Sustainable Energy Systems Sustainable Energy Systems EngineeringEngineering

Peter GevorkianPeter Gevorkian

Brevard Community CollegeBrevard Community College

ETP1401ETP1401

Bruce HesherBruce Hesher

Ch 5: LEED Ch 5: LEED LLeadership in eadership in EEnergy and nergy and

EEnvironmental nvironmental DDesignesign

Energy Use and EnvironmentEnergy Use and Environment

In ancient times, fire was the most significant man made pollution source. Most energy was from non-polluting sources such as moving water, wind, and animal power.

When the industrial revolution arrived fossil fuels began to be used for energy. Also population increased dramatically. Pollution and large transfers of money for energy resulted.

Energy and ProductionEnergy and Production

Most manufacturing is powered by electricity made from fossil fuels. Material production from raw materials requires more processing/energy than from recycled materials.

Products made from Products made from recycled materials such as recycled materials such as plastic, wood, water, paper, plastic, wood, water, paper, and metals require less and metals require less energy, create less pollution, energy, create less pollution, and and cost lesscost less..

Many construction building products are made from Many construction building products are made from recycled materials. recycled materials.

Office BuildingsOffice Buildings

Buildings consume 40% of Buildings consume 40% of our energyour energy11. Although no one . Although no one building type dominates the building type dominates the commercial buildings sector, commercial buildings sector, office buildings are the most office buildings are the most common and account for more common and account for more than 800,000 buildings or 17 than 800,000 buildings or 17 percent of total commercial percent of total commercial buildings. Offices comprise buildings. Offices comprise more than 12 billion square feet more than 12 billion square feet of floor space, 17 percent of of floor space, 17 percent of total commercial floor space, total commercial floor space, the most of any building type.the most of any building type.

Office buildings Office buildings consume 360 billion consume 360 billion KWH annually.KWH annually.

Chronology U.S. Federal Government - 1776The Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787

Department of Energy: Formed August 8, 1977

in response to the energy crisis (Arab oil embargo of 1973).

U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)Founded in 1993, is a non-profit trade organization that promotes sustainability in how buildings are designed, built, and operated

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)The USGBC’s LEED green building certification system is the preeminent program for rating the design, construction and operation of green buildings.

USGBCUSGBC

The U.S. Green Building Council The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)(USGBC) is a Washington, D.C.-based is a Washington, D.C.-based 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization committed to a prosperous and sustainable future for our nation through cost-efficient and energy-saving green buildings.

See See USGBC.

USGBC works toward its mission of USGBC works toward its mission of market transformationmarket transformation through its LEED green building certification program, robust through its LEED green building certification program, robust educational offerings, a nationwide network of chapters and educational offerings, a nationwide network of chapters and affiliates, the annual Greenbuild International Conference & affiliates, the annual Greenbuild International Conference & Expo, and advocacy in support of public policy that Expo, and advocacy in support of public policy that encourages and enables green buildings and communities.encourages and enables green buildings and communities.

State of California Green Building State of California Green Building Action PlanAction Plan

An effort enacted by executive order via S-20-04 to An effort enacted by executive order via S-20-04 to reduce the cost of building operation. reduce the cost of building operation. Applied to new state Applied to new state owned or operated buildings built and retrofits over 10K ftowned or operated buildings built and retrofits over 10K ft2.2.

Buildings are required to meet LEED silver rating or better.Buildings are required to meet LEED silver rating or better.

All state government buildings are required to reduce grid All state government buildings are required to reduce grid purchases by 20% by 2025.purchases by 20% by 2025.

Is it wise to mandate technological Is it wise to mandate technological improvement ?improvement ?

LEEDLEED

The LEED® green building certification The LEED® green building certification programprogram is a is a voluntaryvoluntary, consensus-based , consensus-based national rating system for buildings designed, national rating system for buildings designed, constructed and operated for improved constructed and operated for improved environmental and human health performance. environmental and human health performance.

LEED addresses all building types and emphasizes state-LEED addresses all building types and emphasizes state-of-the-art strategies in five areas: of-the-art strategies in five areas:

• sustainable site development, sustainable site development, • water savings, water savings, • energy efficiency, energy efficiency, • materials and resources materials and resources

selection, selection, • indoor environmental quality.indoor environmental quality.See the LEED rating systems See the LEED rating systems

LEED Accredited ProfessionalLEED Accredited Professional

LEED Professional Credentials (LEED AP LEED Professional Credentials (LEED AP and Green Associate)and Green Associate) recognize recognize professionals who have demonstrated a professionals who have demonstrated a thorough understanding of green building thorough understanding of green building techniques, the LEED green building rating techniques, the LEED green building rating systems, and the certification process. systems, and the certification process.

The LEED Professional Credentials program is The LEED Professional Credentials program is administered by the Green Building Certification administered by the Green Building Certification Institute (Institute (GBCIGBCI), which was established with the ), which was established with the support of USGBC to allow for objective, balanced support of USGBC to allow for objective, balanced management of the credential program.management of the credential program.

LEED Sustainable Site Credits LEED Sustainable Site Credits p132p132

Prerequisites:Prerequisites:

• Construction activity pollution preventionConstruction activity pollution prevention: Reduce top soil erosion and adverse : Reduce top soil erosion and adverse impact to surrounding air & water quality.impact to surrounding air & water quality.

Credits:Credits:

• Site SelectionSite Selection: Avoid sites that would cause negative environmental impact. : Avoid sites that would cause negative environmental impact. Prime farm land, sites less than 5ft above sea level, etc.Prime farm land, sites less than 5ft above sea level, etc.

• Development DensityDevelopment Density: Preserve green fields by promoting high density urban : Preserve green fields by promoting high density urban areas.areas.

• Brownfield RedevelopmentBrownfield Redevelopment: Use & develop land that was previously : Use & develop land that was previously contaminated. contaminated.

• Alternative TransportationAlternative Transportation: Reduce traffic congestion and air pollution.: Reduce traffic congestion and air pollution.

• Site DevelopmentSite Development: Preserve habitats and promote bio-diversity. : Preserve habitats and promote bio-diversity.

• Storm Water managementStorm Water management: Prevent disruption of natural water flow.: Prevent disruption of natural water flow.

• Heat Island EffectHeat Island Effect: Reduce micro-climate effects between building and : Reduce micro-climate effects between building and surrounding area.surrounding area.

• Light pollution ReductionLight pollution Reduction: Keep light limited to the site.: Keep light limited to the site.

LEED Water Efficiency Measures Credits LEED Water Efficiency Measures Credits p134p134

Credits:Credits:

• Water-efficient LandscapingWater-efficient Landscaping: Minimize use of potable : Minimize use of potable water for landscaping purposes.water for landscaping purposes.

• Innovative Water TechnologiesInnovative Water Technologies: reduce demand for : reduce demand for potable water.potable water.

• Water Use ReductionWater Use Reduction: reduce water usage and demand : reduce water usage and demand on municipal water sources.on municipal water sources.

LEED Energy and Atmosphere CreditsLEED Energy and Atmosphere Creditsp135p135

Prerequisites:Prerequisites:

• Fundamental commissioning of building energy systemsFundamental commissioning of building energy systems. Verify project . Verify project design goals.design goals.

• Minimum Energy PerformanceMinimum Energy Performance. Establish a minimum energy efficiency . Establish a minimum energy efficiency standard for the building.standard for the building.

• Fundamental refrigerant managementFundamental refrigerant management. Reduce ozone depleting . Reduce ozone depleting refrigerants. refrigerants.

LEED Energy and Atmosphere CreditsLEED Energy and Atmosphere Creditsp135p135

Credits:Credits:

Optimize Energy PerformanceOptimize Energy Performance: Increase energy performance above the : Increase energy performance above the prerequisite standard in order to reduce environmental impacts.prerequisite standard in order to reduce environmental impacts.

On-site Renewable EnergyOn-site Renewable Energy: Encourage use of sustainable and : Encourage use of sustainable and renewable energy.renewable energy.

Additional CommissioningAdditional Commissioning: An enforcement measure to verify that a : An enforcement measure to verify that a building is constructed and performs within its expected parameters.building is constructed and performs within its expected parameters.

Enhanced Refrigerant ManagementEnhanced Refrigerant Management: Involve installation of HVAC, : Involve installation of HVAC, refrigeration, and fire suppression equipment that does not use hydro refrigeration, and fire suppression equipment that does not use hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) agents. chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) agents.

Measure and VerificationMeasure and Verification: Optimize building energy consumption and : Optimize building energy consumption and provide a measure of accountability.provide a measure of accountability.

Green PowerGreen Power: Encourage purchase of power made from green sources.: Encourage purchase of power made from green sources.

LEED Material and Resources CreditsLEED Material and Resources Creditsp137p137

Prerequisites:Prerequisites:

• Storage and Collection of RecyclablesStorage and Collection of Recyclables: Promote recycling of construction : Promote recycling of construction waste material.waste material.

Credits:Credits:

• Building ReuseBuilding Reuse: Promote reuse of materials already on-site.: Promote reuse of materials already on-site.

• Construction Waste ManagementConstruction Waste Management: recycle demolition and land clearing : recycle demolition and land clearing materials.materials.

• Material ReuseMaterial Reuse: Use recycled materials for new construction.: Use recycled materials for new construction.

• Recycled Content: Recycled Content:

• Regional MaterialsRegional Materials: Promote use of locally made products.: Promote use of locally made products.

• Rapidly renewable MaterialsRapidly renewable Materials: Promote use of rapidly renewable materials.: Promote use of rapidly renewable materials.

• Certified WoodCertified Wood: Promote use of wood as a construction material.: Promote use of wood as a construction material.

LEED Indoor Environmental Quality CreditsLEED Indoor Environmental Quality Credits p139

Prerequisites:Prerequisites:

• Minimum Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) PerformanceMinimum Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Performance: To : To promote health and welfare of occupants. promote health and welfare of occupants.

• Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) ControlEnvironmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control: : Mandates dedicated smoking areas that remove the Mandates dedicated smoking areas that remove the smoke from the building.smoke from the building.

• Daylight and Views:Daylight and Views:

LEED Indoor Environmental Quality CreditsLEED Indoor Environmental Quality Credits p139p139

Credits:Credits:

Outdoor Air Delivery MonitoringOutdoor Air Delivery Monitoring: Monitor and notify if air quality : Monitor and notify if air quality deteriorates.deteriorates.

Increased VentilationIncreased Ventilation: Intended for HVAC systems to promote outdoor : Intended for HVAC systems to promote outdoor fresh air circulation. fresh air circulation.

Construction (IAQ) air quality management planConstruction (IAQ) air quality management plan: manage air quality : manage air quality during construction. during construction.

Low emitting materialsLow emitting materials: Reduce indoor air contaminant from airborne : Reduce indoor air contaminant from airborne particles.particles.

Indoor Chemical and Pollutant source ControlIndoor Chemical and Pollutant source Control: Prevent air and water : Prevent air and water contamination by pollutants.contamination by pollutants.

Controllability of SystemsControllability of Systems: Provide localized distributed control of : Provide localized distributed control of ventilation, air conditioning, and lighting.ventilation, air conditioning, and lighting.

Thermal ComfortThermal Comfort: Measure and provide environmental comfort for : Measure and provide environmental comfort for occupants of building.occupants of building.

Daylight and ViewsDaylight and Views: Promote architectural space and maximum outdoor : Promote architectural space and maximum outdoor views and interior sunlight.views and interior sunlight.

Greenbuild International Conference & Expo

Greenbuild is the world’s largest conference and Greenbuild is the world’s largest conference and exposition dedicated to green building. Launched in 2002, it exposition dedicated to green building. Launched in 2002, it has quickly become the can’t-miss event for the green has quickly become the can’t-miss event for the green building industry. Each year, tens of thousands of building industry. Each year, tens of thousands of professionals from all over the world are drawn to professionals from all over the world are drawn to Greenbuild by outstanding educational sessions and Greenbuild by outstanding educational sessions and speakers, green building tours, special seminars and speakers, green building tours, special seminars and networking events, and a huge exhibit hall featuring the networking events, and a huge exhibit hall featuring the newest products and technologies.newest products and technologies.

See See http://www.greenbuildexpo.org/Home.aspx http://www.greenbuildexpo.org/Home.aspx

NREL LEED Platinum Plus Office BuildingNREL LEED Platinum Plus Office Building

In 2010 NREL in Golden Co. moved into their new LEED In 2010 NREL in Golden Co. moved into their new LEED Platinum Plus office building. It is intended to save money Platinum Plus office building. It is intended to save money through reduced operating costs and serve as a test lab for through reduced operating costs and serve as a test lab for office building design. It has many innovations and a office building design. It has many innovations and a lotlot of of building monitoring. building monitoring.

Energy Efficient windows & siding on South facing wall

Windows on North side designed to let in maximum light and keep heat in.

Employees are encouraged to use public transportation to & Employees are encouraged to use public transportation to & from work. Cars can be parked under building in winter but, in from work. Cars can be parked under building in winter but, in summer they are parked outside.summer they are parked outside.

NREL LEED Platinum Plus Office BuildingNREL LEED Platinum Plus Office Building

Windows automatically darken in direct sunlight to keep heat out.

Employees work in cubicles Employees work in cubicles with low walls for better air with low walls for better air circulation. Each person is circulation. Each person is allowed allowed 75W75W total. LED total. LED lighting and low power laptops lighting and low power laptops are used.are used.

LA Audubon CenterLA Audubon Center

The Audubon Center at Debs Park in Los Angeles is a The Audubon Center at Debs Park in Los Angeles is a cutting-edge green building that is a model of sustainable cutting-edge green building that is a model of sustainable architecture. It was certified as the nation’s first LEED architecture. It was certified as the nation’s first LEED Platinum building from the U.S. Green Building Council, the Platinum building from the U.S. Green Building Council, the nation’s leading authority on sustainable building practices.nation’s leading authority on sustainable building practices.

TriCom Office Building TriCom Office Building p146p146

Once certified, The Tricom Building will be the first LEED Once certified, The Tricom Building will be the first LEED certified building in Pasadena and sets an ambitious standard certified building in Pasadena and sets an ambitious standard for energy and resource efficient commercial buildings.for energy and resource efficient commercial buildings.

The Art Deco Design offers the comfort and amenities of The Art Deco Design offers the comfort and amenities of executive offices as well as warehouse and showroom space.executive offices as well as warehouse and showroom space.

The Tricom Building The Tricom Building anticipates receiving anticipates receiving LEED certification by the LEED certification by the U.S. Green Building U.S. Green Building Council. Council.

Warehouse Rochester New York Warehouse Rochester New York (LEED gold rated facility)(LEED gold rated facility)

p147 p147

Roof integrated solar panelsRoof integrated solar panels: 23.1KW total: 23.1KW total

DC fluorescent ballastsDC fluorescent ballasts: 13.7KW used for lighting.: 13.7KW used for lighting. rest of PV array power converted to AC for generalrest of PV array power converted to AC for general use or sale back to utility. No inverter losses for use or sale back to utility. No inverter losses for lighting.lighting.

Occupancy sensors: Occupancy sensors: turn lights off when no one there.turn lights off when no one there.

Daylight sensorsDaylight sensors: Drop power to lights from 1.1W/m: Drop power to lights from 1.1W/m22 to to 0.74W/m0.74W/m22 when sky lights provide some natural light. when sky lights provide some natural light.

Water and Life Museum Water and Life Museum A LEEDA LEEDTMTM-rated Sustainable Project-rated Sustainable Project

p151p151

Sustainable SitesSustainable Sites: Built on Excess property from a dam : Built on Excess property from a dam construction. Small building footprint allows open land.construction. Small building footprint allows open land.

Water EfficiencyWater Efficiency: Native vegetation and drip irrigation .: Native vegetation and drip irrigation .

Energy and AtmosphereEnergy and Atmosphere: Low energy design (good use of : Low energy design (good use of shading etc.shading etc.

Mechanical SystemMechanical System: Radiant flooring for both heating & : Radiant flooring for both heating & cooling.cooling.

Solar Power GenerationSolar Power Generation: 549KW of PV on roof.: 549KW of PV on roof.

Materials and ResourcesMaterials and Resources: Built using local and recycled : Built using local and recycled construction materials.construction materials.

Innovation and Design ProcessInnovation and Design Process: Museum teaches energy : Museum teaches energy efficiency.efficiency.

Hearst Tower New YorkHearst Tower New Yorkp155p155

Built in 1927, remodeled in 2001. Retained 6 story façade of original building. Hearst Tower is the first green building Built in 1927, remodeled in 2001. Retained 6 story façade of original building. Hearst Tower is the first green building completed in New York City, with a number of environmental considerations built into the plan. The floor of the atrium completed in New York City, with a number of environmental considerations built into the plan. The floor of the atrium is paved with heat conductive limestone. Polyethylene tubing is embedded under the floor and filled with circulating is paved with heat conductive limestone. Polyethylene tubing is embedded under the floor and filled with circulating water for cooling in the summer and heating in the winter. Rain collected on the roof is stored in a tank in the water for cooling in the summer and heating in the winter. Rain collected on the roof is stored in a tank in the basement for use in the cooling system, to irrigate plants and for the water sculpture in the main lobby. The building basement for use in the cooling system, to irrigate plants and for the water sculpture in the main lobby. The building was constructed using 80% recycled steel. Overall, the building has been designed to use 25% less energy than the was constructed using 80% recycled steel. Overall, the building has been designed to use 25% less energy than the minimum requirements for the city of New York. First building to receive LEED Gold certification from the USGBC. minimum requirements for the city of New York. First building to receive LEED Gold certification from the USGBC.

See LEED points checklist on pages 156 & 7.See LEED points checklist on pages 156 & 7.

See pictures of Hearst Building onlineSee pictures of Hearst Building online

ConclusionConclusion

The main objective of LEED is a combination of energy-saving The main objective of LEED is a combination of energy-saving and environmental protection measures that are intended to and environmental protection measures that are intended to minimize the adverse effects of construction and development. minimize the adverse effects of construction and development. Some of the measures discussed represent a significant cost Some of the measures discussed represent a significant cost impact, the merits of which must be weighed and analyzed impact, the merits of which must be weighed and analyzed carefully. Architectural ideas for saving energy, making a carefully. Architectural ideas for saving energy, making a healthy building, and protecting resources are shared.healthy building, and protecting resources are shared.

Except for government buildings in California, LEED is a Except for government buildings in California, LEED is a voluntary program.voluntary program.