Murali Krishna GummaRS-GIS laboratory

Resilient Dryland Systems

ICRISAT, PatancheruKSI, May 08th , 2015

Supporting the mission of ICRISAT using

Geospatial tools

Identifying the opportunities for intensifying drylands

RS/GIS team

South Asia

Anthony WhitbreadMurali K GummaIrshad AhmedDeepika UppalaIsmail Rafi

ESA

Andre Van RooenAlbert ChirimaGizachew Legasse

WCA

PCS Traore & Team

Outline

1. How Geospatial data can contribute to agricultural research?

2. Crop type / crop intensity mapping / changes

3. Contributions to CRPs

Geospatial products for the SAT

Research groups• Breeders• System modelers• Social scientists• Hydrologists• Planning departments

Crop type / intensity maps

Land use changes

Tracking adoption of NRM Technologies

Spatial modeling(Prioritization)

Simulated yield estimations and impact

Crop LGP

Abiotic stresses

Impact assessment

Satellite Spatial resolution (m) Spectral bands Pixels/ha $/Sq.km

AVHRR 1000 4 0.01 Free

MODIS 500/250 36 (7) 0.04 FreeLandsat ETM+ 30 7 11.1 Free

Landsat 8* 30 11 11.1 FreeNAIP-AP 1 1 10000 Free

AWiFS 56.5 4 207 0.01

IRS Liss3 23.5 4 18.1 0.15

ASTER 15 4 44.4 0.04

IRS Liss4 5.6 3 400 1.19

RapidEye 5 5 400 1.23

IKNONOS 4 3 625 5.02

Cartosat1 2.5 PAN 1600 6.59

GeoEye1 2 4 2500 12.05

SPOT 10 4 100 1.01

Remote sensing imagery: Global to local at resolution

* Landsat 8 effective from March 2013 (up to date free satellite images)

…..so we now get very high quality data (e.g., Landsat 8 for free!!!).

Field to global scale mapping WS level @ 1m

Global scale @ 10km

China

Soviet Union

India

Iran

Mongolia

Pakistan

Burma

Afghanistan

Thailand

Indonesia

Laos

Oman

Japan

Vietnam

Nepal

Papua N Guin

Malaysia

Cambodia

Bangladesh

Korea D P Rp

Korea Rep

Philippines

Sri Lanka

Bhutan

Untd Arab Em Taiwan

Brunei

Australia

150°0'0"E

150°0'0"E

120°0'0"E

120°0'0"E

90°0'0"E

90°0'0"E

60°0'0"E

60°0'0"E

30°0

'0"N

30°0

'0"N

0°0

'0"

0°0

'0"

Continental wise – Asia @ 500mRegional – Africa @250m

River basin – Krishna @ 30m Country – Ghana @ 30m

30 m

Asia rice map (2010)

01. Rainfed - rice

02. Irrigated - surface water-rice

03. Irrigated - groundwater - rice

04. Irrigated - conjunctive use - rice

Legend

level3_50cls-to-14cls_atankwidi.img

Class_Names

Barrenlands lands

Barrenlands mix with Rangleands

Irrigated-Shallow Groundwater-Vegetables

Rainfed-LS-mixed crops

Rainfed-MS-mixed crops

Rangelands mix with fallows, Short shrubs

Rangelands-Rainfed fallows

Rangelnads Mix with Barren ladns

Riverbed and bare soils

Savannah, Forest (Trees)

Savannah, Trees, Short shrubs

Settlements

Short shrubs, trees

Water bodies

http://www.croplands.org/

Methods and approaches for mapping

cropland extent

Feb 2011_MVC Mar 2011_MVC Apr 2011_MVC May 2011_MVC

Temporal satellite images(MODIS 250m)Rescaled NDVI

0 1

Jan 2014 Feb 2014 Mar 2014 Apr 2014

May 2014 Jun 2014 Jul 2014 Aug 2014

Sep 2014 Oct 2014 Nov 2014 Dec 2014

Ground data collection

Band1 17-Jan-14

Band2 18-Feb-14

Band3 18-Mar-14

Band4 18-Apr-14

Band5 18-May-14

Band6 18-Jun-14

Band7 18-Jul-14

Band8 18-Aug-14

Band9 18-Sep-14

Band10 18-Oct-14

Band11 18-Nov-14

Band12 18-Dec-14

Band13 2-Jan-15

Band14 18-Jan-15

Band15 2-Feb-15

Band16 18-Feb-15

Band17 5-Mar-15

Ideal Spectral signatures

Mapping crop land areas in Africa(2014)

Major crops (2014)

01. Rainfed-sc-sorghum

02. Rainfed-sc-millets/sorghum

03. Rainfed-sc-groundnut

04. Rainfed-sc-pigeonpea

05. Rainfed-SC-maize/sorghum/millet

06. Other crops

Land use / land cover Area (ha)

01.Rainfed-DC Maize/mixed crops 6372292

02.Rainfed-SC Maize/sorghum 1815141

03.Rainfed-SC tef, sorghum, Maize 2001659

04.Rainfee-SC-tef/wheat,barly 2479437

05.Rainfed mixed Crops (vegetables etc) 3245085

06.Irrigated-SC-sugarcane-VLS 742929

07.Irrigated_mixedcrops 3885358

08.Rainfed_Rice 425107

09.Rangeland/fallow 8707126

10.Range lands/Shrublands 31388136

11.Shrublands/Wasteland tress 33157504

12.Barenlands/Sanddunes 13747506

13.Forest 4671170

14.Waterbodies 697645

15.Builtup 40946

11,33,77,041

Level5_mod250_2014_lulc_15cls.img

01.Rainfed-DC Maize/mixed crops

02.Rainfed-SC Maize/sorghum

03.Rainfed-SC tef, sorghum, Maize

04.Rainfee-SC-tef/wheat,barly

05.Rainfed mixed Crops

06.Irrigated-SC-sugarcane-VLS

07.Irrigated_mixedcrops

08.Rainfed_Rice

09.Rangeland/fallow

10.Range lands/Shrublands

11.Shrublands/Wasteland tress

12.Barenlands/Sanddunes

13.Forest

14.Waterbodies

15.Builtup

Mapping crop land areas in Ethiopia (2014)

Gumma et al., (Preparation)

Gonji qolella

East site

West site

LULC Mapping in Ethiopia (Amhara region)

Mapping crop land areas in Malawi (2014)(Gumma et al., Prep)

Mapping crop land areas in Tanzania

Mapping crop land areas in Mali (2014)

Land Use Land Cover changes in Kani Village of Mali(1991, 2002 and 2013)

Birhanu & Gumma., 2015SC = Single crop

Mapping of Crop Land During 2014

Mapping of Crop Land During 2014

Methods and approaches

Spatial analysis for

Prioritization

Gumma et al., 2015

1st Priority

Prioritization of watersheds: Semi-arid tropcs

!

!

Adulala

Kechema

Gumma et al., 2014

Methods and approaches for delineating groundwater potential zones

Gumma et al., 2013

Inland valley area and % area cultivated in Ghana

1. IV wetland area: 11.4 %

(2,714,946 hectares) of the

total geographic area of

Ghana which is 23,853,300

hectares.

2. IV wetland cultivation:

< 5% (130,000 ha) of IV

wetlands are currently

cultivated.

Color key

Colors indicate

characteristically

similar inland valley

wetlands in

biophysical terms.

Gumma et al., 2009

Total land area = 446 MhaTotal cropland area = 205 Mha

Croplands of South Asia 2014-2015

Land use / land cover (area in 000'ha): 2014-15

01. Irrigated-TC-Rice-Rice-Fallows/Mixedcrops (4477)

02. Irrigated-TC-Rice-Wheat-Pulses (219)

03. Irrigated-TC-Rice/Mixedcrops-Rice-Rice/Mixedcrops (3046)

04. Irrigated-DC-Rice-Rice (6975)

05. Irrigated-DC-Rice-Wheat/Chickpea (21358)

06. Irrigated-DC-Rice-Maize/Beans/Pulses (8293)

07. Irrigated-DC-Rice/Sorghum-Pulses/Chickpea (2238)

08. Irrigated-DC-Rice/Maize/Beans-Mixedcrops (3697)

09. Irrigated-DC-Cotton/Pigeonpea-Mixedcrops (2686)

10. Irrigated-DC-Beans-Mustard (1427)

11. Rainfed-Supplemental-DC-Maize-Wheat/Chickpea (11554)

12. Irrigated-Conjunctive-DC-Millet/Sorghum/Beans-Wheat/Chickpea (17212)

13. Rainfed-Supplemental-DC-Pigeonpea-Chickpea/Mixedcrops (141)

14. Rainfed-Supplemental-DC-Pulses-Wheat/Chickpea/Mixedcrops (4812)

15. Irrigated-DC-Sorghum/Maize/Beans/Gnut-Wheat/Chickpea (22699)

16. Irrigated-DC-vegetables/rice- fallow (225)

17. Irrigated-DC-Mixedcrops-Chickpea (9898)

18. Irrigated-DC-Mixedcrops/Sugarcane (8221)

19. Rainfed-DC-Rice-Fallows (2176)

20. Rainfed-DC-Maize-Pigeonpea (102)

21. Rainfed-Rice/Maize/Mixedcrops (5107)

22. Rainfed-SC-Cotton/Pigeonpea/Chilli/Mixedcrops (21511)

23. Rainfed-SC-Wheat/Mustard/Chickpea (1142)

24. Rainfed-SC-Maize/Beans/Mixedcrops (5050)

25. Rainfed-SC-Millet/Beans/Sorghum/Fallow (32793)

26. Rainfed-SC-Sorghum/Millet/Maize/Rice (4885)

27. Rainfed-SC-Pulses/Fallows (16516)

28. Rainfed-SC-Mustard/Maize/Chickpea-mix (500)

29. Rainfed-SC-Mixedcrops (4709)

30. Irrigated-SC-Sugarcane/Banana (4141)

31. Rangelands/Shrublands/Rainfed-Fallows (19328)

32. Barrenlands/Shrublands/Wastelands (104544)

33. Forest (89149)

34. Waterbodies (1818)

35. Built-up (3336)

ICRISAT Mandate crops in South Asia

Class_Name

Millet (5348103 hectares)

Kharif + Rabi sorghum ( 4322140 hectares)

ICRISAT Crops (2013-14)

Sorghum

Millets

Groundnut

Pigeonpea

Chickpea

Groundnut (774300 hectares)

Groundnut (1.67 Mha)

Chickpea crop extent: India

Land use / land cover (2014-15)

Rainfed - supplemental - chickpea

Irrigated - croplands

Rainfed - croplands

Water bodies

Urban areas

Other LULC

Rice – fallows (rabi fallows) in India (2014-15)

level6_2014-15_rice-fallow-12cls.img

01. Rainfed-SC-rice-fallows

02. Rainfed-supplemental-rice-fallows

03. Irrigated-SW-SC-rice-fallows

04. Rainfed-SC-rice/mixedcrops-fallow

05. Rainfed-DC-rice-pupses

06. Irrigated-DC-rice-pulses

07. Irrigated-DC-rice-rice

08. Irrigated-DC-rice-wheat/maize

09. Irrigated-TC-rice-rice-mixed crops

10. Irrigated-SC-banana/rice/sugarcane

11. Rainfed-Lowlands-rice

12. Rainfed-SC-mixedcrops-fallows

13. Other LULC

14. Water bodies

15. Urban areas

CountryNet rice area

(000'ha)

Rainfed- rice-fallows (000'ha)

Irrigated-rice-fallows

(000'ha)

Pakistan 2,173 23 2

Nepal 1,665 13 102

Bhutan 28 0 2

Bangladesh 8,306 83 2,275

Sri Lanka 744 2 2

India 43,439 4,941 3,258

Identifying rice-fallows

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Dec-11 Feb-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Oct-12 Dec-12

No

ma

lize

d d

iffe

ren

ce

ve

ge

tatio

n in

de

x

Month

LSWI NDVI

Fallow window Summer rice Monsoon rice

Crop intensity

Crop intensity

Single crop

Double crop

Triple crop

Kharif: Length of growing periods (LGP)

LGP (Kharif)

01. Jun-Oct

02. Jun-Nov

03. Jul-Sep

04. Jul-Oct

05. Jul-Nov

06. Jul-Dec

07. Aug-dec

Rabi: Length of growing periods (LGP)

LGP (Rabi)

01. Oct-Feb

02. Oct-Jan

03. Nov-Apr

04. Nov-Feb

05. Dec-Mar

06. Dec-Apr

07. Jan-Mar

08. Feb-Apr

Summer: Length of growing periods (LGP)

LGP (Summer)

01. Feb-Apr

02. Feb-May

03. Mar-Jun

Planting dates

Planting dates

01. Jun, 1st to 30th

02. Jul, 1st to 15th

03. Jul, 16th to 30th

04. Aug, 1st to 15th

05. Aug, 16th to 30th

06. Sept, 1st to 15th

07. Sept, 16th to 30th

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

May-13 Aug-13 Nov-13 Mar-14 Jun-14

ND

VI &

LS

WI

Date

NDVI LSWI

PlantingHarvesting

Temporal changes due to various stresses in agriculture areas

Abiotic stresses

Flood damage

Mild drought

Moderate drought

Severe drought

Abiotic stresses: 2002

a) Abiotic stresses

Abiotic stresses

Flood damage

Mild drought

Moderate drought

Severe droughtGumma et al., 2014

Mapping crop land areas in Myanmar (2013 -14)

Land use / land cover

01. Rainfed-lowlands-flood-rice-LS

02. Rainfed-SC-rice-fallow-LS

03. Rainfed-DC-rice-pulses-LS

04. Rainfed/irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice-LS

05. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-pulses/mixed crops

06. Rainfed-SC-mixed crops-LS(30% shrubs)

07. Rainfed-GW-SC-mixedcrops

08. Shrub lands mix with rainfed mixedcrops

09. Water bodies

10. Built-up lands

11. Evergreen forests/shrub lands/other land cover

Land use / land cover Area (ha)

01. Rainfed - lowlands-flood-rice-LS 407230

02. Rainfed - SC-rice-fallow-LS 788431

03. Rainfed - DC-rice-pulses-LS 3233464

04. Rainfed / irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice-LS 1813600

05. Irrigated - SW-DC-rice-pulses/mixed crops 417852

06. Rainfed – SC - mixed crops-LS(30% shrubs) 5547140

07. Rainfed-GW-SC-mixed crops 777788

08. Shrub lands mix with rainfed mixed crops 3400884

099. Water bodies 574173

10. Built-up lands 96840

11. Evergreen forests/shrub lands/other land cover 50222483

Net rice area 6,660,577

Gross rice area 8,474,177

Pulses area 3,651,316

Pulses

Potential areas for grain legumes: Myanmar

Regions / Province

Rice-fallows

(ha)

Ayeyarwady 33900

Bago East 13204

Bago West 36078

Chin 1017

Kachin 10618

Kayah 4560

Kayin 5026

Magway 70722

Mandalay 91006

Mon 4683

Rakhine 25353

Sagaing 281352

Shan (East) 3131

Shan (North) 14697

Shan (South) 43250

Tanintharyi 2756

Yangon 25877

Expansion of Chickpea in AP

Land use / land cover

Groundnut / sorghum / fallows

Maize / mixed crops

Cotton-chilli

Orchards / mixed crops

Rice-mixed crops

Other LULC

Chickpea

Year 2000-01 Year 2012-13

389,361 ha

558,713 ha

Expansion of Chickpea

DistrictsArea (ha)

MODIS-2000 MODIS-2005 Modis-2012

Anantapur 34777 51304 84493

Cuddapah 30343 69258 117903

Kurnool 68113 140511 196793

Prakasam 35129 128288 159524

168362 389361 558713

168,362 ha

Gumma et al., (review)

Contribution to CRP: Dryland systems

Land use / land cover changes at the action sites

Contribution to CRP: Dryland systems

Land use / land cover at the action sites

Contribution to CRP: Dryland systems

No data

1 - 750

751 - 1,500

1,501 - 2,000

2,001 - 2,805

No data

1,001 - 2,000

2,001 - 3,000

3,001 - 4,000

> 4,000

Crop Wet Biomass (Nandihal )

Crop Wet Biomass(Mannur and Balaganur)

Biomass estimation (Bijapur sites)

Contribution to CRP: Water, land and ecosystems

Land use / land cover maps for the action sitesRice growing areas (2012-13)

01. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice-TP

02. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice (50%)-TP

03. Irrigated-SW-SC-rice-DS

04. Irrigated-SW-SC-rice-TP

05. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-moxedcrops/fallow-DS

06. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice-DS

07. Rainfed-supplemental-SC-rice/mixedcrops-TP

08. Irrigated-SC-rice with mixedcrops-TP

09. Rainfed-SC-rice with mixedcrops-TP/DS

10. Plantaions/orchards

11. Water bodies

12. Urban areas

Other land use / land cover

Districts

Net rice area: 1.1 mha

Gumma et al., (review)

SIRVAR

KAVITAL

MANVI

KALLUR

Transplanted Rice (25-30 days crop)

Direct Seeded Rice (30-35 days crop)

Land use / land cover (2014)

01. Rainfed-SC-rice

02. Rainfed-SC-mixed crops, rice / shrubs mix

03. Rainfed-supplemental-DC-rice-pulses

04. Rainfed-SC-mixed crops/shrubs mix

05. Rangelands / fallows

06. Shrub lands / Rainfed-SC-mixed crops

07. Shrub lands/forest

08. Forests

09. Waterbodies / wetlands

10. Built-up lands

Note: SC = Single crop; DC= Double crop

Mapping crop land areas in Laos (2014) Contribution to CRP: CCAFS

Conclusions

• Mapped agriculture areas for Asia and Africa

• Conducted intensive ground data for priority countries

• Tested methods at country level

• Support to multidisciplinary teams

Next steps

1. Map cropland areas for Africa

2. Develop automated techniques using open source software

3. Dissemination of geospatial outputs across institute

4. Conducting capacity building courses at institute wide

5. Collaborations with other CG centres and other research organizations

Thank you