A presentation on

Influenza A (H1N1)SWINE FLU

by:GAURAV NINAMA (U12CE003)NIHARIKA PARMAR (U12CE004)PINGUL JIGNESH (U12CE013)

SARDAR VALLABHBHAI NATIONAL INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY , SURAT-07

Table of Content

• Intro• Difference between swine flu and common flu• How does it spread• Signs and Symptoms• Steps taken by Government • Steps taken by various countries to prevent

Swine Flu• Future scope

• Influenza H1N1 (referred to a swine flu early on) is a new influenza virus that is spreading from person-to-person.

• Swine influenza virus (referred to as SIV) refers to influenza cases that are caused by Orthomyxovirus endemic to pig populations.

• The first cases of human infection with novel H1N1 influenza virus were detected in April 2009 in San Diego and Imperial County, California and in Guadalupe County, Texas.

Swine Flu

Swine Flu differs from Human Flu

• The H1N1 swine flu viruses are antigenically very different from human H1N1 viruses and, therefore, vaccines for human seasonal flu would not provide protection from H1N1 swine flu viruses.

How does H1N1 Influenza spread?

• This virus is thought to spread the same way as seasonal flu spreads.

• Primarily through respiratory droplets – Coughing– Sneezing– Touching respiratory droplets on

yourself, another person, or an object, then touching mucus membranes (e.g., mouth, nose, eyes) without washing hands

Signs and symptomsSymptoms of H1N1 flu are similar to those associated with seasonal flu.• Fever • Cough • Sore throat • Runny or stuffy nose • Body aches • Headache• Chills• Fatigue• In addition, vomiting (25%) and diarrhea (25%) have been

reported. (Higher rate than for seasonal flu.)

Emergency warning signs in childrenIf a child gets sick and experiences any of these warning signs, seek emergency medical care.

In children: – Fast breathing or trouble breathing – Bluish or gray skin color – Not drinking enough fluids – Severe or persistent vomiting – Not waking up or not interacting – Irritable, the child does not want to be held – Flu-like symptoms improve but then return

with fever and worse cough

Can you get H1N1 Influenza from eating pork?

• No. The H1N1 influenza virus (formerly referred to as swine flu) virus is not spread by food.

• You cannot get novel H1N1 flu from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork products is safe.

Take these everyday steps to protect your health

• Wash your hands often with soap and warm water,

especially after you cough or sneeze. Wash for 15 – 20seconds.

• Alcohol-based hand wipes or gel sanitizers are also effective.

Take these everyday steps to protect your health

• Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.

• Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth.Germs spread this way.

• Avoid contact with sick people.

If you get sick…• Stay home if you’re sick

for 7 days after your symptoms begin or until you’ve been symptom-free for 24 hours, whichever is longer.

• If you are sick, limit your contact with other people as much as possible.

Watch for emergency warning signs Most people should be able to recover at home, but

watch for emergency warning signs that mean you should seek immediate medical care.

In adults: • Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath • Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen • Sudden dizziness • Confusion • Severe or persistent vomiting • Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with

fever and worse cough

Drugs which are effective in Swine Flu

• There are four different antiviral drugs that are licensed for use in the US for the treatment of influenza: Amantidine, rimantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir. While most swine influenza viruses have been susceptible to all four drugs

Who should get vaccine ?

• Children aged 6 months up to their 19th birthday • Pregnant women • People 50 years of age and older • People of any age with certain chronic medical

conditions • People who live in nursing homes and other long-

term care facilities

• People who live with or care for those at high risk for complications from flu, including: – Health care workers – Household contacts of persons at high risk for

complications from the flu – Household contacts and out of home caregivers of

children less than 6 months of age (these children are too young to be vaccinated)

Who should get vaccine ?

• People who have a severe allergy to chicken eggs.• People who have had a severe reaction to an influenza

vaccination in the past.• People who developed Guillian-Barre syndrome within

6 weeks of getting an influenza vaccine previously.• Children less than 6 months of age (influenza vaccine is

not approved for use in this age group).• People who have a moderate or severe illness with a

fever should wait to get vaccinated until their symptoms lessen.

Who Should NOT Get Vaccine?

Must have kit in USA

• Assembly a Flu Kit– Hand sanitizers– Cough drops– Tea bags– Gatorade– Facial tissues– Masks (N-95)– Gloves– Chicken soup– Prevention messages

Steps taken by the Indian Government

•  The Government is taking to reduce the incidence of swine flu:

1) Reducing person to person transmission of disease by quarantining patients diagnosed with disease.

2) Providing medicine to patients diagnosed with disease, and prophylactic dose to people who have come in contact. 

3) Tracing the contact history of patient and doing epidemiologically sound containment of the disease. 

• Govt sees that patients get medicines complete course• India has proactively launched Integrated Disease

Surveillance Programme (IDSP) as part of national health programs

• Prevention of cases

Flu like diseases have a higher rate of spread in India because of the bad sanitation and hygiene habits, like spitting on roads, not washing hands often, etc.

The Government alone cannot do anything to contain a disease. There has to be equal effort from the public too. 

Emergency measures by different countries

CANADAIssued a travel health notice, saying its public health agency was "tracking clusters of severe respiratory illness with deaths in Mexico

CHINAMeasures: Banned pork imports from Mexico, and

from California, Kansas and Texas in the United States.

• INDIA

–Measures: Indian health officials advised citizens to postpone their non-essential travel to the swine flu-hit regions.

– Stepped up surveillance at ports and airports.– States asked to review their preparedness.

.

U.S.AMeasures: The government declared a public health emergency to free up federal, state and local agencies and their resources, should the need arise.The government urged travelers to avoid non-essential travel to Mexico.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued emergency authorization for the use of two of the most common anti-viral drugs, Tamiflu and Relenza. The authorization allows the distribution of the drugs by a broader range of health care workers and loosens age limits for their use.

What can be done to improve existing measures ?

• At present, India has only 46 accredited labs , while in Gujarat there are only 5-6 certified labs which have come forward to help in testing the patients.

• Efforts can be made to increase the number of labs and infrastructure pertaining to swine flu treatment

• Few experts argued that India is lagging behind in epidemiological and genomic research into H1N1 outbreaks, which is critical in anticipating future epidemics and vaccines’ effectiveness.

• Another gap in India’s response has been the lack of data on the swine flu viral genome. India has contributed surprisingly little to global databases on the influenza genome even though it sees frequent large outbreaks

What can be done to improve existing measures ?

Future Scope

• Influenza A pandemic is no longer hype or horror but a reality spreading at a very dangerous speed

• It is the responsibility of every stakeholder/essential service provider, policymaker, decision maker to act proactively to prevent/prepare for any such emergency situation

• Practising the pandemic medical management plans through simulation-based exercises enhance the level of reflexes and augment the operational readiness

• It is apparent to promote a global collaborative approach from health care experts, government and media, to control and curb the spread of infection worldwide