summary and recapitulation for hnrs 227 with professors geller and taylor
TRANSCRIPT
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Summary and Recapitulation
For HNRS 227 with
Professors Geller and Taylor
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What We’ll talk about
• Chapter by Chapter Overview– The highlights of the chapters covered
• Main themes across the chapters– The major themes underlying all chapters
• The final examination– What to expect
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Chapter Overview
• Chapter 1– Focus on the Scientific method– Reviewing mathematical skills– Reviewing scientific notation– Science and society
• Chapter 2– Motion
• Speed, velocity, acceleration, force
• Falling objects and projectiles
• Newton’s Laws of Motion
• Momentum
• Circular Motion
• Gravity
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Chapter Overview
• Chapter 3– Energy, Work and Power– Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy– Energy Forms, Conversion and
Conservation
• Chapter 4– Heat, Temperature, Molecular Kinetic
Theory– Phases of Matter (phase diagram not
in book)– Laws of Thermodynamics
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Chapter Overview
• Chapter 5– Vibrations and Waves– The Doppler Effect
• Chapter 6– Electric charges, electric current– Electric power and work– Magnetism– Maxwell’s laws (not in text but
relate all electricity and magnetism)
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Formula Review
d = v*t a = (vf - vi) / t v = (vf + vi) / 2
d = 0.5 * a * t2 F = m * a w = m * g
p = m * v ar = v2 / r F = (m * v2) / r
vf = (a * t) + vi F = (G*m*M) / d2 W = F * d
KE = 0.5*m* v2 PE = m*g*h Q = m*c*T
T = 1 / f f = 1 / T v = l * f
F = (k*q1*q2) / d2 I = q / t V = I * R
P = I * V n = c / v E = h * f
Acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2
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Chapter Overview
• Chapter 7– Electromagnetic radiation– Light and matter interactions
• Reflection, Refraction, Diffraction and Interference
– Photoelectric Effect• Quantization of Energy
• Chapter 8– Structure and function of atoms
(models of all kinds)– The Periodic Table of Elements– Revolutions in the sciences
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Chapter Overview
• Chapter 9– Molecules and compounds– Chemical bonds and valence electrons
• Chapter 10– Water: structure, function and properties– Uniqueness of the molecule– Importance of the molecule
• Chapter 11– Principles of radioactivity and decay– Nuclear energy technologies– Applications: energy, human health
and environment
C - C
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Chapter Overview• Chapter 12
– The night sky– Stars and their characteristics– The H-R diagram– The life cycle of a star
(development of star) – remember the lab on this
– Galaxies– The universe at large
• Chapter 13– Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
(not in text)– The planets – Jovian and
Terrestrial– Comets, asteroids and meteors– Formation of the solar system
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Chapter Overview• Chapter 14
– Motions of the Earth– The measure of time– Earth-Sun-Moon system
• Chapter 15– Rocks and minerals– The rock cycle– The solid Earth (interior)– Plate Tectonics
• Chapter 16– Stress, strain, folds and faults– Earthquakes, mountains and
erosion
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Chapter Overview• Chapter 17
– The atmosphere (figure in text oversimplified)
– Winds, water (humidity and precipitation)
– Weather and Climate
• Chapter 18– Water on Earth – Fresh
and salt– The hydrological cycle– Oceanography
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Chapter Overview• Chapter 19
– Organic chemistry & polymers• C-C bond: covalent bonding• Hydrocarbons of all kinds
– Biochemistry and polymers• Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic
acids, and lipids
• Chapter 20– Attributes of life
• Hierarchy, cells, homeostasis, energy, information, etc.
– Structural “nuts and bolt”• Enzymes, membranes, water,
polymers, compartmentation, types of cells
• C-C covalent bonds
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Chapter Overview• Chapter 21
– Darwin retrospective– Theory of Evolution (process, similarity &
diversity of living systems)– Origin and evolution of life– Applications: “evolution as you sleep”– Other perspectives on evolution
• Chapter 26– Mendel and inheritance– Genetics and molecular biology– DNA/RNA: replication, transcription,
translation– Genetic code and all living systems– Applications: GMO’s, gene chips, Alps man
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Overarching Themes
• The Scientific Method–Repeatable experiments and
observations–Hypotheses–Theories–Laws–An iterative and open process–Pseudoscience
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Overarching Themes
• Fundamental Laws– Newton’s Laws of Motion– Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction– Kepler’s Laws of Planetary
Motion– Maxwell’s Laws of
Electromagnetism– Laws of Thermodynamics
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Overarching Themes
• Fundamental Theories– Cell Theory– Theory of Evolution– Einstein Theories of Relativity– Geological Theories– Hierarchical Theory and Emergent Properties– Atomic Theory
• Revolutions in the sciences– Atom– Quantum mechanics– Plate tectonics– DNA and information
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A Few More Overarching Features
Science as an intellectual exercise, similar to other intellectual pursuits
Science as the application of the knowledge to address needs of society (e.g., biodiversity; health; information technology; exploration of space)
Models as one of the tools in the scientist’s tool bagConnectivity of the scientific disciplinesConnectivity of the sciences to other disciplines (e.g.,
history, ethics, engineering, performing arts)
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The Final Examination
• What to expect– Multiple choice questions
• 100 to be precise• Scantron forms
– To be provided
– 14 December 2006 Thursday• 1030 to 1315