Summary

Summary

• Bimodal optical & wireless networks– Goal of Internet & communications networks

• Provide access to information when we need it, where we need it, and in whatever format we need it

– Toward this end, optical & wireless networks play key role & can be viewed as quite complementary• Optical networks

– Optical fiber does not go everywhere– Where it does go, it provides huge amount of bandwidth & exhibits advantageous transmission properties

• Wireless networks– Potentially go almost everywhere & support mobility

– Provide highly bandwidth-constrained transmission channel, susceptible to variety of impairments

– Clearly, future communications will be bimodal

Summary

• Historical review– Optical networks well suited to

• Satisfy growing bandwidth demands • Provide transparency & reliability• Simplify network operation & management

– Optical networks have evolved from point-to-point links to powerful all-optical WDM networks providing• Arbitrary topology• Transparency• Reconfigurability• Survivability• Scalability• Modularity

Summary

• Historical review– Management & control of reconfigurable optical networks are of utmost importance to make them commercially viable• Management

– TMN framework» Encompasses wide range of standards covering management issues commonly known as FCAPS model

• Control– Control plane

» Responsible to control data plane by ensuring that various forwarding techniques operate properly & efficiently in each single optical network

» Guarantee interoperability among multiple optical networks of different vendors & operators

Summary

• Big picture– Optical switching networks

• All types of flexible, resilient, and reconfigurable optical networks using various multiplexing, tuning, and switching techniques

• Can be found at each network infrastructure hierarchy level

• Offer many different switching granularities– Fiber– Waveband– Wavelength– Subwavelength (time slot, burst, packet, cell, frame)

• Control plane typically operates at data link or network layer, with particular focus on IP-centric control planes

Summary

• Big picture– IP-centric control planes

• Extended routing & signaling protocols used to set up, modify, and release lightpaths dynamically => inter-layer networking between electrical & optical layers– Also useful to address other issues such as security & grooming which are best done in electrical domain

– Optical switching networks limited to islands of transparency exploiting respective strengths of optical & electronic technologies to reduce costs & improve performance

– Future research on optical switching networks expected to shift to design of adaptive service shell for value creation, revenue growth, and realization of novel business strategies

Summary

• Further reading– Books with general overview

• Optical Switching, by T. S. El-Bawab (Editor), Springer, 2006

• Optical WDM Networks, by B. Mukherjee, Springer, 2006• IP over WDM: Building the Next Generation Optical Internet, by S. S. Dixit (Editor), Wiley, 2003

• Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective (Second Edition), by R. Ramaswami and K. N. Sivarajan, Morgan Kaufmann, 2002

• Optical Networks: Architecture and Survivability, by H. T. Mouftah and P.-H. Ho, Springer, 2002

• Next Generation Optical Networks: The Convergence of IP Intelligence and Optical Technologies, by P. Tomsu and C. Schmutzer, Prentice Hall, 2001

• Optical WDM Networks: Principles and Practice, by K. M. Sivalingam and S. Subramaniam (Editors), Springer, 2000

Summary

• Further reading– Books with general overview

• Multiwavelength Optical Networks: A Layered Approach, by T. E. Stern and K. Bala, Prentice Hall, 1999

• Wavelength Division Multiple Access Optical Networks, by A. Borella, F. Chiaraluce, and G. Cancellieri, Artech House, 1998

Summary

• Further reading– Books on selected topics

• Fiber to the Home: The New Empowerment, by P. E. Green, Wiley, 2006

• Path Routing in Mesh Optical Networks, by E. Bouillet, G. Ellinas, J.-F. Labourdette, and R. Ramamurthy, Wiley, 2006

• Survivability and Traffic Grooming in WDM Optical Networks, by A. K. Somani, Cambridge University Press, 2006

• GMPLS: Architecture and Applications, by A. Farrel and I. Bryskin, Morgan-Kaufmann, 2005

• Ethernet Passive Optical Networks, by G. Kramer, McGraw-Hill, 2005

• Optical Burst Switched Networks, by J. P. Jue and V. M. Vokkarane, Springer, 2004

• Network Recovery: Protection and Restoration of Optical, SONET-SDH, IP, and MPLS, by J.-P. Vasseur, M. Pickavet, and P. Demeester, Morgan Kaufmann, 2004

Summary

• Further reading– Books on selected topics

• Metropolitan Area WDM Networks: An AWG-Based Approach, by M. Maier, Springer, 2003

• Optical Network Control: Architecture, Protocols, and Standards, by G. Bernstein, B. Rajagopalan, and D. Saha, Addison-Wesley, 2003

• WDM Mesh Networks: Management and Survivability, by H. Zang, Springer, 2002

• Gigabit Ethernet for Metro Area Networks, by P. Bedell, McGraw-Hill, 2002

• Photonic Slot Routing in Optical Transport Networks, by G. Wedzinga, Springer, 2002

• Radio over Fiber Technologies for Mobile Communications Networks, by H. Al-Raweshidy and S. Komaki (Editors), Artech House, 2002

• SONET (Second Edition), by W. J. Goralski, McGraw-Hill, 2000

Summary

• Further reading– Books on selected topics

• Understanding SONET/SDH and ATM: Communications Networks for the Next Millenium, by S. V. Kartalopoulos, IEEE Press, 1999

Summary

• Further reading– Journals

• IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology• IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications - Optical Communications and Networking Series

• OSA Journal of Optical Networking• Optical Switching and Networking• Photonic Network Communications• OSA Journal of Optical Technology• IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking• IEEE Transactions on Communications• IEICE Transactions on Communications• IET Communications• IET Optoelectronics• IEEE Photonics Technology Letters• OSA Applied Optics

Summary

• Further reading– Journals

• OSA Optics Letters• OSA Optics Express• IET Electronics Letters• IEEE Communication Letters

Summary

• Further reading– Magazines

• IEEE Communications Magazine - Optical Communications Supplement

• IEEE Network• IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials

Summary

• Further reading– Web links

• http://www.lightreading.com/• http://www.fiberopticsonline.com/• http://fibers.org/• http://optics.org/• http://www.eetimes.com/• http://www.convergedigest.com/• http://www.electronics-manufacturers.com/• http://www.allbusiness.com/• http://www.freshpatents.com/• http://www.wired.com/• http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/• http://www.iec.org/