surface water hydrosphere. learning targets 1.compare streams and rivers and their importance...
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SURFACE WATER
Hydrosphere
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Learning Targets
1. Compare streams and rivers and their importance
2. Describe what ponds and lakes are, and why they are important
3. Explain why wetlands are significant in the water cycle, and describe their biodiversity
4. Describe the causes of floods and their effects
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Surface Freshwater
1. 3 categories: a) Moving waterb) Non-moving waterc) Wetlands
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Moving water
1. Flows downhill, constantly movinga) Streams – moving water confined by
earthen banksb) Rivers – largest bodies of moving water
i. Amazon river moves 220,000 m3/sec
c) Source: where a stream beginsd) Mouth: where a stream ends
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Non-moving Water
1.Ponds – small body of freshwater2.Lakes – larger body of freshwater
a) Most lakes are in the Northern Hemisphere
Glacier melt from the last ice ageCanada: 60% of worlds lakes
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Parts of a lake
1. Littoral zonea) Along the shore
2. Photic zone (Limnetic)a) Sunlight reaches this area
3. Aphotic zone (profundal)a) Deep water; very little
photosynthesis
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Wetlands
1. Wetland – land that holds a significant amount of water; can be fresh or saltwater
2. Types of Wetlandsa) Marsh – grasses; no treesb) Swamp – lush trees
Low oxygen conditions – organisms must be adapted
c) Estuary – place where river and ocean mix Brackish water
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Wetlands Ecological Importance
1. Wetlands are very importanta) Unique ecosystems – fragile and
sensitive; many endangered species
2. Very high biodiversitya) 5% of U.S. land area/30% of U.S. Plant
species
3. Wetlands naturally purify watera) Trap and remove fertilizers and pollutants
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Floods
1. Flood: overflow of water in one placea) All bodies of water flood; too much
precipitation to be absorbed
2. Lots of vegetation is the best way to limit flooding
a) Wetlands minimize flooding; act as buffer between water and land
3. Flooding moves and deposits nutrient rich sediments in floodplains
a) Erosion
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