sugar in our world so many choices…. video ch-a-health-spoof-the-coca-cola- ad-in-mad-men/ ...
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SUGAR IN OUR WORLD
So many choices…
VIDEO
http://time.com/3932746/wat
ch-a-health-spoof-the-coca-col
a-ad-in-mad-men/
THE AVERAGE AMERICAN CONSUMES
~75# OF SUGAR PER YEAR.
THAT’S MORE THAN 381 CALORIES PER DAY.
WHAT IS SUGAR?
Sugar is the generalized name for sweet, short-chain, soluble,
crystalline carbohydrates, obtained from various plants.
Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
There are various types of sugar derived from different
sources.
Sugars are found in the tissues of most plants, but are present
in sufficient concentrations for efficient extraction only in
sugarcane and sugar beet.
CARBOHYDRATE
Carbohydrates are your body’s
preferred energy source.
Carbohydrates are broken down by
the body to make blood sugar, also
known as glucose. Glucose fuels our
body and brain.
Simple Carbohydrates (sugar)
Added sugars: (in sodas, breakfast
cereals, baked goods, frozen desserts,
candies, and other sweets)
• White table sugar (100% sucrose): Brown
Sugar; Honey; Molasses; High-fructose
corn syrup; Concentrated fruit juice
sweetener
Naturally occurring sugars
• Fruit sugar (fructose)
• Milk sugar (lactose
2 FORMS OF CARBOHYDRATE IN FOODS
Complex Carbohydrate (starch)
Refined, processed foods (low fiber)
• “Enriched wheat flour” breads and cereals
• White rice
• White pasta
• Instant and French-fried potatoes
Whole foods (high fiber)
• “Whole” wheat or grain breads and cereals
• Oats, brown and wild rice, whole wheat
pasta
• Beans, peas, whole vegetables, and fruits
SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES
Added sugars: (in sodas, breakfast cereals, baked goods, frozen
desserts, candies, and other sweets)
• White table sugar (100% sucrose)
• Brown Sugar
• Honey; Molasses
• High-fructose corn syrup
• Concentrated fruit juice sweetener
Naturally occurring sugars
• Fruit sugar (fructose)
• Milk sugar (lactose
TYPES OF SUGAR
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
MONOSACCHARIDES
Monosaccharides/Simple sugars
– • GLUCOSE (also known as
dextrose),• FRUCTOSE• GALACTOSE.
DISACCHARIDES
Disaccharides/ Compound sugars – • SUCROSE (also known as table
sugar) – fructose and glucose• MALTOSE – 2 glucose molecules• LACTOSE – galactose and glucose
TABLE SUGAR MOLECULEGLUCOSE & FRUCTOSE
OLIGOSACCHARIDES
Oligosaccharides are Longer chains of sugars.
Chemically-different substances may also have a
sweet taste, but are not classified as sugars.
Example is high fructose corn syrup.
Some are used as lower-calorie food substitutes
for sugar described as artificial sweeteners.
COMMON SUGARS FOUND IN FOODS
GLUCOSE (DEXTROSE)-Simple sugar
FRUCTOSE-Simple sugar
GALACTOSE-Simple sugar in milk & dairy foods.
LACTOSE-Galactose & Glucose
CORN SYRUP-made from corn & usually 100% glucose.
HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP-Mixture of glucose (45%) &
fructose (55%)
MALTOSE-made from 2 glucose units
SUCROSE-50% glucose & 50% fructose
SOURCES OF SUGAR
Sugar Cane
Sugar Beets
Honey
Brown sugar
Corn sweetener
Corn syrup
Fruit juice
concentrates
High-fructose corn
syrup
Honey
Invert sugar
NAMES FOR ADDED SUGARS ON LABELS
Malt sugar
Molasses
Raw sugar
Sugar
Sugar molecules ending
in “ose” (dextrose,
fructose, glucose, lactose,
maltose, sucrose)
Syrup
READING LABELS
Sugar-Free – less than 0.5 gm of sugar per serving
Reduced Sugar or Less Sugar – at least 25% less
sugars per serving compared to a standard serving size
of the traditional variety
No Added Sugars or Without Added Sugars – no
sugars or sugar-containing ingredient such as juice or
dry fruit is added during processing
Low Sugar – not defined or allowed as a claim on food
labels
NON-NUTRITIVE SWEETENERS
Sweet n’ Low (Saccharin)
Equal (Aspartame)
Splenda (Sucralose)
Truvia (Stevia-based)
All FDA-approved sweeteners have been rigorously
studied and reviewed by governmental and
scientific bodies prior to market.
TASTE-TEST
Sugar (Sucrose) White
Sweet n’ Low (Saccharine)
Pink
Equal (Aspartame) Blue
Splenda (Sucralose) Yellow
Truvia (Stevia) Green
STEVIA
Sweet plant.
Many different brands/manufacturers
Stevia: Erythritol, Rebiana, Natural flavors.• Erythritol- sugar alcohol found naturally in
plants, fruits and fungi (70% as sweet as sugar)• Rebiana- 200 times sweeter than sugar; extract
from steeping stevia leaves in water• Low glycemic impact & doesn’t contribute to
tooth decay
FACTS ABOUT NON-NUTRITIVE
SWEETENERSHow are NNS made?
• Man-made. A natural structure of a compound is altered by a series of chemical reactions to produce a new compound.• Saccharin (Sweet n’ Low)-1958• Aspartame (Equal)-1981
• Natural. From natural origin, such as a plant and go through extraction progress. No evidence that it’s better or worse for you.• Stevia
NNS FACTS CONTINUED
Do NNS cause weight gain?• Contain little to no energy (calories) and
should result in weight loss if compensation of other excess calories does not occur..
• No randomized controlled trials support the theory that NNS causes weight gain; instead trials indicate NNS promote weight loss. J.nutr.2012;142(6);1149S-1154S.
NNS FACTS CONTINUED
Do NNS cause cancer?• Original rat studies showed saccharin
caused bladder cancer, but not shown in humans.
• Aspartame has not been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals.
NNS FACTS CONTINUED
Do NNS increase appetite and cravings?• Good evidence to support that consumption
of aspartame does not increase appetite or intakes.
• Mattes and Popkin examined eight possible mechanisms by which NNS may affect appetite and food consumption in humans. None were supported by the evidence.
• More research is needed to support or refute.
NNS FACTS CONTINUED
Do NNS have side effects?• No convincing evidence that NNS
cause any adverse health effects. • Exception: individuals with the rare
genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid aspartame.
• Headaches if allergic to formaldehyde.
• Unpleasant aftertaste.
WHAT ARE SUGAR ALCOHOLS?
A sugar alcohol is a kind of alcohol prepared from sugar.
These organic compounds are a class of polyols.
They are white, water-soluble solids that occur naturally and are
used widely in the food industry as thickeners and sweeteners.
Sugar alcohols are commonly used in place of table sugar
(sucrose), often in combination with high intensity artificial
sweeteners.
Unlike sugars, sugar alcohols do not contribute to the formation of
tooth cavities and do not increase blood glucose levels significantly.
Sorbitol
Xylitol
Mannitol
Glycerol
SUGAR ALCOHOLS
Erythritol
Lactitol
Maltitol
WHY DOES IT HAPPEN?
What happens when you eat 1-2 pieces of
diet candy?
What happens when you eat a bad of diet
candy?
WHICH IS BEST?