sustainable water · pdf filesustainable water management ... 49.4 94.8 6.42 6.24 278 213 657...

Daniel E. Shannon Global Business Development Manager

Halliburton Water Solutions

Sustainable Water Management

http://www.halliburton.com/

2 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

The Oldest Problem in the Oilfield

Produced water 111 billion bbl produced annually worldwide 3-5 bbl of water produced per bbl of hydrocarbon $51 billion annually in water management costs



The Newest Problem in the Oilfield

100,000 bbl ( 15,900 m3) of water to complete a well which creates further problems

Flow back volumes up to 30,000 bbl (4542 m3)

Water supply and disposal

Trucking concerns

Regulations



H2O Forward

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$

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$ $ $ $

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Grappling with The Total Cost of Water



H2O Forward

HALLIBURTON combines Engineering and Technology of water processing with world leading frac

most sophisticated and capable reuse expertise anywhere in the world.

bbl



Wood, Ruth et al. Shale Gas: A Provisional Assessment of Climate Change and Environmental Impacts. January 2011. New York State (2009) Supplemental generic environmental impact statement on the oil, gas and solution mining regulatory program by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Mineral Resources.

Large Amounts of Trucks

Table 2.5: Truck Visits

55%

28%



Current State of our Industry



Headlines

Hundreds Rally in Albany to Protect New Fracking

The Oneida Daily Dispatch fracking Mail & Guardian online

Pennsylvania blowout fuels fracking fears UPI.com

BBC

Fracking regulations could ease public concerns: White House

Reuters

Obama Forms Panel to Improve Fracking Safety Scientific American

EPA Starts Work on Diesel Fracking Guidance The New York Times

Spiegel Online

New Drilling Technologies Shake Up Global Market Part 4: Is Drilling a Threat to Idyllic Landscape?

Frack and ruin: the rise of hydraulic fracturing Telegraph.co.uk

Fracking on public radar Technique is controversial but not new

TimesCall.com

Shale gas drilling likely to be banned in France EurActiv

fracking Washingtonexaminer.com



Halliburton Water Management Philosophy

Maximize Reuse Increase % of produced water reused in frac fluids Reduce volume of water sent for disposal Lower fresh water demand by 25% by 2014

Minimize Waste Stream and costs for Producers

Use less water treatment Reduce trucking Change frac fluid formulation to adjust to salinity Using Recycle without jeopardizing production



Now, you can virtually eliminate fresh water from hydraulic fracturing



Water Management: Field-Scale Issue

Water Needed vs. Produced Municipal Fresh Water

Surface Waters Rivers Lakes Sea water

Ground Water Aquifers Water sheds

Waste water Municipal AMD

100%

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Flowback and Produced Water Variability Sample #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9

Specific gravity 1.026 1.036 1.019 1.012 1.070 1.100 1.170 1.105 1.066

pH 7.92 7.51 7.91 6.61 6.72 6.68 6.05 7.11 7.04

Ionic Strength 0.59 0.881 0.319 0.199 1.919 2.794 4.96 2.874 1.754

Hydroxide (mpL) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Carbonate (mpL) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bicarbonate (mpL) 1,010 717 1190 259 183 183 76 366 366

Chloride (mpL) 19,400 29,400 10,000 6,290 59,700 87,700 153,000 96,400 58,300

Sulfate (mpL) 34 0 88 67 0 0 0 670 749

Calcium (mpL) 630 1,058 294 476 7,283 10,210 20,100 4,131 2,573

Magnesium (mpL) 199 265 145 49.6 599 840 1,690 544 344.0

Barium (mpL) 49.4 94.8 6.42 6.24 278 213 657 1.06 5.1

Strontium (mpL) 107 179 44.7 74.3 2,087 2,353 5,049 178 112

Total Iron (mpL) 4.73 25.7 8.03 14 27.4 2.89 67.6 26.4 33.8

Aluminum (mpL) 0.17 0.21 0.91 0.38 0.18 0 0.1 0.17 0.78

Boron (mpL) 28.2 27.1 26.7 8.82 45.1 73.1 80.4 94.5 65.7

Potassium (mpL) 192 273 78.7 85.8 977 1,559 2,273 2,232 1,439

Sodium (mpL) 10,960 16,450 5,985 3,261 26,780 39,990 61,400 54,690 32,600

TDS (mpL) 33,300 49,300 18,200 10,800 98,600 144,000 252,000 160,000 97,700 TSS (mpL) 57 246 50 30 10 12 32 120 13,762

TOC (mpL) 89 64 133 180 218 70 143 266 235

100%

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H2OForwardSM Service An integrated approach to turn a waste stream into a revenue stream

Effective Water Treatment

Fluid Formulation and Scale Modeling

Efficient Logistical Engineering for Well Construction



The Past - Halliburton Water Quality Limits for Parameters

Bacteria <105/mL pH 6 to 8 Temperature 40 to 100 F Chlorides < 30,000 typical but up to 90,000 ppm Bicarbonates < 300 ppm Calcium and Magnesium < 2,000 ppm Boron < 1 ppm

Iron < 10 ppm typical but up to 20 ppm

Phosphates < 5 ppm

Reducing Agents 0 ppm

Sulfates < 500 ppm

TSS < 50 ppm

TDS < 50,000 ppm



Produced H2O for Fracturing Fluids

Because many factors are involved, it is not always possible to set a specific limit on each component.

Always subject source waters to pilot tests before using them in a fluid system.

Customers may have to be open to running a different fluid system based on water analysis and rheology testing.



100% CleanWave Treated Water 253,464 ppm TDS Cross Link Fluids

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BOPCO PLU 100% CleanWave Treated Rerun

Viscosity Temp



Fluid Innovations:

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XTO pHaser 100% CleanWave Treated

Viscosity Temp

Delaware Basin - 280,000 ppm TDS, 29,000 ppm Ca, 22 ppm B

Fluid Profile



2012- Focus on Recycle of 100% Produced Water

17,777,428 gallons( 67,294 m3) of 100% produced water for 59 different wells for a total of 260 stages frac completions. We had success on all 260 stages in water with> 280,000 TDS with no crosslink fluid issues & no scaling issues

No production decrease vs. fresh water

Produced Water for Crosslink- Avg. savings 70-100K per well( others 200K per well)



Friction Reducers: Salt-Tolerant Friction Reducers for Slick water Fracs

100%

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FR-98, 0.1 gpt MC B-8642, 0.2 gpt MC 5-2510T, 0.5 gpt Lo-Surf 300FR-98

>200,000 mpl TDS water



Friction Reducers: Effects of Ca2+ on Standard FRs % Reduction vs. Time in 1/2-in Smooth Pipe

Looking at effects of Ca2+ on 2.5 lb/Mgal of Anionic FR-20

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Friction Reducers: Effects of Ca2+ on Standard FRs

% Reduction vs. Time in 1/2-in Smooth PipeLooking at effects of Ca2+ on 2.5 lb/Mgal of Anionic FR

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% Reduction vs. Time in 1/2-in Smooth PipeLooking at effects of Ca2+ on 2.5 lb/Mgal of Anionic FR

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050100200400600100015002000400010,00016,00022,00027,50034,00043,30052,400

ppm Calcium

Friction Reducers: Effects of Ca2+ on Standard FRs

100%

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Friction Reducers: Effects of Other Constituents on Standard FRs

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TDS = 10,800 mpl; TH = 600 mpl

TDS = 17,700 mpl; TH = 500 mpl

TDS = 33,300 mpl; TH = 1000 mpl

TDS = 98,600 mpl; TH = 10,200 mpl

TDS = 144,000 mpl; TH = 13,600 mpl

TDS = 166,000 mpl; TH = 4,900 mpl

TDS = 252,000 mpl; TH = 27,500 mpl

Lines: 1 gpt Anionic FR in Fresh Water, the benchmark



Salt Tolerant FRs- New innovations

FR-78 FR-88 FR-98

50-100k TDS

101-200k TDS

>200k TDS

Wide range in TDS



Scale Modeling



Scaling Tendencies

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Bakken Marcellus 1 Woodford Marcellus 2

Siderite

Barite

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(FeCO3)

(BaSO4)

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Brine 1 Brine 2 Brine 3 Brine 4

100%

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If You Mix With The Wrong (50/50 with reference tap water)

Pote

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Brine 1 Brine 1 Brine 2 Brine 2 Brine 3 Brine 3 Brine 4 Brine 4

Celestite Anhydrite

Siderite Barite

Calcite

+ reference municipal

water


water

(SrSO4)

(CaSO4)

(FeCO3)

(BaSO4)

(CaCO3)

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water


water



Water Treatment Technologies



TSS & TDS Removal for Frac Fluid Formulation

TDS Removal- Why pay to remove TDS when you can adjust fluid composition at a fraction of the costs? TSS Removal- Proppant conductivity study to be released in 2013



Permeability Summary- SPE paper to be released Q2 2013

Data suggest significant reductions in proppant conductivity occurs with improper recycle techniques.



Water Treatment Technologies Cost vs. Value Add

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Treatment Cost, $/bbl

Clean-

Distillation Evaporation

Ozone Ultrafiltration

RO

Chemical Precipitation

Small percentage removal of TSS/Hydrocarbon passing

residuals to the well

CleanWave

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Filtration Hydroclone

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TDS removal Not Necessary for re-use for frac fluids

2 4 6 8



EQUIPMENT: CleanWave

Electro coagulation Process 95-99% removal of TSS, Total Hydrocarbon, Iron, and Heavy Metals Kills MB and conditions variable water sources to be recycled



Waste Generation Considerations

CleanWave Service Waste Generation by volume of total water treated

Desalination Processes

Chemical Treatment CleanWave Service

25 50+% 10 20 %% <5%



For every barrel you recycle

Supply H2O Transport Cost

$/bbl Water Cost

$/bbl Flowback

Factor

Flowback Disposal Cost

$/bbl

Flowback Transport Cost

$/bbl

$2.00 $0.45 30.00% $1.25 $2.25

Eliminate a barrel of fresh water used and the cost to transport fresh water. Eliminate 95% + of the disposal volume and costs. Reduce the cost of flowback/produced transport Reduce the cost of brine addition for clay stabilization



The Value of Brine

CleanWave makes a clean brine from produced and flowback waters Using this brine can avert or significantly reduce costly additions of KCL and other clay stabilization products resulting in large ROI for producers. Why haul valuable brine( and water) away and then pay to add brine to fresh water?



El Paso: CleanWave Recycle Summary 2011

36 Wells serviced in 2011

496 Haynesville stages pumped using CleanWave treated fluid Total of 1,116,000 bbl of recycled water utilized and fresh water eliminated. That is 46,872,000 Gallons of fresh water saved

Net ROI 6K per well



Operational Highlights 2012 CleanWave System

Permian Basin Delivered 10,000 bbl of 100% recycled produced water for crosslinked frac fluid

Processed water with High TDS, chlorides, and other impurities pHazer frac fluid designed for water makeup Elimination of 83 truck loads of water Proven potential for Bakken application

Projected impact on $/BOE

Incremental cost of CleanWave modified fluid chemistry Poseidon tank replaced 84 frac tanks Total saving of 314 truck loads of water for the 1st three wells CleanWave($200K savings on new well)



Summary: 100% Water Recycling Microbiological Control for well & fluid integrity Scale Modeling and Inhibition

Standard water analysis for all waters Formation, Fracturing, and Production conditions Scale Inhibitors may be necessary

Friction Reducers- TSS & Microbes Advancements enables 100% Produced Water reuse

- Water Treatment is needed TDS > 200,000

Crosslinked Fluids 100% Produced Water reuse capabilities Fracturing Fluid Knowledge: crosslinking and breaking Water Treatment & Scale modeling >280,000 TDS



H2O Forward: Produced water is no longer a waste stream

We just found 51 billion barrels of water for hydraulic fracturing.



What about Microbes?



Uses ultraviolet light to control bacteria in fracturing fluid Minimizes or even eliminates biocides

DNA before exposure DNA after exposure

CleanStream® Service



Case Study

Before CleanStream service treatment 108 bacteria/mL

After CleanStream service treatment 101 bacteria/mL

Before CleanStream service treatment 102

bacteria/mL

After CleanStream service treatment 100 bacteria/mL

Aerobic Test Results Anaerobic SRB Test Results

CleanStream was utilized on a fracturing treatment stage of 75,416 gallons pumped at 79.3 bpm. A small concentration of conventional biocide was used downstream of the unit

to provide long-term protection.



CleanStream Service On-the-fly bacteria treatment at rates up to 100 bbl/min Minimize environmental footprint with the reduction or complete elimination of environmentally unfriendly biocides Over 1BB gallons of water treated with over 250,000 gallons of biocides removed.



Thank You


sustainable water · pdf filesustainable water management ... 49.4 94.8 6.42 6.24 278 213 657...

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