supporting farmers during challenging times · on all family members. • obvious impacts –...
TRANSCRIPT
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Supporting Farmers During Challenging Times
John Shutske, ProfessorExtension SpecialistAgricultural Health & Safety for Farm Families
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Objectives
1. Brain science & acute stress
2. Acute Stress Chronic Stress
3. Chronic stress outcomes4. Stress coping
mechanisms facilitated by agricultural professionals and service providers
http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/explore/science/your-amazing-brain/#brain.jpg
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A reflection…• Engage farmers, ag service providers
and helping professionals.• Explain physical, neurochemical
processes and how we might harness that info in our helping role.
• Turn down the fountain…
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Creative Commons photo: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Rept0n1x
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• Physical• Brain and
endocrine mechanisms
• Neuro-bio and chemical
• Where are the levers?
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Let’s Take 10 awkward seconds…
One Thing That’s Stressed You Out in the Last Few Weeks?
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Original artwork from Jessica Malisch and Theodore Garland - Wikipedia
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Cortisol (plus Adrenaline)
• Fight• Flight• Freeze
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_response - Image Creative Commons
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Biochemical Response• Heart Rate
• Blood pressure
• Red blood cell count
• Blood sugar
• Pupils dilate
• Digestive system
• Reproductive system
• Fear center stimulated
• Fear/emotional memories cemented
• Higher level thinking becomes difficult**
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Is the HPA Axis Response Good or Bad?
Good? Bad? Or, it depends?
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We need stress…The gazelle needs stress
Stress helps us as children to get from third to fourth grade
Stress in marriage, children, jobs, growing older (and being young)
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Case Study
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CaseHow and where are you seeing
stress manifesting itself?As a farmer, lender, consultant,
trusted adviser, etc. where are some points where you (or those with whom you work) might be able to make a difference?
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Case Study• In our case study – You see stress impacts
on ALL family members.• Obvious impacts – health, injury, anxiety,
depression.• But, there are also quiet impacts – on the
elderly patriarch of the family, on Jan, and on Jessica who works off the farm and is expecting twins late this winter.
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Shift Gears a bit…
In the case, you also see the impacts of LONG TERM, chronic
stress
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• Point number 1
Photo credit – slide is adapted from original by http://www.enricobanchi.com/
Prefrontal Cortex
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Original work from Jessica Malisch and Theodore Garland - Wikipeda
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Lupien S.J., McEwen B.S., Gunnar M.R. & Heim C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behavior, and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10(6):434-45.
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Note: GR areas are “glucocorticoid” receptors
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid
These receptors lock in on cortisol and turn the furnace down
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Impacts – Chronic Stress• Chronic stress as a vicious cycle
https://pixabay.com/en/rain-man-person-human-male-face-785245/ - labeled as public domain
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Seven Impacts – Chronic Stress
• Chronic stress as a vicious cycle• Physical health effects
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Patrick J. Lynch, medical illustrator, Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License 2006
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https://pixabay.com/en/immune-system-defense-infection-1359197/ - public domain
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https://pixabay.com/en/diabetes-blood-sugar-diabetic-528678/ - labeled as public domain
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Seven Impacts – Chronic Stress
• Chronic stress as a vicious cycle• Physical health effects• Impact on Decision Making, Distraction, and
Memory• Fear and anxiety
Deal with these two bullets together with little “quiz”
9-10
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Cortisol….A. Inhibits function of the PFC?B. Causes amygdala tissue to grow
stronger?C. Shrinks size and reduces
connections in hippocampus?D. All of the above
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• Point number 1
http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v15/n5/fig_tab/nn.3093_F1.html
9-10
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Seven Impacts – Chronic Stress
• Chronic stress as a vicious cycle• Physical health effects• Impact on Decision Making, Distraction, and
Memory• Fear and anxiety• Learning, Adaptation, Resilience
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Amy F. T. Arnsten, A. F. T. (2009). Stress signaling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10(6): 410–422.
10-11
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Amy F. T. Arnsten, A. F. T. (2009). Stress signaling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10(6): 410–422.
10-11
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Seven Impacts – Chronic Stress
• Chronic stress as a vicious cycle• Physical health effects• Impact on Decision Making, Distraction, and
Memory• Fear and anxiety• Learning, Adaptation, Resilience • Addiction Behaviors & Risk
10-11
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Seven Impacts – Chronic Stress
• Chronic stress as a vicious cycle• Physical health effects• Impact on Decision Making, Distraction, and
Memory• Fear and anxiety• Learning, Adaptation, Resilience • Addiction Behaviors & Risk• Communication & Support Impacts
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https://pixabay.com/en/father-son-family-1383159/ - labeled as public domain
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Control
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Some Other Key Factors
Image adapted from presentation - http://www.slideshare.net/kimappel/psy-150-403-chapter-11-slides
12-13
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Let’s simplify this a bit… In hundreds of experiments (including lots of
variations)… Two groups of rats can be subjected to a really
terrible stimulus – like a painful electrical shock If one group has the ability to exert SOME control --
like shutting off the shock once it’s started…. They will show effects similar to a control group that
has no painful stimulus – in other words, the stimulus is not as stressful
The rats experiencing the same pain, but with no means to control will waste away
12-13
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Helping people regain a sense of control
15-16
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Previous slide reference…
Keller, A., Litzelman, K., Wisk, L. E., Maddox, T., Cheng, E. R., Creswell, P. D., & Witt, W. P. (2012). Does the perception that stress affects health matter? The association with health and mortality. Health Psychology, 31(5), 677.
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McGonigal’s Summaries• Also in book “The Upside of Stress”
(2015)• Do not fear stress response• It’s a call to action• It should call for us to reach out, build
relationships, and personal networks with family, loved ones, and community
13-14
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Pause, Questions, Review Your Work as an Ag Professional: Helping to
Tame Farm Stress (audience, ag service sector)
Farm Stress & Decision Making During Challenging Times (audience, ag community, family members, employees)
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Exercise• It’s kind of a big deal!• Release of natural endorphins• Strengthen circulatory, respiratory, brain
function, immune system• Brain oxygen, nourishment (20% of energy)• Positive cortisol effects (receptors, size of
hippocampus, positive effects on PFC)
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(A) Example of hippocampus segmentation and graphs demonstrating an increase in hippocampus volume for the aerobic exercise group and a decrease in volume for the
stretching control group.
Kirk I. Erickson et al. PNAS 2011;108:3017-3022
©2011 by National Academy of Sciences
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Meditation & Mindfulness
• Grow, strengthen and thicken hippocampus• Diminishes influence of the amygdala• Oxygen, breathing• Focus on here and now increases sense of
control
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Photo Creative Commons from https://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwsmidwest/
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Counseling – Third Party Help
• Provide perspective and moderate emotional conversations.
• Reinforce positive behavioral and lifestyle changes.• Accountability and follow-through.• Our DATCP offers vouchers for support.
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Some Comments and Specific Thoughts on Your Role
-don’t do it alone-TIME-team approach-your stress and well-being
15-16
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Conclusion…•Stress is complicated. But, not really (helping people fix things IS complex)
•Acute stress evolves toward chronic stress
•Chronic stress alters brain – impacts are reversible, but health is crucial
•At least seven impacts – they “pile on” to each other
•Helping people help themselves takes patience, time, & multi-approaches
•Part of impact is our VIEW of how it effects our lives. Framing is critical for people’s health. Helping people regain a sense of positive CONTROL is really critical!