survey on garment workers in karnataka - 2015

8/17/2019 Survey on garment workers in Karnataka - 2015

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Ibetrb aor ]orkbrs Lgegmblbet (I]L)

Mgrlbet ged Tbxtfcb ]orkbrs Refoe (MGT]R)

7

]gmb ged ]ork Fetbesfty fe Mgrlbet Ybitor0 Ytudy oa Hgemgcorb ged Kgregtgkg

F. Fetroduitfoe

Tjb mgrlbet fedustry fe Kgregtgkg blpcoys ge bstflgtbd 2 cgkj mgrlbet workbrs. Lost oa tjb

blpcoylbet fs fe tjb ifty oa Hgemgcorb, gctjoumj tjb fedustry fs eow bxpgedfem feto tjb slgcc

towes groued tjb ifty. Tjb sbitor blpcoys lgfecy wolbe workbrs, wjo ioestftutb groued 6>

pbribet oa tjb totgc workaorib. ]gmbs fe tjb sbitor grb cgrmbcy dbtbrlfebd hy tjb stgtutory

Lfeflul ]gmb, wftj tjbrb hbfem eo festgeib oa wgmbs dbtbrlfebd hy ioccbitfvb hgrmgfefem.

Tjb Mgrlbet ged Tbxtfcb ]orkbrs Refoe (MGT]R) fs ge fedbpbedbet trgdb uefoe oa mgrlbet

workbrs fe Kgregtgkg. Tjb uefoe jgs hbbe fe tjb aorbaroet oa tjb strummcb aor hbttbr wgmbs fe tjb

sbitor. Tjb sustgfebd iglpgfme oa MGT]R jgs hbbe oeb oa tjb agitors rbspoesfhcb aor tjb

feirbgsb fe tjb stgtutory Lfeflul ]gmb fe tjb mgrlbet sbitor fe tjb stgtb. MGT]R cbmgccy

ijgccbembd tjb eoe-flpcblbetgtfoe oa tjb 8>>6 Lfeflul ]gmb Eotfafigtfoe, ged tjb

rbpcgiblbet oa tjb eotfafigtfoe wftj g arbsj 8>7> eotfafigtfoe tjgt rbduibd tjb lfeflul wgmb.

Tjb uefoe gcso fe 8>78 ged 8>79 iglpgfmebd aor uefvbrsgc gppcfighfcfty oa tjb dbgrebss

gccowgeib (DG) aor gcc workbrs, feicudfem tjosb hbfem pgfd wgmbs jfmjbr tjge tjb Lfeflul

]gmb. Tjb iglpgfme soumjt to protbit rbgc wgmbs aor workbrs fe g sbitor wjbrb tjbrb wgmbs

wbrb eot luij jfmjbr tjge tjb povbrty wgmb. Ft tgrmbtbd tjb lg`or hrgeds ged icgfls fe tjbfr

hrged iodbs oa tryfem to besurb gppcfighfcfty oa mcohgc eorls aor dbibet work. Tjb suiibssauc

iglpgfme hbebafttbd ovbr oeb cgkj workbrs fe tjb sbitor, wftj DG to gcc workbrs hbiolfem g

iustolgry prgitfib fe tjb sbitor sfeib 8>78.

Ibetrb aor ]orkbrs Lgegmblbet (I]L) fs g rbsbgrij ormgefsgtfoe workfem oe fssubs oa cghour

stgedgrds ged cghour rfmjts fe tjb aorlgc ged feaorlgc sbitor fe Fedfg. I]L ioccghorgtbd wftj

MGT]R fe 8>78 ged 8>79 to hrfem out wgmb ged bxpbedfturb survbys. Tjb 8>72 wgmb survby fs

g ioetfeugtfoe oa tjfs oemofem bxbrifsb to strbemtjbe ioccbitfvb hgrmgfefem fe tjb mgrlbet sbitor.

Tjb aoccowfem sbitfoes dbgc wftj ge ovbrvfbw oa tjb stgtutory lfeflul wgmbs aor mgrlbets fe

Kgregtgkg; tjb wgmb survby ged fssubs oa work fetbesfty; ged solb fssubs aor dfsiussfoe.


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8

FF. Lfeflul wgmbs fe mgrlbet sbitor aor Kgregtgkg

Tjb aoccowfem sbitfoe jfmjcfmjts tjb jfstory oa flpcblbetgtfoe oa tjb Lfeflul ]gmbs Git fe

tjb mgrlbet sbitor aor Kgregtgkg.

Ormgefsbd agitory hgsbd mgrlbet lgeuagiturb fe Hgemgcorb ifty jgd fts orfmfes fe tjb lfd to

cgtb sbvbetfbs. Tjb afrst Lfeflul ]gmb eotfafigtfoe wgs hroumjt out fe 76:8, wftj g mugrgetbbd

lfeflul wgmb oa Xs.78.6>, wftjout gey dbgrebss gccowgeib (DG). Tghcb7 mfvbs tjb jfmjcfmjts

oa tjb suhsbqubet lfeflul wgmb eotfafigtfoes. Giiordfemcy, arol 76:1 oewgrds, workbrs fe

tjb sbitor wbrb iovbrbd hy g lfeflul wgmb tjgt wgs ebutrgcfsbd aor feacgtfoe wftj g DG

iolpoebet.

Tghcb70 Ytgtutory Lfeflul ]gmb jfstory aor mgrlbets

Vbgr Lfeflul DG aorlucg

wgmb (I^F oe 761> fedbx)

(Xs/dgy)

76:8 78.6> Eo DG

76:1 74.>>+DG 8.2 pgfsb ovbr 4=> I^F

7669 8:.8>+DG 8.2 pgfsb ovbr 771= I^F

8>>7 =7.=>+DG 9 pgfsb ovbr 8986 I^F

8>>6 ::.6>+DG

4 pgfsb ovbr 8=>9 I^F (eot

flpcblbetbd)

8>7> 7>1.:>+DG 4 pgfsb ovbr 9761 I^F

8>74 88>.>>+DG 4 pgfsb ovbr 2>=2 I^F

Yourib0 Cghour Dbpgrtlbet, Kgregtgkg

Yolb fssubs wftj tjfs jfstory ebbd to hb jfmjcfmjtbd. Tjb afrst Lfeflul ]gmb eotfafigtfoe fe

76:8 aor tjb sbitor wgs ijgccbembd hy tjb fedustry, ged wgs afegccy eotfafbd wftjout gey

ebutrgcfsgtfoe aor feacgtfoe. Tjb DG ebutrgcfsgtfoe iglb oecy wftj tjb sbioed eotfafigtfoe fe

76:1.

Tjb 8>>7 feftfgc wgmb eotfafigtfoe wgs wftjdrgwe hy tjb Cghour dbpgrtlbet, ged rbfssubd fe

tjb ybgr, wftj g rbduitfoe fe tjb eotfafbd wgmb, hbigusb oa g –icbrfigc brror“. Tjb 8>>6 wgmb

eotfafigtfoe wgs eot flpcblbetbd hy tjb fedustry aor g wjocb ybgr. Fe 8>7> Lgrij tjb

eotfafigtfoe wgs rbfssubd, gmgfe wftj tjb bxiusb oa g –icbrfigc brror“ hy tjb Cghour Dbpgrtlbet.


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9

MGT]R ijgccbembd tjb eoe-flpcblbetgtfoe oa tjb orfmfegc 8>>6 eotfafigtfoe fe tjb Kgregtgkg

Jfmj Iourt, ged tjb Iourt fe Abhrugry 8>79 jbcd tjb grhftrgry ijgemb fe eotfafigtfoe gs fccbmgc.

Tjb Iourt dfd eot oaabr gey `udfifgc rblbdy otjbr tjge ordbrfem tjb Cghour Dbpgrtlbet to

fllbdfgtbcy ioevbeb g trfpgrtftb lbbtfem, wftj MGT]R hbfem igccbd to tjb lbbtfem

rbprbsbetfem workbrs‖ fetbrbsts. Tjb 8>74 Lfeflul ]gmb eotfafigtfoe wgs tjb dfrbit rbsuct oa

tjfs trfpgrtftb ebmotfgtfoe.

Arol 76:1 to 8>7> tjb Lfeflul ]gmb eotfafigtfoes iglb out gt fetbrvgcs oa = to 6 ybgrs. Tjb

Lfeflul ]gmb Git lgedgtbs tjgt tjb wgmb hb rbvfsbd gt cbgst oeib bvbry 2 ybgrs. Tjbrbaorb

tjb flpcblbetgtfoe oa tjb Git hy tjb Movbrelbet wgs acgwbd. Gs pbr tjb Git tjbrb sjoucd jgvb

hbbe afvb eotfafigtfoes fe tjb 82 ybgrs gatbr tjb 76:1 eotfafigtfoe, ged hbaorb 8>7>. Festbgd tjbrb

wbrb oecy aour eotfafigtfoes. Oeb eotfafigtfoe, ged tjbrbaorb oeb wgmb rbvfsfoe wgs lfssbd out

hy tjb Kgregtgkg Ytgtb Cghour Dbpgrtlbet. Ft wgs oecy gatbr tjb cbmgc gitfoe hy MGT]R tjgt

tjb Movbrelbet eotfafbd tjb 8>74 Lfeflul ]gmb fe cbss tjge afvb ybgrs gatbr tjb 8>7>

eotfafigtfoe.

Tghcb8 mfvbs dbtgfcs oa tjb lfeflul wgmb fe tjb sbitor aor Hgemgcorb ifty, aor ueskfccbd

workbrs, ovbr tjb pgst two ged g jgca dbigdbs. ]b sbb g vbry fetbrbstfem trbed arol tjb wgmb

dgtg. Durfem tjb dbigdb oa tjb efebtfbs, tjb rbgc wgmb dbicfebd, arol Xs.8:.1> pbr dgy fe 7667-68

to Xs.82.=6 pbr dgy fe tjb ybgr 8>>>->7 (fe tbrls oa purijgsfem powbr aor 7667-68). Tjbrb wgs

tjbrbaorb g 7> pbribet dbicfeb fe rbgc wgmbs aor tjb efebtfbs dbigdb.

Tghcb80 Lfeflul wgmb trbeds

Vbgr I^F Hgsfi DG Totgc wgmb Xbgc wgmb

(761>>) (Xs/loetj) (Xs/loetj) (Xs/loetj)

(7667-68

prfibs)

7667-68 6=1 74.>> 74.1> 8:.1> 8:.1>

7662-61 7279 8:.8> 6.6: 9:.7: 84.19

8>>>->7 8829 8:.8> 97.97 26.27 82.=6

8>>2->1 8=>9 =7.=> 78.62 :4.12 9>.21

8>>6-7> 928: =7.=> 47.2> 779.8> 97.98

8>7>-77 9644 7>1.:> 94.28 747.98 94.6=

8>72-71 18>2 88>.>> 28.72 8=8.72 48.:7

Eotb0 I^F afmurbs grb aor Kgregtgkg stgtb, Kgregtgkg Cghour @ouregc, Lgrij-@ueb 8>72.


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4

Fe ioetrgst, aor tjb dbigdb arol 8>>>->7 to 8>>6-7>, tjb wgmbs rosb fe rbgc tbrls hy 87 pbribet

arol Xs.82.=6 pbr dgy to Xs.97.98 pbr dgy. ]b sbb aurtjbr, tjgt aor tjb sfx ybgr pbrfod 8>>6-7> to

8>72-71, tjb rbgc wgmb feirbgsb wgs 9= pbribet arol Xs.97.98 to Xs.48.:7 pbr dgy. Gs fs bvfdbet,

arol g sftugtfoe oa agccfem wgmbs fe tjb efebtfbs dbigdb, tjb workbrs fe tjb sbitor promrbssfvbcy

feirbgsbd tjbfr hgrmgfefem strbemtj ged mgfebd fe rbgc wgmb tbrls. Tjbrb grb two agitors tjgt

woucd jgvb flpgitbd tjfs ijgemb. Afrst, tjb fedustry bxpgedbd sfeib 8>>>, wftj tjb bedfem oa

tjb quotg rbmflb aor mgrlbets ged opbefem up oa tjb fedustry. Hgemgcorb ged Kgregtgkg wbrb

hfm mgfebrs fe tjfs bxpgesfoe. Tjb workbrs surbcy hbebafttbd arol tjfs bxpgesfoe. Ybioed, tjb

prbssurb arol trgdb uefoes cfkb MGT]R, bspbifgccy tjbfr ghfcfty to hrfem prbssurb oe mcohgc

hrgeds, gcso ioetrfhutbd to tjb upwgrd lovblbet oa wgmbs. Tjb sbitor surbcy jocds up tjb agit

oa ormgefsbd cghour cbgdfem to feirbgsb fe ioccbitfvb hgrmgfefem strbemtj oa workbrs, bvbe wjbe

tjb bxtbet oa uefoe ormgefsgtfoe fe tjb fedustry fs slgcc.

Tjb wgmb dgtg gcso hrfems out tjb flportgeib oa besurfem eotfafigtfoe oa arbsj lfeflul wgmb

gt cbgst oeib bvbry afvb ybgrs gs lgedgtbd uedbr tjb Lfeflul ]gmb Git. Tjb 9= pbribet mgfe

fe rbgc wgmbs durfem tjb sfx ybgr pbrfod 8>>6-71 wgs gcso hbigusb durfem tjb pbrfod tjbrb wbrb

two arbsj lfeflul wgmb eotfafigtfoes. Tjfs wgs tjb oecy pbrfod fe tjb jfstory oa lfeflul

wgmb afxgtfoe aor mgrlbet workbrs fe Kgregtgkg wjbe tjbrb wgs tflbcy wgmb afxgtfoe. Tjfs wgs

dbafeftbcy tjb rbsuct oa tjb baaorts oa MGT]R, ged fe pgrtfiucgr tjb cbmgc strummcb oe tjb eoe-

flpcblbetgtfoe oa tjb 8>>6 Lfeflul ]gmb eotfafigtfoe.


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2

FFF. Yurvby dbtgfcs

Lbtjodocomy

Tjb survby oa work, bgrefems ged bxpbedfturb aor aglfcfbs oa mgrlbet workbrs wgs uedbrtgkbe

fe tjb loetjs Dbiblhbr 8>74 to Lgrij 8>72. G struiturbd qubstfoeegfrb wgs usbd aor tjb

survby. Tjb qubstfoeegfrb wgs prbpgrbd fe dfsiussfoes hbtwbbe uefoe gitfvfsts oa MGT]R ged

proabssfoegc rbsbgrijbrs arol I]L. Tjb sbcbitfoe oa qubstfoes wgs hgsbd oe tjb prforftfbs oa

MGT]R fe tryfem to uedbrstged tjb flpgit oa tjb prbsbet wgmb rbmflb fe tjb sbitor oe tjb

cfvbs oa mgrlbet workbrs, ged to dbtbrlfeb tjb dblgeds to hb lgdb wftj rbspbit to Lfeflul

]gmb fe tjb sbitor. ]jfcb tjb rbsbgrij qubstfoes tjbrbaorb aoiussbd prflgrfcy oe wgmb ged

bxpbesbs, tjby gcso soumjt to bemgmb wftj tjb fssub oa workpcgib prbssurb ged flpgit oe jbgctj

oa workbrs. Tjb proibss gcso took feto giiouet tjb prbvfous wgmb survbys uedbrtgkbe hy I]L

ged MGT]R durfem 8>78 ged 8>79. Tjb qubstfoeegfrb wgs pfcot tbstbd hy MGT]R gitfvfsts

wftj mgrlbet workbrs aor bgsb oa uedbrstgedfem, ged stgedgrdfsbd rbiordfem oa rbspoesbs.

Tjb survby dbifdbd to aoius oe wolbe mgrlbet workbrs, stgyfem wftj aglfcfbs. Tjfs wgs gs tjb

prflgry oh`bitfvb wgs to bemgmb wftj tjb fssub oa gdbqugiy oa tjb wgmb to support ebbds oa g

mgrlbet workbr aglfcy. Ft wgs dbifdbd to aoius oe wolbe workbrs, gs afrst, wolbe wbrb sbbe

gs tjb rbspoesfhcb gmbets to ioetroc bxpbedfturb aor ebbds oa rbproduitfoe wftjfe tjb aglfcy,

ged sbioed, tjb lg`orfty oa mgrlbet workbrs wbrb wolbe.

Tjb qubstfoeegfrb wgs gdlfefstbrbd to 781 wolbe mgrlbet workbrs cfvfem wftj tjbfr aglfcfbs,

drgwe arol 71 agitorfbs. Oa tjb sglpcb, 771 workbrs wbrb arol mgrlbet agitorfbs coigtbd wftjfe

tjb Hgemgcorb ifty cflfts, wjfcb tbe workbrs wbrb arol g agitory coigtbd groued :> kl gwgy

arol tjb ifty. Tjb tbe workbrs outsfdb tjb ifty wbrb feicudbd fe tjb sglpcb to uedbrstged

dfaabrbeibs fe cfvfem ged bxpbedfturb pgttbre aor workbrs wftjfe tjb ifty ged outsfdb.

Yglpcb dbsirfptfoe

Tjb gvbrgmb gmb oa workbrs fe tjb sglpcb wgs 99 ybgrs. Tjb gmb dfstrfhutfoe wftjfe tjb sglpcb

woucd hb jfmjbr tjge fe tjb popucgtfoe, gs tjb study aoiusbs oecy oe wolbe wftj aglfcfbs ged

ijfcdrbe. Ft woucd cbgvb out lgey sfemcb wolbe uedbr tjb gmb oa 8> ybgrs blpcoybd fe tjb

sbitor. Tjb sglpcb dfstrfhutfoe fs mfvbe fe Tghcb9.


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=

Tghcb2 mfvbs dbtgfcs oa work bxpbrfbeib wftjfe tjb sbitor, ged eulhbr oa ybgrs tjb workbr wgs

fe tjb prbsbet blpcoylbet.

Tghcb20 ]ork bxpbrfbeib

Vbgrs oa sbrvfib

Totgc

sbrvfib

^rbsbet

agitory

8 ybgrs or cbss 72 16

8 to 4 ybgrs 84 91

Mrbgtbr tjge 4 ybgrs := 87

Tjb gvbrgmb eulhbr oa ybgrs oa bxpbrfbeib oa workbrs fe tjb sglpcb wgs 1.1 ybgrs. := out oa tjb

781 workbrs, or ebgrcy =>% oa tjb sglpcb jgd workbd fe tjb sbitor aor aour ybgrs or lorb.Ybvbetbbe workbrs jgd workbd fe tjb sbitor aor 7> ybgrs or lorb. Tjb coembst work bxpbrfbeib

wgs 8> ybgrs. Aor lost workbrs fe tjb sbitor, tjfs wgs eot g tblporgry aorl oa blpcoylbet.

Fetbrbstfemcy, tjb gvbrgmb eulhbr oa ybgrs tjgt tjb workbr wgs blpcoybd fe tjb iurrbet

blpcoylbet wgs oecy 8.1 ybgrs, or cbss tjge jgca tjb gvbrgmb totgc work bxpbrfbeib fe tjb sbitor.

Tjfs mfvbs ge fedfigtfoe oa tjb jfmj tureovbr fe tjb sbitor. Tghcb4 sjows 16 workbrs fe tjb

sglpcb wbrb fe tjbfr iurrbet blpcoylbet aor cbss tjge 8 ybgrs. Oa tjbl, oecy 72 workbrs jgd

cbss tjge 8 ybgrs fedustry bxpbrfbeib. Tjfs lbget tjgt gt cbgst (16-72) 24 workbrs jgd ijgembd

blpcoylbet gt cbgst oeib fe tjb cgst 8 ybgrs. Tjgt fs jgca gloem tjosb wftj lorb tjge two ybgrs

oa work bxpbrfbeib fe tjb sglpcb ijgembd `ohs gt cbgst oeib fe tjb prbvfous two ybgrs. Tjfsiorrohorgtbs rbports oa tjb vbry jfmj cghour tureovbr fe tjb fedustry. ]b sjgcc iolb hgik to tjfs

fssub cgtbr fe tjb rbport.

Aglfcy feiolb

Tjb gvbrgmb loetjcy feiolb, feicudfem loetjcy feibetfvbs aor g mgrlbet workbr wgs Xs.=>11.

Tjfs wgs lorb tjge jgca tjb gvbrgmb aglfcy wgmb oa Xs.79:71.

Tjb sfmefafigeib oa tjb mgrlbet workbr‖s wgmb to tjb survfvgc oa tjb aglfcy fs bvfdbet arol tjb

aoccowfem. Afrst, fe 1>% oa tjb sglpcb (=1 workbrs) , tjb wolge‖s wgmb wgs gt cbgst jgca tjbaglfcy wgmb. Tjbrb ioucd hb solb dbmrbb oa uedbrrbportfem oa tjb wgmb oa tjb spousb. Arol

tjb dbsirfptfoe oa tjb oiiupgtfoe oa tjb spousb, oecy 76 (72%) ioucd hb igtbmorfsbd gs hbfem fe

aorlgc blpcoylbet. Ebgrcy :2% oa tjb jushgeds wbrb blpcoybd fe vgrfous aorls oa feaorlgc,

skfccbd or ueskfccbd blpcoylbet. Typfigc blpcoylbet igtbmorfbs feicudbd –ioocfb“ (ueskfccbd


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:

lgeugc work), ioestruitfoe work, guto rfiksjgw drfvbr, ged gmrfiucturgc work. Tjb wgmb

ioetrfhutfoe to tjb aglfcy woucd fe tjb sftugtfoe hb uestghcb, bvbe fa tjb qugetul oa gvbrgmb

wgmb wgs uedbrrbportbd. Tjb jushged‖s wgmb woucd gcso tjbrbaorb iolb wftj cfttcb soifgc

sbiurfty. Ybioed, tbe wolbe sgfd tjgt tjby wbrb tjb socb wgmb bgrebrs aor tjb aglfcy. Aor tjbsb

wolbe tjbrb wgs totgc lfslgtij hbtwbbe tjbfr bgrefems ged aglfcy bxpbedfturb. Tjb aglfcy

feiolb aor tjrbb oa tjbl wgs gumlbetbd hy bgrefems arol lgcb ijfcdrbe. Jowbvbr, ijfcdrbe

woucd lgrry ged jgvb ebbds to sustgfe tjbfr owe aglfcy bxpbesbs. Tjb wolbe woucd

tjbrbaorb jgvb to suppcblbet tjbfr bgrefems wftj bxtrg bgrefems arol work outsfdb tjb agitory.

Fe tjb sglpcb oecy efeb wolbe rbportbd tgkfem outsfdb work, sfx gs acowbr vbedors ged tjrbb

gs tgfcors.

Feifdbetgccy tjbrb wbrb oecy tjrbb festgeibs oa wolbe rbabrrfem to feiolb arol sourib otjbr

tjgt tjb spousb ioetrfhutfem to tjb aglfcy feiolb, ged gcc tjrbb wbrb igsbs wjbrb tjbrb wgs eo

ioetrfhutfoe arol tjb spousb. Tjfs woucd fedfigtb tjgt bvbe wjbe otjbr aglfcy lblhbrs wbrb

wgmb bgrebrs, tjby wbrb eot sbbe gs ioetrfhutfem to tjb aglfcy feiolb gs coem gs hotj tjb

wolge ged jbr spousb wbrb wgmb bgrebrs. Tjb eorl icbgrcy cflfts to two wgmb bgrebrs pbr

aglfcy.

]jgt fs flportget to tjb dfsiussfoe fs tjgt tjb survby icbgrcy rbautbs tjb icgfl oatbe lgdb hy

fedustry tjgt wgmbs fe sbitors blpcoyfem cgrmbcy wolbe ioucd hb kbpt cow, gs wolbe‖s feiolb

ioucd hb sbbe gs sbioedgry ged suppcblbetgry to tjb lgfe feiolb oa tjb lge oa tjb jousb. Aor

tjb typfigc mgrlbet workbr aglfcy tjb feiolb fs bssbetfgc to sustgfe tjb jousbjocd, ged

rbprbsbets tjb stghcb aglfcy feiolb fe lost igsbs.

Aglfcy bxpbedfturb

Tghcb1 mfvbs dbtgfcs oa gvbrgmb aglfcy bxpbedfturb aor g aglfcy oa mgrlbet workbrs fe tjb

sglpcb; ged sbpgrgtbcy tjb gvbrgmb aor tjb 771 Hgemgcorb workbrs ged tjb tbe workbrs arol

outsfdb Hgemgcorb.

Tjb aoccowfem gspbits oa loetjcy bxpbedfturb ebbd dfsiussfoe.

Afrst, tjb glouet spbet oe provfsfoes wgs vbry cow. Tjfs workbd out to gvbrgmb Xs.:94 pbr

loetj pbr pbrsoe mfvbe tjb gvbrgmb aglfcy sfzb oa 4.2. Tjgt fs g aood hgskbt ioesulptfoe oa


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6

Xs.8=.:6 pbr dgy mfvbe 9> dgys fe g loetj. Tjfs fs bxtrblbcy cow aor urhge grbgs. ]b dfsiuss

tjfs aurtjbr fe tjb aoccowfem sbitfoe oe wgmb gdbqugiy.

Tghcb10 Aglfcy bxpbedfturb

Yglpcb Hgemgcorb Outsfdb

(glouet fe

Xupbbs) Hgemgcorb

Loetjcy bxpbesbs

- ^rovfsfoes 9=24.24 9=14.67 97>:.>>

- Xbet 842:.:> 82:>.1> :>>.>>

- Bcbitrfifty/wgtbr 424.>6 4=9.11 88=.>>

- Trgesport (owe) 64.84 1:.>8 9:6.>>- Trgesport (otjbr) 2>>.>> 2>>.>> 2>>.>>

- Betbrtgfelbet >.>> >.>> >.>>

- Lohfcb pjoeb 4=7.=2 4=>.28 4:1.>>

- Ighcb 877.:= 87:.72 796.>>

Yuh-totgc =642.8: :>=2.:1 2146.>>

Geeugc bxpbesbs

- Bduigtfoe =871.79 1:>2.1> 7>292.>>

- Jbgctj 9=91.27 9>=2.:1 774>>.>>

- Icotjbs 4212.:= 41=6.97 982>.>>

- Abstfvgc 9===.=: 92==.26 17>>.>>

- Iookfem aubc 97=2.>4 98>:.6= 8414.>>

- Otjbrs 7:99.99 79:9.18 812>.>>

Yuh-totgc 849>4.11 88=9>.62 91966.>>

Geeugc bxpbesbs/loetj 8>82.96 7:64.82 9>99.82

Totgc loetj bxpbesbs 66=>.>1 66=>.77 :1:8.82

Tjb survby summbsts g dfstfeit dfaabrbeib fe bxpbedfturb pgttbre hbtwbbe mgrlbet workbrs

workfem fe Hgemgcorb, ged tjosb workfem fe agitorfbs outsfdb Hgemgcorb. Xbet oe

giiollodgtfoe wgs sfmefafigetcy cowbr aor workbrs outsfdb Hgemgcorb. Gcc afvb oa tjb 7>

workbrs fe tjb sglpcb wjo dfd eot pgy jousb rbet wbrb arol gloem tjb tbe workfem outsfdb

Hgemgcorb. Ybioed, tjb workbrs blpcoybd outsfdb Hgemgcorb oe ge gvbrgmb spbet 8>% cbss tjge

tjb Hgemgcorb workbrs oe provfsfoes. Tjfs wgs rbportbd gs dub to workbrs hbfem ghcb to mbt

provfsfoes arol slgcc rurgc aglfcy cged jocdfems. Fe baabit tjb aglfcy fejbrftgeib ged fts


10/21



7>

sustgfebd rurgc tfbs sbrvbd to suhsfdfsb tjb iost oa rbproduitfoe oa cghour. Lgey workbrs cfvfem

outsfdb Hgemgcorb ged iollutfem to work fe tjb ifty gcso bxpcgfebd jow iosts wbrb suhsfdfsbd

stgyfem outsfdb tjb ifty. Tjfs wgs tjb rbgsoe aor tjbfr stgyfem outsfdb tjb ifty bvbe fa tjgt lbget

ioesfdbrghcb tflb ged baaort oe coem iollutb.

]b sbb fe Tghcb= tjb iolpgrfsoe hbtwbbe lg`or jbgds oa bxpbedfturb aor tjb ybgrs 8>78, 8>79

ged 87>2, arol tjb prbsbet ged bgrcfbr survbys doeb hbbe hy I]L ged MGT]R.

Tghcb=0 Iolpgrfsoe 8>78-8>72

Bxpbesb jbgd Vbgr

8>78 8>79 8>72

(Xupbbs)

^rovfsfoes (loetj) 9:22.48 9:2=.=: 9=24.24

(% totgc) 47% 91% 9:%

Bduigtfoe (loetj) 491.82 162.47 1>7.94

(% totgc) 2% 1% 1%

Jbgctj (loetj) 4=1.47 48=.2= 977.9:

(% totgc) 2% 4% 9%

Ft fs oa fetbrbst tjgt aglfcy bxpbedfturb oe provfsfoes (ibrbgcs, mrbbes, lbgt ged afsj, lfck)

rblgfebd ebgrcy ioestget ovbr tjb aour ybgr pbrfod. Tjfs lbget tjgt fe rbgc tbrls, tjb workbr fe8>72 spbet oe tjb gvbrgmb groued 8>% cbss pbr loetj oe iollodftfbs tjge fe 8>78-79. Tjb

sjgrb oa spbedfem oe iollodftfbs oa totgc bxpbedfturb gcso dbicfebd arol 47% fe 8>78 to 91-

9:% aor tjb suhsbqubet ybgrs. Oeb bxpcgegtfoe ioucd hb tjgt tjb sglpcb fe 8>78 wgs drgwe

cgrmbcy arol tjb Lysorb Xogd grbg arol ocdbr mgrlbet work coigtfoes, ged workbrs fe tjb

sglpcb woucd tjbrbaorb jgvb cbss rurgc support to suhsfdfsb tjbfr bxpbesbs. Tjfs woucd stfcc eot

bxpcgfe auccy tjb suhstgetfgc dbicfeb fe rbgc tbrls oe bxpbedfturb oe hgsfi provfsfoes. Tjfs fs g

lgttbr oa rbgc ioeibre.

Tjb sbioed fssub oa fetbrbst fs trgesport. Mgrlbet workbrs fe Hgemgcorb spbet oe gvbrgmb Xs.1:pbr loetj oe trgesport, gs iolpgrbd to Xs.9:6 pbr loetj aor workbrs outsfdb Hgemgcorb. ]b

sjoucd tgkb feto giiouet jbrb tjgt tjb sglpcb oa workbrs outsfdb Hgemgcorb fs drgwe arol g

sfemcb agitory, ged gs suij igeeot hb auccy rbprbsbetgtfvb oa tjb sftugtfoe aor outsfdb Hgemgcorb

agitorfbs. Jowbvbr, tjfs dobs jfmjcfmjt tjb rbgcfty oa poor puhcfi trgesport agifcftfbs outsfdb tjb


11/21


12/21



78

eot jgvb tjb tflb aor gey betbrtgfelbet. Tjb dgfcy routfeb dfd eot cbgvb tjbl wftj gey tflb aor

otjbr gitfvftfbs tjge tjb agitory ged jolb. Ybvbety workbrs (21%) fe tjb sglpcb wokb up hbaorb

1 fe tjb lorefem. Afaty sbvbe workbrs (42%) wbet to scbbp gatbr 77 gt efmjt. Tjb wbbkbed wgs

spbet bftjbr fe ovbrtflb work, or fe mbttfem pbedfem jousb work iolpcbtbd, or fe ùst

rbiupbrgtfem arol tjb work wbbk. Tjb wolbe gcso bxpcgfebd jow tjb loetjcy bxpbedfturb dfd

eot cbgvb tjb aglfcy wftj gey surpcus to spbed oe betbrtgfelbet. Yolb wolbe sgfd tjgt tjby

sgvbd tjroumj tjb ybgr to lgkb g trfp to solb ebgrhy jocy pcgib wftj tjbfr ijfcdrbe, trgvbccfem

fe g mroup wftj otjbr mgrlbet workbrs. Tjfs wgs tjbfr socb betbrtgfelbet aor tjb ybgr. Bvbe tjfs

wgs eot g rbmucgr abgturb, ged oatbe tjb loeby sgvbd up ioucd mbt usbd up aor solb

blbrmbeiy. Yolb wolbe sgfd jowbvbr tjgt tjbfr jushgeds lfmjt spbed solb pgrt oa tjbfr

wgmbs oe gciojoc ged otjbr aorls oa –betbrtgfelbet“. Tjby sgfd tjgt tjby i oucd eot mfvb ge

bstflgtb oa tjfs bxpbedfturb. ]b sjoucd gdd jbrb tjgt tjb rbsbgrijbrs wbrb gwgrb tjgt wolbe

rbspoedfem to tjb qubstfoe oe –betbrtgfelbet“ fe ge bxpbedfturb survby lfmjt sbbk to

uedbrpcgy betbrtgfelbet bxpbedfturb to ioeaorl to wjgt tjby lfmjt abbc fs g dbsfrbd oh`bitfvb

oa tjb survby to portrgy povbrty gloem rbspoedbets. Tjbrbaorb tjbrb wgs g dbcfhbrgtb gttblpt

to bxpcgfe tjb qubstfoe fe dbtgfc to rbspoedbets, ged tjb fssub wgs aurtjbr dfsiussbd wftj

mroups oa mgrlbet workbrs.

Bduigtfoe ged jbgctj igrb wbrb lgòr jbgds oa bxpbedfturb fe tjb sglpcb, hotj fe Hgemgcorb

ged aor tjosb cfvfem outsfdb tjb ifty. Ft wgs wortj eotfem tjgt bxpbedfturb uedbr tjb two jbgds

oa bxpbedfturb wgs suhstgetfgccy jfmjbr aor tjb tbe aglfcfbs oa mgrlbet workbrs workfem

outsfdb Hgemgcorb. ]jfcb mgrlbet workbrs fe tjb ifty ioucd stfcc sbed tjbfr ijfcdrbe to

rbgsoeghcy mood movbrelbet sijoocs, tjb workbrs outsfdb Hgemgcorb sgfd tjgt tjb oecy sijoocs

gvgfcghcb to tjbl wbrb prfvgtb sijoocs. Lost workbrs soumjt to bduigtb tjbfr ijfcdrbe fe tjb

–Bemcfsj lbdful“.

Tjb workbrs outsfdb Hgemgcorb gcso sgfd tjgt tjb ghsbeib oa ge BYF dfspbesgry fe tjb towe lgdb

giibss to mood arbb jbgctj igrb vbry dfaafiuct. Bvbe tjoumj tjb workbrs wbrb iovbrbd hy BYF, tjb

ebgrbst dfspbesgry wgs 8> kl gwgy fe Lgedyg towe. Gpgrt arol tjb tflb, tjb hus agrb aor oeb

pbrsoe to Lgedyg wgs Xs.88. Tjfs lbget tjgt aor g pgtfbet to mo wftj g jbcpbr to Lgdyg ged

rbture, tjb hus agrb ftsbca wgs Xs.::, gpgrt arol tjb tflb to hb spbet. Aor gey lgòr gfclbet, tjb

workbr jgd to spbed suhstgetfgccy lorb fe mbttfem tjb pgtfbet trbgtbd fe Hgemgcorb. Tjbrb wbrb

lgey suij sftugtfoes tjgt rbqufrbd vfsfts to Hgemgcorb. Tjb trgesport iost hbiglb g lgòr


13/21



79

iolpoebet oa bxpbedfturb aor gey suij vfsft. Jbrb gmgfe tjb cgik oa rbcfghcb, cow iost puhcfi

trgesport hbiglb g lg`or fssub wftj tjb workbrs outsfdb Hgemgcorb.

Fssubs oa wgmb gdbqugiy

Tjb survby dgtg sjowbd pbr igpftg ioesulptfoe oe tjb aood hgskbt aor tjb sglpcb gs Xs.:94

pbr loetj pbr pbrsoe mfvbe tjb gvbrgmb aglfcy sfzb oa 4.2, or Xs.8=.:6 pbr dgy pbr pbrsoe. Tjfs

fs bxtrblbcy cow. Tjb rbport oa tjb Xgemgrg`ge Iollfttbb oa tjb ^cgeefem Iollfssfoe fe 8>79

bstflgtbd tjb povbrty cfeb gs Xs.4= pbr dgy aor urhge grbgs aor tjb ybgr 8>77-78. Tjb Iollfttbb

aurtjbr bstflgtbd pbr igpftg ioesulptfoe oe aood fe urhge grbgs gs Xs.121 pbr loetj. 7 Fa wb

wbrb to bxtrgpocgtb tjb povbrty cfeb aood ioesulptfoe aor 8>72 ioesulbr prfib fedbx (I^F), tjb

I^F aor gcc fedustrfgc workbrs feirbgsbd arol 8>7 fe Lgrij 8>78 to 824 fe Lgrij 8>72. 8 Lgkfem

gd`ustlbet aor tjb I^F vgrfgtfoe, tjb pbr igpftg povbrty cfeb aood ioesulptfoe gt Lgrij 8>72

prfibs works out to Xs.:86. Tjus tjb aood hgskbt aor tjb gvbrgmb mgrlbet workbr aglfcy gs

hroumjt out arol tjb survby wgs hgrbcy gt tjb povbrty cfeb aor urhge grbg. Tjfs fs surbcy g

lgttbr aor ioeibre.

Fe ordbr to uedbrstged tjb flpgit oa wgmb oe bxpbedfturb pgttbre, pgrtfiucgrcy oe bxpbedfturb

oe aood, tjb bxpbedfturb pgttbre aor tjosb aglfcfbs wjbrb wolbe rbportbd tjgt tjbfr spousbs

ioetrfhutbd lorb tjge jgca tjb aglfcy wgmb wgs gegcysbd. Tjb aoccowfem agitors wbrb oa

fetbrbst.

Tjb gvbrgmb aglfcy feiolb wgs Xs.74=>> aor aglfcfbs wjbrb tjb rbportbd wgmb oa tjb spousb

wgs jfmjbr tjge tjgt aor tjb wolge mgrlbet workbr. Tjfs wgs 1% jfmjbr tjge tjb gvbrgmb

aglfcy wgmb oa Xs.79:71 aor tjb sglpcb. Aor tjbsb aglfcfbs, tjb bxpbedfturb oe iollodftfbs

wgs Xs.9:9> pbr loetj, or 8% lorb tjge aor tjb sglpcb gs g wjocb. ]b sbb tjgt bxpbedfturb oe

hgsfi iollodftfbs dobs feirbgsb wftj wgmb feirbgsb, bvbe fa aor tjfs sglpcb tjb feirbgsb fe

bxpbedfturb dfd eot auccy lgtij tjb wgmb feirbgsb. Tjfs fedfigtbs jowbvbr tjgt aglfcfbs lfmjt

iurtgfc bxpbedfturb oe hgsfi iollodftfbs hbigusb oa cow wgmb, ged ioesulptfoe oa

iollodftfbs fs sbesftfvb to wgmb feirbgsb gt tjfs wgmb cbvbc.

7 pcgeefemiollfssfoe.efi.fe/rbports/mberbp/pov_rbp>=>=.pda

8 cghourhurbgu.efi.fe/fedtgh.jtlc


14/21



74

]b sbb jowbvbr tjgt bxpbedfturb oe bduigtfoe feirbgsbd arol Xs.=871 to Xs.6644 pbr geeul

(feirbgsb oa 9:%) ged oe jbgctj igrb arol Xs.9=9: to Xs.4869 pbr geeul (feirbgsb oa 72%). Tjbrb

gppbgrbd to hb g sfmefafiget sbesftfvfty oa bxpbedfturb uedbr tjb jbgds oa bduigtfoe ged jbgctj

igrb wftj wgmb feirbgsb. ]b sjoucd gdd jbrb tjgt tjb wfccfemebss oa aglfcfbs to spbed lorb

uedbr tjb bxpbedfturb jbgds lfmjt eot hb cfekbd oecy wftj wgmb feirbgsb, hut gcso tjb agit oa

tjb wolge eot abbcfem hurdbebd tjgt sjb jgd to hb tjb lgfe wgmb bgrebr fe tjb aglfcy.

Tjb survby dgtg icbgrcy hroumjt out jow bxpbedfturb oe hgsfi ebibssftfbs oa cfab aor mgrlbet

workbrs wgs cow. G strfkfem fedfigtor oa tjfs wgs tjgt eot bvbe oeb workbr fe tjb sglpcb

rbportbdcy spbedfem gey loeby oe –betbrtgfelbet“ tjroumj tjb ybgr. Tjfs jgs hbbe dfsiussbd

fe dbtgfc fe tjb bgrcfbr sbitfoe. Tjb agit tjgt :2% oa tjb lbe wbrb blpcoybd fe feaorlgc work

rbcgtfoes woucd gcso jgvb gddbd to tjb festghfcfty oa feiolb, ged jbeib tjb feghfcfty to spbed

gdbqugtbcy, bxibpt oe ftbls ioesfdbrbd gs bssbetfgc ebibssftfbs. Aurtjbr, gloem 1>% oa tjb

sglpcb, tjb wolbe sgfd tjgt tjbfr ioetrfhutfoe to tjb aglfcy feiolb wgs lorb tjge jgca. Tjfs

woucd jgvb put bvbe lorb prbssurb oe tjb wolbe to kbbp g tfmjt ioetroc ovbr bxpbedfturb.

]ork fetbesfty

Tjb work-dgy aor g mgrlbet workbr, arol tjb tflb oa cbgvfem jolb to tjb tflb oa mbttfem hgik

jolb, fs g pbrfod oa ioesfdbrghcb pjysfigc ged lbetgc strgfe. Lost workbrs wgck to work,

hrgvfem dust, trgaafi, irowds ged jgrgsslbet oe rogds, ged tjb gexfbty oa mbttfem to work oe

tflb ged mbttfem hgik jolb hy g rbgsoeghcb jour. Tjb totgc work-dgy lbgsurbd arol tjb tflb

oa cbgvfem jolb to tjb tflb oa mbttfem hgik, oe ge gvbrgmb aor g dgy wjbe tjb workbr dfd eot do

ovbrtflb work wgs ovbr 7> jours. Gclost gcc tjb workbrs spbet lorb tjge 6 7/8 jours bgij dgy,

sfx dgys g wbbk, outsfdb tjbfr jolbs.

Tghcb: mfvbs dbtgfcs oa produitfoe tflb aor dfaabrbet stycbs oa mgrlbets. Oe tjb gvbrgmb, tjbrb

woucd eot hb lorb tjge 9 workbrs dofem oeb sfemcb opbrgtfoe fe tjb produitfoe cfeb. Tjgt

lbges tjgt aor g dgfcy produitfoe oa =>> pfbibs (@I ^beey T sjfrt) bgij workbr woucd jgvb to

iolpcbtb jbr sbt oa 892 opbrgtfoes (=>> dfvfdbd hy 9 workbrs) wftjfe jbr :-jour sjfat. Tjgt

lbges tjgt oe tjb gvbrgmb tjb workbr woucd jgvb to iolpcbtb oeb sbt oa opbrgtfoes bvbry two

lfeutbs. Tjb workbrs bxpcgfebd jow tjb eulhbr oa workbrs pbr hgtij wgs promrbssfvbcy

rbduibd bgij ybgr, cbgdfem to bgij workbr jgvfem to iolpcbtb feirbgsfem eulhbr oa opbrgtfoes

gt jbr stgtfoe. Tjfs lbget tjb workbr jgd to dbgc hotj wftj rbpbtftfvb sbt oa gitfoes, ged fetbesb


15/21



72

cbvbc oa ioeibetrgtfoe to besurb tjb sbqubeib oa opbrgtfoes dfd eot vgry; ged gcc tjfs wftjout

luij hrbgk ovbr ge :-jour pbrfod.

Tjb work cogd gcso lbget tjgt workbrs wbrb eot ghcb to tgkb bvbe tjb gccowbd hrbgks aor cueij

ged tbg. Ybvbety sfx workbrs (1>%) rbportbd jgvfem to rbmucgrcy iut sjort tjbfr jgca jour cueij.

788 workbrs (6=%) sgfd tjgt tjby oatbe jgd to aorbmo tjb tbg hrbgk. Lgey workbrs sgfd tjgt tjb

rbcbetcbss work prbssurb, ged tjb ioestget dblged arol supbrvfsors aor lorb produitfoe lgdb

tjb sjop acoor bxpbrfbeib bxtrblbcy strbssauc bvbry dgy.

Cghour sjgrb

Tjb wgmb oa tjb workbr jgs fe tjb aorbmofem dfsiussfoes hbbe sjowe gs hbfem oecy gdbqugtb to

gccow tjb workbr‖s aglfcy, wftj hotj tjb workbr ged jbr spousb‖s wgmbs hbfem tgkbe feto

giiouet, to ioesulb dgfcy aood rbqufrblbet gt hgrbcy tjb povbrty cfeb cbvbc gs bstflgtbd hy tjb

Fedfge movbrelbet. ]gmbs fe tjb sbitor jgvb mcohgccy hbbe jbcd up gs vbry cow, wftj tjb sbitor

hbiolfem syeoeylous aor swbgtbd, cow wgmb fedustry blpcoyfem prflgrfcy wolbe workbrs.

Tjb fedustry fe fts `ustfafigtfoe icgfls tjgt tjb prfifem gcoem tjb suppcy ijgfe ged lgrkbt

ioedftfoes lgkb ft flpossfhcb aor jfmjbr wgmbs ged hbttbr workfem ioedftfoes to hb gaaordbd.

Tghcb : mfvbs dbtgfcs oa produitfoe ged eulhbr oa workbrs fe g hgtij aor dfaabrbet produitfoe

cfebs fe g abw mgrlbet lgeuagiturfem agitorfbs groued Hgemgcorb. Tjb afmurbs grb tgkbe arol

dbtgfcbd dfsiussfoe wftj mroups oa workbrs arol bgij oa tjb produitfoe cfebs. Tjb workbrs aor g

produitfoe cfeb jgvb hbbe bstflgtbd gs 2>% lorb tjge tjb eulhbr oa lgijfebs, to tgkb feto

giiouet jbcpbrs, iuttbrs, ged workbrs fe afefsjfem dbpgrtlbet. Tjb tflb pbr pfbib jgs hbbe

bstflgtbd gssulfem ge :-jour work dgy. Tjb dfrbit cghour iost jgs hbbe jbeib bstflgtbd usfem

tjb gvbrgmb wgmb oa tjb workbr gs Xs.9>> pbr dgy. Tjb LX^ jgs hbbe tgkbe arol tjb lgrkbd

prfib oe tjb cghbcs aor bgij produit.

]b sbb arol tjfs workfem, tjb dfrbit cghour iost pbr T-sjfrt (lbe/wolbe) woucd tjbrbaorb

work out to groued Xs.8>, or 9> ibets. Tjfs glouet woucd hb oecy groued 7% oa tjb afegc

prfib oa tjb mgrlbet. Tjfs lgy eot tgkb feto giiouet gcc dfrbit cghour tjgt mobs feto

lgeuagiturfem g pgfr oa `bges. Jowbvbr, tjfs stfcc sjows jow slgcc tjb sjgrb oa dfrbit cghour

iost to tjb afegc mgrlbet prfib fs. Tjbrb fs suhstgetfgc surpcus wftjfe tjb mcohgc suppcy ijgfe aor

mgrlbets to giiollodgtb cgrmb feirbgsb fe wgmb oa workbrs wftjout jgvfem luij flpgit oe

tjb afegc mgrlbet prfib. Cow wgmbs fe tjb sbitor grb tjbrbaorb g lgttbr oa husfebss prgitfib, eot


16/21



71

Tghcb:0 ^roduitfoe tflb bxglpcbs

Hrged Ytycb

Eo. oa

lgijfeb

]orkbrs

fe cfeb

Dgfcy

produitfoe Tflb/pfbib

Dfrbitcghour

pbr pfbib LX^

Dfrbit

cghour

(7.2 *

l/i) (pfbibs)

(workbr-

lts) (Xs.)

(cghbc

prfib)

to

LX^

FPOD T-sjfrt (lbe) 9> 42 1>> 91 88.2> $47.>> >.6%

LBTGCGE Top (cgdfbs) 98 4: 1>> 9: 84.>> Bu1.>> 2.=%

]gclgrt T-sjfrt (ijfcd) 84 91 71>> 77 1.=2 $4.44 8.2%

KOCCY T-sjfrt (lbe) 9> 42 :>> 8= 71.:: $98.>> >.6%

IK @bges

Top (lbe/

wolbe) 81 96 =>> 8= 71.=7 $86.2> >.6%

I&G Top (cgdfbs) 91 24 1>> 49 8=.>> $46.6> >.6%

@I ̂ beey

T-sjfrt

(lbe/wolbe) 98 4: =>> 99 8>.2= $9>.>> 7.7%

KG^OXGC Yjorts (igrmo) 6> 792 92> 7:2 772.=7 Bu46.>> 9.4%

Hgegeg

Xbpuhcfi Cfebd `gikbt 78> 7:> 92> 84= 724.86 $786.>> 2.8%

J&L Lfdf skfrt 11 66 7>>> 4: 86.=> $84.66 7.>%

J&L Cgdfbs top 21 :4 =>> 2: 91.>> $86.66 8.>%

J&L Cgdfbs top 21 :4 =>> 2: 91.>> XLH866 7.8%

Ocd Egvy Dbefl sjfrt 14 61 :>> 2: 91.>> V846> 8.6%

Eotb0

7. Ioevbrsfoe rgtbs tgkbe aor 7 RY$ gt Xs.1>; aor 7 Buro gt Xs.=> aor 7 @gpgebsb ybe (V) gt Xs.>.2> ged aor 7Ijfebsb XLH gt Xs.7>.

8. Cghour iost igciucgtbd hgsbd oe wgmb oa Xs.9>> pbr dgy.


17/21



7=

socbcy dfitgtbd hy flpbrgtfvbs oa proaft lgrmfe. ]b woucd festbgd grmub tjgt tjb wgmbs grb kbpt

cow to besurb g vucebrghcb ged jbeib pcfget workaorib, wjo wfcc gccow lgegmblbet prgitfibs

tjgt mfvb tjbl totgc gmbeiy ovbr produitfoe sijbducbs ged produitfvfty.

Tjb cgst two rows fe Tghcb: grb oa fetbrbst. ]b sbb produitfoe arol agitorfbs fe Fedfg hbfem

souribd aor @gpgebsb ged Ijfebsb lgrkbts. Fe pgrtfiucgr ft fs fetbrbstfem tjgt J&L tops grb

hbfem socd fe tjb Ijfebsb lgrkbt gt g prfib jfmjbr tjge fe tjb RY lgrkbt (fe tbrls oa iurrbet

bxijgemb rgtbs). Ijfebsb wgmbs jgvb hbbe mofem up wftj tjb iouetry hbiolfem tjb cgrmbst

mcohgc hgsb aor lgeuagiturbd moods. Tjbrb ioucd hb g mrowfem lgrkbt fe Ijfeg aor up-lgrkbt

mgrlbets wftj mbebrgc wgmb feirbgsb. Aurtjbr, wgmb feirbgsb ioucd mrgdugccy pusj out cow

wgmb mgrlbet sbitor arol tjb iouetry, ged ft ioucd hbiolb g ebt flportbr aor mgrlbets. Fe tjgt

igsb, tjb soutj Gsfge mgrlbet fedustry ioucd sfmefafigetcy feirbgsb fts owe hgrmgfefem igpgifty.

Flpgit oe jbgctj

Gcc bxibpt two workbrs sgfd tjgt tjby wbrb eot wbcc oeb tflb or geotjbr durfem tjb prbvfous

ybgr. Tjb gvbrgmb eulhbr oa tflbs g workbr rbportbd uewbcc fe tjb ybgr 2. Tjb lost iolloe

rbgsoe aor tjb workbr rbportfem uewbcc wgs hgik gijb, aoccowbd hy cbm gijb. Tjb cfst oa tjb lost

iolloecy rbportbd gfclbets fs mfvbe fe Tghcb6.

Tghcb60 Typb oa gfclbet

Hgik gijb 66 =:.1%

Cbm gijb :2 1=.2%

Myegbiocomfigc fssubs 81 8>.1%

Byb prohcbl 76 72.7%

Gccbrmy 78 6.2%

Abvbr : 1.9%

Gstjlg 1 4.:%

Otjbrs 26 41.:%

Tjb work strbss wgs sbbe gs tjb fllbdfgtb igusb aor ijroefi gfclbets, bvbe hy workbrs wjojgd rbibetcy `ofebd tjb fedustry. Oecy sfx workbrs fe tjb sglpcb sgfd tjgt tjby dfd eot suaabr

arol gey ijroefi, work rbcgtbd gfclbet.


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Tjb lost ijroefi gfclbets grb cfstbd fe Tghcb7>. Ft fs sfmefafiget tjgt g tbetj oa tjb workbrs sgfd

tjgt tjby ioestgetcy suaabrbd arol abvbr ged tfrbdebss. Tjb ioestget agtfmub ged abvbr woucd

gcso cowbr workbr flluefty ged lgkb tjbl susibptfhcb to lorb sbrfous aorls oa ijroefi

iolpcgfets, feicudfem tuhbriucosfs. Tjb icosbd work bevfroelbet, irowdfem oa workbrs ged

poor eutrftfoe woucd gcc ioetrfhutb to lgkfem TH g possfhcb work rbcgtbd jbgctj jgzgrd fe tjb

sbitor.

Tghcb7>0 Ijroefi gfclbets

Abvbr ged tfrbdebss 79 7>.9%

Hgik gijb 1> 4=.1%

Cbm gijb 48 99.9%

Otjbr hody pgfe 76 72.7%

Ytolgij fssubs : 1.9%

Myegbiocomfigc fssubs = 2.1%

Otjbrs 78 6.2%

Ft fs gcso sfmefafiget tjgt 8>% workbrs wbrb uewbcc wftj myegbiocomfigc fssubs gs fs bvfdbet arol

tjb prbvfous ybgr (Tghcb6), ged ovbr 2% oa tjb workbrs iolpcgfebd oa tjfs gs g ijroefi prohcbl.

Tjb coem tbrl baabit oa workfem fe tjb mgrlbet fedustry aor wolbe ige hb vbry dglgmfem to

tjbfr jbgctj. Tjfs fs ge grbg aor sbrfous study arol ge oiiupgtfoegc jbgctj pofet oa vfbw.

Tghcb770 Igusb aor jbgctj fssubs

]orkpcgib prbssurb 17 4:.4%

^rbssurb workpcgib & jolb 78 6.2%

Ytgedfem : jours 9> 89.:%

Yfttfem : jours 8> 72.6%

Dust 72 77.6%

Eo hrbgks 72 77.6%

Otjbrs = 2.1%

Tjb lgfe rbgsoes rbportbd hy workbrs aor gfclbets grb cfstbd fe Tghcb77. Tjb lost flportget

rbgsoe mfvbe hy tjb workbrs wgs workpcgib prbssurb, aoccowbd hy prbssurb gt workpcgib ged gt

jolb. Tjfs fs eot gt gcc surprfsfem mfvbe tjb vbry coem work-dgy, stgrtfem aor lgey workbrs

wftj wgkfem up hbaorb 1 fe tjb lorefem, iolpcbtfem jousb work hbaorb sbttfem out to work,

iolfem jolb gatbr = fe tjb bvbefem to iolpcbtb tjb jousb work, ged fe solb igsbs bvbe tgkfem


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oe bxtrg work gt jolb, lgegmfem to scbbp hy oecy groued 7>-9>-77 gt efmjt. Tjb strbss woucd

ioetrfhutb gcso to tjb lgòr ijroefi gfclbets, lgkfem ft dfaafiuct aor tjb mgrlbet workbr to igrry

oe work fe tjb sbitor aor gey cbemtj oa tflb.

]orkbrs gcso strbssbd tjb coem jours spbet fe oeb posftfoe wftjout gey ijgemb gs oeb lgòr

rbgsoe aor fcc jbgctj. Tjb ebbd to lgfetgfe oeb posftfoe gt work tjroumj tjb coem work-dgy,

dfaafiucty fe tgkfem hrbgks arol work wjbe tjb work prbssurb fs jfmj, gcc woucd ioetrfhutb to

hody gijb, ged to lorb coem tbrl myegbiocomfigc gfclbets.

Fssubs aor dfsiussfoe

7. Two fssubs wbrb hroumjt out arol tjb survby. Afrst, aor lost workbrs work fe tjb mgrlbet

fedustry wgs eot g tblporgry, sjort tbrl oiiupgtfoe. Tjb gvbrgmb work bxpbrfbeib fe tjb

fedustry wgs 1.1 ybgrs aor tjb workbrs fe tjb sglpcb. Ybvbetbbe workbrs jgd workbd fe tjb

fedustry aor 7> ybgrs or lorb. Ybioed, jowbvbr, tjb tureovbr fe tjb sbitor wgs vbry jfmj. 49%

workbrs fe tjb sglpcb jgd ijgembd òhs gt cbgst oeib fe tjb cgst two ybgrs. Tjbsb two agitorfbs

ebbd to hb hroumjt to tjb aorbmroued aor gey lbgefemauc dfsiussfoe oe workfem ioedftfoes ged

blpcoylbet rbmucgtfoe fe tjb sbitor.

8. Tjb mgrlbet wgmb fs stfcc gt ge bxtrblbcy cow cbvbc. Fe tjb survby wb sgw tjgt tjb gvbrgmb

mgrlbet aglfcy fe tjb sglpcb drgwe prflgrfcy arol Hgemgcorb ifty, ged gcso arol tjb

surrouedfem grbgs jgd g aood ioesulptfoe cbvbc tjgt wgs oecy gt tjb cbvbc oa povbrty cbvbc

ioesulptfoe aor tjb iouetry. Tjb iolpgrfsoe wftj bgrcfbr survbys ioeduitbd fe 8>78 ged 8>79

sbblbd to fedfigtb dbicfeb fe bxpbedfturb oe aood fe rbgc tbrls. Tjfs fs g lgttbr aor mrgvb

ioeibre.

9. Tjb survby dgtg fedfigtbd tjgt bxpbedfturb oe aood feirbgsbd wftj feirbgsb fe gvbrgmb wgmb,

bvbe tjoumj tjb rgtb oa feirbgsb fe bxpbedfturb wgs cowbr tjge tjb wgmb feirbgsb rgtb. Tjfs

icbgrcy sjowbd tjgt wftj hbttbr wgmbs tjb aglfcy ioesulptfoe oe aood woucd gcso feirbgsb.

]jgt wgs lorb sfmefafiget wgs tjgt bxpbedfturb oe bduigtfoe ged jbgctj feirbgsbd gt g luij

jfmjbr rgtb tjge wgmb feirbgsb. Tjb prbssurb to spbed lorb oe bduigtfoe fe prfvgtb festftutfoes

fe iftfbs fe tjb ghsbeib oa mood puhcfi agifcftfbs fs icbgrcy hroumjt out. Tjfs fs gcso trub wftj

rbmgrd to jbgctj igrb, dbspftb tjb agit tjgt lost mgrlbet workbrs grb iovbrbd uedbr tjb BYF

sijblb.


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4. Jfmj iost oa stgtb rue hus trgesport agifcfty wgs g lg`or fssub wftj mgrlbet workbrs. Tjfs

aoribd lost workbrs to wgck to work bvbe tjoumj tjby wbrb gcrbgdy agibd wftj ge bxtrblbcy

coem work-dgy fe gddftfoe to hbfem rbspoesfhcb aor tjb jousb work. Tjb dblged aor suhsfdfsbd

wolbe-oecy husbs arol spbifafi mgrlbet workbr coigcftfbs to agitorfbs jgs hbbe rgfsbd hy

mgrlbet workbrs ged uefoes, hut wjfcb tjb movbrelbet stgtbs ft woucd ioesfdbrghcb tjb lgttbr

agvourghcy, ft jgs eot tgkbe gey stbps to bxtbed tjfs agifcfty to tjb sbitor tjgt blpcoys tjb cgrmbst

eulhbr oa wolbe fe aorlgc blpcoylbet fe tjb ifty.

2. Tjb lg`orfty oa mgrlbet workbr aglfcfbs jgd gt cbgst oeb dbpbedget gduct (lost igsbs oeb

pgrbet oa bftjbr tjb workbr or jbr spousb) cfvfem wftj tjbl. ]jfcb tjfs woucd hb g mrbgt jbcp to

tjb aglfcy aor ijfcd igrb ged bvbe sjgrfem fe jousb work, tjb aglfcy iost woucd gcso feirbgsb.

Tjfs sjoucd hb agitorbd feto tjb prbsbet aorlucg aor igciucgtfem tjb stgtutory Lfeflul ]gmb

usfem tjb Yjgetgppg Iollfttbb eorls, wjfij iurrbetcy gssulbs tjb aglfcy iolprfsfem oa two

gducts ged two ijfcdrbe.

1. ]ork fetbesfty fs g sbrfous fssub. Mgrlbet workbrs icgflbd tjgt work fetbesfty wgs gcso tjb

lgfe rbgsoe aor jgrgsslbet gt tjb workpcgib. ]ork prbssurb wgs tjb lost iolloe agitor

hroumjt up hy tjb workbrs aor ijroefi work rbcgtbd gfclbets. Tjfs fs g lgttbr tjgt hrgeds

sjoucd gddrbss sbrfouscy fa tjby grb gt gcc ioeibrebd ghout btjfigc blpcoylbet stgedgrds.

Agitorfbs sjoucd gcso hb aoribd to ioeduit rbmucgr jbgctj ijbik-ups oa workbrs oe agitory

prblfsbs, ged tjb lgegmblbet sjoucd hb lgdb to tgkb rbspoesfhfcfty aor work rbcgtbd fcc-

jbgctj.

=. Tjb dgtg oe work fetbesfty fedfigtbs tjgt tjb dfrbit cghour iost to lgeuagiturb g stgedgrd

ftbl oa mgrlbets cfkb g stgedgrd T-sjfrt fs vbry cow. Tjbrb fs suhstgetfgc surpcus wftjfe tjb

mcohgc suppcy ijgfe to gccow cgrmb wgmb feirbgsbs wftjout flpgitfem tjb proaft lgrmfe. Tjb

lgegmblbet comfi hbjfed cow wgmbs lfmjt gitugccy hb aor bemgmfem wftj g vucebrghcb

workaorib wjo woucd eot rbsfst lgegmblbet prbssurb. Ormgefsbd workaorib prbssurb ged

hgrmgfefem giross tjb suppcy ijgfe ioucd tjbrbaorb hrfem ghout suhstgetfgc wgmb feirbgsb.

:. Tjb grmulbet oa tjb lgeuagiturbrs tjgt tjb mgrlbet sbitor wgmbs igeeot hb rgfsbd aurtjbr

mfvbe tjb flpbrgtfvb aor lgfetgfefem iolpbtftfvbebss ged tjb ghsbeib oa gdbqugtb lgrmfes fs

surbcy eot horeb out arol tjb dgtg aor tjb suppcy ijgfe. ]b sbb tjgt tjb dfrbit wgmb iost aor g


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stgedgrd T-sjfrt fs oecy groued Xs.8> or 9> ibets, ged rbprbsbets oecy 7 pbribet oa tjb lgrkbd

prfib oa tjb mgrlbet. Mfvbe tjgt lgeuagiturbrs grb eot igpghcb, or wfccfem to mfvb tjb iost pusj

to gccow aor hbttbr wgmb fe tjb sbitor, tjb pusj wfcc ebibssgrfcy jgvb to iolb arol tjb

movbrelbet fe afxfem tjb lfeflul wgmb aor tjb sbitor. Tjb ioetfeuous iglpgfme prbssurb oa

workbrs‖ ormgefsgtfoes fs ebibssgry aor tjfs.

6. Fe tjb bvbet oa tjb mgrlbet fedustry mrgdugccy lovfem out oa Ijfeg hbigusb oa sfmefafiget

wgmb feirbgsbs, tjb fedustry fe Fedfg ged fe tjb soutj Gsfge rbmfoe ige hbebaft suhstgetfgccy fe

tbrls oa iolpbtftfvbebss. Tjfs fs ge opportuefty aor wgmb feirbgsb, gs wbcc gs aor flprovfem

workfem ioedftfoes fe tjb sbitor. Tjfs wfcc jowbvbr hb possfhcb oecy wftj feirbgsfem

ormgefsgtfoe oa workaorib fe tjb sbitor.

survey on garment workers in karnataka - 2015

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