UNIVERSAL JOINTPROPELLER SHAFT

• It is a driving shaft that connects the output shaft or transmission main to the differential at the rear wheels.

• The rotary motion of the transmission main shaft is carried out through the propeller shaft to the differential, thus causing the rear wheel to rotate.

UNIVERSAL JOINTDRIVE MECHANISM

UNIVERSAL JOINTDRIVE MECHANISM

UNIVERSAL JOINTSUSPENSION SYSTEM

• To reduce the breakdown of motor vehicle working parts due to continual and severe stress especially on the engine and transmission system, suspension is required.

• Purpose:- The main purpose of suspension system is to absorb shock and jerk/vibration and to ensure a smooth ride.

UNIVERSAL JOINTSUSPENSION SYSTEM

• Functions of suspension system:-• 1. To prevent road shocks from being transmitted to the

frame• 2. To preserve the stability of the vehicle in pitching or

rolling when the vehicle is in motion• 3. To maintain proper steering geometry• 4. To safeguard the occupants from road shock• 5. To provide good road holding while driving and braking• 6. To arrest the vibration and jerk developed by the engine

and its accessories to the structure

UNIVERSAL JOINTSUSPENSION SYSTEM

UNIVERSAL JOINTBRAKE EFFICIENCY

Brake efficiency is determined to find out whether any defect is persisting in the brake system, thereby the effectiveness of the brake. The efficiency can vary from 100% to as low as 20%.

Brake efficiency F=µw, µ-coefficient of friction, w-weight of vehicle

Roller brake testing machine & road testing

UNIVERSAL JOINTBRAKE EFFICIENCY

• The important factors considered for brake efficiency are :- Different road condition Faulty brake in the vehicle Worn out brake linings Leakage in the hydraulic system Air leak in hydraulic system Leakage of air in the air brake system Inexperienced driver

UNIVERSAL JOINTROLLER BRAKE TESTING MACHINE

UNIVERSAL JOINTSTOPPING DISTANCE

• 21.3 30% very poor• 15.8 40% poor• 12.4 50% fair• 10.6 60% good• 9.1 70% very good• 7.9 80% excellent