supercapacitor-the paradigm shift in energy storage
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Supercapacitor-the paradigm shift in energy storage
By,ShabanazSneha sree.sRYMEC BELLARY
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IntroductionEES (Electric Energy Storage)
overcomes the disadvantages of renewable energies like:
Generation discontinuityDifficulty in integration of plants in
generation pool.A renewable energy generation
plant with its corresponding EES behaves as a constant power generation plant.
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What is an Electric Energy Storage
System?An electrical energy storage (EES)
system is an energy reservoir.which can store energy electrically
and supply energy when necessary.Generally EES systems perform three
functions of energymanagement, power bridging, and
power quality control.
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Classification 0f principle energy storage systems.
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Classification of ESS for medium scale applications
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CAES
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Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
It is a way to store energy generated at one time for use at another time.
The energy storage capacity depends on deposit volume and maximum storage pressure of the compressed
air. Efficiency is usually 99% and life time is about
<50 years.
The power generated is 110MW-290MW.
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Pumped hydro electric storage
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Pumped hydroelectric storage
The method stores energy in the form of water, pumped from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation.
These plants are used for large scale applications.
The efficiency is 70-80% and life time is
of 50 years.
The power generated is 100MW-2GW
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Superconducting
magnets Superconducting
Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) system stores the energy as magnetic energy in a superconducting magnet.
The energy stored by an SMES is E=1/2LI2
SMES are designed with an energy storage of 0.15KWh to 28KWh comparatively lower than supercapacitors.
SMES (200 kW, 2 MJ)
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Flywheels Flywheel is a mass rotating about an axis, which can store energy mechanically in the form of kinetic energy.
Energy is stored as kinetic energy Using a rotor that rotates with high angular speed .
Energy is stored as kinetic energy using a rotor that rotates with high angular speed is E=1/2Jω2
Flywheel Energy Storage System (ENERCON, 200 kW)
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BatteriesThese systems could be
located in any place and be rapidly installed.
BESS uses a PCM to convert the battery DC energy into AC grid-compatible energy.
The energy is stored as electro-chemical energy.
These units present fast dynamics with response times near 20 milliseconds and efficiency from 60 % to 80 %.
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supercapacitors
As of 2011 EDLCs have a maximum working voltage of a few volts (standard
electrolytic can work at hundreds of volts) and capacities of up to 5,000F.
There are a large number of developers of supercapacitors. The leading companies include SAFT (France), NESS (Korea), ESMA (Russia), Power Cache (Maxwell, USA), ELIT (Russia), Power System Co. (Japan) and Chubu Electric Power (Japan), etc.
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Supercapacitor
COMPONENTS OF SUPERCAPACITOR
ELECTRODEELECTROLYTESEPERATOR
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Equivalent circuitThis equivalent circuit is only a simplified
or first order model of a Supercapacitor.C=ℇ0ℇrA/D E=1/2CV2
V(t)=VC(0)e-t/RC
E=1/2CVC2(0) )e-2t/RC
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Why supercapacitors for ESS?Because they can store much more than
conventional cap &offer higher power density than batteries.
The main drawback of CAES is probably the geological structure reliance.
Pumped hydro electric storage systems requires large bodies of water having large variation in height
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The major problems confronting the implementation of SMES units are the high cost and environmental issues associated with strong magnetic field .
Self discharge rates for complete flywheel systems are high, with minimum rate of 20% of the stored capacity per hour.
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Advantages of supercapacitors
Low impedance (ESR) Rapid charging and discharging Simple charge methods Cost-effective energy storage Low cost per cycle Lower energy density compensated by a
very high cycle countLong life time
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Disadvantages of supercapacitors
Low energy density Low voltage Linear discharge
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Applications of supercapacitors
The most promising applications are described below:
Portable power suppliesSpinning reserveVoltage regulationPower quality and uninterruptible
power
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Applications
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Domestic ApplicationsComputer systemsUPS systemsPower conditionersWeldersInvertersPower suppliesPower generatorsAutomobile regenerative braking systems
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Conclusion
The 6 technologies described above are applied for power fluctuation suppression in renewable energy.
Supercapacitor is an emerging technology that meets the storage demands for high cost n lower density now and in future
advanced energy storage devices that will further the push towards greater energy efficiency and more sustainable alternatives.
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Questions?
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THANK YOU