supporting standards comprise 35% of the u. s. history test 5 (b) & (c)

Supporting standards comprise 35% of the U. S. History Test

5 (B) & (C)

What is a “Muckraker”?

During the late 1890’s and early years of the 1900’s, newspapers, magazines and

books began scathing attacks on the abuses of the new order (child labor, urban

political machines, corrupt government, industrial labor abuses and poor working

conditions, etc.). In 1906, Theodore Roosevelt applied the term “muckraker” to

those who exposed the pungent scandals and misconduct of the period. Muckraking

flourished from 1903 to 1909.

Supporting Standard (5)The student understands the effects of reform

& third-party movements in the early 20th century.

The Student is expected to:(B) Evaluate the impact of muckrakers &

reform leaders such as Upton Sinclair, Susan B. Anthony, Ida B. Wells, & W. E. B. DuBois

on American Society



The Student is expected to:(B) 1 Evaluate the impact of Upton Sinclair

on American Society

Upton Sinclair

Sinclair (1878-1968—left) wrote The Jungle (1906) about working in meat packinghouses. It was the single most significant work of the muckrakers. It led to legislation that regulated the food and drug industry (meat inspection bills and the Second Food and Drug Act). The severity of the regulation involved the government in private industry as it had not been before.



The Student is expected to:(B) 1 Evaluate the impact of Susan B.

Anthony on American Society• A prominent American civil rights leader

& feminist who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women’s rights movement to introduce women’s suffrage into the U. S.

• Co-founder of the first Women's Temperance Movement with Elizabeth Cady Stanton as President.

• Traveled the United States and Europe, and averaged 75 to 100 speeches per year.



The Student is expected to:(B) 1 Evaluate the impact of Ida B. Wells on

American Society

• An African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist and, with her husband, newspaper owner Ferdinand L. Barnett

• An early leader in the civil rights movement• Documented lynchings in the U. S. lynching ,

showing how it was often a way to control or punish blacks who competed with whites



The Student is expected to:(B) 1 Evaluate the impact of W. E. B DuBois

on American Society

The Niagara Movement and W. E. B. DuBois

African-American sociologist W. E. B DuBois convened a gathering on the Canadian side of Niagara Falls to form a plan for obtaining better treatment for blacks

In 1903, DuBois published The Souls of Black Folk, calling for justice and equality

Other note-worthy Muck-rakers & reform leaders

The Muckrakers—the Journalistic Voice of the Progressive

Movement

Magazines, such as McClure’s, Collier’s and Cosmopolitan ran scathing attacks on government and business.

Writers like Lincoln Steffens, 1866-1936 (right)

assailed the unholy union of corrupt politics and

business in their works of the early 20th century.

Steffens’ collected writings—serialized in McClure‘s—

later appeared in a single volume, The Shame of the

Cities, 1904.

A caricature of the corruption of string-pulling big city politics—Lincoln Steffens—used by McClure’s to expose

corruption in the big cities

Ida Tarbell, 1857-1944

Tarbell wrote a long series

of articles exposing the

sins of Standard Oil in McClure’s.



The Student is expected to:(C) Evaluate the impact of third parties,

including the Populist & Progressive parties



The Student is expected to:(C) Evaluate the impact of third parties,

including the Populist Party (see also 3 A)

It was most important in 1892-96, and then rapidly faded away. Based among poor, white cotton farmers in the South (especially North Carolina, Alabama, and Texas) and hard-pressed wheat farmers in the plains states

(especially Kansas and Nebraska), it represented a radical crusading reform, agrarianism, and hostility to banks, railroads, and elites generally.

Two Things Led to the

Dissolution of the People’s

Party: Improvements in the financial conditions

that led to the party’s rise

The absorption of party by the Democrats who in 1896 embraced a

leader—William Jennings Bryan—that became the voice & spokesperson for

the same causes that created the Populist movement.



The Student is expected to:(C) 2 Evaluate the impact of third parties,

including the Progressive Party (see also 5 A)

Comlements Readiness Standard

(5)The Student understands the effects

of reform and third-party movements in the early 20th century

Split in the Republican Party

Theodore Roosevelt tried to get the Republican nomination, but

failed. He then split with the Republican Party and formed the Progressive (Bull Moose) Party.

This new party had a bold progressive platform called “New Nationalism.” It was radical and called for women’s suffrage and

minimum wage.

The “Back from Elba” movement pushed for TR’s re-entry into the

political fray. “Delighted Democrats looked on as Taft and Roosevelt fought for

the Republican nomination. As the

incumbent president, Taft controlled the

party machinery, and when the Republican

convention met in June 1912, he took the

nomination.”

Progressive Republicans re-

convened after the party nominated Taft.

They formed themselves into an new “Progressive

Party”—a.k.a., the “Bull Moose” Party—

and selected TR as their candidate. Thus

evolved “the fist important three-

cornered presidential contest since 1860.”

Election of 1912

Taft the Republican

Roosevelt of the “Bull Moose”

Party

Wilson the Democrat

Election of 1912

Wilson 6.29 million 435

Roosevelt 4.1 million 88

Taft 3.5 million 8

Theodore Roosevelt split the Republican vote & handed the election to Democrat Wilson.

Similarly, the election of 1992 also ensured a rather unlikely

victory for Democrat challenger Bill Clinton over incumbent

George H. W. Bush.

Texas businessman H. Ross Perot entered the race as a conservative

challenger and split the Republican vote.

All 538 electoral votes of the Electoral College270 electoral votes needed to win

Turnout 55.2%

Nominee Bill ClintonGeorge H. W.

BushH. Ross Perot

Party Democrat Republican Independent

Home state Arkansas Texas Texas

Running mate Al Gore Dan Quayle James Stockdale

Electoral vote 370 168 0

States carried 32 + DC 18 0

Popular vote 44,909,806 39,104,550 19,743,821

Percentage 43.0% 37.5% 18.9%

Bush wins with popular votes give to Perot

supporting standards comprise 35% of the u. s. history test 5 (b) & (c)

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