sustainability metrics ghg management &...
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Sustainability MetricsGHG Management & Tracking
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AgendaMonday, April 11, 2011 1:30 pm ‐ 3:00 pmTitle: Carbon Management & Sustainability Metrics• Data and Standards• Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) – Supply Chain Questionnaire• Supply Partner Engagement – Challenges / Solutions
Tuesday, April 12, 2011 1:30 pm ‐ 3:00 pmTitle: Corporate Social Responsibility, Part 1 • GHG Emission Tracking• Suggestions on Data Management / Processes• Developing Management Plans & Targets
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Context: Business Drivers
1. Physical – infrastructure / assets– supply chains / logistics
2. Regulatory– compliance– mitigation
3. Financial – cost of energy / raw materials – insurance premium
4. Brand Integrity – consumer expectations– pressure from civil society
Total Cost of Ownership = – regulatory compliance, – litigation,– impacts on production
costs, – market demand, – insurance, – Logistics & shipping
Climate Change Risks
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Context: Climate Performance
• Carbon Disclosure Project– Backed with $71 trillion in assets from 551 global investors
• Ceres Climate Change Governance Checklist – Ranks 100 companies from most carbon‐intensive sectors
• Dow Jones Sustainability Index, Calvert Funds,– Voluntary participation in EPA program is one criteria for inclusion
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Greenhouse Gas CO2 Equivalent Primary Source
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 1 Burning of fossil fuels, wood, fiber
Methane (CH4) 22 x CO2Agriculture; oil, coal, and gas production; animals (17%); rice paddies; Marshes (23%)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) 296 x CO2Dental anesthetic, food propellant, combustion of fossil fuels
CFC-12 6,600 x CO2Refrigerant
HCFC-22 1,350 x CO2Refrigerant
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
23,900 x CO2Electrical Insulation – Gaseous Semiconductors-Dry/Plasma Etching
http://www.ipcc.ch
Anthropogenic sources
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Greenhouse Gas EmissionsA Ton of CO2 is emitted when:
– Traveling 2,000 miles by air– Driving 1,350 miles in an SUV– Driving 1,900 miles in a mid‐sized car– Driving 6,000 miles in a hybrid car– Running an average US household for 60 days– Running your computer on for 10,600 hours– Grazing one dairy cow for eight months
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Emission Sources
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Monday, April 11, 2011 1:30 pm ‐ 3:00 pmTitle: Carbon Management & Sustainability Metrics• Data and Standards• Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) – Supply Chain Questionnaire
• Supply Partner Engagement – Challenges / Solutions
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• Created by CERES in 1997 • Standard for Sustainability Reporting• > 1,500 organizations from 60 countries• Indicator Protocols include:
– Economics– Environment– Human Rights– Labor Practices– Product responsibility– Society
Global Reporting Initiative
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Global Reporting Initiative
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Global Reporting Initiative
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Emissions Reporting• Reported information shall be “relevant, complete, consistent, transparent
and accurate.” • The GHG Protocol Corporate Standard requires reporting a minimum of:
– Description of company and inventory boundary– Scope 1 Direct Emissions – Scope 2 Indirect Emissions (Power / Electricity)
• Optional– Scope 3
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Carbon Disclosure Project
• Independent, non‐profit since 2000• 551 institutional investors worth US$71 trillion• 3,00 of the world’s largest companies
– FT 500 ‐ largest globally based companies – S&P 500 ‐ largest US companies – FTSE 350 ‐ largest UK companies – 250 ‐ largest electric utilities
• Website is largest repository of corporate GHG emissions
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Carbon Disclosure Project
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CDP Supply Chain• Participation is increasing• Industry diversification
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CDP Supply ChainFormal Strategy for Risk Management
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Key Challenges
1. Supplier Engagement 2. Management of Data and Information,3. Education of Suppliers, 4. Engagement of Customers
– carbon footprinting was the most important challenge faced by respondents
– Transportation and logistics, water, energy, etc. formed a secondary tier of less challenging issues
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Supplier Roadmap
• Strategic Awareness– Long Term Planning
• Carbon Reduction Ambitions
– Commitment to Reduction
• Reporting Capabilities– Emissions Intensity
• Implementation Practice– Strategy & Demonstrated
Reductions
• Strategic Awareness– Risk Analysis
• Carbon Reduction Ambitions
– Emission Reduction Target
• Reporting Capabilities– Scope 1 & 2 emissions
• Implementation Practice
– Sr. Officer Accountable
• Strategic Awareness– Disclosure
• Carbon Reduction Ambitions
– Links Business Strategy & Risk
• Reporting Capabilities– Scope 2 only
• Implementation Practice– Sr. Officer Accountable
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Supplier Strategy
• Product Innovation• Win‐Win for suppliers and customer
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Tuesday, April 12, 2011 1:30 pm ‐ 3:00 pmTitle: Corporate Social Responsibility, Part 1 • GHG Emission Tracking• Suggestions on Data Management / Processes• Developing Management Plans & Targets
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Managing Corporate Climate Strategy• Measure
– Develop a comprehensive GHG inventory using appropriate software
– Develop internal process to update inventory in the future
• Report– Submit reports to voluntary GHG programs– Communicate GHG management efforts to stakeholders
• Manage– Set goals to reduce GHG emissions– Identify, evaluate, and implement cost‐effective opportunities– Prepare for future GHG regulation
Manage
Measure
Report
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GHG Management Planning Process• Entity‐Wide GHG Inventory
• GHG Reduction Goal
• Inventory Maintenance System (IMS)
• Inventory Management Plan (IMP)
• Emissions Mitigation Analysis
• GHG Emissions Management Plan
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Greenhouse Gas Inventory SummaryEnter into Climate Leaders Summary
Form
Source Type - Direct Emissions
CO2 ANNUAL EMISSIONS (metric
tons)
N2O ANNUAL EMISSIONS (metric
tons CO2-eq)CH4 ANNUAL EMISSIONS
(metric tons CO2-eq)
TOTAL EMISSIONS - Annual CO2-eq.
(metric tons)1.0 Stationary Combustion Sources 1,312 1 2 1,3152.0 Mobile Combustion Sources 0 0 0 03.0 Refrigeration / AC Equip. Use -- -- -- 474.0 GHG Use in Lab Operations -- -- -- 97
Source Type - Indirect Emissions
CO2 ANNUAL EMISSIONS (metric
tons)
N2O ANNUAL EMISSIONS (metric
tons CO2-eq)CH4 ANNUAL EMISSIONS
(metric tons CO2-eq)
TOTAL EMISSIONS - Annual CO2-eq.
(metric tons)1.0 Purchased and Used Electricity 16,285 48 13 16,3452.0 Purchased and Used Steam 0 0 0 0
Source Type - Optional Emissions
CO2 ANNUAL EMISSIONS (metric
tons)
N2O ANNUAL EMISSIONS (metric
tons CO2-eq)CH4 ANNUAL EMISSIONS
(metric tons CO2-eq)
TOTAL EMISSIONS - Annual CO2-eq.
(metric tons)1.0 Airplane Miles Traveled -- -- -- 4,6282.0 Employee Commute -- -- -- 4,230
Company Totalmetric tons CO2-eq/year 26,661
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Standards of Accounting forGHG Emissions
“The GHG Protocol Initiative, a decade‐long partnership between the World Resources Institute and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, is working with businesses, governments, and environmental groups around the world to build a new generation of credible and effective programs for tackling climate change.”
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GHG Inventory Process
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Organizational Boundary
Required (Scope 1 & 2) • 6 major GHGs • Direct emissions• Direct emissions owned & controlled by the organization
• Indirect emissions from electricity, heat, and steam
Optional (Scope 3)• Employee travel and commuting• Product transport
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GHG Inventory &Energy Consumption
• GHG Inventory process enables comparison of energy consumption from dissimilar activities
Electricity 50%
Stationary Combustion
35%
Mobile Combustion3%
Commuting 11%
Fugitive Refrigerants
1%• GHG Inventory is largely comprised of energy consumed in campus owned/leased operations
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Categorize and RankActivity Emission Source
Buildings‐Classroom/Office‐Laboratory‐Dormitory‐Gymnasium
ElectricityNatural gasPropane
Central Plant ElectricityNatural gasFuel oilCoal
Outdoor Lighting Electricity
Vehicle / Bus Fleet GasolineDiesel
Student/Staff Commuting GasolineDiesel
Paid Air Travel Jet Fuel
Fugitive Refrigerants from Use of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment
HFC and PFC Refrigerants
Office/Classroom Electricity
Dormitory Electricity
Gymnasium ElectricityOutdoor Lighting
Electricity
Dormitory Natural GasGymnasium Natural Gas
Central Plant Natural Gas
Central Plant Fuel Oil
Vehicle Fleet Gasoline
Bus Fleet DieselCommuting
Paid Air TravelFugitive Refrigerants
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Financial Metrics• Return on Investment
• ROI; IRR; NPV; Payback
• Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC)
• Moving beyond traditional financial analysis Integrates the value of GHG emission reductions into energy‐related investment decisions
MAC establishes the implicit cost per tonne of GHG emission reductions
Calculate and rank the MAC for all GHG reduction projects
tCO2e$
ReductionGHG AnnualCosty Opportunit AnnualNet MAC ==
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Business‐As‐Usual Forecast
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
GHG Emission
s (tCO2e
)
Electric Statioanry Fuels Vehicle Fleet Commuting Paid Air Travel Fugitive Refrigerants
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Greenhouse Gas Master Plan
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
GHG Emission
s (tCO2e
)
GHG Inventory Existing Bldg EE LED Outdoor Lighting
Improve fleet fuel economy LEED NC Trigen Central Plant
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Inventory Management Plan (IMP)Three critical components to a credible IMP:
1.Management Accountability2.Standard Operating Procedures for conducting an annual inventory
3.Transparent documentation
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GHG Emissions ReductionsThree primary approaches1. Energy efficiency (facilities and processes)2. Travel reduction (commuting and business travel)3. Fuel switching (on‐site renewable projects or green
procurement)
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GHG Reduction GoalsEvery company has a unique set of emissions sources and reduction opportunities.
The goal must be:• Corporate‐wide (domestic or global)• Based on the most recent base year for which data is available• Achieved over 5 to 10 years• Expressed as an absolute GHG reduction or as a decrease in GHG intensity• Aggressive compared to the projected GHG performance for the sector
Normalized vs. Absolute Targets:• Normalized GHG reduction targets allow for economic growth
– typically vs. units of production output or $ revenues• Absolute reduction targets can be tougher to achieve
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Examples of Product LCAs
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0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
Electronic Distribution Physical Media
CO2e/A
gree
men
t End of Life
Distribution
Materials
24 %
63 %
13 %
90 %
http://www.wspenvironmental.com/media/docs/en/demonstrating.the.benefits.of.esd.accenture.wsp.pdf
Results
91%em
ission reduction
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Results
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rials
Distrib
ution
End of
Life
Total
Product AProduct B-10,000
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
tCO
2eq
Em
issi
ons
Distribution CO2eq Emissions based on 10 million purchases
Results – Targeting Performance
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Avoided emissions for product A is equivalent to:
Carbon sequestered in 3 trees in a 120 year old forest, in 1 year
Emissions from 1 gallon of gas
8,165 households electricity use for 1 year
245 acres of Amazon Rainforest
13,768 passenger cars not driven for one year
Avoided emissions for product B is equivalent to:
Perspective
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Water Impacts ‐ Product Comparisons
Product Gallons1 cotton shirt 713Industrial Product per USD 80
1 kg leather 4,3851 Sheet of paper (A4) 3
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Plastic 34%
Cardboard
27%
High Impact Polystyrene
3%
Steel,3%
Aluminium Alloy4%
Polyurethane,5%
Production of
Cardboard 9%
Injection moulding of Plastics8%
Steel Manufacturing,
5%
Product Water Impact
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Product CO2e
Potato Chips (Walkers) 075 g CO2e / kg product
Newspaper 174 g CO2e / kg product
1 DVD with Packaging (News Corps) 679 g CO2e / kg product
1 L Bottle of Water (Fiji) 115 g CO2e
1 Load of Laundry (Tesco) 725 g CO2e
Thumb Drive 735 g CO2e
4 AA batteries in package 500 g CO2e
1/2 Gallon of Orange Juice (PepsiCo) 1,700 g CO2e
Gallon of Milk 3,175 g CO2e
6 pack of beer (New Belgium, Fat Tire) 3,189 g CO2e
Synthetic Running Socks 13,607 g CO2e
Jacket (Patagonia) 29,937 g CO2e
Running Shoes 64,863 g CO2e
Hiking Boots (Timberland) 79,379 g CO2e
Road Bicycle 1.5 metric tonnes CO2e
Mid‐sized sedan 63 metric tonnes CO2e
Product Carbon Footprint Comparison
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LCA Overview
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Product Carbon Footprint OverviewSupply Chain GHG analysis measuring the impacts over the product lifecycleIncludes specific processes, multiple sites, and multiple companiesFinal results can measure the impacts of GHG emissions as well as water use, waste outputs, and human and ecological impacts95% of companies who have reported GHG emissions are only accounting for their organizational emissionsPast 2 years product / supply chain GHG emissions reporting has dramatically increased even though:– There are no regulatory requirements (in the US)– Standard data collection and methods need refining
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Commercial Drivers
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Stakeholder Pressures
• Industry leadership and standards• Investor inquires (CDP)• Consumer Interest• NGO pressure and brand reputation • Design and innovation
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Investor Interest• Unmanaged risks generally not being reported• Cost
– regulatory compliance, – litigation,– impacts on production costs, – market demand, – insurance, – Logistics & shipping
• Socially Responsible Investment – climate change as a leading indicator of corporate responsibility
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Corporate GHG Inventory
Product or Supply Chain GHG Inventory
SupplyChain
ParticipantCompanies
Facility GHGInventory
SupplyChain
ParticipantCompanies
Product/SupplyChain Analysis
Corporate GHG Inventory vs. Supply Chain Reporting
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Raw Materials
SuppliersManufacturing
Logistics
Retailers
Consumer
LCA Scope
EOL
Quantifies equivalent carbon emissions associated with an entire supply chain or a particular product lifecycle.
Lifecycle Encompasses Entire the Supply Chain
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Methods & Standards
• WBCSD / WRI GHG Protocol Product Lifecycle• ISO 14044 Guidelines for LCA• GHG Protocol• BSI PAS 2050 • EIO – LCA Economic Analysis
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Objectives for Carbon Footprinting
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LCA ObjectivesProcess & Product Design• Material Substitution• Packaging Alternatives• DfECommunications & Environmental Claims
• ISO 14025• Carbon Labeling
Supply Chain and Logistic EfficienciesIdentify Potential RisksTarget Carbon Reductions
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Calculating GHG’s and Aggregating Data
Secondary Data
Tools available in market:
Primary Data
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Data Requirements & Collection
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Data Collection
Data Type Source Unit Owner
Emission Factors Secondary IPCC / GHG Protocol; EcoInvent Database
Kg CO2 eq. WSP
BOM Primary Client Kg / Grams CLIENT
Supplier Logistics Primary Components Suppliers; Contract Manufacturers
Kilometers; mode
CLIENT
Process Energy Primary Contract Manufacturers kWh CLIENT
Distribution Logistics Primary; Secondary
3rd Party Distribution Kilometers; mode
CLIENTWSP
End of Life Secondary EcoInvent Database Kg CO2 eq. WSP
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Process Map - Example
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Plastic
Plastic, Metal, etc
Process Map ‐ Example
Box, flyers, plastic wrap, fill paper
Polycarbonate
XXX(XX, China)
XXX(XX, China)
(XX, China)
Packaging (XX, China)
Manufacturing(XX, China)
Ground: kmMarine: km
Ground: XX km
Ground: km Marine: km
Packaging(XX, XYZ?)
Logistics / Distribution(Los Angeles)
Ground: XX kmAir: XX km
Customer
Out of Scope In Scope Materials
Ground: kmMarine: km
Ground: XX km
Ground: XX km
Intermediate UPS / FedEx distribution
center
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Project Management: Timeline, Tasks, & Cost
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The Carbon Footprint ProcessCollect & analyze internal product data(e.g. Review BOM, supplier processes)Collect & analyze internal product data(e.g. Review BOM, supplier processes)
Build a Supply Chain Process Map(Raw materials to end of life)
Define Scope and Boundaries and ID data requirements
Collect data(Primary and Secondary)
Calculate GHG’s for each supply chainCalculate GHG’s for each supply chainprocess step
Aggregate Results / Scenario Analysis
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Project Management – Tasks & Timeframes• Timeframe depends on client’s access to primary data
• Plan for 6 – 12 weeks depending on complexity
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Time Commitment
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Fee AssessmentBudget for LCA / Product Carbon Footprinting Services is based on the following factors:
• Client’s objectives & agreed upon deliverables – Internal LCA vs. peer reviewed LCA for public disclosure
• Project scale – Scope and Boundaries of the project as agreed upon at project start – Number of desired variables in the development of a carbon model – Product/Service quantity and complexity – Number of products / services to be analyzed – Number of assemblies and subassemblies in the product
• Depth of the Supply Chain – Similarities and differences within the supply chain / manufacturer
• Intensity of client support – Challenges anticipated in the data collection process – # of agreed upon meetings per month – Frequency & distance of travel required – Degree of data and assumption validation desired by client
Client is usually responsible for data collection and related discussions with supply chain partners.
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Project Challenges• Availability of Primary Data• 3rd Party Supplier & Distributor Logistics• Budget• Internal Staff Availability• External Communications / Strategy• Integration of Results through Business
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Environmental Product Declaration
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Defining your Carbon and Energy
Risks
Implementing Low Carbon Strategies
Designing a Low Carbon Future
Capturing Business Opportunity
Quantification &Carbon FootprintingSustainability AssessmentsCompetitor BenchmarkingStakeholder SegmentationScenario Analysis & Risk ModellingRegulatory Assessment
Data Management & ReportingAction Planning & Program SupportStakeholder EngagementMarketing StrategyInternal & External Communications & Reporting
Sustainable Product DesignSustainability Master PlanningGreen Building DesignGreen ITRenewable Energy
Carbon & Energy Efficiency AuditsAccess Incentives & RebatesAdaptation PlanningTechnology ReviewsStrategy Planning
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About WSP
2010 Revenue US$1.1 Billion
WSP is a leading global supplier of environmental, energy, and management consultancy services.
250 Offices;35 Countries
Projects in 60 countries
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Our Clients
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Thank YouChristopher J. KralWSP Environment & Energy405 Howard Street, Suite 310 San Francisco, California 94105Tel: +1 415.904.8470 x 111Mob: +1 415.271.8336
WSP Environment & Energy ‐ Shaping a sustainable futurewww.wspenvironmental.com/sustain