sustainable lighting ntu (philip harfield)
TRANSCRIPT
Philip Harfield 2014
Eco-innovation for critical materials in the lighting sector
Philip HarfieldSenior Project OfficerEcodesign Centre2014
Philip Harfield 2014
‘We make ecodesign happen through developing and delivering collaborative multi-sectoral ecodesign projects’.
Philip Harfield 2014
closed loop, zero waste, lifecycle thinking, resource efficiency, ecodesign, lean manufacture, eco-innovation, cradle to cradle, biomimicry, sustainable design, design for environment, five capitals, industrial ecology, circular economy…
Philip Harfield 2014
aim: decoupling impact from growth
image source www.flickr.com
Philip Harfield 2014
decoupling resource impact?
absolute decoupling ‘intrinsic to the survival of human civilisation’ (UNEP, 2011)
• Dr Fredrich Schmidt-Bleek material intensity should be reduced by factor of ten• EU - Policy measures / action planning / business incentives / research
image source: www.eea.europa.eu
Philip Harfield 2014
challenge: current practice is not enough!
futurenow
external
internal
Modifiedproducts
Alternate products
Alternate businessmodels
sustainableresponsibleleadership
Alternate ownership
models
New industrial systems
Philip Harfield 2014
Philip Harfield 2014
futurenow
external
internal
Modifiedproducts
Alternate products
sustainableresponsibleleadership
Alternate ownership
models
systemic change
radical change
incremental change
Alternate businessmodels
New industrial systems
Philip Harfield 2014
Philip Harfield 2014
challenge business as usual
product/service offer
companymanagement
futurenow
external
internal
Alternate products
sustainableresponsibleleadership
Alternate ownership
models Alternate businessmodels
New industrial systems
Q. vision/values/capacity/competence/finance
Philip Harfield 2014
challenge business as usual
product/service offer
companymanagement
institutional steer
infrastructural requirements
organisational structures
market engagement
futurenow
external
internal
‘innovation occurs within a context of inherent uncertainty’ (O’Rafferty 2013) Philip Harfield 2014
Philip Harfield 2014
higher-level requirements?
product/service offer
companymanagement
institutional steer
infrastructural requirements
organisational structures
market engagement
futurenow
external
internal
shift in product / service proposition
shift of Business Modelservice systems criteria
shift in level of systemsintegration
Product-service evolution / New solutions / Wider-scale application
non-technicalcollaborative
Philip Harfield 2014
Philip Harfield 2014
recovery
Collaboration across the lifecycleDemonstrate eco-innovation in LED technologies through decoupling critical material consumption from the economic potential of LED technologies.
cycling resources embedded in systems containing Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
Philip Harfield 2014
why LEDs: necessary complexity!
• 7 materials• Manufacturing energy 42MJ
(per 20M lumen-hours) • Use energy 60W
• 30+ materials (17 in LED chip)• Manufacturing energy 343 MJ
(per 20M lumen-hours) • Use energy 12.5W
(DOE 2012, DEFRA 2009)
Philip Harfield 2014
Sapphire, Gallium, Aluminium, Gold, Silver, Tin, Indium, Chromium, Platinum, Cerium, Europium, Terbium, Yttrium, Silicone Carbide, Silicon
Why LEDs: critical materials!
Indi
um -
13Tin - 40
1027 – Aluminium
61 - CopperGold - 45Zinc - 46
90 - Nickel
116 - TanatalumSil
ver-
29360 - Platinum
why: geological availability? (years supply)
(Source: Reller & Graedel, New Scientist 2007)
global issue – critical resources
Supply Risk Economic Importance ‘Low Carbon’
Environmental Risk Social Riskhttp://www.abc.net.au/www.flickr.com
http://www.reuters.com/
Philip Harfield 2014
manufacture
use
reuse
recovery
collection
assembly& marketpre-processing cycLED
material inputs
technical solutions
Philip Harfield 2014
manufacture
use
reuse
recovery
collection
pre-processing
external
eco-i
material inputs
assembly& market
external
internal (company)
tech solutions + non-tech = guidelines
Philip Harfield 2014
reuse
use
EoLsupply
make
sell
production consumption
form
assemble
finish
pack deliver
market
extract
process
deliver
re-sell
refurb
re-process
pre- process re-sell
buyreturn
repair
re-brandeco-i
Philip Harfield 2014
slow metabolism
valorize new business
opportunity
close resource loops
extended use cycle
reduce embedded impact
optimise design for resource efficiency validate new
consumption model
reuse
use
EoLsupply
make
sell
production consumption
form
assemble
finish
pack deliver
market
extract
process
deliver
re-sell
refurb
re-process
pre- process re-sell
buyreturn
repair
re-brandeco-i
Philip Harfield 2014
www.braun-lighting.com
http://www.ona.es/
http://www.etaplighting.com/
Industrial:Product Service System
Street-lighting:Servicability focus
Commercial (harsh environments): Extended life focus
Domestic/retail:End of Life focus (recovery)
Demonstrating eco-innovation
http://riva.sc/
Philip Harfield 2014
many eco-innovation challenges:• The rapid ‘innovation’ rate of LED technologies
inhibits long term thinking (controlled via IP)• Lifecycle uncertainty within design brief -
substitution vs. recycling (return on investment or extended payback)
• Technology foresight -hydro vs. pyro-metallurgy, market demand for eco-innovation
• Open innovation: competitive environment prevents collaboration between organisations
• Business resource requirements (finance, capabilities, competencies)
• Rebound - application ‘innovation’ may offset any efficiency gains?
barriers to change / adoption
Philip Harfield 2014
cycLED: first steps to possible solutions• Define the collaborative landscape:– pooled knowledge & solutions?– shared costs & value?– innovation platforms (within competitive arena)?
• Develop models & tools to valorize radical business model innovation (TCO vs. TVO)
• Develop evaluation criteria for successful eco-innovative products (success = product & systems value for Reusability, Recoverability, Durability, Dematerialization etc.)
• Development of technical design rules for critical resource efficient products & non-technical system rules for value chain!
Philip Harfield 2014
There are many design led ‘solutions’ promising much
• Optimised Product – resource conservation• Extended life product – resource consumption• Second life product – resource reuse• End of Life product - resource recovery
image: authors own
Philip Harfield 2014
lifecycle scenarioWhat use is technical longevity if:• The building requires a refit after 5 years wear and tear - lost
‘newness’• The hotel undertakes a rebrand or changes ownership - existing
lights are not inline with the incoming brand• The hotel moves and the building is to be converted into
apartments.Does this mean we need:• To offer ‘as new’ products underpinned by warrantees & incentives
(cash-back), explore durability & refurbishment strategies?• Business tools to quantifying / communicate value of transferable/
flexible ownership? • Develop the business case (company motivations) for repair
services requirements: CBA – resource (staff, equip), infrastructure (storage space), economies of scale (estimated quantities of reusable products/components), technological support (smart tags), additional service revenues (maintenance, control & monitoring)
Philip Harfield 2014
Opportunity to ‘sell’ more?Opportunity to ‘design’ more?
Doesn’t mean less work & fewer designer but designers that like industry & society, step-up the eco-innovation ladder!
Philip Harfield 2014
Philip HarfieldEcodesign CentreSenior Project [email protected]