swot and porter
TRANSCRIPT
PORTER’s FIVE FORCES MODEL
Michael E. Porter
Born in 1947. Professors in Harvard
Business School. Introduced Porter's 5
Forces Model. Written 18 books & over
125 Articles.
Porter’s Five Forces Chart
INTRODUCTION• The Five Forces model of Porter is an outside-
in business unit strategy tool that is used to make an analysis of the attractiveness (value...) of an industry structure.
• It captures the key elements of industry competition.
BuyersSuppliers
Substituteproducts
Potentialentrants
Industry competitors
Rivalry amongexisting firms
Threat ofnew entrants
Bargaining powerof suppliers
Bargaining powerof buyers
Threat ofsubstitutes
PORTER’s FIVE FORCES MODEL
Threat of New Entrants
Barriers to Entry
Government Policy
Expected Retaliation
Economies of Scale
Product Differentiation
Capital Requirements
Customer Switching Costs
Access to Distribution Channels
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Suppliers exert power in the industry by:
* Threatening to raiseprices or to reduce quality
Powerful suppliers can squeeze industry profitability if firms are unable to recover cost increases
Suppliers are likely to be powerful if:
Supplier industry is dominated by a few firmsSuppliers’ products have few substitutes
Buyer is not an important customer to supplier
Suppliers’ product is an important input to buyers’ product
Suppliers’ products are differentiated
Suppliers’ products have high switching costs
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Buyers compete with the supplying industry
by:
* Bargaining down prices
* Forcing higher quality
* Playing firms off ofeach other
Buyer groups are likely to be powerful if:Buyers are concentrated
Purchase accounts for a significant fraction of supplier’s sales
Products are undifferentiated
Buyers face few switching costs
Buyer presents a credible threat of backward integrationBuyer has full information
Threat of Substitute Products
Products with similar function limit the prices firms can charge
Keys to evaluate substitute products:Products with improving price/performance tradeoffs relative to present industry products
Example:
Electronic security systems in place of security guards
Fax machines in place of overnight mail delivery
Threat of Substitute: Examples
Rivalry Among Existing CompetitorsIntense rivalry often plays out in the following ways:
Using price competition
Staging advertising battles
Making new product introductionsIncreasing consumer warranties or service
Occurs when a firm is pressured or sees an opportunity
Price competition often leaves the entire industry worse off
Advertising battles may increase total industry demand, but may be costly to smaller competitors
Intensity of rivalry among established firms : Examples
Coca-cola• Traditional competition:
Prices of Pepsi, local brands Market share Promotional actions of competition
• New entrants: New “look-a-like” manufacturers
• Substitute products: Fashionable new drinks, milk drinks, coffee, beer, ...
Coca-cola• Suppliers:
Price and availability of ingredients on world market Quality speed safety, traceability, flexibility of supply
chain
• Buyers/consumers: High as a result of intense competition both
among branded and unbranded products. Combined purchase power of shops, bars, supermarkets
Strengths of five forces model:
The model is strong tool for competitive analysis at industry level.
It provides useful input for performing a SWOT analysis.
Limitations • Inside-out strategy is ignored (core competence)
• It does not cope with synergies and interdependencies within the portfolio of large corporations (parenting advantage)
• The environments which are characterized by rapid, systemic and radical change require more flexible, dynamic or emergent approaches to strategy formulation (disruptive innovation)
• Sometimes it may be possible to create completely new markets instead of selecting from existing ones (blue ocean strategy)
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGHTS:• good capabilities• capacities of producing good products• products• technologies• R&D efforts• human resources• demand from the client- from the • amount of knowledge • technical skills
WEAKNESS:• product mass become obsolete• technology has become obsolete• key management power may not be there• key man power may not be there
The point is not that the company is having weaknesses and that the company should closedown; the best part is that whether this company is able to trace this weakness and take the corrective measures or not.
CONT….
OPPORTUNITIES:• a company can identify new products• the company can go for new sectors• the company can go for new geography• new economy - the company can go and extend
their market• company can take the advantage of the changing
lifestyle• can go for the opportunities available technology
changing
THREATS:• political threats• legislative threat• environmental threat• technology threat• from the partners• joint venture alliances• from the buyers• from the suppliers• from the key staff How the company is take the advantage -
take care of these threats and go for a counter actions so that the threats are minimized.