SUN TRACKING SOLAR PANEL

UNDER ESTEEM GUIDANCE

BY

MR. NEERAJ SINGH DOHARE

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DR. B.R.A.E.C.I.T BIJNOR (HBTI KANPUR)

BY

PRASHANT KUMAR 1173520027

RAHUL KUMAR 1173520030

RAVI KUMAR 1173520038

Definition Of Problem

Today’s time solar cells are becoming extremely popular for utilizing solar energy to use in different ways such as producing electricity, transportation, cooking etc .

So many solar panels have been installed all over the world and most of them are stable. They are installed in the direction of maximum radiation of sunlight.

Now the problem arises that the sun moves. So we cannot use maximum radiation of sun all the time. The position of receiving maximum radiation from sun comes once in 24 hours.

SOLUTION

Solar tracker is the best solution for receiving maximum radiation.

By moving the solar panel according to the movement of sun we can always receive the maximum radiation .

Sun Tracking Solar Panel Principle:

The Sun tracking solar panel consists of two LDRs, solar panel and DC motor and PIC16F72 Micro controller.

Two light dependent resistors are arranged on the edges of the solar panel. Light dependent resistors produce low resistance when light falls on them.

The DC motor connected to the panel rotates the panel in the direction of Sun. Panel is arranged in such a way that light on two LDRs is compared and panel is rotated towards LDR which have high intensity i.e. low resistance compared to other. DC motor rotates the panel at certain angle.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

WORKING

It consist of a LDR sensors that sense max solar power which is being given to the Microcontroller through the ADC which digitizes the LDR output.

Controller then takes the decision according to

it’s algorithm and move the panel towards the direction of the max energy with the help of DC Motor .

The Motor is used to rotate the Solar Panel to receive the max solar power.

H bridge circuit H Bridge is used to generally reverse the direction / polarity of motor.

RELAY AND MOTOR MECHANISM

COMPONENTS

Microcontroller (PIC16F72) DC Motor (12V,10 rpm) Lead acid battery (9AH, 12V DC) Solar panel (6 Volt, 3 Watt) Crystal Oscillator (4 MHz) 2 Relays LDR Voltage Regulator (7805) Capacitor

SOLAR PANEL

Collection of photovoltaic cells.

Photovoltaic cell is composed of silicon.

Rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions, and typically ranges from 100 to 320 watts.

Consists array of solar panels, an inverter, and sometimes a battery or solar tracker and interconnection wiring.

The efficiency of a panel determines the area of a panel

Solar Energy installed in India

PIN CONFIGURATION OFPIC 16F72 MICROCONTROLLER

PIN 1- MCLR (RESET)

PIN 2-7 PORT A (A0-A5)

PIN 8-GND

PIN 9-10-Oscillator

PIN 11-18-PORT C

PIN 19-GND

PIN 20-+5VOLT

PIN 21-28- PORT B

DC MOTOR

DC or direct current motor works on the principal, when a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a torque and has a tendency to move. This is known as motoring action.

If the direction of current in the wire is reversed, the direction of rotation also reverses.

The specification of this dc motor is 12 Volt 10 RPM.

Lead Acid Battery Very low energy-to-weight ratio

and a low energy-to- volume ratio, their ability to supply high surge currents means that the cells maintain a relatively large power-to-weight ratio.

These features, along with their low cost, make them attractive for use in motor vehicles to provide the high current required by automobile starter motors. 

FEASIBILITY

Technical/practical :

1.Pollution free

2.Safety in Design

3.Usability

4.Reliable

5.Reduce human error

APPLICATION

 Heating the water Air Conditioner Electric fans Battery charger Emergency battery backup Solar cooker Solar Car

CONCLUSION

In this project, the sun tracking system was implemented which is based on PIC microcontroller.

After examining the information obtained in the data analysis section, it can be said that the proposed sun tracking solar array system is a feasible method of maximizing the energy received from solar radiation.

QUERIES