summer training report on multistorey residential buildings

NRI INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY

BHOPAL

GORAKHPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

GORAKHPUR

PROJECT REPORT ON

“CONSTRUCTION SITE OF MULTISTOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS”

AT

GORAKHPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (GDA) (TRAINING PERIOD: JULY 8 – JULY 29)

SUBMITTED BY:-

GAURAV SHUKLA

0511CE131027 (CE3RD YEAR)

NRI INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY,BHOPAL

GUIDED BY-

ER. SANJAY K. SINGH

(EXECUTIVE ENGINEER)

GORAKHPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (GDA) , GORAKHPUR

ACKNOWLEDGEMET

It’s indeed a great pleasure and privilege to present this report on training at GDA. I am extremely grateful to my training and placement officer for issuing a training letter, which made my training possible at GDA, Gorakhpur.

I would like to express my gratitude to Er. SANJAY K. SINGH for his valuable suggestions, motivation, guidance and support throughout the training. His methodology to start from simple and then depthen through made me to bring out this project report without anxiety.

Thanks to all GDA officials, operators and all other members of GDA, yet uncounted for their help in completing the project.

I am very thankful to my faculty PROF. KIRTI RAIKWAR and my colleagues who rendered their assistance directly and indirectly to complete this project work successfully.

Dated- July 2016 GAURAV SHUKLA


INDEX

S.NO

DESCRIPTION

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PROJECT OVERVIEW

3. SITE LOCATION

4. FORMWORK

5. PLANNING

6. SEQUENCE OF STRUCTURE WORK

7. PROJECT MONITORING

8. QUALITY

9. CONCLUSION


1. INTRODUCTION

About Gorakhpur Development Authority

Gorakhpur Development Authority was formed by Uttar Pradesh State Government under the act of UP government Municipal corporation and urban development 1973 for the Construction and Development of Infrastructure in the City. The city attracts thousands of tourists every year from all over the world because of the buddhist circuit, grand forest and famous temples, thus Gorakhpur Development Authority came into being. The beautiful temples and amazing buddhist circuit are very popular not only in India but across the globe and GDA-Gorakhpur Development Authority has taken up the responsibility of undertaking construction of residential and commercial spaces as well as implementing their projects in accordance with guidelines of UNESCO so as to preserve the Heritage of the City.

From flats, duplexes, plot auction, GDA has a provision for all your demands in accordance with your needs, comfort, convenience and most importantly, your budget. The Master plan (1991-2011) of the Gorakhpur has been designed by the Development Authority keeping in mind the ever growing population, latest trends, financial development and the rise in the tourism sector but the perseverance of old architecture and conservation of cultural heritage of the city has been given the almost importance. Incorporated under the Uttar Pradesh Urban Planning and Development 1973, the Gorakhpur Development Authority employs best of experts from various fields of architecture, engineering, planning.


MISSION

1. Sound Planning and Design

2. Engineered Construction

3. Effective Maintenance

4. Benchmarking the Standards

5. Capacity Building

6. Public Private Partnership

7. Manpower Planning

8. Transparency in Management


1.Sound Planning and Design

1. All building norms and specifications to be standardized.

2. Architectural and structural design to be undertaken in-house as far as

possible.

3. Detailed planning of all services to make the buildings operational in all

respects.

4. Architectural and structural designs to be coordinated to evolve an

efficient building system compliant with latest Indian Standards.

2.Engineered Construction

1. Standardization of different building elements including their

pre-fabrication, mechanization in construction, use of

innovative materials and technologies adopting clean development

mechanism resulting in conservation of energy and natural resources.

3.Effective Maintenance

1. To preserve and maintain buildings and services in good operating


condition.

2. To improve the specifications depending upon the development that is

taking place in the built environment.

4.Benchmarking the Standards

1.Updation of Specifications and standards for public works including

Delhi Schedule of Rates, Analysis of Rates, Works and Maintenance

Manual on regular basis.

5.Capacity Building

1. Updating technical knowledge of engineers, architects by effective

training and participation in seminars, workshops etc.

2. Effective training to develop managerial skills and handling public

grievances so that engineers, architects and horticulturists become

development managers for tomorrow.

3. Target oriented training to workers on contemporary skills and behavioural

science to improve service delivery mechanism.

6.Public Private Partnership

1. To undertake contract or concession agreement with private sector


company for delivering General Pool Residential Accommodation

and General Pool Office Accommodation on payment of user charges

to:-

(1) Increase the stock of dwelling units there by providing housing

to government employees.

(2) Increase the office space thereby providing comfortable working

environment to government employees

7.Manpower Planning

1. To provide the manpower of GDA with professional environment,

excellent working opportunities and state of art technology.

2. To provide performance and ability based approach to career development

as per policy of the Government.

8.Transparency in Management of Works

1. e- tendering shall be introduced.

2. Effective use of websites in discharge of regulatory, enforcement and the

functions shall be introduced through integrated computerization.

3. Web based work progress monitoring system shall be introduced.


PROJECT OVERVIEW

NAME OF WORK : Construction of LOHIYA ENCLAVE , Near taramandal road ,Gorakhpur ( multi-storey residential building project)

AGREEMENT NO. : 03/EE/CD-III/2013-14

NAME OF CONTRACTOR: MAA VAISHNO REAL STATES PVT.LTD.

PLOT SIZE: 50984 Sqm. Area

ESTIMATED COST: Civil Work- Rs 100, 01, 47,287/- Elec. Work- Rs 24, 75,332/-

TENDERED COST: Civil Work- Rs 100, 57, 88,182/- Elec. Work- Rs 28, 69,490/-

DATE OF START: 04-08-2014

STIPULATED DATE OF COMPLETION: 02-08-2017

ACTUAL DATE OF Work is Under ProgressCOMPLETION: (80% Work is Completed) TIME ALLOWED : 3 YEARS


SITE LOCATION:-

Near taramandal area with a superb lake view of Ramgarhtal .


Advantages of this site:-

1. Land

2. Store

3. Health unit

4. Car parking stand

5. Canteen

6. Connectivity of the yard

7. Ease of transportation Facilities

FORMWORK Formwork is a mould or die used to support and shape the concrete until it attains sufficient to carry its own weight. The formwork holds the concrete until it hardens to required shape and size.


SIGNIFICANCE OF FORMWORK

1) Formwork constitutes 30% of the cost and 60% of the time in concrete construction.

2) Quality of concrete finish and soundness of concrete depends very much on the formwork system

3) Desired shape of concrete is not possible if formwork not done properly.

4) Formwork should be properly designed, fabricated and erected to receive concrete.

5) Accidents happen because of the faulty formwork and scaffolding or staging.

SAFETY IN USING FORMWORK:-

1) Components are light in weight for manual handling.

2) Loose or hanging components are minimal.

3) Appropriate use of tools.

4) Minimum operations are involved in each reuse.

TYPES OF FORMWORK

1) Flex system

2) Quick deck system


3) Aluform system

4) Flex table formwork


Curing work and refilling of earth around footing

Workers on a construction site building.


CURING V/S COMRESSIVE STRENGTH


COLUMN CONSTRUCTION WORK


PLANNING


Planning of a GDA Project mainly includes:-

Pre-requisites for execution of work. Deposit works Preparation of estimates. Execution of original work. Expenditure on survey, exhibition. Register of buildings. Green building norms. Preparation and accounting of Standard Measurement book. Preparation and passing bills for payment. Documentation of accounts. General departmental charges. Contracts and forms. Preparation of tender documents. Publicity of tenders Sale of documents Earnest money. Issue of material to contractors. Issue of tool and plant. Payment to contractors Insurance Losses or damages. Budgeting Quality assurance and technical audit wing. Inspection and Audit by Chief Controller. Public accounts committee.


SEQUENCE OF STRUCTURE WORK Site clearance Demarcation of site Positioning of central coordinate i.e. (0,0,0) as per grid plan Surveying and layout Excavation Bar binding and placement of foundation steel Shuttering and scaffolding Concreting Electrical and plumbing

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS AND MATERIAL USED:-

SITE CLEARANCE-

A number of conditions determine the kind of building that may be erected on a plot of ground. These conditions may determine where on the lot it may be located. There are also covenants that are legally binding regulations. These may, for example, set the minimum size of a house, prohibit utility buildings, or ban rooftop television antennas.Zoning laws regulate the setback and other factors that play into the equation of house location on a lot. Septic tanks also require special consideration.A Certificate of Occupancy is an important piece of paper. It


is the final piece of paper, the sign-off, that says the constructionof the building is complete and it is ready to be occupied. Any town that has adopted the BOCA or UBC building codes requires a CO. In most instances, the bank making the mortgage loan requires a certificate of occupation as well.

CONCRETE:-

There are eight types of Portland cement. They are designated by Roman numerals and with an A suffix on three of themNormal concrete is made of fine aggregates (sand) and regular aggregates (crushed stone or gravel), plus water. Concrete will set up hard enough in normal weather in about 3 hours. However, it takes 28 days for it to reach its fullest strength. Concrete may have admixtures. The Romans added lard, blood, milk, and other materials to make the concrete more workable. There are at least 6 known admixtures. Normal concrete contains a small amount of air by adding anair-entrainment admixture, the amount of air in the concrete can be increased by 10 percent or more by volume. By using an accelerator, it is possible to have concrete reach its 28-day full strength in only 7 days. Calcium chloride is the most common accelerator. Pozzolonas are natural volcanic ash or artificial materials that react with lime in the wet concrete to form cementing compounds. Fly ash is a by-product of coal-burning power generating stations. Romans obtained fly ash from Mount Vesuvius eruptions. Fully loaded concrete mixer trucks may weigh as much as 80,000 lbs, or 40 tons. If the mixer can’t get close enough to unload the concrete where needed, it is necessary to use chutes, mixer-mounted conveyors, motorized buggies, or wheelbarrows.


Another term for rebar is deformed steel bar. This is the steel reinforcement used in concrete to increase its tensile strength. Three types of bar support material are available: wire, precast concrete, and moulded plastic. Rebar is supported by chairs made of plastic or welded wire. Welded-wire fabric (WWF) looks like fencing and is manufactured with plain or deformed cold-drawn wire.

Slump is a measure of how consistent, fluid, and workable a batch of freshly mixed concrete is. Any change in the slump may mean that the amount of water, the temperature, hydration, or setting has changed. Slump is a measure of the amount of water in the mix.

Foundations

Though the foundation supports a building, the earth is the ultimate support. The foundation is a system comprising foundation wall, footing, and soil. The prime purpose of an efficient structural foundation system is to transmit the building loads directly to the soil without exceeding the bearing capacity of the soil. A properlyDesigned and constructed foundation system transfers the loads uniformly, minimizes settlement, and anchors the structure against racking forces and uplift. Because soil type and bearing capacity are the crucial factors in the foundation system, the foundation must be designed and built as a system. Too many residential foundations are designed and built without any concern for the soil.


Types of Foundations

The many types of foundations can be separated into two broad groups: shallow foundations and deep foundations. Shallow foundations consist of four types: deep basements (8-foot walls), crawl spaces, slabs-on-grade, and frost-protected shallow foundations. They include spread footings, mat or raft footings, long footings, and strap footings.Deep foundations extend considerably deeper into the earth.They include drilled caissons or piers, groups of piles driven and cast-in-place concrete piles, and floating foundations.

A number of different construction systems can be used. Casting- place concrete is the most widely used material for residential foundations, followed by concrete block. Other methods include precast foundation walls, cast-in-place concrete sandwich panels, and masonry or concrete piers, all weather wood foundations (AWWF), which are now called permanent wood foundations (PWF), or preserved. Wood foundations in Canada. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) Blocks, polyurethane blocks, and other similar systems using EPS blocks filled with concrete are also used.

FOOTINGS

Footings (which may be square, rectangular, or circular) are strips of concrete or filled concrete blocks placed under the foundation wall. Gravel or crushed stone footings are used with PWFs. The purpose of the footings is to transfer the loads from walls, piers, or columns to the soil. The spread footing is the most common type used to support walls, piers, or columns. The National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA) has developed a system of solid.


Pile foundation systems

Foundations relying on driven piles often have groups of piles connected by a Pile cap (a large concrete block into which the heads of the piles are embedded) to distribute loads which are larger than one pile can bear. Pile caps and isolated piles are typically connected with grade beams to tie the foundation elements together; lighter structural elements bear on the grade beams while heavier elements bear directly on the pile cap.

Monopile foundationA monopile foundation utilizes a single, generally large-diameter, foundation structural element to support all the loads (weight, wind, etc.) of a large above-surface structure.

Dried PilesAlso called caissons, drilled shafts, drilled piers, Cast-in-drilled-hole piles (CIDH piles) or Cast-in-Situ piles. Rotary boring techniques offer larger diameter piles than any other piling method and permit pile construction through particularly dense or hard strata. Construction methods depend on the geology of the site. In particular, whether boring is to be undertaken in 'dry' ground conditions or through water-logged but stable strata - i.e. 'wet boring'.'Wet' boring also employs a temporary casing through unstable ground and is used when the pile bore cannot be sealed against water ingress. Boring is then undertaken using a digging bucket to drill through the underlying soils to design depth. The reinforcing cage is lowered into the bore and concrete is placed by tremie pipe, following which, extraction of the temporary casing takes place.


Under reamed pilesUnder-reamed piles have mechanically formed enlarged bases that have been as much as 6 m in diameter. The form is that of an inverted cone and can only be formed in stable soils. The larger base diameter allows greater bearing capacity than a straight-shaft pile.

Augercast pileAn augercast pile, often known as a CFA pile, is formed by drilling into the ground with a hollow stemmed continuous flight auger to the required depth or degree of resistance. No casing is required.

Augercast piles cause minimal disturbance, and are often used for noise and environmentally sensitive sites. Augercast piles are not generally suited for use in contaminated soils, due to expensive waste disposal costs. In cases such as these however a displacement pile may provide the cost efficiency of an augercast pile and minimal environmental impact. In ground containing obstructions or cobbles and boulders, augercast piles are less suitable as refusal above the design pile tip elevation may be encountered. In certain cases drill motors that produce more torque and horsepower may be able to mitigate these events.

Specialty Piles:

1. Micro piles2. Tripod piles3. Sheet piles


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casing_(oil_well)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_flight_augering

4. Soldier piles5. Suction Piles6. Ad freeze Piles

Types of shallow foundations:

Interlocking concrete blocks called IDR footer-blocks. The minimum width of the footing is based on the foundation wall thickness. An 8-inch thick foundation wall would have an 8-inch wide footing. However, footings are made wider than the foundation wall, and the extra width projects (or cantilevers) equally beyond each side of the wall.Contrary to widespread belief, the purpose of footings is not for spreading out and distributing the loads to the soil. The extra width is used to support the wall forms while the concrete is poured, or as a base for concrete masonry blocks or brick.

Finishing and Curing Concrete

When working with concrete, certain methods and techniques must be employed to ensure the best finished product. This chapter discusses the following:

1) Screening2) Tamping and jitterbugging


3) Finishing (including Floating, Troweling, Brooming, Grooving, and Edging)

4) Curing (including curing time and curing methods)

1)Screening

To screed is to strike-off or level slab concrete after pouring. Generally, all the dry materials used in making quality concrete are heavier than water. Thus, shortly after placement, these materials will have a tendency to settle to the bottom and force any excess water to the surface. This reaction is commonly called bleeding. This bleeding usually occurs with non–air-entrained concrete. It is of utmost importance that the first operations of placing, screening, and dryingbe performed before any bleeding takes place. The concrete should not be allowed to remain in wheelbarrows, buggies, or buckets any longer than is necessary. It should be dumped and spread as soon as possible and struck-off to the proper grade, then immediately struck-off, followed at once by drying. These last two operations should be performed before any free water is bled to the surface. The concrete should not be spread over a large area before screening—nor should a large area be screened and allowed to remain before drying. If any operation is performed on the surface while the bleed water is present, serious scaling, dusting, or crazing can result. This point cannot be overemphasized and is the basic rule for successful finishing of concrete surfaces. The surface is struck off by moving a straightedge back and forth with a saw like motion across the top of the forms or screeds. A small amount of concrete should always be kept ahead of the straightedge to fill in all the low spots and maintain a plane surface. For most slab work, screening is usually a two-person job because of the size of the slab.


2) Tamping or Jitterbugging

The hand tamper or jitterbug is used to force the large particles of coarse aggregate slightly below the surface to enable the cement mason to pass a darby over the surface without dislodging any large aggregate. After the concrete has been struck-off (and, in some cases, tamped), it is smoothed with a darby to level any raised spots and fill depressions. Long-handled floats of either wood or metal (called bull floats) are sometimes used instead of darbies to smooth and level the surface.

The hand tamper should be used sparingly and, in most cases, not at all. If used, it should be used only on concrete having a low slump (1 inch or less) to compact the concrete into a dense mass. Jitterbugs are sometimes used on industrial floor construction because the concrete for this type of work usually has a very low slump, with the mix being quite stiff and perhaps difficult to work.

3) Finishing

When the bleed water and water sheen have left the surface of the concrete, finishing may begin. Finishing may take one or more of several forms, depending on the type of surface desired. Finishing operations must not be overdone, or water under the surface will be brought to the top. When this happens, a thin layer of cement is also brought up and later, after curing, the thin layer becomes a scale that will powder off with usage. Finishing can be done by hand or by rotating power-driven trowels or floats. The size of the job determines the choice, based on economy. The type of tool used for finishing affects the


smoothness of the concrete. A wood float puts a slightly rough surface on the concrete. A steel (or other metal) trowel or float produces a smooth finish. Extra rough surfaces are given to the concrete by running a stiffbristled broom across the top.

4)Floating

Most sidewalks and driveways are given a slightly roughened surface by finishing with a float. Floats may be small, hand-held tools , with the work done while kneeling on a board, or they may be on long handles for working from the edge shows a worker using a long-handled float, and shows the construction details for making a float. When working from a kneeling board, the concrete must be stiff enough to support the board and the worker’s weight without deforming. This will be within two to five hours from the time the surface water has left the concrete, depending on the type of roof.A roof includes the roof cover (the upper layer, which protectsagainst rain, snow, and wind) or roofing, the sheathing to which it is fastened, and the framing (rafters) that support the other components. Because of its exposure, roofing usually has a limited life. It is made to be readily replaceable. Roofing may be made of many widely diversified materials, among which are the following:

1) Wood

These are usually in the form of shingles (uniform machine-cut) or shakes that are hand-cut. They are seen in Many areas of the country.


2) Metal or aluminium

Simulates other kinds of roofing.

3) Slate

This may be the natural product or rigid manufactured slabs, often cement asbestos, though these are on the decline since the controversy over asbestos.

4) Built-up covers of asphalt or tar-impregnated felts, with a mopping of hot tar or asphalt

these are placed between the plies and a mopping of tar or asphalt overall. Tar-felt roofs usually have the top covered with embedded gravel or crushed slag.

5) Roll roofing

Which as the name implies, is marketed in rolls containing approximately 108 ft. Each roll is usually 36 inches wide and may be plain or have a coating of colored Mineral granules. The base is a heavy asphalt-impregnated felt.


6) Asphalt shingles These are usually in the form of strips with two, three, or four tabs per unit. These shingles Is asphalt with the surface exposed to the weather heavily Coated with mineral granules. Because of their fire resistance,Cost, and durability, asphalt shingles are the most popular roofing material for homes. Asphalt shingles are available in a wide range of colours, including black and white._ Glass fibre shingles—These are made partly of a glass fibre mat (which is waterproof) and partly of asphalt. Like asphalt shingles, glass fibre shingles come with self-sealing tabs and carry a Class-A fire-resistance warranty. For the do-it-yourself, they may be of special interest because they are lightweight, about 220 pounds per square (100 ft of roofing).

Roofs

The slope of the roof is frequently a factor in the choice of roofing materials and method used to put them in place. The lower the pitch of the roof, the greater the chance of wind getting under the shingles and tearing them out. Interlocking cedar shingles resist this wind prying better than standard asphalt shingles. For roofs with less than a 4-inch slope per foot, do not use standard asphalt. Down to 2 inches, use self-sealing asphalt. Roll roofing can be used with pitches down to 2 inches when lapped 2 inches. For very low-pitched Slopes, the manufacturers of asphalt shingles recommend that the roof be planned for some other type of covering. Aluminium strip roofing virtually eliminates the problem of wind prying, but these strips are noisy. Most homeowners object to the noise during a rainstorm. Even on porches, the noise is often annoying to those inside the house.Spaced roofing boards are sometimes used with cedar shingles.


This is usually done as an economy measure and because the cedar shingles add considerably to the strength of the roof. The spaced roofing boards reduce the insulating qualities.

Roll Roofing

Roll roofing is an economical cover especially suited For roofs with low pitches. It is also sometimes used for valley flashing instead of metal. It has a base of heavy asphalt-impregnated felt with additional coatings of asphalt that are dusted to prevent adhesion in the roll. The weather surface may be plain or covered with fine mineral granules. Many different colours are available. One edge of the sheet is left plain (no granules) where the lap cement Is applied. For best results, the sheathing must be tight, preferably 1 × 6 tongue-and-groove, or plywood. If the sheathing is smooth.

These asphalt shingles have a three-dimensional look.Asphalt shingles are the most popular.

PROJECT MONITORING :-

PROJECT MONITORING SYSTEM

This is done to continuously track the performance of the project progress, cost sand condition contribution. Corrective actions can be taken when required and provides data.The following three reports are made for the tracking-

Monthly progress report


Job cost report

Project performance report.

QUALITY:-

The technical audit of works done by GDA used to be done in-house right from its inception. The implementation of Quality Assurance in the field will require close co-operation among the three agencies, namely (a) field engineers (b) the construction agency, and (c) the Quality Assurance team at Circle level for strict compliance of Quality Assurance Procedure forming part of agreement.

Quality Control System of the Department-

Multi-level Quality checks have been created in GDA as detailed below:

Field level

The direct responsibility for ensuring proper quality of work as per approved specifications for achieving the intended performance and structural, functional and aesthetical parameters, and the desired life of the building/installation/structure rests with the


construction team of Executive Engineer, Assistant Engineer and Junior Engineer.

Quality Control team at Circle Level

To keep a watch on the effectiveness/adequacy of Quality Assurance measures at site, a Quality Assurance team with SE of the circle as its head and comprising of one AE.

The functions of the Quality Assurance team at Circle level are to check the compliance of Quality Assurance system by the field units, to locate the lapse/deficiency in the implementation of the Quality Assurance Plan, and to guide the field engineers in quality related aspects of the work.

Core Wing at Directorate Level

This Core Wing carries out the following main functions to ensure systematic and comprehensive Assurance of quality in the works: -

· Quality Assurance of works under the Special DG(S&P), (TD), ADG (Border) and Engineer- in- Chief (GDA), Gorakhpur.

· Carry out comprehensive examination & technical audit of works.

· To carry out investigations and enquiries with regard to quality related aspects


Quality Assurance units in the Regions

Quality Assurance works in various Regions are being looked after by the Regional QA units headed by the Superintending Engineer or Director Works of the Region.

CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE (CSQ)

The CSQ unit of GDA is responsible for Contract related matters and quality assurance functions.

The unit headed by a Chief Engineer is located in GDA office and has 5 separate cells headed by superintending engineers to look after specific areas. The specific areas are

1. Contract & Manual

2. Standards and Specifications

3. Quality Assurance

4. Techno-Legal matters

5. Technology Application & Standards Unit.


The unit is also responsible for enlistment of class-1 contractors in GDA besides formulating rules and regulations for enlistment of contractors by different authorities.

All contract related issues, techno legal issues referred to DGW by field units or by other organisations are dealt by this unit. The responsibility of bringing out schedules and specifications also rests with the CSQ unit.

CONCLUSION:-

It was a wonderful learning experience at GDA office, Gorakhpur (for 3 Weeks) . I gained a lot of insight regarding almost every aspect of site. I was given exposure in almost all the departments at the site, but I had liked to highlight the areas of safety, quality management, material management and execution.

I hope this experience will surely help me in my future and also in shaping my career.


THE END THANKYOU


summer training report on multistorey residential buildings

Education