o!A Ro""o, **. 5J5. 6. Ro""o, **. 3941. J. C#(e+ #$ (7e +e!#'#o$ o) (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' +a(e+ u$e 23, 199 #$ C&G.R. S No. 4642, *. 3 Ro""o, *. 240. . Ro""o, **. 2325. 9. Ro""o, *. J09.10. Ro""o, **. 524526.11. Ro""o, *. J0.

12. Ro""o, *. 4J4.13. Ro""o, **. 26626.14. Ro""o, **. 3435.15. Ro""o, *. 3.16. Ro""o, *. 115.1J. Ro""o, **. 151J.1. Ro""o, **. 260262.19. Ro""o, **. 254256.


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20. &!ebe+o ;'. &be'a#', 21J SCR& 16 [1993], !#(#$? V+a. De G#" ;'.Ca$!#o, 14 SCR& J96 [1965].21. a'e+ o$ (7e C#;#" Co+e *ro;#'#o$' o$ !oo:$er'7#* &r(#!"e 493H.

&!ebe+o ;'. &be'a#', 21J SCR& 16 [1993], !#(#$? Reye' ;'. Co$!e*!#o$,190 SCR& 1J1 [1990], N ;'. Cour( o) &**ea"', 9 SCR& 20J [190],

er!a+o ;'. -#:a$a?, 5 SCR& 4J2 [1962].22. 42 7#" 34J 1921].23. 163 SCR& 631 19].24. Ro""o, **. 603604.25. I$;e$(ory a$+ &!!ou$(#$? o) ro*er(#e' o) (7e E'(a(e +a(e+ ar!7 13,194, Ro""o, **. 5J1J54.26. D#""e$a ;'. Cour( o) &**ea"', 163 SCR& 630 [19] a$o(oA Rea"(y ;'.Cour( o) &**ea"', 149 SCR& 1J4 [19J] -eabre' ;'. Cour( o) &**ea"', 146SCR& 15 [196] E'(a(e o) O"a;e ;'. Reye', 123 SCR& J6J [193] a$+ V+a.De G#" ;'. Ca$!#o, 14 SCR& J9J [1965].

2J. C#(e+ #$ a. D#;#$a Or(aBeE$+ere' e( a". ;'. Cour( o) &**ea"' e( a"., 321SCR& 1J 1999].2. Ro""o, **. 14J149.29. Ro""o, *. 136.30. Ro""o, **. J2J29.31. Ro""o, **. 524526.32. Sa"o$?a ;'. Cour( o) &**ea"', 269 SCR& 534 [199J].

=IRD DIVISION

[G.R. No. 6053. ay J, 1990.]-&/R& &-V&RE, F-OR& &-V&RE a$+ R&/NDO &-V&RE, *e(#(#o$er',;'. =E =ONOR&-E INEREDI&E &E--&E CO/R a$+ ES/S&NES, ESE-I& &NES, &NONIO &NES, ROS&RIO &NES, a$+I-/IN&DO &NES, re'*o$+e$('.Fra$!#'!o G. a$o$ )or *e(#(#o$er'.Re$e!#o R. E'*#r#(u )or *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$('.D E C I S I O NFERN&N, C. *7#' #' a *e(#(#o$ )or re;#e: o$ !er(#orar# 'eeA#$? (7e re;er'a" o) aH (7e +e!#'#o$

o) (7e Four(7 C#;#" Ca'e' D#;#'#o$ o) (7e I$(ere+#a(e &**e""a(e Cour( +a(e+&u?u'( 31, 193 #$ &CG.R. CV No. 56626 e$(#("e+ >e'u' a$e' e( a". ;. Dr.Ro+o")o S#a'o$ e( a".> a))#r#$? (7e +e!#'#o$ +a(e+ u"y , 19J4 o) (7e Cour( o)F#r'( I$'(a$!e o) Ne?ro' O!!#+e$(a" #$'o)ar a' #( or+ere+ (7e *e(#(#o$er' (o *ay

8o#$("y a$+ 'e;era""y (7e *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(' (7e 'u o) 20,000.00re*re'e$(#$? (7e a!(ua" ;a"ue o) -o(' No'. JJ3& a$+ JJ3 o) (7e !a+a'(ra"'ur;ey o) ur!#a, Ne?ro' O!!#+e$(a" a$+ re;er'#$? (7e 'ub8e!( +e!#'#o$ #$'o)ara' #( a:ar+e+ (7e 'u' o) 2,000.00, 5,000.00 a$+ 2,000.00 a' a!(ua"


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+aa?e', ora" +aa?e' a$+ a((or$ey@' )ee', re'*e!(#;e"y a$+ bH (7ere'o"u(#o$ o) 'a#+ a**e""a(e !our( +a(e+ ay 30, 194, +e$y#$? (7e o(#o$ )orre!o$'#+era(#o$ o) #(' +e!#'#o$. ""!+7e rea" *ro*er(#e' #$;o";e+ are (:o *ar!e"' o) "a$+ #+e$(#)#e+ a' -o( JJ3& a$+-o( JJ3 :7#!7 :ere or#?#$a""y A$o:$ a' -o( JJ3 o) (7e !a+a'(ra" 'ur;ey o)

ur!#a, Ne?ro' O!!#+e$(a". -o( JJ3, :#(7 a$ area o) 156,549 ', (7ey +#+ $o( ;#'#( (7e *ar!e"' o) "a$+ #$


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or+er ?ra$(#$? 'a#+ o(#o$, o$ ar!7 24, 195, &r'e$#a V+a. +e Fue$(ebe""a'o"+ 'a#+ "o(' )or 6,000.00 (o Ro'e$+o &";are. 9 =e$!e, o$ &*r#" 1, 195. CNo'. 23165 a$+ 23166 !o;er#$? -o(' JJ3& a$+ JJ3 :ere re'*e!(#;e"y#''ue+ (o Ro'e$+o &";are. 10:o year' "a(er or o$ ay 26, 1960, eo+ora a$e' a$+ (7e !7#"+re$ o) 7er

bro(7er Ru)#$o, $ae"y, E'(e"#(a, I"u#$a+o a$+ e'u', )#"e+ #$ (7e Cour( o) F#r'(I$'(a$!e o) Ne?ro' O!!#+e$(a" a !o*"a#$( a?a#$'( For(u$a(o Sa$(#a?o, &r'e$#aV+a. +e Fue$(ebe""a, &";are a$+ (7e Re?#'(er o) Dee+' o) Ne?ro' O!!#+e$(a")or (7e >re(ur$> o) (7e o:$er'7#* a$+ *o''e''#o$ o) -o(' JJ3 a$+ 23. 7ey a"'o*raye+ (7a( a$ a!!ou$(#$? o) (7e *ro+u!e o) (7e "a$+ )ro 1944 u* (o (7e )#"#$? o)(7e !o*"a#$( be a+e by (7e +e)e$+a$(', (7a( a)(er !our( a**ro;a" o) 'a#+a!!ou$(#$?, (7e '7are or o$ey ere$ou$!e, )or)e#( a$+ 15O$ O!(ober 11, 1963, a +e!#'#o$ :a' re$+ere+ by (7e Cour( o) F#r'( I$'(a$!e o)

Ne?ro' O!!#+e$(a" #$ C#;#" Ca'e No. 5022, (7e +#'*o'#(#;e *or(#o$ o) :7#!7rea+' !+""=EREFORE, 8u+?e$( #' re$+ere+, or+er#$? (7e +e)e$+a$( Ro'e$+o &";are(o re!o$;ey (o (7e *"a#$(#))' "o(' No'. JJ3 a$+ 23 o) (7e Ca+a'(ra" Sur;ey o)ur!#a, Ne?ro' O!!#+e$(a", $o: !o;ere+ by ra$')er Cer(#)#!a(e' o) #("e No'. 23165 a$+ 23166 #$ (7e $ae o) 'a#+ +e)e$+a$(, a$+ (7erea)(er (o +e"#;er (7e*o''e''#o$ o) 'a#+ "o(' (o (7e *"a#$(#))'. No '*e!#a" *ro$ou$!ee$( a' (o !o'('.SO ORDERED.> 16I( :#"" be $o(e+ (7a( (7e abo;ee$(#o$e+ a$#)e'(a(#o$ o) e'u' a$e' :a' $o(e$(#o$e+ #$ (7e a)ore'a#+ +e!#'#o$.

=o:e;er, ee!u(#o$ o) 'a#+ +e!#'#o$ *ro;e+ u$'u!!e'')u" :#(7 re'*e!( (o -o(JJ3. I$ 7#' re(ur$ o) 'er;#!e +a(e+ O!(ober 20, 1965, (7e '7er#)) '(a(e+ (7a( 7e+#'!o;ere+ (7a( -o( JJ3 7a+ bee$ 'ub+#;#+e+ #$(o -o(' JJ3& a$+ JJ3 (7a((7ey :ere >#$ (7e $ae> o) Ro+o")o S#a'o$ :7o 7a+ *ur!7a'e+ (7e )ro

&";are, a$+ (7a( -o( JJ3 !ou"+ $o( be +e"#;ere+ (o (7e *"a#$(#))' a' S#a'o$ :a'>$o( a *ar(y *er :r#( o) ee!u(#o$.> 1J7e ee!u(#o$ o) (7e +e!#'#o$ #$ C#;#" Ca'e No. 5022 7a;#$? e( a 7#$+ra$!e,7ere#$ *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(' (7e a$e'e'H )#"e+ o$ u"y 31, 1965, #$ (7e Cour( o)


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F#r'( I$'(a$!e o) Ne?ro' O!!#+e$(a" a *e(#(#o$ )or (7e #''ua$!e o) a $e:!er(#)#!a(e o) (#("e a$+ )or a +e!"ara(#o$ o) $u""#(y o) C No'. 23165 a$+ 23166 #''ue+ (o Ro'e$+o &";are. 1 7erea)(er, (7e !our( re#$ a!!or+a$!e :#(7 (7e'7er#))@' re(ur$ o) 'er;#!e +a(e+ O!(ober 20, 1965> S#a'o$@' +e"#;ery o)*o''e''#o$ o) -o( JJ3 (o (7e a$e'e' a$+ #), +e"#;ery (7ereo) !ou"+ $o( bee))e!(e+, or, #) (7e #''ua$!e o) a $e: (#("e !ou"+ $o( be a+e, (7a( (7e &";aree'a$+ S#a'o$ 8o#$("y a$+ 'e;era""y *ay (7e a$e'e' (7e 'u o) 45,000.00. 7eya"'o *raye+ (7a( S#a'o$ re$+er a$ a!!ou$(#$? o) (7e )ru#(' o) -o( JJ3 )roNo;eber 13, 1961 u$(#" (7e )#"#$? o) (7e !o*"a#$( a$+ (7a( (7e +e)e$+a$('

8o#$("y a$+ 'e;era""y *ay (7e a$e'e' ora" +aa?e' o) 20,000.00 a$+ee*"ary +aa?e' o) 10,000.00 *"u' a((or$ey@' )ee' o) 4,000.00. 25

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=e$!e, (7e #$'(a$( *e(#(#o$.I$ (7e#r eora$+u *e(#(#o$er' ra#'e+ (7e )o""o:#$? #''ue'1. 7e(7er or $o( (7e +e)e$'e o) *re'!r#*(#o$ a$+ e'(o**e" 7a+ bee$ (#e"ya$+ *ro*er"y #$;oAe+ a$+ ra#'e+ by (7e *e(#(#o$er' #$ (7e "o:er !our(.2. 7e(7er or $o( (7e !au'e a$+Tor !au'e' o) a!(#o$ o) (7e *r#;a(e

re'*o$+e$(', #) e;er (7ere are a$y, a' a""e?e+ #$ (7e#r !o*"a#$( +a(e+ February21, 196 :7#!7 7a' bee$ +o!Ae(e+ #$ (7e (r#a" !our( a' C#;#" Ca'e No. 4J4'u*ra, are )ore;er barre+ by '(a(u(e o) "##(a(#o$ a$+Tor *re'!r#*(#o$ o) a!(#o$ a$+e'(o**e".3. 7e(7er or $o( (7e "a(e Ro'e$+o &";are, a +e)e$+a$( #$ C#;#" Ca'e No.5022, 'u*ra, a$+ )a(7er o) (7e *e(#(#o$er' be!oe a *r#;y a$+Tor *ar(y (o (7e:a#;er E7#b#( >4>+e)e$+a$( S#a'o$H #$ C#;#" Ca'e No. 4J4, 'u*ra, :7ere (7e*r#;a(e re'*o$+e$(' 7a+ u$ 337e *e(#(#o$ #' +e;o#+ o) er#(. *r!+

&' !orre!("y ru"e+ by (7e Cour( o) &**ea"', #( #' *o:er"e'' a$+ )or (7a( a((er 'o#' (7e Su*ree Cour(, (o re;#e: (7e +e!#'#o$ #$ C#;#" Ca'e No. 5022 or+er#$?

&";are (o re!o$;ey (7e "o(' #$ +#'*u(e (o 7ere#$ *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$('. Sa#++e!#'#o$ 7a+ "o$? be!oe )#$a" a$+ ee!u(ory a$+ :#(7 (7e *o''#b"e e!e*(#o$ o)Dr. S#a'o$, :7o :a' $o( a *ar(y (o 'a#+ !a'e, (7e +e!#'#o$ #$ C#;#" Ca'e No.5022 #' (7e "a: o) (7e !a'e be(:ee$ (7e *ar(#e' (7ere(o. I( e$+e+ :7e$ &";areor 7#' 7e#r' )a#"e+ (o a**ea" (7e +e!#'#o$ a?a#$'( (7e. 347u', #( #' a#oa(#! (7a( :7e$ a r#?7( or )a!( 7a' bee$ 8u+#!#a""y (r#e+ a$++e(er#$e+ by a !our( o) !o*e(e$( 8ur#'+#!(#o$, 'o "o$? a' #( rea#$'u$re;er'e+, #( '7ou"+ be !o$!"u'#;e u*o$ (7e *ar(#e' a$+ (7o'e #$ *r#;#(y :#(7(7e #$ "a: or e'(a(e. 35 &' !o$'#'(e$("y ru"e+ by (7#' Cour(, e;ery "#(#?a(#o$ u'(!oe (o a$ e$+. &!!e'' (o (7e !our( #' ?uara$(ee+. u( (7ere u'( be a "##( (o

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>&r(. JJ6. 7e #$7er#(a$!e #$!"u+e' a"" (7e *ro*er(y, r#?7(' a$+ ob"#?a(#o$' o) a*er'o$ :7#!7 are $o( e(#$?u#'7e+ by 7#' +ea(7.>&r(. 1311. Co$(ra!(' (aAe e))e!( o$"y be(:ee$ (7e *ar(#e', (7e#r a''#?$' a$+7e#r', e!e*( #$ !a'e :7ere (7e r#?7(' a$+ ob"#?a(#o$' ar#'#$? )ro (7e !o$(ra!(are $o( (ra$'#''#b"e by (7e#r $a(ure, or by '(#*u"a(#o$ or by *ro;#'#o$ o) "a:. 7e

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>3. 7a( (7e (r#a" !our( erre+ #$ !o$+e$#$? (7e +e)e$+a$(' (o *ay 8o#$("y a$+'e;era""y (7e *"a#$(#)) So!orro -e+e'a (7e 'u o) 1,500.>7e o$"y )a!(' (o be !o$'#+ere+ #$ (7e +e(er#$a(#o$ o) (7e "e?a" Sub'e/*o$ (7e #$'(#(u(#o$ o) (7e #$(e'(a(e o) (7e +e!ea'e+ Eu'eb#o Lu#(!o a$+ (7ea**o#$(e$( o) (7e !o#((ee o$ !"a#' a$+ a**ra#'a", (7e *"a#$(#)) So!orro

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7e#r' #$ (7e #$(e'(a(e o) (7e +e!ea'e+ Eu'eb#o Lu#(!o, a$+ a' &$a Lu#(!o-e+e'a :a' $o( #$!"u+e+ ao$? (7e +e!"are+ 7e#r', So!orro -e+e'a, a'o(7er o) &$a Lu#(!o -e+e'a, a'Ae+ )or (7e re!o$'#+era(#o$ o) 'a#+ or+er, a*e(#(#o$ :7#!7 (7e !our( +e$#e+. Fro (7e or+er +e$y#$? (7e 'a#+ *e(#(#o$ $oa**ea" :a' (aAe$, a$+ #$ "#eu (7ereo) (7ere :a' )#"e+ (7e !o*"a#$( :7#!7 ?#;e'

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(7e *e(#(#o$er a "oa$ aou$(#$? (o 71,000,000.00 3 (7a( (o !o;er (7e "oa$, 7eee!u(e+ a Dee+ o) Rea" E'(a(e or(?a?e o;er (7e *ro*er(y !o;ere+ by ra$')erCer(#)#!a(e o) #("e CH No. 3052 (7a(, 7o:e;er, (7e ee!u(#o$ o) (7e Dee+ o)Rea" E'(a(e or(?a?e :a' !o$+#(#o$e+ u*o$ (7e *er'o$a" a''ura$!e o) (7e*e(#(#o$er (7a( (7e 'a#+ #$'(rue$( #' o$"y a *r#;a(e eora$+u o)

#$+eb(e+$e'' a$+ (7a( #( :ou"+ $e#(7er be $o(ar#e+ $or e$)or!e+ a!!or+#$? (o #('(e$or. 4 CD=SIRe'*o$+e$( )ur(7er a""e?e+ (7a( 7e )#"e+ a 'e*ara(e *ro!ee+#$? )or (7ere!o$'(#(u(#o$ o) C No. 3052 be)ore (7e RC, Lueo$ C#(y, ra$!7 J. 5e(#(#o$er #""#a O$? Ge$a(o )#"e+ a$ &$':er #$ I$(er;e$(#o$ #$ (7e 'a#+*ro!ee+#$? a$+ a((a!7e+ a !o*y o) a$ a""e?e+ +a!#o$ e$ *a?o !o;er#$? 'a#+ "o(.6 Re'*o$+e$( a''a#"e+ (7e +a!#o$ e$ *a?o a' a )or?ery a""e?#$? (7a( $e#(7er 7e$or 7#' :#)e, :7o 7a+ +#e+ 3 year' ear"#er, 7a+ ee!u(e+ #(. JI$ 7#' &$':er, *e(#(#o$er Ge$a(o +e$#e+ (7e !"a# o) (7e re'*o$+e$( re?ar+#$?(7e +ea(7 o) (7e "a((er@' :#)e. =e a""e?e+ (7a( o$ (7e +a(e (7a( (7e rea" e'(a(e

or(?a?e :a' (o be '#?$e+, re'*o$+e$( #$(ro+u!e+ (o 7# a :oa$ a' 7#' :#)e.9 =e a""e?e+ (7a( (7e re'*o$+e$( '#?$e+ (7e +a!#o$ e$ *a?o a$+ (7a( (7eee!u(#o$ o) (7e #$'(rue$( :a' abo;eboar+. 10C#;#" Ca'e No. L90J551O$ De!eber 20, 1990, *e(#(#o$er #""#a O$? Ge$a(o )#"e+ C#;#" Ca'e No. L90J551, a$ a!(#o$ )or '*e!#)#! *er)ora$!e, be)ore (7e RC, Lueo$ C#(y,ra$!7 J9. I$ 7#' Co*"a#$(, *e(#(#o$er a""e?e+ (7a( re'*o$+e$( ob(a#$e+ a "oa$)ro 7# #$ (7e aou$( o) 71,000,000.00. e(#(#o$er a""e?e+ )ur(7er (7a(re'*o$+e$( )a#"e+ (o *ay (7e "oa$ a$+ ee!u(e+ o$ O!(ober 21, 199 a +a!#o$

e$ *a?o #$ )a;or o) (7e *e(#(#o$er. 7e +a!#o$ e$ *a?o :a' #$'!r#be+ a$+re!or+e+ :#(7 (7e Re?#'(ry o) Dee+' o) Lueo$ C#(y. 11 S!&Iae(#(#o$er )ur(7er a;erre+ (7a( +e'*#(e +ea$+', re'*o$+e$( re)u'e+ (o ee!u(e(7e re


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&"" *aye$(' :ere a+e a)(er (7e *ur*or(e+ ee!u(#o$ o) (7e +a!#o$ e$ *a?o.IDaE=C7e (r#a" !our( "#Ae:#'e )ou$+ (7a( a( (7e (#e o) (7e ee!u(#o$ o) (7e rea" e'(a(eor(?a?e, (7e :#)e o) re'*o$+e$(, &*aro er!a+o, :a' a"rea+y +ea+. I( 7e"+(7a( (7e *ro*er(y !o;ere+ by C No. 3052 :a' o:$e+ #$ !oo$ by (7e

re'*o$+e$(' a$+ $o( by re'*o$+e$( e$8a#$ ay7o$ a"o$e. I( !o$!"u+e+ (7a((7e 'a#+ "o( !ou"+ $o( 7a;e bee$ ;a"#+"y or(?a?e+ by (7e re'*o$+e$( a"o$e (7e+ee+ o) or(?a?e :a' $o( e$)or!eab"e a$+ o$"y 'er;e+ a' e;#+e$!e o) (7eob"#?a(#o$ o) (7e re'*o$+e$(. 16I$ 'u, (7e (r#a" !our( u*7e"+ (7e re'*o$+e$(@' "#ab#"#(y (o (7e *e(#(#o$er a$+or+ere+ (7e "a((er (o *ay (7e 'u o) 7*5,64J,130.00. 1J 7#' aou$( #$!"u+e+(7e *r#$!#*a", (7e '(#*u"a(e+ #$(ere'( o) 5Q *er o$(7, a$+ (7e *e$a"(y a$+, :a'!a"!u"a(e+ )ro (7e +a(e o) +ea$+ u$(#" (7e +a(e (7e RC re$+ere+ #('

8u+?e$(.&**ea" (o (7e Cour( o) &**ea"'

Re'*o$+e$(' a**ea"e+ be)ore (7e Cour( o) &**ea"'. O$ ar!7 2, 2002,re'*o$+e$( e$8a#$ ay7o$ +#e+ :7#"e (7e !a'e :a' '(#"" *e$+#$? +e!#'#o$. 1O$ Se*(eber 16, 2005, (7e Cour( o) &**ea"' re$+ere+ a +e!#'#o$ re;er'#$? (7e(r#a" !our(. !SI=C&7e Cour( o) &**ea"' 7e"+ (7a( (7e rea" e'(a(e or(?a?e a$+ (7e +a!#o$ e$ *a?o:ere bo(7 ;o#+. 7e a**e""a(e !our( ru"e+ (7a( a( (7e (#e (7e rea" e'(a(eor(?a?e a$+ (7e +a!#o$ e$ *a?o :ere ee!u(e+, or o$ u"y 3, 199 a$+O!(ober 21, 199, re'*e!(#;e"y, (7e :#)e o) re'*o$+e$( e$8a#$ ay7o$ :a'a"rea+y +ea+. 19 7u', '7e !ou"+ $o( 7a;e *ar(#!#*a(e+ #$ (7e ee!u(#o$ o) (7e

(:o +o!ue$('. 7e a**e""a(e !our( '(ru!A +o:$ bo(7 (7e +a!#o$ e$ *a?o a$+(7e rea" e'(a(e or(?a?e a' be#$? '#u"a(e+ or )#!(#(#ou' !o$(ra!(' *ur'ua$( (o&r(#!"e 1409 o) (7e C#;#" Co+e. 207e Cour( o) &**ea"' 7e"+ )ur(7er (7a( :7#"e (7e *r#$!#*a" ob"#?a(#o$ #' ;a"#+, (7e+ea(7 o) re'*o$+e$( e$8a#$ ay7o$ e(#$?u#'7e+ #(. 21 7e 7e#r' !ou"+ $o( beor+ere+ (o *ay (7e +eb(' "e)( by (7e +e!ea'e+. 22 a'e+ o$ (7e )ore?o#$?, (7eCour( o) &**ea"' +#'#''e+ *e(#(#o$er@' a**ea". e(#(#o$er@' o(#o$ )orre!o$'#+era(#o$ :a' +e$#e+ #$ a re'o"u(#o$ +a(e+ a$uary 6, 2006. 23e(#(#o$ )or Re;#e:e(#(#o$er $o: !oe' be)ore (7#' Cour( a''a#"#$? (7e +e!#'#o$ o) (7e Cour( o)

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'#u"a(e+ or )#!(#(#ou' !o$(ra!(, a$+ 7e$!e ;o#+. 7e e;#+e$!e '7o:' (7a( a( (7e(#e #( :a' a""e?e+"y '#?$e+ by (7e :#)e o) (7e re'*o$+e$(, 7#' :#)e :a' a"rea+y+ea+. 7#' )#$+#$? o) )a!( !a$$o( be re;er'e+.e $o: ?o (o (7e ru"#$? o) (7e a**e""a(e !our( e(#$?u#'7#$? (7e ob"#?a(#o$ o)re'*o$+e$(. &' a ?e$era" ru"e, ob"#?a(#o$' +er#;e+ )ro a !o$(ra!( are

(ra$'#''#b"e. &r(#!"e 1311, *ar. 1 o) (7e C#;#" Co+e *ro;#+e'Co$(ra!(' (aAe e))e!( o$"y be(:ee$ (7e *ar(#e', (7e#r a''#?$' a$+ 7e#r', e!e*( #$!a'e :7ere (7e r#?7(' a$+ ob"#?a(#o$' ar#'#$? )ro (7e !o$(ra!( are $o((ra$'#''#b"e by (7e#r $a(ure, or by '(#*u"a(#o$ or by *ro;#'#o$ o) "a:. 7e 7e#r #'$o( "#ab"e beyo$+ (7e ;a"ue o) (7e *ro*er(y 7e re!e#;e+ )ro (7e +e!e+e$(.!&aEDI$ E'(a(e o) =ea+y ;. -uo$ Sure(y Co., I$!., 26 (7e Cour(, (7rou?7 u'(#!e -Reye', 7e"+7#"e #$ our 'u!!e''#o$a" 'y'(e (7e re'*o$'#b#"#(y o) (7e 7e#r' )or (7e +eb(' o)(7e#r +e!e+e$( !a$$o( e!ee+ (7e ;a"ue o) (7e #$7er#(a$!e (7ey re!e#;e )ro 7#,

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*ar(#e' #$ C#;#" Ca'e No. L90J012. a!=EI7e *ro!e+ure #$ ;#$+#!a(#$? o$e(ary !"a#' #$;o";#$? a +e)e$+a$( :7o +#e'be)ore )#$a" 8u+?e$( #' ?o;er$e+ by Ru"e 3, Se!(#o$ 20 o) (7e Ru"e' o) C#;#"ro!e+ure, (o :#(7e$ (7e a!(#o$ #' )or re!o;ery o) o$ey ar#'#$? )ro !o$(ra!(, e*re'' or

#*"#e+, a$+ (7e +e)e$+a$( +#e' be)ore e$(ry o) )#$a" 8u+?e$( #$ (7e !our( #$:7#!7 (7e a!(#o$ :a' *e$+#$? a( (7e (#e o) 'u!7 +ea(7, #( '7a"" $o( be +#'#''e+bu( '7a"" #$'(ea+ be a""o:e+ (o !o$(#$ue u$(#" e$(ry o) )#$a" 8u+?e$(. & )a;orab"e

8u+?e$( ob(a#$e+ by (7e *"a#$(#)) (7ere#$ '7a"" be e$)or!e+ #$ (7e a$$ere'*e!#a""y *ro;#+e+ #$ (7e'e Ru"e' )or *ro'e!u(#$? !"a#' a?a#$'( (7e e'(a(e o) a+e!ea'e+ *er'o$.ur'ua$( (o (7#' *ro;#'#o$, *e(#(#o$er@' ree+y "#e' #$ )#"#$? a !"a# a?a#$'( (7ee'(a(e o) (7e +e!ea'e+ re'*o$+e$(.e $o: ?o (o (7e #$(ere'( a:ar+e+ by (7e (r#a" !our(. e $o(e (7a( (7e #$(ere'(7a' bee$ *e??e+ a( 5Q *er o$(7, or 60Q *er a$$u. 7#' #' u$!o$'!#o$ab"e,

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*r#$!#*a" "oa$ a$+ #$(ere'( !o$(ra!(e+ by (7e +e!ea'e+ e$8a#$ ay7o$'ub'#'(' a?a#$'( 7#' e'(a(e a$+ #' !o*u(e+ a( 73,050,62.00.No !o'('.SO ORDERED.Car*#o, Coro$a, -eo$ar+o+e Ca'(ro a$+ er'a#$, ., !o$!ur.Foo($o(e' 1. C& G.R.CV No. 63626, e$8a#$ . ay7o$, e"a$#e ay7o$, e$8a#$ay7o$, r., re$+a ay7o$, &"#$a ay7o$Ca*o', Ire$e ay7o$o"o'a, a$+


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(7e #$or G#$o ay7o$, re*re'e$(e+ 7ere#$ by 7#' $a(ura" o(7er a' ?uar+#a$a+"#(e, e'u'#(a . ay7o$ ;. #""#a O$? Ge$a(o *e$$e+ by &''o!#a(eu'(#!e V#!e$(e L. Roa' a$+ !o$!urre+ #$ by &''o!#a(e u'(#!e' or(#a &"#Bo=ora!7ue"o' a$+ ua$ L. E$r#


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2J. I+., *. 393.2. I+., *. 394.29. I*er#a" ;. au!#a$, G.R. No. 149004, 14 &*r#" 2004, 42J SCR& 51J, 525.30. G.R. No. 9J412, u"y 12, 1994, 234 SCR& J, 95.31. Ro""o, *. 2.

FIRS DIVISION[G.R. No. -41J15. u$e 1, 19J6.]ROS&-IO ONI--& a #$orH S&-V&CION ONI--& a #$orH a$+ ONCI&NOONI--& (7e#r )a(7erH :7o re*re'e$(' (7e #$or', *e(#(#o$er', ;'. -EON&RCEN&, &MI& &RI&S &--EN&, ESER&N& &RCEN&, &N/E-&RCEN&, &G/SIN& NERI, :#+o: o) /-I&N &&O a$+ =ON.-EOO-DO GIRONE--& o) (7e Cour( F#r'( I$'(a$!e o) &bra, re'*o$+e$('.Fe+er#!o are+e' )or *e(#(#o$er'.Dee(r#o V. re )or *r#;a(e re'*o$+e$('.

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(7e 7e#r' (o (7e *ro*er(y o) (7e +e!ea'e+ ;e'(' #$ (7e e;e$ be)ore 8u+#!#a"+e!"ara(#o$ o) (7e#r be#$? 7e#r' #$ (7e (e'(a(e or #$(e'(a(e *ro!ee+#$?'.3. ID. ID. ID. =EIRS ECOE &RIES IN INERES. 7e +ea(7 o)(7e *"a#$(#)) +ur#$? (7e *e$+e$!y o) a$ a!(#o$ (o


72/102


73/102

7o:e;er, #$'(ea+ o) a""o:#$? (7e 'ub'(#(u(#o$, +#'#''e+ (7e !o*"a#$( o$ (7e?rou$+ (7a( a +ea+ *er'o$ 7a' $o "e?a" *er'o$a"#(y (o 'ue. 7#' #' a ?ra;e error.

&r(#!"e JJJ o) (7e C#;#" Co+e *ro;#+e' >(7a( (7e r#?7(' (o (7e 'u!!e''#o$ are(ra$'#((e+ )ro (7e oe$( o) (7e +ea(7 o) (7e +e!e+e$(.> Fro (7e oe$( o)(7e +ea(7 o) (7e +e!e+e$(, (7e 7e#r' be!oe (7e ab'o"u(e o:$er' o) 7#' *ro*er(y,

'ub8e!( (o (7e r#?7(' a$+ ob"#?a(#o$' o) (7e +e!e+e$(, a$+ (7ey !a$$o( be+e*r#;e+ o) (7e#r r#?7(' (7ere(o e!e*( by (7e e(7o+' *ro;#+e+ )or by "a:. 37e oe$( o) +ea(7 #' (7e +e(er#$#$? )a!(or :7e$ (7e 7e#r' a! 7e


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75/102

5. ora"e', e( a". ;'. baBe, 9 7#". 6JJ. 6. Iro$ Ga(e a$A ;'. ra+y, 14 /.S. 665, 22 SC 529, 46 -. e+. J39. J. e$ber ;'. S(. au" C#(y Co., 9J Feb. 140 R. 39 C.C.&. J9.

EN &NC

[G.R. No. 42J5. ar!7 23, 1909.]&/-& CONDE, *"a#$(#))a**e""ee, ;'. RO&N &&&, +e)e$+a$(a**e""a$(.C. Obe$, )or a**e""a$(.-. oa


76/102

!a'e', a$+ #) (7e e'(a(e #$!"u+e' a"" *ro*er(y, r#?7(' a$+ ob"#?a(#o$' o) a *er'o$:7#!7 +o $o( e*#re a( (7e "a((er@' +ea(7, #( #' !er(a#$ (7a(, ao$? (7e r#?7('(ra$')erre+ (o (7e $a(ura" o(7er by #$7er#(a$!e, a( (7e (#e o) (7e +ea(7 o) 7er$a(ura" !7#"+, #' (7e r#?7( 7e"+ by 'u!7 !7#"+ +ur#$? 7#' "#)e(#e (o +ea$+ 7#'re!o?$#(#o$ a' 'u!7 by 7#' $a(ura" )a(7er, '7ou"+ (7e "a((er '(#"" "#;e, or by 7#'

7e#r'.6. ID. ID. 7ere #' $o "e?a" *ro;#'#o$ (7a( +e!"are' (7e 'a#+ r#?7( (o+ea$+ (7e re!o?$#(#o$ o) a $a(ura" !7#"+ (o be $o$(ra$')erab"e (o (7e "a((er@'7e#r', a$+ '*e!#a""y (o 7#' $a(ura" o(7er, $or #' (7ere a$y ru"e +e!"ar#$? 'u!7r#?7( e(#$?u#'7e+ a( (7e +ea(7 o) (7e $a(ura" !7#"+.J. ID. ID. I$ (7e #$(e'(a(e 'u!!e''#o$ o) a $a(ura" !7#"+ :7o +#e' +ur#$? 7#'#$or#(y, re!o?$#e+ by (7e "a: #$ )a;or o) 7#' )a(7er or o(7er :7o 7a;ea!A$o:"e+?e+ 7#, $o "##(a(#o$ 7a' bee$ e'(ab"#'7e+ e!"u+#$? (7e 'a#+ r#?7()ro (ra$')erab"e r#?7(', $or 7a' #( bee$ e*re''"y +e!"are+ (7a( (7e abo;ee$(#o$e+ r#?7( (o +ea$+ (7e re!o?$#(#o$ o) (7e $a(ura" !7#"+ #' e(#$?u#'7e+ a(

(7e "a((er@' +ea(7, :7ere)ore #( #' $e!e''ary (o a+#( (7a( (7e o(7er #$7er#(' )ro(7e $a(ura" !7#"+ a( 7#' +ea(7, a$+ (7a( '7e #' e$(#("e+ (o #$'(#(u(e (7e!orre'*o$+#$? a!(#o$.D E C I S I O N

&RE--&NO, C. *Fro (7e 7ear#$? o) (7e a**ea" #$(er*o'e+ by Roa$ &baya #$ (7e '*e!#a"*ro!ee+#$?' brou?7( #$ (7e Cour( o) F#r'( I$'(a$!e o) -a -a?u$a )or (7e'e(("ee$( o) (7e #$(e'(a(e e'(a(e a$+ (7e +#'(r#bu(#o$ o) (7e *ro*er(y o) Ca'#a$o

&baya #( a**ear'

I. &' a$(e!e+e$(' (7a( Ca'#a$o &baya, u$arr#e+, (7e 'o$ o) Roua"+o&baya a$+ Sab#$a -aba+#a, +#e+ o$ (7e 6(7 o) &*r#" 199 (7a( au"a Co$+e, a'(7e o(7er o) (7e $a(ura" !7#"+re$ o'e a$+ eo*#'(a Co$+e, :7o '7e '(a(e''7e 7a+ by Ca'#a$o &baya, o$ (7e 6(7 o) No;eber, 1905, o;e+ (7e'e(("ee$( o) (7e 'a#+ #$(e'(a(e 'u!!e''#o$ (7a( a$ a+#$#'(ra(or 7a;#$? bee$a**o#$(e+ )or (7e 'a#+ e'(a(e o$ (7e 25(7 o) No;eber, 1905, Roa$ &baya, a'o$ o) (7e 'a#+ Roua"+o &baya a$+ Sab#$a -aba+#a, (7e *are$(' o) (7e "a(eCa'#a$o &baya, !ae )or:ar+ a$+ o**o'e+ 'a#+ a**o#$(e$( a$+ !"a#e+ #( )or7#'e") a' be#$? (7e $eare'( re"a(#;e o) (7e +e!ea'e+ (7a( (7#' :a' ?ra$(e+ by(7e !our( be"o: o$ (7e 9(7 o) a$uary, 1906 (7a( o$ (7e 1J(7 o) No;eber,

1906, Roa$ &baya o;e+ (7a(, a)(er +ue *ro!e'' o) "a:, (7e !our( +e!"are 7#(o be (7e 'o"e 7e#r o) Ca'#a$o &baya, (o (7e e!"u'#o$ o) a"" o(7er *er'o$',e'*e!#a""y o) au"a Co$+e, a$+ (o be (7ere)ore e$(#("e+ (o (aAe *o''e''#o$ o) a""(7e *ro*er(y o) 'a#+ e'(a(e, a$+ (7a( #( be a+8u+#!a(e+ (o 7# a$+ (7a( o$No;eber 22, 1906, (7e !our( or+ere+ (7e *ub"#!a(#o$ o) $o(#!e' )or (7e+e!"ara(#o$ o) 7e#r' a$+ +#'(r#bu(#o$ o) (7e *ro*er(y o) (7e e'(a(e.II. 7a( o$ (7e 2(7 o) No;eber, 1906, au"a Co$+e, #$ re*"y (o (7e)ore?o#$? o(#o$ o) Roa$ &baya, )#"e+ a *e(#(#o$ :7ere#$ '7e '(a(e+ (7a( '7e


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a!A$o:"e+?e+ (7e re"a(#o$'7#* a""e?e+ by Roa$ &baya, bu( (7a( '7e!o$'#+ere+ (7a( 7er r#?7( :a' 'u*er#or (o 7#' a$+ o;e+ )or a 7ear#$? o) (7ea((er, a$+, #$ !o$'e


78/102

&!!or+#$? (o 'e!(#o$ J2 o) (7e Co+e o) C#;#" ro!e+ure >I) (7ere '7a"" be a !o$(ro;er'y be)ore (7e Cour( o) F#r'( I$'(a$!e a' (o :7o (7e"a:)u" 7e#r' o) (7e +e!ea'e+ *er'o$ are, or a' (o (7e +#'(r#bu(#;e '7are (o :7#!7ea!7 *er'o$ #' e$(#("e+ u$+er (7e "a:, (7e (e'(#o$y a' (o 'u!7 !o$(ro;er'y '7a""be (aAe$ #$ :r#(#$? by (7e 8u+?e, u$+er oa(7 a$+ '#?$e+ by :#($e''. &$y *ar(y #$

#$(ere'( :7o'e +#'(r#bu(#;e '7are #' a))e!(e+ by (7e +e(er#$a(#o$ o) 'u!7!o$(ro;er'y, ay a**ea" )ro (7e 8u+?e$( o) (7e Cour( o) F#r'( I$'(a$!e+e(er#$#$? 'u!7 !o$(ro;er'y (o (7e Su*ree Cour(, :#(7#$ (7e (#e a$+ #$ (7ea$$er *ro;#+e+ #$ (7e "a'( *re!e+#$? 'e!(#o$.>7#' !our( 7a' +e!#+e+ (7e *re'e$(


79/102

!ou"+ be ba'e+.&"(7ou?7 (7e C#;#" Co+e !o$'#+erab"y #*ro;e+ (7e !o$+#(#o$ o) re!o?$#e+$a(ura" !7#"+re$, ?ra$(#$? (7e r#?7(' a$+ a!(#o$' (7a( (7ey +#+ $o( *o''e''u$+er (7e )orer "a:', (7ey :ere $o(, 7o:e;er, *"a!e+ u*o$ (7e 'ae *"a$e a'"e?#(#a(e o$e'. 7e +#))ere$!e (7a( 'e*ara(e' (7e'e (:o !"a''e' o) !7#"+re$ #'

'(#"" ?rea(, a' *ro;e$ by 'o a$y ar(#!"e' +ea"#$? :#(7 (7e r#?7(' o) (7e )a#"y a$+:#(7 'u!!e''#o$ #$ re"a(#o$ (o (7e eber' (7ereo). I( ay be "a#+ +o:$ a' a"e?a" a#, (7a( :7a(e;er (7e !o+e +oe' $o( ?ra$( (o (7e "e?#(#a(e !7#"+re$, or#$ !o$$e!(#o$ :#(7 (7e#r r#?7(', u'( '(#"" "e'' be u$+er'(oo+ a' ?ra$(e+ (ore!o?$#e+ $a(ura" !7#"+re$ or #$ !o$$e!(#o$ :#(7 (7e#r r#?7('. 7ere #' $o( a'#$?"e e!e*(#o$ #$ #(' *ro;#'#o$'.I) "e?#(#a!y #' (7e a((r#bu(e (7a( !o$'(#(u(e' (7e ba'#' o) (7e ab'o"u(e )a#"y r#?7('o) (7e !7#"+, (7e a!A$o:"e+?e$( o) (7e $a(ura" !7#"+ #', ao$? #""e?#(#a(e o$e',(7a( :7#!7 u$#(e' 7# (o (7e )a#"y o) (7e )a(7er or (7e o(7er :7o re!o?$#e'7#, a$+ a))or+' 7# a *ar(#!#*a(#o$ #$ (7e r#?7(' o) (7e )a#"y, re"a(#;e"y

a+;a$(a?eou' a!!or+#$? (o :7e(7er (7ey are a"o$e or :7e(7er (7ey !o$!ur :#(7o(7er #$+#;#+ua"' o) (7e )a#"y o) 7#' *ure"y $a(ura" )a(7er or o(7er.7u', #$ or+er (o !o$'#+er (7e '*#r#( o) (7e C#;#" Co+e $o(7#$? #' ore "o?#!a" (7a$(o e'(ab"#'7 a !o*ar#'o$ be(:ee$ a$ a!(#o$ (o !"a# (7e "e?#(#a!y, a$+ o$e (oe$)or!e a!A$o:"e+?e$(.>&r(. 11. 7e a!(#o$ (o !"a# #(' "e?#(#a!y ay be brou?7( by (7e !7#"+ a( a$y(#e o) #(' "#)e(#e a$+ '7a"" be (ra$'#((e+ (o #(' 7e#r', '7ou"+ #( +#e +ur#$?#$or#(y or #$ a '(a(e o) #$'a$#(y. I$ 'u!7 !a'e' (7e 7e#r' '7a"" be a""o:e+ a*er#o+ o) )#;e year' #$ :7#!7 (o #$'(#(u(e (7e a!(#o$.

>7e a!(#o$ a"rea+y #$'(#(u(e+ by (7e !7#"+ #' (ra$'#((e+ by #(' +ea(7 (o (7e 7e#r',#) #( 7a' $o( "a*'e+ be)ore (7e$.>&r(. 13J. 7e a!(#o$' )or (7e a!A$o:"e+?e$( o) $a(ura" !7#"+re$ !a$ be#$'(#(u(e+ o$"y +ur#$? (7e "#)e o) (7e *re'ue+ *are$(', e!e*( #$ (7e )o""o:#$?!a'e'>1. I) (7e )a(7er or o(7er +#e+ +ur#$? (7e #$or#(y o) (7e !7#"+, #$ :7#!7 !a'e(7e "a((er ay #$'(#(u(e (7e a!(#o$ be)ore (7e e*#ra(#o$ o) (7e )#r'( )our year' o) #('a8or#(y.>2. I), a)(er (7e +ea(7 o) (7e )a(7er or o(7er, 'oe #$'(rue$(, be)oreu$A$o:$, '7ou"+ be +#'!o;ere+ #$ :7#!7 (7e !7#"+ #' e*re''"y a!A$o:"e+?e+.

>I$ (7#' !a'e (7e a!(#o$ u'( be #$'(#(u(e+ :#(7#$ (7e '# o$(7' )o""o:#$? (7e+#'!o;ery o) 'u!7 #$'(rue$(.>O$ (7#' 'u**o'#(#o$ (7e )#r'( +#))ere$!e (7a( re'u"(' be(:ee$ o$e a!(#o$ a$+ (7eo(7er !o$'#'(' #$ (7a( (7e r#?7( o) a!(#o$ )or "e?#(#a!y "a'(' +ur#$? (7e :7o"e"#)e(#e o) (7e !7#"+, (7a( #', #( !a$ a":ay' be brou?7( a?a#$'( (7e *re'ue+*are$(' or (7e#r 7e#r' by (7e !7#"+ #('e"), :7#"e (7e r#?7( o) a!(#o$ )or (7ea!A$o:"e+?e$( o) a $a(ura" !7#"+ +oe' $o( "a'( 7#' :7o"e "#)e(#e, a$+, a' a?e$era" ru"e, #( !a$ $o( be #$'(#(u(e+ a?a#$'( (7e 7e#r' o) (7e *re'ue+ *are$(',


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are +er#;e+7e r#?7( o) a!(#o$ (7a( +e;o";e' u*o$ (7e !7#"+ (o !"a# 7#' "e?#(#a!y "a'('+ur#$? 7#' :7o"e "#)e, :7#"e (7e r#?7( (o !"a# (7e a!A$o:"e+?e$( o) a $a(ura"!7#"+ "a'(' o$"y +ur#$? (7e "#)e o) 7#' *re'ue+ *are$('.I$a'u!7 a' (7e r#?7( o) a!(#o$ a!!ru#$? (o (7e !7#"+ (o !"a# 7#' "e?#(#a!y "a'('

+ur#$? 7#' :7o"e "#)e, 7e ay eer!#'e #( e#(7er a?a#$'( (7e *re'ue+ *are$(', or(7e#r 7e#r' :7#"e (7e r#?7( o) a!(#o$ (o 'e!ure (7e a!A$o:"e+?e$( o) a $a(ura"!7#"+, '#$!e #( +oe' $o( "a'( +ur#$? 7#' :7o"e "#)e, bu( +e*e$+' o$ (7a( o) (7e*re'ue+ *are$(', a' a ?e$era" ru"e !a$ o$"y be eer!#'e+ a?a#

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