sustainable procurement wood paper based products v3 intro

7/29/2019 Sustainable Procurement Wood Paper Based Products v3 Intro

1/40

Sustainable Procurement oWood and

Paper-based Products

An introductionVersion 3. Update December 2012


2/40

Contributing AuthorsRuth Noguern and Lars Laestadius, WRI;Bruce McIntyre, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Canada;Joe Lawson, MWV, Chair o the Value Chain Action Teamo the WBCSD Forest Solutions Group;Members o the WBCSD Forest Solutions Group.

The third edition update was led by Ruth Noguern, WRI.

Supported byFinancial support was provided by the WBCSD Forest Solutions Groupand Bank o America.

DisclaimerThis publication is released in the name o the World Business Council orSustainable Development (WBCSD) and the World Resource Institute (WRI).It is the result o a collaborative eort between WRI and WBCSD. It does notmean that WRI, WBCSD or every member endorse every concept or approachdescribed herein.

All inormation contained in this introduction, and more, is available atwww.SustainableForestProducts.org.

www.SustainableForestProducts.org


3/40

Forests play a critical role or the global environment, population, and economy. The orest-based sector employs 13.7 million workers, with a commercial output o about 1 percent othe global GDP. An estimated 500 million people depend on orests or their livelihoods, whilehundreds o thousands o businesses reply on them or iber and raw materials.

But with deorestation causing annual ecosystem losses valued at about US$ 2-5 trillion,businesses and citizens must take action now in order to maintain orests or the uture.One such action involves seeking out sustainably produced wood and paper-based goods.

The third edition o this guide seeks to help businesses understand the environmentaland social dimensions o sourcing wood and paper-based products. It incorporates the most

up-to-date developments on the legality o orest products, the latest advances in technologicaland data-management systems to trace and control orest product supply chains, and anexpanded overview o orest products social implications.

With this update, WRI and WBCSD continue our collaboration to scale up sustainable businessdecisions. Both large and small businesses need to be proactive in supporting sustainable orestmanagement and reversing deorestation via their procurement practices. This guide will helpdo just that.

We welcome your comments, questions, and opinions.

A message rom the Presidents othe World Resources Institute(WRI) and the World Business

Council or SustainableDevelopment (WBCSD)

Andrew D. Steer,President

WRI

Peter Bakker,President

WBCSD


4/40

SustainableProcurement oWood and Paper-based Products:An Introduction


5/40

3

Beyond the immediate and obvious consequenceso their purchases, concerned consumers, retailers,investors, communities and other groups want toknow how their buying decisions impact theenvironment and orest-based communities. They

also want to know whether the products they buyare produced sustainably. Will buying them todayadversely aect the availability o similar productsor environmental values or uture generations?

Questions surrounding sustainable procurementhave led organizations that buy wood and paper-based products to consider actors beyond thetraditional attributes o price, service, quality andavailability when making purchasing decisions.The environmental and social aspects o woodand pulp and paper products are becoming part

o the purchasing equation.

Numerous groups have developed tools,initiatives, projects and labels to promote and aidsustainable procurement o wood and paper-based products. However, organizations wantingto implement such a policy may not have theresources needed to ully sort through the myriadchoices available.

TheWorld Business Council or SustainableDevelopment and theWorld Resources Institutehave partnered to publish Sustainable Procurementof Wood and Paper-based Products: An Introductionto assist purchasing managers by:

Identiying the central issues aroundsustainable procurement o wood and paper-based products;

Providing a general overview on these issues;

Providing an overview o some o the tools,initiatives, programs and labels, and otherresources that have emerged to assistsustainable procurement.

This guide is a companion to the report SustainableProcurement of Wood and Paper-based Products:

Guide and Resource Kit. Inormation about how toobtain a copy o the complete guide can be oundat the end o this introductory document.

The growingdemand forsustainablyproduced woodand paper-basedgoods can lead toimproved forest

management.

Compared to other materials, wood

and paper-based goods produced in a

sustainable manner can be a wise

choice because:

They come rom a renewable resource trees, the product o sunlight, soil,nutrients and water.

They capture carbon throughphotosynthesis, trees take carbon dioxideout o the atmosphere and replace it withoxygen, mitigating greenhouse gasemissions. In sustainably managed oreststhe carbon released through harvesting isoset by that stored through regenerationand regrowth, making these orestscarbon neutral.

They store carbon over the long term solid wood, panel and other wood andpaper-based products can eectively store

carbon or decades or even centuries. They are recyclable they can be reused,

or converted into other products,extending their useul lie and adding tothe available resource pool o wood iber.

Sustainable procurement is the

process by which organizations buy

supplies and services taking into

consideration the best value or

money and the environmental and

social aspects that the product/service

has over its whole lie cycle

(Environmentally and SociallyResponsible Procurement WorkingGroup, 2007)1

This guide is or business executives who aresigniicant users and purchasers o pulp, paper,packaging, timber and wood-based products, andthat do not have in house orests and orestryexpertise.

Many tools, projects, initiatives and labels haveemerged over the past ew years to aid sustainableprocurement; those new to the subject may indthis prolieration o advice conusing. This guidehighlights and characterizes, or the irst time, aselected number o resources, and it provides acomprehensive overview o the issues central tosustainable procurement.

1 - Environmentally and Socially Responsible Procurement WorkingGroup. 2007. What Is Sustainable Procurement?Online at www.sustainableprocurement.net/home2.html (1/23/07).


6/40

The guide is designed as:

A decision support tool by providing simpleand clear inormation on existing approachesto the procurement o wood and paper-basedproducts rom legal and sustainable sources,as well as providing additional reerences andresource materials;

An inormation tool to help customers rameand ormulate their own sustainableprocurement policies or wood and paper-basedproducts; deining speciic requirements alignedwith core company values and building andmaintaining stakeholder conidence.

The inormation is organized around ten keyissues, posed as essential questions thatunderpin sustainable procurement:

4

10 key issues related to sustainable procuremento wood and paper-based products

Sourcing and legality aspects

OriginWhere do the products come rom?

Inormation accuracyIs inormation about the products credible?

LegalityHave the products been legally produced?

Environmental aspects

SustainabilityHave orests been sustainably managed?

Special orestsHave special orests been protected?

Climate changeHave climate issues been addressed?

Environmental protection

Have appropriate environmental controls been applied?

Recycled fberHas recycled fber been used appropriately?

Other resourcesHave other resources been used appropriately?

Social aspects

Local communities and indigenous peoplesHave the needs o local communities or indigenous peoples beenaddressed?


7/40

1.

Wood and paper-based products oten come romdeveloping regions and remote locations.Knowing the geographical origin o the products,and the type o manuacturing processes that

produced them, will help the procurementmanager make an initial assessment o severalkey issues:

Credibility o product inormation; Legality o sourcing; Use o sustainable orestry practices; Protection o special places; Consideration o workers and local

communities.

A supply chain (conversion o raw material toinished product) or wood and paper productscan be short, long, simple or complex. The raw

materials in a inished product may come rom avariety o sources, including temperate, boreal andtropical tree species. The manuacturing process

OriginWhere do the products come rom?

or paper products may source logs, wood chipsand recycled pulp rom numerous suppliers andlocations, making these supply chains even morecomplicated.

Several technological approaches are emerging tohelp trace and veriy the origin o the raw materialsin products. These approaches include the use oDNA, bar codes and iber analysis. At a minimum,buyers should request that suppliers providepertinent documentation such as harvestingpermits, bills o lading and other documents.Contracts can be used to trace products rom theirorigin in the orests and throughout themanuacturing process to ensure compliance withlaws. It may be appropriate to ask suppliers toimplement or contribute to special supply chain

management systems and controls to track theproduct origin throughout the supply chain.

2.

Some regions are at risk or poor orestmanagement or weak governance so companiessourcing wood products rom those areas mayconsider applying a greater degree o scrutinyand due diligence, such as with a certiied chain-

o-custody. Business, environmental groups, andlabor and trade organizations generally agreethat an independent, third-party veriication oorest operations to an acceptable standard isdesirable.

At the orest management level, voluntaryprograms enable producers to be certiiedagainst standards or sustainable orest

Inormation accuracyIs inormation about the products credible?

management. The two major global programsare the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and theProgramme or the Endorsement o ForestCertiication (PEFC).

In the manuacturing and distribution process,sel-reporting is a common source o inormation.Having environmental and social managementsystems in place typically generates acceptablelevels o inormation. These systems are designedto achieve continual perormance improvementby setting and monitoring goals and targets.They may even include some degree o third-party veriication.

3.

Illegal logging and associated trade is anythingthat occurs in violation o the legal ramework.Illegal activities can include harvesting withoutproper permission or permits, logging inprotected areas, logging protected species, ailureto pay taxes and ees, violations o human rights,corruption including raud, use o alse documentsused in harvesting, transport and trade. Illegallogging can result in loss o government revenues,unair competition, increased poverty anddestruction o important orest ecosystems.

Illegal logging has risen to the top o the

international orestry agenda over the past ive toten years. Demand or legally-sourced wood andpaper-based products in the global markets hasincreased due to changes in public and private

LegalityHave the products been legally produced?

procurement policies, as well as in traderegulations such as the 2008 amendment to theU.S. Lacey Act, the European Union Illegal TimberRegulation, and more recently, the AustralianIllegal Logging Prohibition.

Voluntary legality veriication systems haveemerged in response to the emergency o legalityrequirements in the global marketplace. TheEuropean Union is also working with a selectednumber o countries to build their capacity andstrenghten governance in their orest sectors. Toreduce the risk o purchasing illegally harvested and

produced wood-based products, procurementmanagers should identiy regions o higher risk anddevelop appropriate controls.

The incidenceof illegallyproduced wood

is usuallyestimated at8-10%of global woodproduction.

5


8/40

6

4.

In looking at orests, there are two majorconcerns: are orests being sustainably managed,and are they subject to deorestation orconversion?

Sustainable orest management

Sustainable orest management integrateseconomic, social and environmental aspects omanagement into an appropriate balance thatmeets the needs o todays society withoutjeopardizing uture generations. The economicaspect is a suitable mix o wood products andnon-wood products (plants, animals, etc.), thatdoes not diminish the productive capacity o theorest. Social aspects include respect or laborand indigenous rights, the health and saety oorest workers, sharing o economic beneits, andprotection o sites o spiritual or historic value.Environmental aspects can include soilprotection, biodiversity, maintenance o air andwater quality, and aesthetics. The appropriatebalance o these aspects will vary among regionsand contexts.

The voluntary certiication systems mentionedbeore have developed standards that spell outthe details o sustainable orest management ateither national or sub-national levels. Thesestandards have many similarities, but they also

have dierences that are considered importantby their respective constituencies. Environmentalorganizations tend to preer the FSC, whilelandowners and tenure holders tend to preerPEFC. The choice o systems varies by geography,and many orest companies are certiied toboth systems depending on the location otheir operations.

SustainabilityHave orests been sustainably managed?

Forest land use change and orest conversion

Land-use change (deorestation) happens whenorest land is converted to another use such asagriculture, mining, settlements, transportation

inrastructure, etc. Deorestation is largely ahistorical phenomenon in developed countries(with the exception o urban sprawl). In someplaces orests are even being re-established onabandoned agricultural lands. Deorestation is anongoing process in many developing regions.Logging concessions are oten converted toplantations o other crops, such as oil palm in Asiaor sugar beets in the Amazon. Industrial loggingcan sometimes cause deorestation inadvertently,when roads established or timber transportationopen up the land or human encroachment,leading to deorestation or severe degradation.

Forest conversion occurs when a natural orest istransormed into a highly controlled, intensivelymanaged orest, oten with the goal omaximizing wood production. It can involveintroduced tree species and changes in thehydrological and nutrient regime. Intensivelymanaged orests oten produce more iber perunit o land, but can have reduced ecosystemvalues, including biodiversity impacts. Theseimpacts can be mitigated through sustainableorest management.

Both deorestation and orest conversion caneither be legal and planned, or illegal andspontaneous. In either case it can becontroversial, and the procurement managerwho accepts wood rom either must be preparedto explain the basis or this policy.


9/40

7

5.

There are areas in the orest landscape withunique qualities that deserve special attentionor protection. The qualities that make a orest

special dier widely, e.g., it can be the homeo a rare or threatened species or type o orest.It can be critical in regulating water low orpreventing erosion. It may contain spiritual,recreational or other important values. Somequalities can be globally signiicant while othersare locally important. Special orests can existwithout having been discovered, and ar romall o them are legally protected. A realizationthat special orests are diicult or even impossibleto re-create has led to increased interest inthis issue.

While stakeholders generally agree on the above,there is no consensus on what constitutes a

Special orestsHave special orests been protected?

special orest, or the degree to which alandowner should be held responsible orprotecting such sites. This is a complex, ongoing,

and at times contentious discussion in whichdierences o opinion among public authorities,landowners, indigenous peoples, andenvironmental groups can be signiicant.

The status o wood rom legally protected areasis relatively straightorward, but setting a policyor areas without legal protection status can becomplex and contentious. There may bemarketplace pressures to discourage sourcingrom certain areas, as environmental groups seekto keep unprotected candidate special orests

rom being logged until their special qualitieshave been investigated and oicial protection hasbeen properly considered.

6.

Forests play a dual role in climate change by bothmitigating and contributing to it.

As trees grow, orests mitigate climate change by

removing carbon rom the atmosphere (carbonsequestration) and then storing it as biomass. Woodproducts also serve to store carbon throughout theirlietime and the amount o carbon stored inproducts is increasing by about 540 million tons oCO2 per year (NCASI 2007).2 Sustainably managedorests can also mitigate climate change byproviding biomass energy that can replace ossil-based uels. Biomass energy is undamentallydierent rom ossil uel energy because it recyclescarbon to the atmosphere, whereas ossil uelsintroduce new carbon. The orest industry is energy

intensive, pulp and paper production in particular,

Climate changeHave climate issues been addressed?

but meets much o its energy needs with biomass.As in other industries, the orest industry still reliesheavily on ossil uels or transportation.

Forests contribute to net carbon emissions whenthey are logged, converted or burned at a asterrate than they grow back. An estimated 24% oglobal carbon dioxide emissions are attributable toland-use change and orestry (Baumert et al2005).3 A sustainably managed orest landscapecan be considered relatively carbon neutral ilogging is balanced with re-growth.

Climate change can stress orests throughhigher mean annual temperatures, alteredprecipitation patterns, and more requent and

extreme weather events.

Forests play adual role inclimate change.They mitigate itthrough uptakeof carbon andwhen biomass

energy fromsustainablymanaged forestsreplaces fossilfuels. Woodproducts alsostore carbonthroughout theirlifetime. Forestscontribute to netcarbon emissionswhen they arelogged, destroyedor burned at afaster rate thanthey can growback.

2 National Council or Air and Stream Improvement, Inc (NCASI). 2007.The Greenhouse Gas and Carbon Profile of the Global Forest Products Industry.NCASI Special Report 07-02. Research Triangle Park, NC: NCASI. Online atwww.ncasi.org/publications/detail.aspx?id=2952 (8/27/07).

3 Baumert, K., T. Herzog, and J. Pershing. 2005. Navigating the Numbers:Greenhouse Gas Data and International Climate Policy. World ResourcesInstitute. Online at http://pd.wri.org/navigating_numbers.pd (8/21/07).


10/40

8

7.

Dierent types o pollution can occur at variouspoints along the wood products supply chain.

These include air emissions, solid waste, wateremissions and noise. Pulp bleaching is a potentialsource o pollution that has generated interestwith several stakeholders. The majority o papermanuacturers have phased out the use oelemental chlorine as a bleaching agent,although it is still used in some areas.

The law is the ormal reerence or acceptablelevels o emissions in a country. Some countries

Environmental protectionHave appropriate environmental controls been applied?

are more stringent in their regulationand enorcement o emissions than others.

A sustainable procurement policy may need tomeet and exceed legal requirements in somecases. Ways to reduce pollution can include: Increased equipment and process eiciency; Increased recycling o waste material; Improved chemical recovery; Implementation o an environmental

management system targeting continualprocess improvement.

Source reductiongoes beyondrecycling by

attempting toreduce negativeenvironmental

impacts

throughout theentire life cycleof the product.

Design,manufacturing,usage, sales and

final disposalare all part

of sourcereduction.

8.

Recycling is an important aspect o the wood-basedproducts supply chain. The paper industry is largelybased on the utilization o by-products. Low market-value trees, smaller tree sections and wood chips romsaw-mills are used or wood pulp, while other residuessuch as bark and sawdust are used or energy. Usingrecycled iber, in the appropriate grades, can reducethe increasing demand or iber rom orests andreduce methane emissions rom paper sent to landills.The use o recycled iber has become a signiicantcomplement to virgin iber, but a constant input ovirgin iber into the process will always be necessarybecause recycled wood ibers are typically worn outater ive to seven cycles, depending on the type oiber and products generated.

Recycling also has other limits. With proposerenvironmental controls, burning paper to replace oilmay be preerable in rural areas where a largeamount o energy or transportation is needed to

collect and deliver the iber to a mill that canaccommodate recycled iber. Non-wood ibers, such

Recycled iberHas recycled iber been used appropriately?

as hemp, straw and bagasse, can also be used orpapermaking. The challenges in large-scaleutilization o alternative ibers are signiicant, andinclude: Inconsistent availability due to seasonality and

transportation logistics; Potentially negative environmental side eects

o large scale, intensively managed agriculturalcrops; Technical perormance requirements or paper.

The use o non-wood ibers or other agriculturalresidues can provide beneits to some ruraleconomies and reduce the demand orunsustainably produced wood ibers.

Sustainable procurement can incorporate recyclingin a number o ways, including using recycledcontent in paper and supporting measures to helpthe collection o recycled ibers in suicientamounts to meet demand.

A constant flowof virgin fiberinto the fiber

network isneeded because

wood fiberscannot be

recycledindefinitely.

Depending onthe origin of thevirgin fiber and

the type ofproducts, fiber is

typically wornout after five to

seven cycles.

9.

Wood and energy remain the most expensiveinputs to pulp and paper manuacturing. Thus,reducing energy consumption and improvingeiciency in the use o other raw materials are

important industry goals. Source reduction oraw materials is a concept that goes beyond

Other resourcesHave other resources been used appropriately?

recycling by attempting to reduce environmentalimpacts throughout a products lie cycle.Beneits include decreased use o naturalresources, reduced pollution, and lower costs due

to reduced use o materials, packaging andrelated disposal costs.


11/40

9

10.

Protecting the rights o indigenous peoples andworkers in the orest and in manuacturing acilities

is an important part o sustainable procurement.

Social issues cannot be ignored in sustainableprocurement. I poorly managed, social aspectscan lead to conlict between orest companies,communities, and governments with negativeeects or all.

Forest production typically takes place in remote,rural areas sometimes beyond the control ogovernment authorities. As a result, the leadershiprole addressing social and governance issues canall on orest companies. The way that these

responsibilities are exercised is very important andare part o the social contract between companiesand the communities in which they operate.

Logging and processing operations are potentiallydangerous, and proper equipment and training

Local communities and indigenous peoplesHave the needs o local communities or indigenous peoples been addressed?

are essential. In areas where little industrial activityhas taken place, the compatibility o operations

with local property rights and the rights (rights toaccess resources, labor rights, human rights) olocal peoples, including indigenous groups, canalso be a concern.

Sustainable operations should consult localcommunities and indigenous groups beoreundertaking initiatives likely to impact their landsand resources, and community members shouldbe allowed to participate meaningully in orestmanagement decisions aecting these rights.Capacity building, and recognition and support ocultural identity in local communities, are also

important. Areas o special concern include thoseassociated with armed conlict and areas known tohave lagrant avoidance and violations o workersand human rights.

Forests are hometo an estimated800 millionpeople aroundthe world. Anestimated 13million people

were formallyemployed in theforestry sectorworldwide in theyear 2000.(FAO 2002)4

Various organizations have developed initiatives tosupport the sustainable procurement o wood andpaper-based products. They dier in geographicapplicability, product scope, level o detail, andthe constituency backing them.

Forty-seven tools have been analyzed andsummarized in the ollowing two tables groupedinto 3 catagories:

Solid wood products;

Paper products; Wood-based products in general.

Within each category the initiatives are urtherdeined by their ocus in the supply chain and bytheir geographic relevance. Each initiativesprimary issues o concern are noted, as are theinitiatives tools and contact inormation.

In reviewing these, a procurement managershould consider the origin, ocus and extent towhich each its with the corporate procurement

A Guide to the Guides

strategy and supply chain rom orestproduction and manuacturing through retailand trade.

This introductions associated publication,Sustainable Procurement of Wood and Paper-based

Products: Guide and Resource Kit, urther helpsprocurement managers identiy potential resourcesby providing more detailed inormation on each othese initiatives, as well as an extensive glossary, listo acronyms, reerences and additional resources.

More inormation

Additional inormation about sustainableprocurement o wood and paper-based productscan be ound at www.SustainableForestProducts.org. This is also where uture revisions and updateso the Guide and Resource Kitwill be located.

Interested parties can also download copies oboth the Introduction and the Guide and ResourceKitrom these websites.

4 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2002. Trends and Current Statusof the Contribution of Forestry Sector to National Economies. Rome: FAO.


12/40

10

Summary list o tools exclusively or either woodor paper-based products

Table 1

SCOPE Focus in supply chain

Geographical

areasofinterest

Main issues o concern

Forest

production

Processing/

manufacturing

Retail/use

Trade

Traceability

Monitoring

and

verification

Legality

SFM

specialfore

sts

Forest

conversion

Socialissue

s

SOLID WOOD

Belgian GovernmentProcurement Policy

Europe, withglobalimplications

German GovernmentProcurement Policy

Global

Global Timber TrackingNetwork

Global

Greenpeaces ResponsibleProcurement Policy

China withglobalimplications

The Green BuildingInitiatives Green GlobesTMRating System

US

The Leadership in Energyand Environmental Design(LEED) Green BuildingRating System US


13/40

11

Brie characterization Contact details

Pollution

Recycled

contemt

Climatechange

Source

reduction

The Policy is applicable to wood-derived products,except paper. The Policy is compulsory or all entitieso the ederal government, and it ocuses on woodrom sustainably harvested timbers. The deinitionincludes provisions related to traceability, legality,and speciic requirements or sustainable orestmanagement certiication systems.

Federal Public Service Health, Food Chain Saety andEnvironmentPhone: +32 2 524 96 55www.guidedesachatsdurables.be

Procurement policy or wood and wood productsonly rom veriiably legal and SFM.

German Federal Ministry o Consumer Protection,Food and AgriculturePhone: +49 (030) 200 60www.bmelv.de

The Global Timber Tracking Network (GTTN),coordinated by Bioversity International, is an eortto promote the use o DNA and stable isotopes toight illegal control. The network is developing aglobal database o DNA and stable isotopeingerprints o major commercial timber species,

which could help reinorce illegal logging laws andcertiication standards by helping veriy that thespecies listed in the paperwork is legal and labeledcorrectly. The database will also allow importers andauthorities to veriy the declared origin o wood andwood products.

Bioversity InternationalPhone: + (603) 89423891Fax: + (603) 89487655E-mail: [email protected]://www.globaltimbertrackingnetwork.org/

Provides advice and assistance to solid-wood retailersdevising and implementing a responsibleprocurement policy using Greenpeaces TimberStandard. The Timber Standard is a benchmark andit outlines a step-wise transition towards buyingproducts that are sustainable. Sustainable productsare deined as FSC-certiied and/or are made o100% recycled materials.

Greenpeace ChinaPhone: +86 10 6554 6931E-mail: [email protected]/china/en/

Rating standards or commercial buildings. The Green Building InitiativePhone: +1 877 424 4241E-mail: [email protected]

Rating standards or various types o buildings. Green Building CouncilPhone: + 1 800 795 1747 or +1 202 828 5110E-mail: [email protected]


14/40

12

Table 1


Geographical

areasofinterest


Forest

production

Processing/

manufacturing

Retail/use

Trade

Traceability

Monitoring

and

verification

Legality

SFM

specialfore

sts

Forest

conversion

Socialissue

s

Timber Retail Coalition

Europe, withglobalimplications

Timber TrackingTechnologies Review

Global

Timber Trade Action Plan

Global

UK Timber Trade Federation

Responsible PurchasingPolicy Global

Tropical Forest Trusts GoodWood, Good BusinessGuide.

Global/Tropics

Wood or Good Campaign



15/40

13


Pollution

Recycled

contemt

Climatechange

Source

reduction

The Coalition ounded by European retailersKingisher, Marks & Spencer, IKEA and CarreourGroup seeks to raise awareness and support clearand pragmatic regulations and legislation to ensurethat timber and timber products in the Europeanmarkets are legal, responsibly sourced, andsustainable. The Coalition also seeks to raiseawareness o other environmental issues such asdeorestation and climate change. The European

Retail Roundtable serves as the Coalition Secretariat.

European Retail Round TablePhone: +32 (2) 286 51 22E-mail: [email protected]/timber-retail-coalition

A report that provides a summary o electronic andsemi-electronic timber tracking technologies andcase studies aimed at providing guidance to timbertracking users, as well as general inormation ontracking technologies and drivers o its application.Timber tracking technologies and databases allowsusers to collect data on the source o timber andtimber products, and store that inormation in anaccessible and user-riendly database. It also allowsusers to track inormation about their supply chains,reduce the risk o illegal or unsustainable wood

products entering the supply chain, or to ulillrequirements o orest certiication schemes.

Bioversity International / CGIARPhone: +(39 06) 61181E-mail: [email protected]://www.bioversityinternational.org/

A project aimed to reduce trade in illegal timber byhelping members o European timber tradeederations to work towards legality veriication otheir timber and wood products, and to implementrobust chain o custody systems. TTAP is a private-sector initiative created by a number o Europeantimber trade ederations, and it is being implementedby the Tropical Forest Trust. TTAP is unded by theEuropean Commission and its European partnertimber trade ederations.

Tropical Forest TrustPhone: +41 (0) 22 367 9442E-mail: [email protected]

Management system compliant with UK central

government requirements or legality andsustainability.

UK Timber Trade Federation

Phone: +44 (0) 20 78 39 18 91E-mail: [email protected]

Practical guidance to develop and implementsustainable procurement.

Tropical Forest TrustPhone: +41 (0)22 367 94 40E-mail: [email protected]

Brochures, act sheets, education materials. wood. or goodPhone: +44 (0) 800 279 0016E-Mail: [email protected]


16/40

Table 1

14


Geographical

areasofinterest


Forest

production

Processing/

manufacturing

Retail/use

Trade

Traceability

Monitoring

and

verification

Legality

SFM

specialfore

sts

Forest

conversion

Socialissue

s

PULP AND PAPER-BASED

CEPI Carbon FootprintFramework

Europe

Environmental FootprintComparison Tool

NorthAmerica

Environmental PaperAssessment Tool V.2.0

Global butprimarily inthe US andCanada

Environmental PaperNetwork

Global

New Zealand GovernmentPaper Buyers guidance

New Zealandwith global

implications

Paper Calculator

NorthAmerica(Canada andthe UnitedStates)

Paper Proile

Europe/Global



17/40

15


Pollution

Recycled

contemt

Climatechange

Source

reduction

Framework provides a comprehensive structure,overview and guidance or individual CEPI membercompanies to estimate--and communicate withstakeholders--the net greenhouse gas emissionsassociated with their products (carbon ootprint).Evaluation o carbon ootprint is based on 10 elements

throughout the products supply chain.

Conederation o European Paper IndustriesPhone: +32 2 627 4928E-mail: [email protected]

An online inormation-support tool or companies andpaper products buyers to weigh and analyze thetrade-os and co-beneits o managing theenvironmental ootprint o papermaking. The toolocuses beneits and tradeos o using recycled iber,water and energy use, and emissions to water and air.

National Council o Air and Stream Improvements(NCASI)Phone: (919) 941-6400E-Mail: [email protected]

Comprehensive, online decision-support tool toacilitate direct dialogue and collaboration betweenproducers and buyers on various issues; allows users toevaluate trade-os in purchasing decisions.

GreenBluePhone: +1 438 817 [email protected]

A network o organizations providing inormation andguidance on various aspects o paper. Inormation andguidance is based on a common ramework (commonvision) or environmental and social sustainability inthe production and consumption o pulp and paperproducts. The Network maintains and promotesvarious internet-based applications where itsenvironmental and social goals are evaluated, andwhere guidance and practical tools or paperpurchasers are provided.

Environmental Paper NetworkPhone: +1 828 251 8558E-mail: [email protected]

Provides general overview o key issues and practicalguidance or New Zealand paper buyers in selectingtheir products.

New Zealand Ministry or the EnvironmentE-mail: [email protected]

Online tool to quantiy and compare the environmentalimpacts o 13 paper choices based on the use orecycled content and source reduction; calculations arebased on the analysis o the Paper Task Force, whichexamines environmental impacts and implicationsthrough the entire lie cycle o paper.

Environmental Deense FundPhone: +1 212 505 2100www.papercalculator.org

Voluntary system to provide inormation to theconsumer about various environmental parameters ospeciic paper products.

Finnish Paper Engineers AssociationPhone: +358 (9) 132 6688E-mail: [email protected]


18/40

Table 1


Geographical

areasofinterest


Forest

production

Processing/

manufacturing

Retail/use

Trade

Traceability

Monitoring

and

verification

Legality

SFM

specialfore

sts

Forest

conversion

Socialissue

s

Publisher's database orResponsible EnvironmentalPaper Sourcing (PREPS)

Global

TwoSides

Europe, with

globalimplications

World Wildlie FundGuide to Buying Paper

Global

World Wildlie FundPaper Scorecard

Global

World Wildlie FundTissue Scoring

Europe

16



19/40


Pollution

Recycled

contemt

Climatechange

Source

reduction

A joint initiative rom twenty-three publishers topromote responsible paper supply chains. In 2012,PREPS membership was also opened to printers. PREPShas developed a database ocusing on various aspectso the pulp and paper manuacturing processes, theorests rom where the raw materials originate, as wellas CO2 emissions and water use at the paper milllevel. Members interested in adding new inormationto the database must ask the PREPS Secretariat, and

PREPS will contact the mills directly and ask ortechnical speciications and orest source inormation.The inormation is organized by paper grades andmills. Paper grades are graded according to a PREPSGrading System based on the recycled content o thepaper, whether or not is certiied, whether or not thesource or origin is known and i there are risksassociated with that origin. The Grading System doesnot account or CO2 emissions or water consumption.

Publishers database or Responsible EnvironmentalPaper Sourcing (PREPS)E-mail: [email protected]://prepsgroup.com/home.php

Two Sides is an initiative o a number o companiesrom the graphic communications supply chain. Theinitiative includes actors involved in orest, pulp, paper,inks and chemicals, and printing and publishingindustries. The objective o the initiative is (i) topromote the responsible production and use o printand paper products; and (ii) to make inormationabout industry sustainability and perormance availableto all stakeholders.

Two SidesPhone: +44 115 8412 129E-mail: [email protected]

Companion to WWF Paper Scorecard. Providesguidance on various issues and showcases examples ocompanies taking action on issues covered.

WWF InternationalPhone: +41 (0)22 364 91 11www.panda.org/paper/toolbox

Scoring system or paper. WWF InternationalPhone: +41 (0)22 364 91 11www.panda.org/paper/toolbox

Rating system to assess tissue paper sourcing. WWF InternationalPhone: +41 (0) 22 364 91 11www.wwno.panda.org

17


20/40

Summary list o tools or both wood and paper-based productsTable 2

18


Geographical

areasofinterest


Forest

production

Processing/

manufacturing

Retail/use

Trade

Traceability

Monitoring

and

verification

Legality

SFM

Specialforests

Forest

conversion

Socialissue

s

A Buyers Guide toCanadas Sustainable ForestProducts

Canada withglobalimplications

CEPI Legal Logging Codeo Conduct

Europe

Danish GovernmentProcurement Policy orTropical Forests

Dutch GovernmentProcurement Criteria or

Timber

Global

European CommunityGreen Purchasing Policy

Global

Enhancing the Trade oLegally Produced Timber, aGuide to Initiatives Global


21/40

19


Pollution

Recycled

contemt

Climate

Source

reduction

Uses the WRI/WBCSD 10 key questions ramework, toprovide buyers with inormation to reassure them aboutthe social and environmental qualities o Canadas orestproducts. Includes sample orest products procurement/inancing policy, environmental perormance data oFPAC members, as well as additional resourcesincluding a glossary.

Forest Products Association o CanadaPhone: +1 613 563 1441E-mail: [email protected]

States CEPI member companies commitments toaddress illegal logging.

Conederation o European Paper Industries (CEPI)Phone: +32 (2) 627 49 27E-mail: [email protected]

Guidelines or purchasing o tropical timber.Guidelines are currently under review.

Danish Ministry o the EnvironmentPhone: +45 (72) 54 20 00E-mail: [email protected]

The Procurement Criteria or Timber preers woodproducts that are sustainable and legal. I sustainably

produced products are not available, they at leasthave to be rom legal sources. To help implementthis policy, the Dutch government established theTimber Procurement Assessment System (TPAS).TPAS seeks to provide assurance to national andlocal government institutions that the woodproducts they purchase meet the governmentsustainability and legality requirements. The TimberProcurement Assessment Commitment (TPAC) is abody within the TPAS to provide guidance to assessevidence o compliance. TPAC is also responsible orevaluating evidence o compliance provided byorest certiication systems and other veriicationsystems.

Timber Procurement Assessment SystemPhone: +31 (0)70 3586 300

E-mail: [email protected]

Policy to promote public green procurement,increase similarities among procurement criteria oEU member states, and provide guidance andadvice. Priority products include paper and urniture.

European Environment AgencyPhone: +45 33 36 7100ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/index_en.htm

A guide to 127 major initiatives that promote thelegal production and trade o timber. The guideprovides an overview o the array o initiatives,highlighting trends, gaps, and major opportunities.

Tropenbos InternationalPhone: +31 317 481416E-mail: [email protected]://www.tropenbos.org/


22/40


20


Geographical

areasofinterest


Forest

production

Processing/

manufacturing

Retail/use

Trade

Traceability

Monitoring

and

verification

Legality

SFM

Specialforests

Forest

conversion

Socialissue

s

European Union ActionPlan or Forest LawEnorcement, Governanceand Trade (FLEG), andVoluntary PartnershipAgreements (VPAs)

Global

Forest CertiicationAssessment Guide

Global

Forest Footprint DisclosureProject

Global

The Forest GovernanceLearning Group (FGLG)

Asia andArica


23/40

21


Pollution

Recycled

contemt

Climate

Source

reduction

The Forest Law Enorcement, Governance and Trade(FLEGT) Plan is the European Union (EU) response toillegal logging and deorestation concerns. The Planrecognizes that consumer countries demand ororest products contributes to orest loss. The Planseeks to (i) develop markets or legal products inEurope; and (ii) establish bilateral partnerships(Voluntary Partnership Agreements, VPAs) withproducing countries to build their capacity and

support reorms in the governance o their orestsectors, in order to reduce the production o illegallyharvested timber. The VPAs also seek to establish andimplement tracking and licensing systems (LegalityAssurance Systems - LASs) to ensure that only legallyproduced products enter the European Union.

European Forest Institute / EU FLEGT FacilityPhone: +358 10 773 4300Contact: http://www.eulegt.ei.int/contact.phpwww.eulegt.ei.int

Framework or the evaluation o certiication systemsto assess compliance with World Bank and WWFpolicies.

World Bank / WWF InternationalPhone: +41 (0) 22 364 91 11 or +1 202 473 10 00www.orest-alliance.org

The Project is designed to create transparency andimprove companies understanding o the orest

ootprint o their direct operations and theoperations they inance. The orest ootprintocuses on production, use, and trade o keycommodities linked to global deorestation: timber,soy, bee and leather, palm oil and biouels. Everyyear, a number o companies are invited to discloseinormation about policies related to the sustainablesupply chains or these commodities, and the actionsthey are taking to manage risks.

Global Canopy ProgrammePhone: 44 1865 724 333

E-mail: [email protected]

The Forest Governance Learning Group is aninormal network o national organizations in Aricaand Asia ocused on orest governance issues. TheFGLG seeks to contribute to the improvement o theorest governance ocusing on our themes: a)

poverty reduction strategies and national orest anddecentralization programs; b) illegal logging; c)orest enterprises and private sector; and, d) orestownership and access rights. To achieve its goals,FGLG promotes exchanges and dissemination opragmatic approaches to good orest governance,builds long-term capacities, and promotes materials,tools and guidance.

FGLG was established in 2003, and it is coordinatedby the International Institute or Environment andDevelopment. FGLG is active in Cameroon, China,Ghana, India, Indonesia, Malawi, Mozambique,South Arica, Tanzania, Uganda and Vietnam.

International Institute or Environment andDevelopmentPhone: +44 (0)20 3463 7399http://www.iied.org/orest-governance-learning-group


24/40

22



Geographical

areasofinterest


Forest

production

Processing/

manufacturing

Retail/use

Trade

Traceability

Monitoring

and

verification

Legality

SFM

Specialforests

Forest

conversion

Socialissue

s

Forest Industry CarbonAssessment Tool

Global

Forest Legality Alliance

Global

French Policy on PublicProcuremet o Timber andWood Products

Global

FSCs Controlled WoodStandard

Global

Global Forest Registry

Global

Global Forest and TradeNetwork

Global


25/40

23


Pollution

Recycled

contemt

Climate

Source

reduction

An online, comprehensive, assessment tool toestimate direct and indirect (Scope 1, 2, and 3) GHGemissions or the orest products industry. FICATincorporates elements o the WRI/WBCSD GHGProtocol, it is structured around CEPIs CarbonFootprint Framework, and it uses data rom theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).The tool can be also used to educate users about thecomplexities associated with estimating GHG

emissions o orest products.

National Council or Air and Stream Improvement,Inc and the International Finance CorporationPhone: +1 919 941 6400www.FICATModel.org

A public-private initiative to reduce illegal loggingthrough supporting the supply o legal orestproducts. The Alliance seeks to raise awareness odemand-side legality requirements, produceinnovative practical tools to help orest productssupply chains to screen out illegal wood, anddemonstrate compliance with legality requirements.

World Resources Institute / EnvironmentalInvestigation AgencyPhone: +1 202 729 7600E-mail: [email protected]

National orest products procurement policy;required or central government procurementoicials; recommended to local authorities.

Ministre de lcologie, de lnergie du Dveloppementdurable et de lAmnagement du territoirePhone: +33 (0) 1 40 81 83 32E-mail: [email protected]

www.ecoresponsabilite.environnement.gouv.r

Within the FSC system, a standard to avoid tradingo illegal and environmentally and socially damagingwood.

Forest Stewardship CouncilPhone: +49 (228) 367 66 26E-mail: [email protected]

The Global Forest Registry is a map-based database,designed to help evaluate the risk o obtaining woodrom controversial sources, as deined by the ForestStewardship Council in the Controlled Woodstandard. The deinition o controversial sourcesincludes: wood harvested illegally; wood harvested

in violation o traditional or civil rights; woodharvested rom areas being converted rom orestsand other wooded ecosystems to plantations or non-orest uses; and wood rom orests in whichgenetically modiied trees are planted. The databasebuilds on publicly-available global sources oinormation or more than 150 countries. Thedatabase also includes more detailed inormation orcountries that have completed FSC-approvedcontrolled wood risk assessments.

NEPConPhone: +372 - 7 380 723E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Promotes responsible orest management and tradethrough a step-wise approach toward crediblecertiication.

WWF InternationalPhone : +41 22 364 9111www.gtn.panda.org


26/40

24



Geographical

areasofinterest


Forest

production

Processing/

manufacturing

Retail/use

Trade

Traceability

Monitoring

and

verification

Legality

SFM

Specialforests

Forest

conversion

Socialissue

s

Green Purchasing Network

Japan

Illegal-logging.ino

Global

Japanese GovernmentProcurement Policy

Japan/Global

Mexican Federal

Government ProcurementPolicy

Mexico

NEPCon LegalSourceProgramme

Global

New Zealand Timber andWood ProductsProcurement Policy Global


27/40

25


Pollution

Recycled

contemt

Climate

Source

reduction

Guidance or green purchasing, including varioustypes o paper products and urniture.

Green Purchasing NetworkPhone: +81 (3) 3406 5155E-mail: [email protected]

Data warehouse maintained by the Britishorganization Chatham House dedicated to illegallogging and associated trade. The warehousecontains documents, presentations, media records

and links related to illegal logging and the trade inillegal timber. The web site provides a contextualramework, which outlines major themes related toillegal logging: causes and drivers o illegal loggingand trade, initiatives and approaches to address theproblem, relevant policies and legislation, key actorsand stakeholders, indicators o progress andimportant sources o inormation. Inormation isprovided at both the regional and country level.

Chatham HousePhone: +44 (0) 20 7957 5711E-mail: [email protected]://www.illegal-logging.ino/

Guidelines or veriication o legality andsustainability o wood and wood products.

Forestry Agency, Ministry o Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries o Japanwww.ma.go.jp/eindex.html

Within the Purchasing, Leasing and Public Services

Law, all ederal government agencies should ensurethat the origin o the products is known, and thatthey originate rom sustainably managed orests. Inaddition, the origin and sustainability o the productsshould be veriied by third party auditing bodiesrecognized by the Ministry o Natural Resources.

Direccin General de Recursos Materiales Inmuebles

y Servicios, SEMARNATPhone: +52 562 80600www.semarnat.gov.mx

The NEPCon LegalSource Programme oers thirdparty certiication or orest product traders,processors and orest managers, conirming thatthey exercise due care to reduce the risk o sourcingand trading illegally harvested orest products.The LegalSource standard is designed to becompatible with laws that are established or cominginto place in the US, EU and Australia, with the aim oexcluding material originating rom illegal harvestingrom their markets. The standard is also applicable toorest operations and companies that export to suchmarkets or simply want to reduce the risk o sourcingillegal orest products.

NEPCon Forest Legality ProgrammeEmail: [email protected]: +4531587981

Procurement policy or New Zealand governmentagencies to address illegal logging and supportinternational sustainable orest management.

Forest Policy CoordinationMinistry o Agriculture and ForestryPhone: +64 (04) 894 0679www.ma.govt.nz/orestry/twpp/index.htm


28/40



Geographical

areasofinterest


Forest

production

Processing/

manufacturing

Retail/use

Trade

Traceability

Monitoring

and

verification

Legality

SFM

Specialforests

Forest

conversion

Socialissue

s

PEFC Due Diligence System

Global

Project LEAF

Global

Public Procurement Policiesor Forest Products andTheir Impacts

Europe, NewZealand,Japan

Sedex

Global

26


29/40


Pollution

Recycled

contemt

Climate

Source

reduction

The PEFCs Due Dilligence system requiresparticipants to establish supply chain control systemsto minimize the risk that certiied products includeraw materials rom controversial sources.

PEFC CouncilPhone: +41 22 799 45 40E-mail: [email protected]

A recently launched partnership between Interpoland the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP), Project LEAF (Law Enorcement Assistanceor Forests) is an initiative dedicated to combating

orest crime, including illegal logging and timbertraicking. Project LEAF seeks to respond toorganized transnational orest-criminal activitythrough an international, coordinated response andin collaboration with national law enorcementagencies. Speciic activities involve gatheringinormation and generating relevant analysis, buildin-country law enorcement capacity, and providinginsights into the way organized crime operates.

INTERPOLFax: +33(0) [email protected]

Synthesis and comparative review o public timberprocurement policies around the world.

ArdotPhone: +358 (0) 9 44 88 61E-mail: [email protected]

Sedex is a supply chain management tool thathelps companies identiy, manage and mitigateethical risks in global supply chains. As the largestcollaborative platorm or managing ethical supplychain data, Sedex engages with all tiers o thesupply chain with the aim o driving improvementsand convergence in responsible business practices.Sedex members can share and manage inormationrelated to Labour Standards, Health & Saety, TheEnvironment and Business Practices. Members alsohave access to a range o tools and reports,including industry speciic questionnaires and riskanalysis tools.

Sedex members beneit rom a lexible rameworkthat can be used with any code, standard orcompany policy. Sedex does not prescribe a speciicaudit report or reporting requirements, but theorganization does provide a publicly availablecommon audit reporting ormat and methodology(the Sedex Members Trade Audit, or SMETA)designed to reduce duplication o eort in ethicaltrade auditing.

SedexPhone: +44 (0)20 7902 2320 (UK)+86 (0)21 6103 1622 (China)+1 888 487 6146 (US/CAN)E-mail: [email protected] (UK)[email protected] (China)http://www.sedexglobal.com/

27


30/40



Geographical

areasofinterest


Forest

production

Processing/

manufacturing

Retail/use

Trade

Traceability

Monitoring

and

verification

Legality

SFM

Specialforests

Forest

conversion

Socialissue

s

SmartSource

Global

Standard Practice or

Categorizing Wood andWood-Based ProductsAccording to Their FiberSources

Global, but

available dataare initiallylimited to theU.S.

String

28


31/40


Pollution

Recycled

contemt

Climate

Source

reduction

A supply chain management resource that supportsorest products purchasing programs by assistingcompanies to (a) trace the origin o products downthe supply chain to orest source; (b) identiy andevaluate risk o illegal logging, controversial andunsustainable orest management activity associatedwith their supply chain; and (c) develop andimplement procedures and actions to address theserisk. SmartSource also provides support to companies

in educating their sta with communicating thepolicy and related expectations to suppliers and otherstakeholders. With SmartSource360 (applicable to aand b above), supplies down the supply chain are beable to directly enter inormation and providesupporting documentation about the wood and/oriber based materials used in the products, includingsupplier declared risk assessment categorization,species, certiication status and the orest o origin.Rainorest Alliance SmartSource program sta canreview and validate claims made by suppliersregarding wood and/or iber source and relatedattributes.

Rainorest Alliance, SmartSource ProgramPhone: (802) 434-5491E-mail: [email protected]://www.rainorest-alliance.org/orestry/sourcing

A voluntary standard to communicate conormance

o wood and paper-based products withrequirements o dierent tracing systems, orestmanagement certiication programs, and voluntaryand regulatory standards related to orest products.

ASTM International

Phone: +1 610 832 9500www.astm.org

String is an online, data recording, tool. The systemenables users at all phases in the supply chain torequest inormation about the product rom theirsuppliers. I the data is missing, or i certainvalidation rules are not met, the data will be markedas incomplete or invalid. Users can generate reportsrom the data to get a complete picture o the lowo the product throughout the supply chain, and allthe available data. By tracing products at a batchlevel, String makes it diicult or quantities o

certiied products to be alsiied, and as eachorganization is responsible or their own data there isa clear record o who recorded what and when.String is lexible, and it can be customized to recordany data about any type o product. The system hasbeen piloted in a number o industries includingtimber, textiles and minerals.

Historic FuturesPhone: +44 (0) 1993 886420Fax: +44 (0) 1993 886421www.historicutures.com/

29


32/40


Geographical

areasofinterest


Forest

production

Processing/

manufacturing

Retail/use

Trade

Traceability

Monitoring

and

verification

Legality

SFM

Specialforests

Forest

conversion

Socialissue

s

Sustainable Forest FinanceToolkit

Global

Sustainable ForestryInitiative ProcurementObjective

US andCanada

Swiss Declaration Duty orTimber

Switzerland,with globalimplications

Tropical Forest Trust

Global

UK Government CentralPoint o Expertise onTimber Procurement Global


30


33/40


Pollution

Recycled

contemt

Climate

Source

reduction

The Toolkit is designed to assist and inorm orestsector lending and investment decisions, speciicallyocusing on the production and processing o orestproducts, and carbon and ecosystem servicesmarkets. The Toolkit includes inormation andspeciic advice, in the orm o questions, or inanceoicers to evaluate risk, manage investmentportolios, develop orest-sector investment policies,and sustainable procurement.

PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP UKSustainability and Climate ChangePhone: +44 20 7804 3978www.pwc.co.uk/sustainability

Purchasing requirements or wood and iber underSFI certiication standard.

Sustainable Forestry InitiativePhone: +1 703 875 9500www.siprogram.org

Requires suppliers o solid wood products to provideinormation about the species o wood and place oharvest. The Duty seeks to promote transparencyand enable customers to choose responsible woodproducts.

Federal Consumer Aairs Bureau (FCAB)Phone: 031 322 20 00Website: www.konsum.admin.ch/holzdeklaration/start/index.html?lang=r

Helps link business to responsibly managed orests.TFT members commit to sourcing rom sustainableorests that are credibly certiied, or TFT orestprojects advancing towards credible orestcertiication. TFT supports companies to establishwood control systems that ensure no undesirablewood enters into their products.

Tropical Forest TrustPhone: +41 (0) 223 67 9449E-mail: [email protected]

Guidance or compliance with UK centralgovernment purchasing requirements orsustainability and legality.

EFECAPhone: +44 (0) 1305 236 1000E-mail: [email protected]

31


34/40

bill o lading

A document establishing the terms o contractbetween a shipper and a transportation company tomove reight rom one point to another or a speciiccharge. (Source: Global Forest and Trade Network(GFTN). Building a Better Business throughResponsible Purchasing: Developing and Implementing

a Wood and Paper Purchasing Policy.WWF, GFTN-North America. 2005.)

biodiversity

Also, biological diversity. The variety o living

organisms rom all sources including terrestrial,marine and other aquatic ecosystems, as well as theecological complexes o which they are part. Thisincludes diversity within species, between species ando ecosystems. (Source: Convention on BiologicalDiversity. Article 2. Use of Terms. 2007.)

chain-o-custody (CoC)

The systematic tracking o wood-based productsrom their origin in the orest to their end-use.

carbon sequestration

The dierent processes through which carbon is

removed rom the atmosphere and stored in soil,biomass, geological ormations and oceans.

environmental management system (EMS)

A set o processes and practices that enables anorganization to reduce its environmental impacts andincrease operational eiciency. (Source: USEnvironmental Protection Agency. 2007.)

orest land-use change

Also called deorestation where orests are beingconverted rom natural orests to other land uses(agriculture, cattle ranching, urbanization, etc.). Such

land use change may or may not be legal and canresult in orested areas that do not have the prospecto being sustainably managed.

orest conversion

When natural orests are converted to highlycultivated orests typically with an increased ocus onwood production and decreased environmentalbeneits.

illegal logging

Logging in violation o an established legalramework.

old growth orests

A orest that has originated through naturalsuccession and maintains signiicant portions o deadwood and old tress. A multi-layered structure is oten

present and the orest may be at climax (mature)stage. (Source: Lund, H.G. Definitions of Old Growth,Pristine, Climax, Ancient Forests, Degradation,

Desertification, Forest Fragmentation, and Similar Terms.Forest Inormation Services. 2007.)

protected areas

An area as an area o land and/or sea especiallydedicated to the protection and maintenance obiological diversity, and o natural and associatedcultural resources, and managed through legal orother eective means. (Source: World Conservation

Union (IUCN). World Commission on ProtectedAreas Website at www.iucn.org/themes/wcpa/(accessed September 2007) 2007.)

special orests

For the purpose o this guide, the term special orestsis used as a generic term to mean areas in the orestlandscape that have unique qualities and needspecial attention and treatment, including sensitiveecosystems.

supply chain

The dierent steps (rom tree harvesting to product

distribution) through which wood and paper-basedproducts go: through rom harvest to an endproduct.

threatened species

Threatened species is a group o three categories:critically endangered species, endangered species,and vulnerable species. Endangered species areconsidered to be acing a very high risk o extinctionin the wild while vulnerable species are considered tobe acing a high risk o extinction in the wild.(Source: World Conservation Union (IUCN). Glossaryof Biodiversity Terms. IUCN/WCMC. 2007.)

traceability

The ability to track wood between two subsequentpoints o the chain-o-custody.

unwanted sources

In addition to illegal logging, a number ocontroversial sources o wood including: protectedareas or orests that have been proposed or nationalparks but have not yet been ormally protected;orests deemed to be special places; orests wherethere are serious tenure disputes, particularly wherethese involve the ailure to respect the customaryrights o indigenous or local people; orests that areinappropriately converted to other land uses.(Source: Nussbaum, R., and M. Simula. The ForestCertification Handbook. 2005.)

Glossary

32


35/40

WBCSDThe World Business Council or SustainableDevelopment (WBCSD) is a CEO-led organizationo orward-thinking companies that galvanizes theglobal business community to create a sustainableuture or business, society and the environment.Together with its members, the council applies itsrespected thought leadership and eectiveadvocacy to generate constructive solutions andtake shared action. Leveraging its strongrelationships with stakeholders as the leadingadvocate or business, the council helps drive

debate and policy change in avor o sustainabledevelopment solutions. The WBCSD provides aorum or its 200 member companies whorepresent all business sectors, all continents and acombined revenue o more than $7 trillion toshare best practices on sustainable developmentissues and to develop innovative tools that changethe status quo. The Council also beneits rom anetwork o 60 national and regional businesscouncils and partner organizations, a majority owhich are based in developing countries.

The WBCSD Forest Solutions Groups mission is toprovide business leadership in expandingsustainable orest-based solutions to meet theneeds o people now and in the uture. Thegroups working scope addresses a range osustainability challenges and opportunities, otenbased on open stakeholder dialogue andengagement, clariies misperceptions about theorest-based industry, and emphasizes the role oorests, orest products and the whole orest sectorin developing and sustaining a low-carbon andbio-based economy.

www.wbcsd.org

World Resources InstituteWRI ocuses on the intersection o theenvironment and socio-economic development.

We go beyond research to put ideas into action,working globally with governments, business, andcivil society to build transormative solutions thatprotect the earth and improve peoples lives.

Solutions to Urgent Sustainability ChallengesWRIs transormative ideas protect the earth,promote development, and advance social equitybecause sustainability is essential to meeting

human needs today, and ulilling humanaspirations tomorrow.

Practical Strategies or ChangeWRI spurs progress by providing practicalstrategies or change and eective tools toimplement them. We measure our success in theorm o new policies, products, and practices thatshit the ways governments work, businessesoperate, and people act.

Global ActionWe operate globally because todays problemsknow no boundaries. We are avid communicatorsbecause people everywhere are inspired by ideas,empowered by knowledge, and moved to changeby greater understanding. We provide innovativepaths to a sustainable planet through work that isaccurate, air, and independent.

www.wri.org and www.earthtrends.wri.org

About

33


36/40

Notes

34


37/40

Notes

35


38/40

36

Notes


39/40

Photo credits FlickrCopyright World Resources Institute and WBCSD.

December 2012.ISBN 978-3-940388-10-0


40/40

World Business Council for Sustainable Development WBCSD

Chemin de Conches 4, 1231 Conches-Geneva, Switzerland

Tel: +41 (0) 22 839 31 00, Fax: +41 (0) 22 839 31 31, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.wbcsd.org

www.SustainableForestProducts.org

sustainable procurement wood paper based products v3 intro

Documents