sustainable agricultural and natural resources …...sustainable vegetable production in southeast...
TRANSCRIPT
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Sustainable Agricultural and Sustainable Agricultural and Natural Resources Management Natural Resources Management Collaborative Research Support ProgramCollaborative Research Support Program
Agroforestry and Agroforestry and Sustainable Vegetable Sustainable Vegetable
Production in Southeast Production in Southeast Asian WatershedsAsian Watersheds
Presented at the International Annual Meeting of the Presented at the International Annual Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological EngineersAmerican Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers
July 11, 2006July 11, 2006
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
AcknowledgementAcknowledgement
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Strong PartnershipStrong Partnership
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Strong PartnershipStrong Partnership
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Thanks to A&T TeamThanks to A&T Team
Cathy JonesCathy JonesDr. Alton ThompsonDr. Alton Thompson
Dr. Carolyn TurnerDr. Carolyn Turner
Dr. Carolyn MeyersDr. Carolyn MeyersDr. Dr. RadhaRadhaLavonne MatthewsLavonne MatthewsAdonica WilliamsAdonica WilliamsEric BowdenEric BowdenScott HummelScott Hummel
Ted LittleTed LittleDonna EatonDonna EatonVernon ShanksVernon ShanksLaurie Laurie GengerbachGengerbachAlton FranklinAlton FranklinRobin AdamsRobin Adams
And many And many moremore
Dr. G.B. ReddyDr. G.B. Reddy
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Thanks to VT TeamThanks to VT Team
Dr. Theo DillahaDr. Theo DillahaDr. S.K. Dr. S.K. DedattaDedatta Dr. Keith MooreDr. Keith Moore Mr. John LipovskyMr. John Lipovsky
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Thanks ..ThanksThanks ..Thanks
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Thanks to USAIDThanks to USAID--DCDC
Mr. Chris KosnikMr. Chris KosnikDr. Mary Dr. Mary MelnyckMelnyck
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Thanks to USAID MISSIONS Thanks to USAID MISSIONS VietnamVietnam
Dennis ZvinakisDennis ZvinakisHanh Do HongHanh Do Hong David David BrunnelBrunnel
Thanh LoanThanh Loan
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Thanks to USAID MISSIONS Thanks to USAID MISSIONS IndonesiaIndonesia
Mr. Prijanto Santoso Mr. Prijanto Santoso and his Teamand his Team
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Thanks to USAID MISSIONS Thanks to USAID MISSIONS PhilippinesPhilippines
Daniel Moore Daniel Moore Bob WuertzBob Wuertz
Jocelyn DawayJocelyn DawayRowena Vazquez Rowena Vazquez
FerFer EsguerraEsguerra
ECOGOVECOGOV
Mark Ramirez Mark Ramirez
GEMGEM
Jasmin AgbonJasmin Agbon
Oliver AgoncilloOliver Agoncillo
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
US Universities, US Universities, International International
Institutions and Institutions and Private PartnerPrivate Partner
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
US Universities with subUS Universities with sub-- awardsawards
•• University of CaliforniaUniversity of California--BerkeleyBerkeleyDr. Robin Marsh
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
US Universities with no subUS Universities with no sub-- awards awards –– but with travel supportbut with travel support
•• Virginia TechVirginia TechDr. Conrad
Heatwole
•• Texas A&M Texas A&M UniversityUniversityDr. R. Srinivasan
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
US Universities with no monetary US Universities with no monetary supportsupport
•• Purdue UniversityPurdue UniversityDr. Gerald Shively
(Bridging Grant- USAID)
•• University of University of CaliforniaCalifornia--DavisDavisDr. Howard Shapiro
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Australian UniversityAustralian University
•• Central Central Queensland Queensland UniversityUniversityDr. David
Midmore
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
International Agriculture International Agriculture Research CentersResearch Centers
•• AVRDCAVRDC--The The World World Vegetable Vegetable CenterCenter
Dr. Manuel Palada
Dr. Mubarik Ali
Dr. Greg Luther
Dr. Flordeliza FaustinoDr. Liwayway Engle
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
International Agriculture International Agriculture Research CentersResearch Centers
Dr. Rodel Lasco
Mr. James Roshetko
Dr. Meine Van Noordwijk
Dr. Joshi Laxman
INDONESIAINDONESIA
PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINES
Dr. Delia Catacutan
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Private partner no monetary Private partner no monetary supportsupport
Dr. Howard ShapiroDr. Howard Shapiro
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
InterInter--CRSPCRSP•• IPMIPM--CRSPCRSP
– Dr. Michael HammigClemson University
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
ConsultantConsultant
Dr. Ronald Dr. Ronald MorseMorse
Professor Professor Emeritus Emeritus –– Virginia Virginia TechTech Pioneered noPioneered no--till vegetable till vegetable
production in the USAproduction in the USA
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
VIP UniversitiesVIP Universities
V V -- VietnamVietnam
I I -- IndonesiaIndonesia
PP -- PhilippinesPhilippines
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
VietnamVietnam
Vietnam team June 2, 2005Vietnam team June 2, 2005
Dr. Dang Ha and his Dr. Dang Ha and his teamteam
NongNong Lam Lam UniversityUniversity
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
IndonesiaIndonesia•• Bogor Agricultural UniversityBogor Agricultural University
Dr. Purwoko BambangDr. Purwoko Bambang
Dr. Anas SusilaDr. Anas Susila
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Philippine UniversitiesPhilippine Universities
Dr. Ma. Ellen Javier
Dr. and Dean Victor Ella
Dr. and Dean Vicky Espaldon
Dr. Jean Saludadez
Dr. & Director Agnes Rola
Paul Catalan
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
VIP TeamsVIP TeamsV V -- VietnamVietnam
I I -- IndonesiaIndonesia
PP -- PhilippinesPhilippines
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
VietnamVietnam
TMPEGS Vietnam May 12, 2006TMPEGS Vietnam May 12, 2006
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
IndonesiaIndonesia
TMPEGS Indonesia May 2, 2006TMPEGS Indonesia May 2, 2006
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
PhilippinesPhilippines
TMPEGS Philippines May 18, 2006TMPEGS Philippines May 18, 2006
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
VIP FarmersVIP FarmersV V -- VietnamVietnam
I I -- IndonesiaIndonesia
PP -- PhilippinesPhilippines
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
VietnamVietnam
Vietnamese farmers May 11, 2006Vietnamese farmers May 11, 2006
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
IndonesianIndonesian
Indonesian farmers May 4, 2006Indonesian farmers May 4, 2006
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
PhilippinesPhilippines
Philippine farmers May 17 Philippine farmers May 17 to 18, 2006to 18, 2006
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
OutlineOutline1.1.Problem StatementProblem Statement2.2. ObjectivesObjectives3.3. LocationLocation4.4. MethodologyMethodology5.5. Questions and DiscussionsQuestions and Discussions
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Problem StatementProblem StatementCommunities in Communities in many forest and many forest and vegetable producing vegetable producing watersheds in watersheds in Southeast Asia are Southeast Asia are suffering from suffering from poverty, and forest, poverty, and forest, soil and water soil and water resources resources degradationdegradation
NghiaNghia TrungTrung, , BudangBudang District, District, Binh Phuoc Province VietnamBinh Phuoc Province Vietnam
May 11, 2006
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Problem StatementProblem StatementCommunities in Communities in many forest and many forest and vegetable producing vegetable producing watersheds in watersheds in Southeast Asia are Southeast Asia are suffering from suffering from poverty, and forest, poverty, and forest, soil and water soil and water resources resources degradationdegradation NanggungNanggung, Indonesia, Indonesia
May 3, 2006
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Problem StatementProblem StatementCommunities in Communities in many forest and many forest and vegetable producing vegetable producing watersheds in watersheds in Southeast Asia are Southeast Asia are suffering from suffering from poverty, and forest, poverty, and forest, soil and water soil and water resources resources degradationdegradation LantapanLantapan, Philippines, Philippines
June 9, 2005
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
ResponseResponse
““TeaMPEGSTeaMPEGS””
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
PEGPEGA pin forming a A pin forming a
projection that may be projection that may be used as a support or used as a support or boundary markerboundary marker
TMPEGS Philosophy:TMPEGS Philosophy:To be a support to small To be a support to small
scale farmers both scale farmers both women and men women and men
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
OutlineOutline1.1. Problem StatementProblem Statement
2.2.ObjectivesObjectives3.3. LocationLocation4.4. MethodologyMethodology5.5. Help & Questions!!!Help & Questions!!!
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TTMPEGSMPEGS
echnologyechnology
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TTMMPEGSPEGS
arketingarketing
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMTMPPEGSEGS
olicyolicy
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPTMPEEGSGSnvironmentalnvironmental &&conomicconomic--social impactsocial impact
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPETMPEGGSS
enderender
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGTMPEGSS
calingcaling--upup
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Repeat ObjectivesRepeat Objectives
““TeaMPEGSTeaMPEGS””
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TTMPEGSMPEGS
echnologyechnology
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TTMMPEGSPEGS
arketingarketing
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMTMPPEGSEGS
olicyolicy
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPTMPEEGSGSnvironmentalnvironmental &&conomicconomic--social impactsocial impact
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPETMPEGGSS
enderender
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGTMPEGSS
calingcaling--upup
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSTTechnologyechnology::
Develop economically viable and ecologically-sound vegetable-agroforestry (VAF) systems
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSTTechnologyechnology::
Develop economically viable and ecologically- sound vegetable- agroforestry (VAF) systems
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
+reduction of negative effects through silvicultural management
N2 - fixation C02 - fixation
Yield of control
tree-crop nutrient transfer through pruning and roots and nodules turn-over.
leaching of nutrients to lower depths 0 - 100 cm depth
> 100 cm depth
uptake from saftey netzone+
fertility, micro-climae, erosion control, nutrient pumping, safety-net, C inputs
=+competition: light, water nutrient=-
-- vegetable (e.g. cabbage)
Quantification of optimum tree Quantification of optimum tree spacing for vegetable spacing for vegetable productionproduction
Competition:Competition:••LightLight••NutrientNutrient••WaterWater
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
NanggungNanggung, Indonesia, IndonesiaMay 3, 2006
TTechnologyechnology::Develop economically viable and ecologically- sound vegetable- agroforestry (VAF) systems
TMPEGSTMPEGS
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSTTechnologyechnology::
Develop economically viable and ecologically- sound vegetable- agroforestry (VAF) systems
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSMMarketingarketing::
Develop a market value chain at the local, regional, and national levels that builds upon existing marketing strategies.
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSMMarketingarketing::
Develop a market value chain at the local, regional, and national levels that builds upon existing marketing strategies.
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSMMarketingarketing::
Develop a market value chain at the local, regional, and national levels that builds upon existing marketing strategies.
NanggungNanggung, Indonesia,, Indonesia,May 4, 2006May 4, 2006
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSPPolicyolicy::
Identify policy options and institutional frameworks that promote sustainability of vegetable- agroforestry production and reward environmental services
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSPPolicyolicy::
Identify policy options and institutional frameworks that promote sustainability of vegetable- agroforestry production and reward environmental services
NghiaNghia TrungTrung WatershedWatershed
Drains to Ho Chi Minh CityDrains to Ho Chi Minh City
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSEEnvironmental and Socionvironmental and Socio--economiceconomic::
Assess the short and long-term environmental and socio- economic impacts of integrated vegetable-agroforestry systems
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSEEnvironmental and nvironmental and SocioSocio--economiceconomic::
Assess the short and long-term environmental and socio-economic impacts of integrated vegetable-agroforestry systems
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSEEnvironmental nvironmental and Socioand Socio-- economiceconomic::
Assess the short and long-term environmental and socio-economic impacts of integrated vegetable-agroforestry
systems
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSGGenderender::
Provide mechanisms to ensure women’s involvement in decision-making and sustainable production and marketing practices to improve their socioeconomic wellbeing within the VAF system.
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSGGenderender::
Provide mechanisms to ensure women’s involvement in decision- making and sustainable production and marketing practices to improve their socioeconomic wellbeing within the VAF system.
Something is wrong!!!!!!Something is wrong!!!!!!
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSGGenderender::
Provide mechanisms to ensure women’s involvement in decision- making and sustainable production and marketing practices to improve their socioeconomic wellbeing within the VAF system.
Something is wrong!!!!!!Something is wrong!!!!!!
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSGGenderender::
Provide mechanisms to ensure women’s involvement in decision- making and sustainable production and marketing practices to improve their socioeconomic wellbeing within the VAF system.
Something is wrong!!!!!!Something is wrong!!!!!!
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSGGenderender::
Provide mechanisms to ensure women’s involvement in decision- making and sustainable production and marketing practices to improve their socioeconomic wellbeing within the VAF system.
Something is wrong!!!!!!Something is wrong!!!!!!
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSGGenderender::
Provide mechanisms to ensure women’s involvement in decision-making and sustainable production and marketing practices to improve their socioeconomic wellbeing within the VAF system.
Something is wrong!!!!!!Something is wrong!!!!!!
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSGGenderender::
Provide mechanisms to ensure women’s involvement in decision- making and sustainable production and marketing practices to improve their socioeconomic wellbeing within the VAF system.
Something is wrong!!!!!!Something is wrong!!!!!!
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSGGenderender::
Provide mechanisms to ensure women’s involvement in decision- making and sustainable production and marketing practices to improve their socioeconomic wellbeing within the VAF system.
Something is Right!!!!!!Something is Right!!!!!!
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSSScalingcaling--upup::
Build host country capacity to manage and disseminate integrated vegetable- agroforestry system
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
TMPEGSTMPEGSSScalingcaling--upup::
Build host country capacity to manage and disseminate integrated vegetable- agroforestry system
AVRDCAVRDC’’ss Indigenous Indigenous Vegetable Vegetable GermplasmGermplasm
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
OutlineOutline1.1. Concise Problem StatementConcise Problem Statement2.2. ObjectivesObjectives
3.3.LocationLocation4.4. MethodologyMethodology5.5. Questions and DiscussionsQuestions and Discussions
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
VietnamVietnam
Binh Binh PhoucPhouc ProvinceProvince
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
VietnamVietnam
VAF:VAF:Cacao and Cacao and VegetablesVegetables
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
IndonesiaIndonesia••NanggungNanggung SubSub--DistrictDistrict
••Near JakartaNear Jakarta
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
IndonesiaIndonesia••NanggungNanggung SubSub-- DistrictDistrict
••Near JakartaNear Jakarta
VAF:VAF:HomeHome--gardengarden
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Indonesia SiteIndonesia Site
Chose Chose NanggungNanggung to be the to be the research siteresearch siteComplementary with a
previously funded USAID project
Kebun – ‘home garden setting’
PasirPasir SaronggeSaronggeIf additional funds are
provided, scale-up site
Dr. Susila – farmer – Sweet potato
Farmer proudly showing his new home
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
PhilippinesPhilippines••LantapanLantapan, , BukidnonBukidnon
••Island of Island of MindanaoMindanao
VAF:VAF:AlleyAlley--CroppingCropping
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Philippines site
Chose Chose LantapanLantapan, , BukidnonBukidnon, , Mindanao as project site. Mindanao as project site. This is complementary with a This is complementary with a USAID funded USAID funded ‘‘Growth with Growth with Equity in MindanaoEquity in Mindanao’’ projectproject
If additional funds are available If additional funds are available scale up site, adjoining scale up site, adjoining vegetable growing vegetable growing communities in Mt. communities in Mt. KitangladKitanglad Range Natural Park, Range Natural Park, BukidnonBukidnon ProvinceProvince
Jasmin Agbon and Northern Mindanao Vegetable Association President Remotigue
Farmer proudly showing his vegetable plots
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Alley CroppingAlley Cropping
Vegetable Agroforestry (VAF) systems is inevitably the most Vegetable Agroforestry (VAF) systems is inevitably the most appropriate technology for the uplands to enhance the productiviappropriate technology for the uplands to enhance the productivity, ty, profitability and protective functions of vegetable production sprofitability and protective functions of vegetable production system in a ystem in a sustainable manner, while reducing production risks and environmsustainable manner, while reducing production risks and environmental ental hazards of vegetable production system. hazards of vegetable production system.
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
OutlineOutline1.1. Concise Problem StatementConcise Problem Statement2.2. ObjectivesObjectives3.3. LocationLocation
4.4.MethodologyMethodology5.5. Questions and DiscussionsQuestions and Discussions
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
MethodologyMethodologyOrganizational Structure:Organizational Structure:
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
MethodologyMethodology
•• Rapid Assessment SurveyRapid Assessment Survey•• Baseline SurveyBaseline Survey
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
MethodologyMethodology
Menu of Technology some of which are:Menu of Technology some of which are:•• VegetableVegetable--AgroforestryAgroforestry•• Improved and indigenous vegetablesImproved and indigenous vegetables•• Drip irrigationDrip irrigation•• Integrated Pest ManagementIntegrated Pest Management•• NoNo--tilltill
****VIDIN Technologies********VIDIN Technologies****
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
MethodologyMethodology
Menu of Technology some of which are:Menu of Technology some of which are:•• VegetableVegetable--AgroforestryAgroforestry•• Improved and indigenous vegetablesImproved and indigenous vegetables•• Drip irrigationDrip irrigation•• Integrated Pest ManagementIntegrated Pest Management•• NoNo--tilltill
Not all these Not all these technologies may apply technologies may apply in a country and we may in a country and we may find out none of them find out none of them may apply in a countrymay apply in a country
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
MethodologyMethodology
•• Determine our intervention Determine our intervention technologiestechnologies
•• Conduct experiments in Conduct experiments in farmer fieldsfarmer fields
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
OutlineOutline1.1. Problem StatementProblem Statement2.2. ObjectivesObjectives3.3. LocationLocation4.4. MethodologyMethodology
5.5.Help, Questions and Help, Questions and DiscussionsDiscussions
North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University
Help, Questions and Help, Questions and DiscussionsDiscussions
Thanks!!!!Thanks!!!!