STRATEGIES FOR OVERHEATING PROTECTION TO PARK HILLCourse: Sustainable design project 2- Univer-sity of SheffieldWork: IndividualYear/Semester: 2016 / Semester 2Names of Supervisors: Aidan Hoggard, Sofie PelsmakersSoftwares used: Autocad, Sketch up, Revit, Ecotect, Velux Daylight Visualizer, PHPP, Flow Design, ICE database Contribution to the project: concept devel-opment, research for embodied carbon and energy for insulations and window material, prepare 2d and 3d models, daylight analysis, solar radiation analysis, energy consumption analysis, presentation preparation.Description: Park hill is one of the most important buildings in Sheffield because of its history in culture and social housing. It is a Grade II listed building and also the largest listed building in Europe. For Phase II the proposal by David Mikhail of Michail Riches Architects, won the competition and proposed to retain the brick walls. My proposal is to retrofit the apartments according to EnerPHit standard. Analysis for apartment type A indicates that there is currently a high probability of overheating which will continue into the future. Proposals to solve this problem include lower u values for the walls, timber triple glazed windows, external shading and night single sided or cross ventilation.

SUMMER SOLSTICE

SUNSHADOW RANGE

SOLAR RADIATION ANALYSIS

WINTER SOLSTICE SPRING EQUINOX

sun exposure winter(hour/day)

overshadow mask

overshadow mask

overshadowing persentage

overshadowing persentage

solar exposure

solar exposuresun exposure summer(hour/day)

sun exposure winter(hour/day)

sun exposure summer(hour/day)

overshadowing persentage solar exposureovershadow mask

NORTH FACADE

SOUTH FACADE

SHADING DEVICES

Calculating and designing shading devices based on overshadowing masks and key dates.

Prepare a 3d model using design PH to import the data in PHPP and analyse the impact of the shading device on the energy consumption.

ORIENTATION 1

Passive House planning: P R I M A R Y E N E R G Y V A L U E

Building: Building type:

Treated floor area ATFA: 56 m²

Space heating demand incl. distribution 28 kWh/(m²a)

Useful cooling demand incl. dehumidification: kWh/(m²a)

Final energy Primary energyEmissions

CO2-equivalent

kWh/(m2a) kWh/(m2a) kg/(m2a)

Electricity demand (without heat pump) PE ValueCO2-emissions factor (CO2-

equivalent)

Covered fraction of space heating demand (Project) 0% kWh/kWh g/kWh

Covered fraction of DHW demand (Project) 0% 2.6 680

Direct electric heating QH,de 0.0 0.0 0.0

Hot water, direct electric (without DHW wash&dish) QDHW,de (DHW+Distribution, SolarDHW) 0.0 0.0 0.0Electric post heating DHW wash&dish (Electricity, SolarDHW) 0.0 0.0 0.0Electricity demand household appliances QEHH (Electricity worksheet) 20.1 52.1 13.6Electricity demand - Auxiliary electricity 1.7 4.5 1.2Total electricity demand (without heat pump) 21.8 56.6 14.8

Heat pump PE ValueCO2-emissions factor (CO2-

equivalent)

Covered fraction of space heating demand (Project) 0% kWh/kWh g/kWh

Covered fraction of DHW demand (Project) 0% 2.6 680

Energy carrier - Supplementary heating Electricity 2.6 680Seasonal performance factor of heat pump 1 (heating / heating&DHW)SPFH-1 (HP worksheet)

Seasonal performance factor heat pump 2 (DHW) SPFH-1 (HP worksheet)

Heat generation efficiency (excl. DHW wash&dish) (HP worksheet)

Heat generation efficiency (incl. DHW wash&dish) (HP worksheet)

Electricity demand heat pump (without DHW wash&dish) QHP (HP worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0Non-electric demand, DHW wash&dish 0.0 0.0 0.0Total electricity demand heat pump (HP worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0

Compact heat pump unit PE ValueCO2-emissions factor (CO2-

equivalent)

Covered fraction of space heating demand (Project) 0% kWh/kWh g/kWh

Covered fraction of DHW demand (Project) 0% 2.6 680

Energy carrier - Supplementary heating Electricity 2.6 680Seasonal performance factor heat pump heating SPFH-1 (Compact worksheet) 0.0Seasonal performance factor heat pump DHW SPFH-1 (Compact worksheet) 0.0Heat generation efficiency (excl. DHW wash&dish) (Compact worksheet)

Heat generation efficiency (incl. DHW wash&dish) (Compact worksheet)

Electricity demand heat pump (without DHW wash&dish) QHP (Compact worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0Non-electric demand, DHW wash&dish 0.0 0.0 0.0Total compact unit (Compact worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0

Boiler PE ValueCO2-emissions factor (CO2-

equivalent)

Covered fraction of space heating demand (Project) 0% kWh/kWh g/kWh

Covered fraction of DHW demand (Project) 0% 1.1 250

Boiler type (Boiler worksheet)

Performance ratio of heat generator (Boiler worksheet) 0%Annual energy demand (without DHW wash&dish) (Boiler worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0Non-electric demand, DHW wash&dish (Electricity worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0Total heating oil/gas/wood 0.0 0.0 0.0

District Heat PE ValueCO2-emissions factor (CO2-

equivalent)

Covered fraction of space heating demand (Project) 100% kWh/kWh g/kWh

Covered fraction of DHW demand (Project) 100% 0.7 -70

Heat source (District heating worksheet) Gas CGS 70% PHCPerformance ratio of heat generator (District heating worksheet) 0%Heating demand district heat (without DHW wash&dish) (District heating worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0Non-electric demand, DHW wash&dish (Electricity worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0Total district heat 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other PE ValueCO2-emissions factor (CO2-

equivalent)

Covered fraction of space heating demand (Project) 0% kWh/kWh g/kWh

Covered fraction of DHW demand (Project) 0% 0.2 55

Heat source (Project) WoodPerformance ratio of heat generator (Project) 135%Annual energy demand, space heating 0.0 0.0 0.0Annual energy demand, DHW (without DHW wash&dish) 0.0 0.0 0.0Non-electric demand, DHW wash&dish (Electricity worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0Non-electric demand cooking/drying (gas) (Electricity worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0Total - Other 0.0 0.0 0.0

Cooling with electric heat pump PE ValueCO2-emissions factor (CO2-

equivalent)

kWh/kWh g/kWh

Covered fraction of cooling demand (Project) 100% 2.6 680

Heat source ElectricitySeasonal energy efficiency ratio coolingEnergy demand space cooling 0.0 0.0 0.0

Heating, cooling, DHW, auxiliary electricity, lighting, electrical appliances 21.8 56.6 14.8

Total PE Value 56.6 kWh/(m²a)

Total emissions CO2-Equivalent 14.8 kg/(m²a) (Yes/No)

Primary Energy Requirement 120 kWh/(m²a) yes

Heating, DHW, auxiliary electricity (no lighting and electrical appliances) 1.7 4.5 1.2

Specific PE demand - Mechanical system 4.5 kWh/(m²a)

Total emissions CO2-equivalent 1.2 kg/(m²a)

Solar electricity PE-Value (generation) CO2-emission factor

kWh/a kWh/kWh g/kWh

Planned annual electricity generation (Worksheet PV)

Specific demandPE Value: Conservation by solar electricity kWh/(m²a)

Saved CO2 emissions through solar electricity kg/(m²a)

PHPP, PE value DOUBLE WINDOWS_ORIENTATION 1.xls

ANALYSIS FOR PHASE II BASED ON PART L STANDARDS

Passive House verification

Photo or Drawing

Building:

Street:

Postcode / City:

Country:

Building type:

Climate: [UK] - East Pennines (Waddington) Altitude of building site (in [m] above sea level): -

Home owner / Client:

Street:

Postcode/City:

Architecture:

Street:

Postcode / City:

Mechanical system:

Street:

Postcode / City:

Year of construction: Interior temperature winter: 20.0 °C Enclosed volume Ve m³: 141.0No. of dwelling units: Interior temperature summer: 25.0 °C Mechanical cooling:No. of occupants: 1.6 Internal heat sources winter: 2.1 W/m²

Spec. capacity: 60 Wh/K per m² TFA Ditto summer: 2.1 W/m²

Specific building demands with reference to the treated floor area

Treated floor area 56.2 m² Requirements Fulfilled?*

Space heating Heating demand 28 kWh/(m2a) 15 kWh/(m²a) no

Heating load 19 W/m2 10 W/m² no

Space cooling Overall specif. space cooling demand kWh/(m2a) - -

Cooling load W/m2 - -

Frequency of overheating (> 25 °C) 9.1 % - -

Primary energy Heating, cooling, auxiliary electricity,

dehumidification, DHW,lighting, electrical appliances 57 kWh/(m2a) 120 kWh/(m²a) yes

DHW, space heating and auxiliary electricity 4 kWh/(m2a) - -

Specific primary energy reduction through solar electricity kWh/(m2a) - -

Airtightness Pressurization test result n50 0.6 1/h 0.6 1/h yes* empty field: data missing; '-': no requirement

Passive House? no

We confirm that the values given herein have Name: PHPP Version 8.5been determined following the PHPP methodology and based on the characteristic values of the building. Surname: Issued on:The PHPP calculations are attached to this application.

Company: Signature:

Surface2

PHPP, Verification DOUBLE WINDOWS_ORIENTATION 1.xls

46% Night natural ventilation is needed in order to reduce overheat-ing from 46 % to 9.1%

APARTMENT TYPE A

Section

Perspective view

Facade on the “street”

Facade with balcony

Typical 3 floors of Park Hill

DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS

SPRING EQUINOX

DAYLIGHT FACTOR

WINTER SOLSTICE SUMMER SOLSTICE

9:00

12:00

15:00

Timber stud

Existing brick wall

Polyurethane rigid foamMortar

Brick slips

WALL PERFORMANCE WINDOW PERFORMANCE VISUALIZATIONS

NATURAL VENTILATION

ORIENTATION 1

HEATING LOADSDAYLIGHT FACTOR_WITH SHADING DEVICE COOLING LOADS

SHADING DEVICES BASED ON OVERSADOW MASK FOR EACH WINDOW

Passive House planning: P R I M A R Y E N E R G Y V A L U E

Building: Building type:

Treated floor area ATFA: 56 m²

Space heating demand incl. distribution 28 kWh/(m²a)

Useful cooling demand incl. dehumidification: kWh/(m²a)

Final energy Primary energyEmissions

CO2-equivalent

kWh/(m2a) kWh/(m2a) kg/(m2a)

Electricity demand (without heat pump) PE ValueCO2-emissions factor (CO2-

equivalent)

Covered fraction of space heating demand (Project) 0% kWh/kWh g/kWh

Covered fraction of DHW demand (Project) 0% 2.6 680

Direct electric heating QH,de 0.0 0.0 0.0

Hot water, direct electric (without DHW wash&dish) QDHW,de (DHW+Distribution, SolarDHW) 0.0 0.0 0.0Electric post heating DHW wash&dish (Electricity, SolarDHW) 0.0 0.0 0.0Electricity demand household appliances QEHH (Electricity worksheet) 20.1 52.1 13.6Electricity demand - Auxiliary electricity 1.7 4.5 1.2Total electricity demand (without heat pump) 21.8 56.6 14.8

Heat pump PE ValueCO2-emissions factor (CO2-

equivalent)

Covered fraction of space heating demand (Project) 0% kWh/kWh g/kWh

Covered fraction of DHW demand (Project) 0% 2.6 680

Energy carrier - Supplementary heating Electricity 2.6 680Seasonal performance factor of heat pump 1 (heating / heating&DHW)SPFH-1 (HP worksheet)

Seasonal performance factor heat pump 2 (DHW) SPFH-1 (HP worksheet)

Heat generation efficiency (excl. DHW wash&dish) (HP worksheet)

Heat generation efficiency (incl. DHW wash&dish) (HP worksheet)

Electricity demand heat pump (without DHW wash&dish) QHP (HP worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0Non-electric demand, DHW wash&dish 0.0 0.0 0.0Total electricity demand heat pump (HP worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0

Compact heat pump unit PE ValueCO2-emissions factor (CO2-

equivalent)

Covered fraction of space heating demand (Project) 0% kWh/kWh g/kWh

Covered fraction of DHW demand (Project) 0% 2.6 680

Energy carrier - Supplementary heating Electricity 2.6 680Seasonal performance factor heat pump heating SPFH-1 (Compact worksheet) 0.0Seasonal performance factor heat pump DHW SPFH-1 (Compact worksheet) 0.0Heat generation efficiency (excl. DHW wash&dish) (Compact worksheet)

Heat generation efficiency (incl. DHW wash&dish) (Compact worksheet)

Electricity demand heat pump (without DHW wash&dish) QHP (Compact worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0Non-electric demand, DHW wash&dish 0.0 0.0 0.0Total compact unit (Compact worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0

Boiler PE ValueCO2-emissions factor (CO2-

equivalent)

Covered fraction of space heating demand (Project) 0% kWh/kWh g/kWh

Covered fraction of DHW demand (Project) 0% 1.1 250

Boiler type (Boiler worksheet)

Performance ratio of heat generator (Boiler worksheet) 0%Annual energy demand (without DHW wash&dish) (Boiler worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0Non-electric demand, DHW wash&dish (Electricity worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0Total heating oil/gas/wood 0.0 0.0 0.0

District Heat PE ValueCO2-emissions factor (CO2-

equivalent)

Covered fraction of space heating demand (Project) 100% kWh/kWh g/kWh

Covered fraction of DHW demand (Project) 100% 0.7 -70

Heat source (District heating worksheet) Gas CGS 70% PHCPerformance ratio of heat generator (District heating worksheet) 0%Heating demand district heat (without DHW wash&dish) (District heating worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0Non-electric demand, DHW wash&dish (Electricity worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0Total district heat 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other PE ValueCO2-emissions factor (CO2-

equivalent)

Covered fraction of space heating demand (Project) 0% kWh/kWh g/kWh

Covered fraction of DHW demand (Project) 0% 0.2 55

Heat source (Project) WoodPerformance ratio of heat generator (Project) 135%Annual energy demand, space heating 0.0 0.0 0.0Annual energy demand, DHW (without DHW wash&dish) 0.0 0.0 0.0Non-electric demand, DHW wash&dish (Electricity worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0Non-electric demand cooking/drying (gas) (Electricity worksheet) 0.0 0.0 0.0Total - Other 0.0 0.0 0.0

Cooling with electric heat pump PE ValueCO2-emissions factor (CO2-

equivalent)

kWh/kWh g/kWh

Covered fraction of cooling demand (Project) 100% 2.6 680

Heat source ElectricitySeasonal energy efficiency ratio coolingEnergy demand space cooling 0.0 0.0 0.0

Heating, cooling, DHW, auxiliary electricity, lighting, electrical appliances 21.8 56.6 14.8

Total PE Value 56.6 kWh/(m²a)

Total emissions CO2-Equivalent 14.8 kg/(m²a) (Yes/No)

Primary Energy Requirement 120 kWh/(m²a) yes

Heating, DHW, auxiliary electricity (no lighting and electrical appliances) 1.7 4.5 1.2

Specific PE demand - Mechanical system 4.5 kWh/(m²a)

Total emissions CO2-equivalent 1.2 kg/(m²a)

Solar electricity PE-Value (generation) CO2-emission factor

kWh/a kWh/kWh g/kWh

Planned annual electricity generation (Worksheet PV)

Specific demandPE Value: Conservation by solar electricity kWh/(m²a)

Saved CO2 emissions through solar electricity kg/(m²a)

PHPP, PE value DOUBLE WINDOWS_ORIENTATION 1.xls

Passive House verification

Photo or Drawing

Building:

Street:

Postcode / City:

Country:

Building type:

Climate: [UK] - East Pennines (Waddington) Altitude of building site (in [m] above sea level): -

Home owner / Client:

Street:

Postcode/City:

Architecture:

Street:

Postcode / City:

Mechanical system:

Street:

Postcode / City:

Year of construction: Interior temperature winter: 20.0 °C Enclosed volume Ve m³: 141.0No. of dwelling units: Interior temperature summer: 25.0 °C Mechanical cooling:No. of occupants: 1.6 Internal heat sources winter: 2.1 W/m²

Spec. capacity: 60 Wh/K per m² TFA Ditto summer: 2.1 W/m²

Specific building demands with reference to the treated floor area

Treated floor area 56.2 m² Requirements Fulfilled?*

Space heating Heating demand 3 kWh/(m2a) 15 kWh/(m²a) yes

Heating load 7 W/m2 10 W/m² yes

Space cooling Overall specif. space cooling demand kWh/(m2a) - -

Cooling load W/m2 - -

Frequency of overheating (> 25 °C) 0.8 % - -

Primary energy Heating, cooling, auxiliary electricity,

dehumidification, DHW,lighting, electrical appliances 57 kWh/(m2a) 120 kWh/(m²a) yes

DHW, space heating and auxiliary electricity 4 kWh/(m2a) - -

Specific primary energy reduction through solar electricity kWh/(m2a) - -

Airtightness Pressurization test result n50 0.6 1/h 0.6 1/h yes* empty field: data missing; '-': no requirement

Passive House? yes

We confirm that the values given herein have Name: PHPP Version 8.5been determined following the PHPP methodology and based on the characteristic values of the building. Surname: Issued on:The PHPP calculations are attached to this application.

Company: Signature:

Surface2

PHPP, Verification SHADING ORIENTATION 1.xls

NIGHT VENTILATION

64.7%overheatingfrequency

June 21stSun Altitude: 60 ˚

September 21stSun Altitude: 44 ˚

December 21stSun Altitude: 13 ˚ Decemmber 21rst _ 12 AM

June 21rst _ 12 AM

March 21rst _ 12 AM

DESIGNING A SHADING DEVICE TO REDUCE OVERHEATING

PERFORMANCE WITH THE SHADING DEVICE

Singe sided ventilation

Wind analysis to identify the pressure differences in order to achieve best natural ventilation

Cross ventilation