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SYLLABUS

B.Sc. (Horticulture) Hons.

2016-17

FACULTY OF HORTICULTURE

Compiled and Edited By:

Dr. S. K. Jain

(Professor & Head, PHT)

Published by:

Dr. L.K. Dashora

Dean & Chairman

Faculty of Horticulture

AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY

KOTA- 324 001

VICE- CHANCELLOR

SECRETARIAT AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY, KOTA-

324 001 Phone:0744-2321204, Fax-0744-2321203

Email: [email protected]

Dr. G.L. Keshwa

Vice-Chancellor

FOREWORD

The course curricula of undergraduate programme have been restructured for building academic

linkages with various institution and professionals for improving quality in Horticultural

education. The present syllabus is adoption of new and restructured graduate course curricula

and syllabi in Horticulture as per guidelines of Deans’ Committee as recommended by ICAR.

The curricula are well-adopted by Agriculture University, Kota since academic session 2013-14.

The syllabi contains lecture schedule for both theory & practical classes and suggested

relevant books for reference. All the Heads/ Incharges of Departments of College of Horticulture

& Forestry, Jhalawar deserve admiration for their critical input for the compilation of syllabus. I

acknowledge their valuable co-operation and involvement. The sincere efforts of Dr. L.K.

Dashora, Dean and Faculty Chairman, College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalawar are worth

appreciation for publication of syllabi in the present shape on behalf of Agriculture University,

Kota. I also compliment Dr. S.K. Jain, Professor & Head, Department of Post Harvest

Technology for compiling and editing this important manuscript, which would prove befitting

for the teachers, students and the entire faculty of Horticulture of Agriculture University, Kota.

Dated: 02.07.2016 ( G.L. Keshwa)

COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE &

FORESTRY (Agriculture University, Kota)

Jhalarapatan, Jhalawar- 326001 (Raj.) Phone:07432-241155, Fax-07432-242155

Email: [email protected]

Dr. L.K. Dashora

Dean

PREFACE

The undergraduate course curricula as recommended by the IV Dean’s committee under the

aegis of Indian Council of Agricultural Research New Delhi after revision through Board of

studies and Academic Council are being implemented in the university. The present document

contains semester wise distribution of courses, syllabus, lecture schedule and suggested reference

books of the B.Sc. (Horticulture) Hons. degree programme. I convey my sincere thanks to all the

Heads/ Incharges of Departments of College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalawar for their

cooperation and assistance in preparation of present manuscript. Dr. S.K. Jain, Professor &

Head, Department of Post Harvest Technology deserves due appreciation who have meticulously

compiled this important manuscript, which would prove befitting for the teachers, students and

the entire faculty of Horticulture of Agriculture University, Kota.

Dated: 02.07.2016 ( L.K. Dashora)

1

B.Sc. (Horticulture) Honours

Semester wise distribution of courses

Semester I

Course No. Course Title Credit Hrs.

BAS-111 Elementary Statistics and Computer Application 3(2+1)

BAS-112 Basic Mathematics (Biology Group) (NC)* 3(3+0)

BAS-113 Introductory Botany (Math Group) (NC)* 3(2+1)

BAS-114 Structural Grammar & Spoken English (NC) 2(1+1)

BAS-115 Introductory Plant Physiology 2(1+1)

BAS-116 Principles of Genetics and Cytogenetics 3(2+1)

BAS-117 Introductory Economics 2(2+0)

BAS-118 Elementary Plant Biochemistry & Biotechnology 3(2+1)

BAS-119 Introductory Microbiology 2(1+1)

NRM-111 Fundamentals of Soil Science 3(2+1)

FRS-111 Fundamentals of Horticulture 3(2+1)

Physical Education (NC) 1(0+1)

NCC/NSS (NC) 1(0+1)

Total 21 (14+7)

NC=7

Semester –II


FRS-121 Tropical and Subtropical Fruits 3(2+1)

FRS-122 Water Management in Horticultural Crops 2(1+1)

VEG-121 Tropical and Subtropical Vegetables 3(2+1)

FLS-121 Principles of Landscape Gardening 1(0+1)

PHT-121 Fundamentals of Food Technology 2(1+1)

BAS-121 Principles of Plant Breeding 3(2+1)

BAS-122 Growth and Development of Horticultural Crops 2(1+1)

NRM-121 Environmental Science 3(2+1)

NRM-122 Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management 2(1+1)

NCC/NSS (NC) 1(0+1)

Total 21 (12+9)

NC=1

Semester –III


FRS-211 Temperate Fruits 2(1+1)

FRS-212 Plant Propagation and Nursery Management 2(1+1)

2

VEG-211 Temperate Vegetables 2(1+1)

FLS-211 Commercial Floriculture 3(2+1)

PPR-211 Fundamentals of Plant Pathology 3(2+1)

PPR-212 Fundamentals of Entomology 3(2+1)

FPU-213 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 3(2+1)

NRM-211 Organic Farming 2(1+1)

NCC/NSS (NC) 1(0+1)

Total 20 (12+8)

NC=1

Semester –IV

Course No. Course Title Credit Hrs..

FRS-221 Plantation Crops 3(2+1)

FRS-222 Orchard Management 2(1+1)

VEG-221 Spices and Condiments 3(2+1)

VEG-222 Potato and Tuber Crops 3(2+1)

FLS-221 Ornamental Horticulture 3(2+1)

NRM-221 Soil and Plant Analysis 2(1+1)

PPR-221 Insect Pests of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants 3(2+1)

PPR-222 Diseases of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 3(2+1)

BAS-221 Fundamentals of Extension Education 2(1+1)

NCC/NSS (NC) 1(0+1)

Total 24 (15+9)

NC=1

Semester –V


FRS-311 Weed Management in Horticultural Crops 3(2+1)

VEG-311 Breeding of Vegetable, Tuber and Spice Crops 3(2+1)

PHT-311 Post Harvest Management of Horticultural Crops 3(2+1)

PPR-311 Nematode Pests of Horticultural Crops and their Management 2(1+1)

PPR-312 Diseases of Vegetable, Ornamentals and Spice Crops 3(2+1)

PPR-313 Mushroom Culture 1(0+1)

NRM-311 Farm Power and Machinery 2(1+1)

NRM-315 Introduction to Major Field Crops 2(1+1)

SILV-311 Introductory Agroforestry 2(1+1)

Total 21 (12+9)

3

Semester –VI


PPR-321 Apiculture 1(0+1)

PPR-322 Insect Pests of Vegetable, Ornamental and Spice Crops 3(2+1)

FRS-321 Breeding of Fruit and Plantation Crops 3(2+1)

VEG-321 Seed production of Vegetable, Tuber and Spice Crops 3(2+1)

FLS-321 Breeding and Seed Production of Ornamental Plants 3(2+1)

NRM-321 Horti-Business Management 2(2+0)

BAS-321 Entrepreneurship Development and Communication Skills 2(1+1)

PHT-321 Processing of Horticultural Crops 3(1+2)

Total 20 (12+8)

HANDS ON TRAINING/EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING AREAS IDENTIFIED

At a time students shall undergo hands-on-training in two specialized areas of study out

of following four, subject to availability of infrastructure at the college. The areas of

specialization are follows:

Protected cultivation of high value crops

Nursery production and management

Post harvest technology and value addition

Floriculture and landscape gardening

Final year B.Sc. (Horticulture) students have to select any two areas (given above) to undergo

specialized training in VII and VIII semester

VII Semester:

(i) Experiential learning (Professional Package-I) (14 weeks) 15

(ii) RHWEP & Placement in industries (3 weeks) 5

Total 20

VIII Semester

(i) Experiential learning (Professional Package-II) (14 weeks) 15

(ii) RHWEP & Placement in industries (3 weeks) 5

Total 20

Summary of Semester wise Credit Distribution

S. No. Activity Credit Hrs.

1 Course work upto VI semester 127 (Minimum)

2 RHWEP/Hands-on-Training in VII and VIII

semester

40

Total 167 (Minimum)

4

B.Sc. (Horticulture) Honours, Part I

I Semester

BAS-111 Elementary Statistics and Computer Application 3 (2+ 1)

Theory:

Basic concepts: Meaning of statistics, types and sources of data, classification and

tabulation of data, construction of frequency distribution, tables. Graphic representation of data:

simple, multiple components and percentage, bar diagram, pie diagram, histogram, frequency

polygon and frequency curve. Average and measures of location: Mean, mode, median,

geometric mean, harmonic mean, percentiles and quadrilles, for raw and grouped data.

Dispersion: Range, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation for raw and grouped

data. Probability: Basic concept, additive and multiplicative laws. Theoretical distributions:

Binominal, poison and normal distributions; Sampling: basic concepts, sampling vs. complete

enumeration, parameter and statistic; Sampling methods: Simple random sampling and stratified

random sampling. Tests of Significance: Basic concepts, tests for equality of means, and

independent and paired t-tests, chi-square test for application of attributes and test for goodness

of fit of mendalian ratios. Correlation: Scatter diagram, correlation co-efficient and its properties,

regression, fitting of simple linear regression, test of significance of correlation and regression

coefficient. Experimental Designs: Basic concepts, completely randomized design, randomized

block design, latin square designs; Factorial experiments: basic concepts, analysis of factorial

experiments up to 3 factors; Split plot design, strip plot design, long term experiments, plot size,

guard rows. Computer application: Introduction to computers and personal computers, basic

concepts, operating system, DOS and Windows; Introduction to programming languages, BASIC

language, concepts, basic and programming techniques, MS Office: MS-Word, Excel, Power

Point; Introduction to Multi-Media and its application. VISUAL BASIC: concepts, basic and

programming techniques; introduction to Internet.

Practical: Construction of frequency distribution table and its graphical representation, histogram,

frequency polygon, frequency curve, bar chart, simple, multiple, component and percentage bar

charts, pie chart, mean, mode for row and grouped data, percentiles, quartile, and median for row

and grouped data, coefficient of variation, ‘t’ test for independent, paired ‘t’ test, chi-square test

for contingency tables and theoretical ratios, correlation and linear regression. Studies on

computer components – BASIC language, VISUAL BASIC, programming techniques; MS

Office: Word, Excel, Power Point.

Lecture Schedule: Theory

S.No. Topics Tentative

Dates

1. Basic concepts: Meaning and definition of statistics, aim, scope

2. Types and sources of data

3. Classification and tabulation of data, construction of frequency distribution

4. Tables, graphic representation of data, simple, multiple component and

percentage

5. Bar diagram, pie diagram, histogram, frequency polygon and frequency curve

6. Measures of location : mean, mode, median

5

7. Geometric mean, harmonic mean and percentiles and quadrilles for raw and

grouped data

8. Dispersion: Range, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation

9. Probability: Basic concept, additive and multiplicative laws

10. Theoretical distributions: Binominal and poison distributions

11. Theoretical distributions: Normal distribution

12. Sampling, basic concepts, sampling vs. complete enumeration, parameter and

statistic

13. Sampling methods : simple random sampling and stratified random sampling

14. Tests of Significance: Basic concepts, tests for equality of means and

independent and paired t-tests

15. Chi-square test for application of attributes and test for goodness of fit of

mendalian ratios

16. Correlation: Scatter diagram, correlation co-efficient and its properties

17. Regression, fitting of simple linear regression

18. Test of significance of correlation and regression coefficient

19. Experimental Designs: Basic concepts

20. Completely randomized design

21. Randomized block design and Latin square designs

22. Factorial experiments: Basic concepts, analysis of factorial experiments up to

3 factors

23. Split plot design and

24. Strip plot design

25. Introduction to computers and personal computers

26. Basic concepts: Operating system, DOS and Windows 95

27. MS Office: MS-Word, Excel, Power Point

28. Introduction to programming languages

29. BASIC language, concepts, basic and programming techniques

30. VISUAL BASIC-concepts, basic and programming techniques

31. Introduction to Internet

32. Introduction to Multi-Media and its application.

Lecture Schedule: Practicals


Dates

1. Construction of frequency distribution table and its graphical representation

2. Histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve, bar chart,

3. simple, multiple, component and percentage bar charts, pie chart

4. Mean, mode for row and grouped data, percentiles, quadrille

5. Median for row and grouped data

6. Coefficient of variation

7. Independent t-test

8. Paired t-test or Dependent t-test

9. Chi-square test for contingency tables and theoretical ratios

6

10. Problems related to coefficient of correlation

11. Problems related to Linear regression equation with least square method

12. Problems related to solving Linear regression equations

13. Introduction to computer components

14. MS Office, Excel, Power

15. BASIC language, VISUAL BASIC, programming techniques

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Agrawal, B.L. (1996). Programmed Statistics. New Age International Publishers.

2. Chandel, S.R.S. (2004). A Handbook of Agricultural Statistics. Achal Prakashan Mandir,

Kanpur.

3. Das, M.N. and Giri. N.C. (1986). Design and analysis of Experiments. New Age

International Publishers.

4. Rao, G.N. (1983). Statistics for Agricultural Science. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.

5. Gomez, K.A. and Gomez , A.A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research.

John Wiley and Sons.

6. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K. (2006). Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics. Sultan

Chand and Sons, New Delhi.

7. Gupta S.C. (2006). Fundamentals of Statistics. Himalaya Publishing House. New Delhi

8. Sinha, P.K. and Shinha, P. (2003) Computer Fundamentals - 4th Revised Edition. B.P.B.

Publications

9. Sukthame and C. Ashok (1984). Sampling Theories and Surveys with Application.

ICAR, New Delhi, 3rd ed.

10. Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1985). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers.

ICAR, New Delhi.

BAS-112 Basic Mathematics (NC) 3(3+0)

Theory:

Elementary idea of complex number. Arithmetic and Geometric progressions. Elementary idea

of permutation and combinations. Binomial theocrem for positive integral index, any index and

their applications, addition and substraction formulae. A, B and C, D formulae. Sine and Cosine

formulae. Inverse Trignometric functions. Introduction to matrices and determinants, special

type of matrices, addition, substraction and multiplication of matries. Inverse of a matrix

solution of system of linear equations using Cramer’s rule and matrices method. Measures of

central tendency and dispersion. Correlation and Regression. Elementary idea of probability

theory.



Dates

1. Elementary idea of complex number : Introduction, Complex number in

the form of a+ib, Real and imaginary parts of complex number, Conjugate

of Complex Number

2. Modulus and argument of a complex number, Algebra of complex number

7

3. Polar representation of complex number, square root of complex number

4. Cube roots of unity

5. Problems on complex number

6. Arithmetic progression

7. Geometric progression

8. Elementary idea of permutation

9. Elementary idea of combinations

10. Binomial theorem for positive integral index, any index and their

applications

11. Problems on Binomial theorem

12. Problems on Binomial theorem

13. Addition and subtraction formulae. A, B and C, D formulae



16. Sine and Cosine formulae

17. Sine and Cosine formulae

18. Inverse Trigonometric functions

19. Problems based on Inverse Trigonometric functions

20. Problems based on Inverse Trigonometric functions

21. Introduction to matrices

22. Addition of matrices

23. Subtraction of matrices

24. Multiplication

25. Miscellaneous problems on matrices

26. Introduction of determinants

27. Properties of determinant

28. Miscellaneous problems on determinants

29. Inverse of a matrix solution of system of linear equations using Cramer’s

rule

30. Inverse of a matrix solution of system of linear equations using matrices

method

31. Introduction of measures of location

32. Mean

33. Mode

34. Median

35. Geometric mean, harmonic mean and percentiles and quadrilles for raw

and grouped data

36. Introduction of dispersion: Range,

37. standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation

8

38. Introduction of correlation

39. Types of correlation

40. Measures of coefficient of correlation

41. Properties of coefficient of correlation

42. Problems based on coefficient of correlation

43. Introduction of regression

44. Lines of regression equations

45. Properties of coefficient of regression

46. Problems based on regression

47. Elementary idea of probability theory

48. Properties of probability and Problems based on probability

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Veena, G.R. (2005). Comprehensive Basic Mathematics Vol. II. New Age International

Publishers.

2. Gangadharan (2003). Engineering Mathematics, Vol. I. Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd

3. Rao, Govinda, H.S.(2005). Engineering Mathematics, Vol. I. New Age International

Publishers

BAS-113 Introductory Botany (NC) 3(2+1)

THEORY

Introduction to Botany and general classification of plants. Parts of a typical flowering

plant. Morphology of root, stem, leaf and flower. Structure and types of plant tissues. Internal

structure of Dicot and Monocot Stems, Roots and a typical Leaf. Significance of life cycle with

special reference to alternation of generations in Chlamydomonas, Rhizopus, Funaria, Adiantum,

Pinus and a flowering plant. Importance of plants in relation to environments.

PRACTICAL:

Morphological studies of roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Studies of permanent slides of

histology and anatomy. Morphological studies of gametophytes and sporophytes of the plants

pertaining to the life cycle. General survey of the local vegetation. A field trip during the

semester.



Dates

1. Introduction to Botany

2. General classification of plants

3. Parts of a typical flowering plant

4. Parts of a typical flowering plant continue

5. Morphology of root

6. Morphology of stem

http://www.newagepublishers.com/servlet/nadispinfo?offset=0&searchtype=Author&text1=Rao,%20Govinda%20H.S.&ordby=Publication%20Year

9

7. Morphology of leaf

8. Morphology of flower

9. Structure and types of plant tissues

10. Internal structure of Dicot and Monocot stems

11. Internal structure of Dicot and Monocot Roots

12. Internal structure of Dicot and Monocot Leaf

13. Life cycle of Chlamydomonas, Rhizopus

14. Life cycle of Funaria and Adiantum

15. Life cycle of Pinus and a flowering plant

16. Importance of plants in relation to environments.



Dates

1. Introduction to microscopy- simple and compound microscope

2. Uses of staining technique

3. Morphological studies of roots

4. Morphological studies of stems

5. Morphological studies of leaves

6. Morphological studies of flowers

7. Studies of permanent slides of histology

8. Studies of permanent slides of anatomy

9. Morphological studies of gametophytes

10. Morphological studies of sporophytes

11. General survey of the local vegetation

12. A field trip

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Dutta, A.C (2005). A class book of Botany. Oxford University Press, New Delhi

2. Kumar, A. (2001). Botany in forestry and environment. Avichal Press(p) Ltd. Anand

3. Pandey B.P. (1978). Economic Botany. Rajendra Ravindra Printers, New delhi

4. Kumar, Bendre ( 2009). A text book of Practicle botany 2, Rastogi publications, Meerut

BAS-114 Structural Grammar and Spoken English (NC) 2(1+1)

Theory:

Structural Grammar: Introduction of Word Classes; Structure of Verb in English;

Uses of Tenses; Study of Voice; Study of Conjunctions and Prepositions; Sentence Patterns

in English. Spoken English: Conversations of different situations in everyday life; the

concept of stress; stress shift in words and sentences; silent letters in words and

pronunciation of words with silent letters, the basic intonation patterns.

Practical:

10

Structural Grammar: Exercises in word classes, identification and study of verbs in

sentences, application of tenses and voice, exercises in conjunctions and prepositions, other

structural grammar exercises, report writing, letter writing (different types of letters). Spoken

English: Conversations of everyday life, the concept of stress; stress shift. Silent letters in

words, basic intonation patterns, preparing and address.



Dates

1. Introduction of Word Classes

2. Structure of Verb in English

3. Uses of Tenses

4. Tenses continue

5. Study of Voice

6. Study of Conjunctions

7. Study of Prepositions

8. Sentence Patterns

9. Conversations of different situations in everyday life

10. Conversations continue

11. the concept of stress

12. stress shift in words

13. stress shift in sentences

14. silent letters in words

15. pronunciation of words with silent letters

16. the basic intonation patterns



Dates

1. Exercises in word classes

2. identification and study of verbs in sentences

3. application of tenses

4. application of voice

5. exercises in conjunctions

6. exercises in prepositions

7. report writing

8. letter writing

9. Conversations of everyday life

10. the concept of stress

11. stress shift in words

12. stress shift in sentences

13. silent letters in words

11

14. pronunciation of words with silent letters

15. the basic intonation patterns

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Agarwal, N.K (2008). A Senior English grammer and composition. Goyal brothers. New

Delhi

2. Jain, B.B (2006). Learn to write correct English. Upkar Publications. New Delhi.

3. Pal, R. and Suri P. (2004) English Grammer and composition. Sultan chand and Sons.

New Delhi

4. Wren and Martin (2008). Text book of Grammer. Sultan chand and Sons. New Delhi

BAS-115 Introductory Plant Physiology 2(1+1)

Theory:

Water Relations in Plants: Role of water in plant metabolism, osmosis inhibition,

diffusion, water potential and its components, measurement of water potential in plants,

absorption of water, mechanism of absorption and ascent of sap. Stomata: Structure, distribution,

classification, mechanism of opening and closing of stomata. Osmotic pressure, guttation, stem

bleeding; transpiration methods and mechanism and factors affecting transpiration. Drought:

Different types of stresses; water, heat and cold tolerance; mechanism of tolerance. Plant

Nutrition: Essentiality, mechanism of absorption and its role in plant metabolism.

Photosynthesis, structure and function of chloroplast, dark and light reactions, cyclic and non-

cyclic electron transfer, CO2 fixation – C3, C4 and CA metabolism, advantages of C4 pathway.

Respiration, Photorespiration and its implications, factors affecting photosynthesis.

Phytohormones, physiological role in controlling plant processes. Environmental stimuli for

plant development.

Practical:

Measurement of water potential, osmosis, root pressure, structure of the stomata,

distribution, opening and closing of the stomata, measurement, transpiration and calculation of

transpirational pull demonstration. Importance of light and chlorophyll in photosynthesis,

pigment identification in horticultural crops and studying the enzyme activity of catalase,

estimation of phenols, studying plant movements, root initiation in cuttings.



Dates

1. Water relations in plants: role of water in plant metabolism.

2. Osmosis, imbibition, diffusion, Water potential and its components,

3. Absorption of water, Mechanisms of absorption, Ascent of sap.

4. Stomata, structure, distribution, Classification, mechanisms of opening

and closing of stomata, Imbibition, plasmolysis

5. Guttation, transpiration, factors affecting transpiration.

6. Different types of stresses: water, heat and cold tolerance

12

7. Mechanism of tolerance. Plant nutrition: Essentiality Mechanism of

absorption, Role in plant metabolism,

8. Photosynthesis, importance of photosynthesis

9. Structure and function of chloroplast,

10. Dark and light reactions, CO2 fixation, C3 , C4 and CAM, Advantages of

C4 pathway,

11. Photorespiration and its implications.

12. Respiration, Factors affecting the photosynthesis

13. Glycolysis, TCA cycle and Electron transport chain, ATP synthesis and

factors affecting the respiration

14. Phyotohormones

15. Physiological role in controlling plant process.

16. Environmental stimuli for plant development, growth and development

of plant



Dates

1. Measurement of water potential by different methods,

2. Osmosis – demonstration,

3. Plasmolysis – demonstration,

4. Root pressure – demonstration,

5. Transpiration rate,

6. Studying the structure of stomata,

7. Studying the opening and closing of stomata

8. Demonstration of importance of light in photosynthesis,

9. Separation of xanthophyll, Chlorophyll in plants,

10. Studying the activity of catalase

11. Detection of. phenols in plants,

12. Studying the plant movements

13. Root initiation in cuttings

14. Study of Growth kinetics

15. Study of Growth hormones

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Malik C.P, Srivastav A.K (2004) Text book of Plant physiology. Kalyani publishers.

New Delhi

2. Pandey S. N, Sinha B.K (2004). Plant physiology. Vikas publishing house, New Delhi.

3. Salisbury and Ross (2007). Plant physiology. CBS publishers and Distributors, New

Delhi

13

BAS-116 Principles of Genetics and Cytogenetics 3 (2+1)

Theory:

Historical background of genetics, theories and hypothesis. Physical basis of heredity,

cell reproduction, mitosis, meiosis and its significance. Gametogenesis and syngamy in plants.

Mendelian genetics–Mendel’s principles of heredity, deviation from Mendelian inheritance,

pleiotropy, threshold characters, co-dominance, penetrance and expressivity. Chromosome

theory of inheritance, gene interaction. Modification of monohybrid and dihybrid rations.

Multiple alleles, quantitative inheritance linkage and crossing over, sex linked inheritance and

characters. Cytoplasmic inheritance and maternal effects. Chemical basis of heredity, structure of

DNA and its replication. Evidence to prove DNA and RNA – as genetic material. Mutations

and their classification. Chromosomal aberrations, changes in chromosome structure and

number.

Practical:

Study of fixatives and stains. Squash and smear techniques. Demonstrations of

permanent slides and cell division, illustration in plant cells, pollen fertility and viability,

determination of gametes, Solving problems of monohybrid, dihybrid, and test cross ratios using

chi-square test, gene interactions, estimation of linkages using three point test cross from F2 data

and construction of linkage maps. Genetic variations in man.



Dates

1. Introduction and History of genetics

2. Hypothesis-theories.

3. Physical basis of heredity,

4. Cell reproduction – mitosis

5. Cell reproduction - meiosis and its significance

6. Gametogenesis and syngamy in plants.

7. Mendel’s principles of heredity,

8. Deviation from Mendelian inhritance,

9. Pleiotropy,

10. Threshold characters,

11. Co-dominance pentrance and expresivity

12. Chromosome theory of inheritance

13. Gene interaction

14. Modification of monohybrid and dihybrid ratios

15. Multiple alleles

16. Quantitative inheritance

17. Linkage and crossing over

18. Sex determination - theories

19. Sex linked inheritance and characters

14

20. Cytoplasmic inheritance and maternal effects

21. Chemical basis of heredity

22. Structure of DNA

23. DNA replication

24. Evidences to prove DNA as genetic material

25. Mutation and its classification

26. Chromosomal aberrations

27. Changes in chromosome structure and number

28. Polyploidy mutation

29. Mode of pollination

30. Genetic code



Dates

1. To study structure of angiospermic flower

2. Floral biology study in some crops

3. Study of fixatives and stains

4. Preparation of slides showing various stages of mitosis

5. Preparation of slides showing various stages of meiosis

6. Testing the viability

7. Germination of pollen grains

8. Solving the problems on monohybrid

9. Solving the problems on dihybrid crosses

10. Estimation of linkages/chromosome mapping

11. Structure of DNA double model.

12. Chromosomal aberration

13. Determine progeny testing.

14. Study of cell organelles in plant,

15. Study of polyploidy method.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Gardner, Simmons, Snustard (2007). Principles of Genetics. Wiley India, new Delhi.

2. Gupta S.K. (2008). Plant Breeding theory and techniques. Agrobios india, Jodhpur.

3. Rastogi V.B. (2004). A text book of Genetics. Kedarnath Ramnath, Meerut

4. Singh B.D. (2008). Plant breeding Principals and methods. Kalyani publishers. New

Delhi.

5. Singh S. and Panwar I.S (2006). Genetic basis and method of plant breeding. CBS

Publisher and distributiors. New Delhi

15

BAS-117 Introductory Economics 2(2+0)

Theory:

Nature and scope of economics, definition and concepts, divisions of economics,

approaches to the study of economics. Consumption – theory of consumer behaviour, laws of

consumption, classification of goods. Wants – their characteristics and classification, utility and

its measurement, cardinal and ordinal, law of diminishing marginal utility, law of equi-marginal

utility, indifference curve and its properties, consumer equilibrium. Theory of demand, demand

schedule and curve, market demand. Price, income and cross elasticities, Engil’s law of family

expenditure – consumer’s surplus. Factors of production – land and its characteristics, labour

and division of labour, theories of population. Capital and its characteristics – classification and

capital formation. Laws of return – law of diminishing marginal return – cost concepts. Law of

supply – supply schedule. Distribution – modern theories of rent, wage, interest and profit.

Price determination under various market structures.



Dates

1. Nature and scope of economics

2. Definition and concept

3. Division of economics

4. Approaches to the study of economics

5. Theory of consumer behaviour

6. Laws of consumption

7. Classification of goods

8. Wants-their characteristics and classification,

9. Utility and its measurement. Cardinal and ordinal.

10. Law of diminishing marginal utility.

11. Law of equi- marginal utility.

12. Indifference curve and its properties.

13. Consumer equilibrium. Theory of demand.

14. Demand schedule and curve market demand

15. Price, income and cross elasticities.

16. Engils law of family expenditure-consumer,s surplus .

17. Factors of production-land and its characteristics

18. labour and division of labour

19. Theories of population

20. capital and its characteristics-classification and capital formation.

21. continue

22. Laws of return-law of diminishing marginal return.

23. continue

24. Cost concepts.

25. Law of supply, supply schedule.

26. Modern theories of rent, wage, interest and profit.

27. continue

28. continue

29. continue

30. Price determination under various market structures.

16

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Bhushan Y.K (2008). Fundamental of Buisness organization and management. Sultan Chand

and sons, New Delhi

2. Lekhi R.K, Singh J. (1996). Agricultural Economics. Kalyani publishers. New Delhi

3. Reddy S.S, Ram P.R, Sastry T.V.N., Devi I. B.( 2005). Agricultural Economics. Oxford &

IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

4. Varma J.D, Dewett K.K (2006). Elementary Economic Theroy. SChand and company. New

Delhi.

5. David K.K. (1999) Modern economic theory. Sultan Chand and company, New Delhi

BAS-118 Elementary Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 3(2+1)

Theory:

Carbohydrates: Occurrence classification and structure, physical and chemical properties

of carbohydrates, isomerism, optical activity, reducing property, reaction with acids and alkalis,

ozone formation. Lipids: Classification, important fatty acids and triglycerides, essential fatty

acids. Physical and chemical control of oils, their rancidity, phospholipids, types and

importance. Plant pigments – structure and function of chlorophyll and carotenoids, sterols,

basic structure, role of brassinosteroles in plants. Proteins: Classification, function and solubility,

amino acids – classification and structure, essential amino acids, properties of amino acids,;

structure of proteins – primary, secondary tertiary and quaternary properties and reaction of

proteins. Enzymes: Classification and mechanism of action; factors affecting enzyme action, co-

factors and co-enzymes. Vitamins and minerals as co-enzymes/co-factors. Carbohydrate

metabolism – glycolysis and TCA-cycle; metabolism of lipids, fatty acid oxidation, biosynthesis

of fatty acids, electron transport chain, bioenergetics of glucose and fatty acids. Structure and

function of nucleic acid replication, transcription and translation.

History of biotechnology. Fundamental principles, micro-propagation and scope for

commercialization. Application of micro-grafting in horticultural crops, meristem culture, anther

culture, pollen culture, embryo culture, callus culture, cell culture, somoclonal variation,

protoplast isolation, culture, fusion and applications. Cryopreservation .Genetic engineering.

Future scope and present trends. Importance of biotechnology in horticulture.

Practical:

Preparation of standard solutions and reagents. Carbohydrates – qualitative reaction,

estimation of starch, reducing and non-reducing sugars; reaction of proteins, estimation of

proteins by Lowery method. Estimation of free fatty acids; determination of iodine number of

vegetable oils. Vitamins – estimation of ascorbic acid. Paper and thin layer chromatography.

Sterilization techniques – composition and preparation of media. Isolation of DNA from plant

material, Preparation of Buffers and solutions used in molecular biology, Lab setup of good

Biotechnology and Biochemistry lab and instruments required. Callus culture, sub-culturing,

induction of rooting-techniques in hardening,

17



Dates

1. Occurrence, classification and structure, physical and chemical properties

of carbohydrates, isomerism, optical activity, reducing property, reaction

with acid and alkalis, ozone formation.


of monosaccharide. Isomerism, optical activity, reducing property,

reaction with acid and alkalis, ozone formation.


of disaccharides. Isomerism, optical activity, reducing property, reaction

with acid and alkalis, ozone formation.


of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Isomerism, optical activity,

reducing property, reaction with acid and alkalis, ozone formation.

5. Classification of Lipids, important fatty acids and triglycerides, essential

fatty acids.

6. Physical and chemical control of oils, their rancidity, phospholipids, types

and importance.

7. Structure and function of Chlorophyll and Carotenoids (plant pigments).

8. Sterols, basic structure, role of Brassino-sterols in plants.

9. Classification and structure of Amino-aci

10. Essential amino acids, properties of amino acids.

11. Classification, function and solubility of Proteins.

12. Primary and secondary structure of proteins.

13. Tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins.

14. Properties and reaction of proteins.

15. Classification and mechanism of Enzyme action; factors affecting enzyme

action.

16. Co-factors and Co-enzymes. Vitamins and Minerals as

coenzymes/cofactors.

17. Glycolysis and TCA cycle

18. Metabolism of lipids, fatty acid oxidation.

19. Biosynthesis of fatty acids.

20. Electron transfer chain.

21. Bioenergetics of glucose and fatty acids

22. Structure and function of nucleic acids.

23. DNA replication

24. Transcription.

25. Translation.

26. History & Fundamental principles of plant biotechnology.

27. Micro-propagation and scope for commercialization.

18

28. Application of micro-grafting in horticultural crops.

29. Meristem culture, anther culture, pollen culture, embryo culture, callus

culture, cell culture.

30. Protoplast isolation, culture, fusion and applications.

31. Cryopreservation.

32. Genetic engineering. Future scope and present trends.

Importance of Biotechnology in Horticulture.



Dates

1. Lab setup of good Biotechnology and Biochemistry laboratory and

instruments required.

2. Study of sterilization techniques.

3. Preparation of standard solutions and reagents.

4. Qualitative analysis of Carbohydrates.

5. Quantitative estimation of Carbohydrates.

6. Qualitative analysis of reducing and non reducing sugars.

7. Quantitative estimation of Proteins by Lowery method.

8. Qualitative analysis of Lipids.

9. Quantitative estimation of Nucleic acids.

10. Determination of iodine number of vegetable oils.

11. Preparation of Buffers and solutions used in Molecular Biology.

12. Isolation of genomic DNA from plant tissue.

13. Study of commonly available antibiotics and plant growth hormones.

14. Composition and preparation of different growth media used in Plant tissue

culture laboratory.

15. Callus culture, sub-culturing and induction of rooting and shooting.

16. Paper and Thin layer Chromatography.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Agarwal P.K (2008) Biology for chemists, Pragati Prakshan, Meerut

2. Brown T.A (2005). Gene cloning and DNA analysis An introduction. Blackwell Science.

Manchester. U.K

3. Chawla, H.S. (2008). Introduction to plant biotechnology, Oxford & IBH Publishing co.

pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

4. Gupta, P.K (2006). Biotechnology and Genomics. Rastogi publications, Meeruth

5. Moore C.T. (1989). Biochemistry and physiology of plant hormones. Narosa publishing

house, New Delhi

6. Razdan M.K (T). Introduction to plant tissue culture, Oxford & IBH Publishing co. pvt.

Ltd., New Delhi.

7. Singh B.D (2008) Biotechnology Expanding horizons. Kalyani publishers , New Delhi

8. Singh S.P (2007). A Textbook of biochemistry. CBS Publishers and distributors, New

Delhi.

19

BAS-119 INTRODUCTORY MICROBIOLOGY 2(1+ 1)

Theory:

History and Scope of Microbiology: The discovery of micro-organism, spontaneous

generation conflict, germ theory of diseases, microbial effect on organic and inorganic matter.

Development of microbiology in India and composition of microbial world. Microscopy and

Specimen Preparation: The bright field microscope, fixation, dyes and simple staining,

differential staining. Difference between prokaryotic and eucaryotic cells. Procaryotic cell

structure and functions. Types of culture media and pre-culture techniques. Microbial growth in

models of bacterial, yeast and mycelial growth curve. Measurement of bacterial growth. General

properties of viruses and brief description of bacterophages. General principle of bacterial

genetics, DNA as genetic material. Antibiosis, symbiosis, intra-microbial and extra-microbial

association.

Practical:

Examination of natural infusion and living bacteria; examination of stained cells by

simple staining and Gram staining. Methods for sterilization and nutrient agar preparation. Broth

culture, agar slopes, streak plates and pour plats, turbidometric estimation of microbial growth,

Isolation of DNA/Plasmid from micro-organism, Preparation of Buffers and solutions used in

microbiology lab, Lab setup and instruments required in microbiology lab.



Dates

1. Prokaryotic cell structure and functions.

2. Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

3. History and scope of microbiology, The discovery of micro-organism.

4. Spontaneous generation conflict, germ theory of diseases.

5. Microbial effect on organic and inorganic matter.

6. Development of Microbiology in India and composition of microbial

world.

7. Microscopy and specimen preparation, The Bright field microscope.

8. Fixation, dyes and simple staining, differential staining.

9. Types of culture media and pre-culture techniques, Microbial growth of

bacteria as a model organism.

10. Measurement of bacterial growth.

11. Yeast and Mycelia growth curve.

12. General properties of viruses.

13. Brief description of Bacteriophages.

14. General principle of bacterial genetics.

15. DNA as a genetic material.

16. Antibiosis, symbiosis, intra-microbial and extra-microbial association.

20



Dates

1. Understanding and study of laboratory rules for Microbiology laboratory.

2. Lab set-up and instruments required in microbiology laboratory.

3. Preparation of buffers and solutions used in microbiology laboratory.

4. Methods for sterilization and nutrient agar preparation.

5. Broth culture and agar-slopes preparation.

6. Preparation of Streak plates and Pour plates.

7. Enumeration of bacteria by plate count or serial dilution or agar plate

technique.

8. Measurement of cells concentration of bacteria or fungal conidia by

counting chamber.

9. Estimation of bacterial/microbial populations by Spectrophotometer method.

10. Plasmid isolation from microorganism.

11. DNA Gel Electrophoresis.

12. Basics of Microscopy.

13. Dissection Microscope.

14. Temporary wet mount (TWM) technique for microscopic observation of

living microorganisms.

15. Simple and Gram staining.

16. Negative and Acid fast staining.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Aneja K.R (2008). Experiment in Microbiology plant pathology and biotechnology. New

Age international publishers. New Delhi

2. Patel A.H. (2004) Industrial microbiology, Macmillan India limited. New Delhi

3. Pelczar J.M. Chan J.R. E.S and Krieg W.R. (1993) Tata McGrawHill publishing

company limited, New Delhi

NRM-111 Fundamentals of Soil Science 3(2+1)

Theory:

Composition of earth’s crust, soil as a natural body – major components. Soil forming rocks

and minerals: weathering and processes of soil formation. Physical parameters: texture – definition,

methods of textural analysis, stock’s law, assumption, limitations, textural classes, use of textural

triangle; absolute specific gravity, definition, apparent specific gravity/bulk density – factors

influencing field bulk density. Relation between BD (bulk density) and AD – practical problems.

Pore space – definition, factors affecting capillary and non-capillary porosity. Soil colour –

definition, its significance, colour variable- value, hue and chroma. Munsell colour chart, factors

influencing- parent material, soil moisture, organic matter. Soil structure: definition, classification

(type, classes and grades) of soil structure, factors influencing it and genesis of soil structure. Soil

consistency, plasticity, Atterberg’s constants. Soil air: air capacity, composition, factors influencing

it, amount of air space, soil air renewal. Soil temperature, sources and distribution of heat, factors

influencing. Chemical properties: soil colloids, organic-humus, inorganic-secondary silicate clays.

Ion exchange-cation and anion exchange capacity, their importance. Soil organic matter

21

decomposition, pH and nutrient availability, soil buffering capacity. Soil water, forms- hygroscopic,

capillary and gravitational; soil moisture constants-hygroscopic coefficient, wilting point, field

capacity, moisture equivalent, maximum water holding capacity, energy concepts, PF scale; Soil

water measurement, gravimetric – electric (gypsum block), tensiometer methods – pressure plate and

pressure membrane apparatus – Neutron probe; Soil water movement-saturated & unsaturated. Soil

classification–climatic, genetic, American system, soil Taxonomy. Aerial photography–satellite

images of soil features – their interpretation. Land capability classification; soils of different eco-

systems and their properties. Problem soils and their management – soils environmental quality.

Irrigation water quality.

Practical: Collection and preparation of soil samples. Identification of rocks and minerals.

Estimation of moisture, EC, pH and bulk density. Textural analysis of soil by Hydrometer

method, chemical analysis of soil – Fe2O3, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, total N, organic carbon and

cation exchange capacity.


S.No. Topic Tentative

Date

1. Soil as a natural body and medium for plant growth

2. Composition of earth’s crust

3. Soil components and soil-plant relationship

4. Soil forming rocks-classification and their properties

5. Soil forming minerals-classification and their properties

6. Weathering and processes of soil formation

7. Physical properties of soils–texture, definition, methods of textural

analysis

8. Soil Structure- definition, classification ,factors affecting

9. Bulk density, Particle density and relationship with porosity

10. Pore space- definition, factors affecting, capillary and non-capillary

porosity

11. Soil colour, consistence and plasticity,

12. Soil air-composition and dynamics, soil air renewal

13. Soil temperature, sources and distribution of heat, factors influencing

14. Soil colloids- inorganic and organic,

15. Silicate clays: constitution and properties

16. Humic substance nature and properties

17. Ion exchange, cation –anion, importance

18. Soil organic matter and it’s decomposition

19. Soil organic matter influence on soil properties

20. Soil reaction pH and its measurement,

21. Buffering, effect of pH on nutrient availability

22. Soil water forms, soil moisture constants

23. Soil water retention, dynamics and availability

22

Lecture Schedule: Practical


Date

1. Collection, processing and storage of soil samples

2. Identification and description of rocks

3. Identification and description of soil forming minerals

4. Estimation of soil moisture by Gravimetric method

5. Determination of pH in soil and irrigation water

6. Determination of Electrical conductivity in soil and irrigation water

7. Determination of Bulk Density of soil by core sampler

8. Determination of Particle Density of soil and calculation of pore space

9. Determination of soil colour by Munsell colour chart

10. Textural analysis of soil by Hydrometer method

11. Estimation of organic matter content in given soil sample

12. Determination of cation exchange capacity of soil

13. Estimation of soil iron and aluminum oxides (R2O3)

14. Chemical analysis of soil for N,P,K

15. Chemical analysis of soil for Ca, Mg

16. Chemical analysis of soil for S

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Biswas, T. D. and Mukherjee, S. K. (1994) Text book of Soil science. Tata Mcgraw-Hill

publishing company Limited, New Delhi- 110 002

2. Das, D. K. (2004) Introductory Soil Science. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana- 141 008

3. Gupta, P. K. (2007) Hand Book of Soil, Fertilizer and manure. Agrobios (India), Jodhpur

4. Mehra, R. K. (2006) Text book of Soil science. ICAR publication, New Delhi

5. Rai, M. M. (2005) Principles of Soil science. Macmillon India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi

FRS-111 Fundamentals of Horticulture 3(2+1)

Theory:

Economic importance and classification of horticultural crops and their culture and

nutritive value, area and production, exports and imports, fruit and vegetable zones of India and

of different states, nursery management practices, soil and climate, vegetable gardens, nutrition

and kitchen garden and other types of gardens – principles, planning and layout, management of

orchards, planting systems and planting densities. Production and practices for fruit, vegetable

and floriculture crops, nursery techniques and their management. Principles and methods of

24. Soil moisture measurements

25. Aerial photography-satellite of soil features-their interpretation

26. Soil classification-land capability classification

27. Soil of different agro eco-systems and their properties

28. Management of problem soils

29. Soils environmental quality

30. Irrigation water quality

23

pruning and training of fruit crops, types and use of growth regulators in horticulture, water

management, weed management, fertility management in horticultural crops, cropping systems,

intercropping, multi-tier cropping, mulching, bearing habits, factors influencing the fruitfulness

and unfruitfulness. Rejuvenation of old orchards, top working and frame working.

Practical: Features of orchard, planning and layout of orchard, tools and implements, layout of

nutrition garden, preparation of nursery beds for fruits and vegetables, digging of pits for fruit

plants, planting systems, training and pruning of orchard trees, preparation of fertilizer mixtures

and field application, preparation and application of growth regulators, layout of different

irrigation systems, identification and management of nutritional disorder in fruits and vegetables,

assessment of bearing habits, maturity standards and harvesting.



Date

1. Economic importance of horticultural crops

2. Economic importance of horticultural crops

3. Classification of horticultural crops and their culture and nutritive value,

area and production, exports and imports





6. Fruit and vegetable zones of India and of different states

7. Nursery management practices


9. Soil and climate

10. Vegetable gardens, nutrition and kitchen garden and other types of

gardens

11. Principles, planning and layout, management of orchards, planting

systems and planting densities

12. Principles, planning and layout, management of orchards, planting

systems and planting densities

13. Production and practices for fruit, vegetable and floriculture crops

14. Production and practices for fruit, vegetable and floriculture crops

15. Nursery techniques and their management

16. Nursery techniques and their management

17. Principles and methods of pruning and training of fruit crops

18. Principles and methods of pruning and training of fruit crops

19. Types and use of growth regulators in horticulture

20. Water management

21. Water management

22. Weed management,

23. Fertility management in horticultural crops,

24. Fertility management in horticultural crops,

24



Date

1. Features of orchard,

2. Planning and layout of orchard,

3. Tools and implements,

4. Layout of nutrition garden,

5. Preparation of nursery beds for fruits and vegetables,

6. Digging of pits for fruit plants,

7. Planting systems,

8. Training and pruning of orchard trees,

9. Preparation of fertilizer mixtures and field application,

10. Preparation and application of growth regulators,

11. Layout of different irrigation systems,

12. Identification and management of nutritional disorder in fruits and

vegetables,

13. Assessment of bearing habits,

14. Maturity standards

15. Harvesting

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Adams, C. R., Bamford, K. M. and Early, M.P.(2008) Principles of Horticulture,

Elsevier, Amsterdam.

2. Barooah, S.(1998) Modern Fruit culture, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, Kolkata.

3. Malik, Mohmood N. (2000) Horticulture, Biotech Books, Delhi.

4. Peter K.V. (2008). Basics of Horticulture, New India Publ. Agency, New Delhi.

5. Sadhu, M.K. and Chattopadhyay (2001) Introductory fruit crops, Naya Prokash,

6. Singh, Jitendra (2008) Basic Horticulture, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

25. Cropping systems, intercropping, multi-tier cropping,

26. Mulching, bearing habits

27. Rejuvenation of old orchards, top working and frame working.

28. Rejuvenation of old orchards, top working and frame working.

29. Factors influencing the fruitfulness and unfruitfulness

30. Factors influencing the fruitfulness and unfruitfulness

25

B.Sc. (Horticulture) Honours, Part I II Semester

FRS-121 TROPICAL AND SUB-TROPICAL FRUITS 3(2+1)

Theory:

Horticultural classification of fruits including genomic classification. Horticultural zones

of India, detailed study of area, production and export potential, varieties, climate and soil

requirements, propagation techniques, planting density and systems, after care, training and

pruning. Management of water, nutrient and weeds, special horticultural techniques including

plant growth regulators, their solution preparation and use in commercial orchards. Physiological

disorders. Harvest indices and harvesting methods of the following crops. Mango, banana, bael,

ber, aonla, pomegranate, date palm, grapes, citrus, papaya, sapota, guava, pineapple, jackfruit

and litchi. Bearing in mango and citrus, causes and control measures of special production

problems like alternate and irregular bearing in mango and their control measures. Seediness

and kokkan disease in banana, citrus decline, their causal factors and management. Bud

forecasting in grapes, sex expression, seed production and latex extraction in papaya, economics

of production. Rainfed horticulture, importance and scope of arid and semi-arid zones of India.

Characters and special adaptation of crops:, annona, jamun, wood apple, bael, pomegranate,

carissa, phalsa, fig, west Indian cherry, avocado, mangosteen, carambola, durian, passsion

fruit and tamarind.

Practical: Description and identification of varieties based on leaf, flower and fruit morphology in

above crops. Training and pruning of ber, pomegranate, guava and citrus. Selection of site and

planting system, pre-treatment of banana suckers, desuckering in banana and date palm, sex

forms in papaya. Use of plastics in fruit production. Visit to commercial orchards and diagnosis

of maladies. Manure and fertilizer application including bio-fertilizer in fruit crops, preparation

and application of growth regulators in banana, grapes and mango. Seed production in papaya

and latex extraction. Production economics for tropical and sub-tropical fruits. Mapping of arid

and semi-arid zones of India. Botanical description and identification of ber, fig, jamun,

pomegranate, carissa, phalsa, wood apple, tamarind, aonla, bael and annona.



Date

1. Horticultural classification of fruits including genomic classification

2. Horticultural zones of India

3. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post

harvest management of Mango

4. Mango continues

5. Mango continues


harvest management of Banana

7. Banana continues


26

harvest management of Bael


harvest management of Ber


harvest management of Aonla


harvest management of Pomegranate


harvest management of Date palm


harvest management of Date palm


harvest management of Grapes

15. Grapes continues


harvest management of Citrus

17. Citrus continues


harvest management of Papaya

19. Papaya continues


harvest management of Sapota


harvest management of Guava


harvest management of Pineapple


harvest management of Jackfruit


harvest management of Litchi

25. Bearing in mango and citrus

26. Causes and control measures of special production problems like

alternate and irregular bearing in mango and their control measures

27. Seediness and kokkan disease in banana, citrus decline, their causal

factors and management

28. Bud forecasting in grapes, sex expression, seed production and latex

extraction in papaya, economics of production

29. Rainfed horticulture, importance and scope of arid and semi-arid zones

of India.

30. Characters and special adaptation of crops: Annona, jamun, wood

apple, bael, pomegranate, carissa, phalsa, fig, west Indian cherry,

avocado, mangosteen, carambola, durian, passsion fruit and tamarind

31. Characters and special adaptation of crops: Avocado, mangosteen,

carambola, durian, passsion fruit and tamarind

32. Characters and special adaptation of crops: West Indian cherry,

avocado, mangosteen, carambola, durian, passsion fruit and tamarind

27



Date

1. Description and identification of varieties based on leaf, flower and fruit

morphology in above crops

2. Training and pruning of ber, pomegranate, guava and citrus

3. Selection of site and planting system, pre-treatment of banana suckers,

desuckering in banana and date palm

4. Sex forms in papaya

5. Use of plastics in fruit production

6. Visit to commercial orchards and diagnosis of maladies

7. Manure and fertilizer application including bio-fertilizer in fruit crops

8. Preparation and application of growth regulators in banana, grapes and

mango

9. Seed production in papaya and latex extraction

10. Production economics for tropical and sub-tropical fruits

11. Mapping of arid and semi-arid zones of India

12. Botanical description and identification of following crops :

13. Ber, fig and jamun

14. Pomegranate, carissa and phalsa

15. Aonla and wood apple

16. Tamarind and bael

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Bose, T. K. Mitra,S.K. and Sanyal, D. (2001) Fruits:Tropical and Subtropical, Naya

Udyog, Kolkata.

2. Chattopadhyay, P.K.(1999) A textbook of pomology, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

3. Chundawat, B.S. and Sen, N. L. (2002) Principles of fruit culture, ATPA, Udaipur.

4. Dashora, L.K., Sen, N.L. and Maurya, I.B. (2004) Production technology of under-

utilized Fruit crops, Yash Publishers, Bikaner.

5. Nath, Vishal, kumar Dinesh and Pandey, V.(2008) Fruits for the future,Vol.1, Satish

publications, Ajmer.

6. Radha T. and Mathew, L. (2007) Fruit crops, NIPA, New Delhi.

7. Sen, N.L and Dashora, L.K.(2003) Phal utpadan evam phal tatha sabji prrrakshan, Alka

serial publishing house, Delhi.

FRS-122 Water Management in Horticultural Crops 2(1+1)

Theory:

Importance of water, water resources in India with special reference to Rajasthan. Area of

different crops under irrigation, function of water for plant growth, effect of moisture stress on

crop growth. Available and unavailable soil moisture – distribution of soil moisture – water

budgeting – rooting characteristics and methods of root distribution studies in different fruit

crops. Water requirement of horticultural crops – lysimeter studies – Plant water potential

climatological approach – use of pan evaporimeter – factor for crop growth stages – critical

stages of crop growth for irrigation. Irrigation scheduling – different approaches – methods of

28

irrigation – surface and sub-surface pressurized methods viz., sprinkler and drip irrigation, their

suitability, merits and limitations, fertigation, economic use of irrigation water. Water

management problem, soils and quality of irrigation water, irrigation management practices for

different soils and crops.

Practical: Measurements of irrigation water by using water measuring devices, use of common formula in

irrigation practices, practicing of land leveling and land shaping implements, layout for different

methods of irrigation. Estimation of soil moisture constants and soil moisture by using different,

methods and instruments like zypsum block, gravimetric method, tensiometer, scheduling of

irrigation, different approaches, practicing use of instruments, estimation of irrigation efficiency

and water requirements of horticultural crops.


S. No. Topics Tentative

Dates

1. Explanation of whole course content in brief

2. Irrigation Management- problems & practices for different soils and

crops

3. Water resources in India,

4. Importance of irrigation water in agriculture 5. Study of different hydrologic properties 6. Water budgeting 7. Rooting characteristics – moisture extraction pattern. 8. Water requirement-NIR & GIR, lysimeter studies 9. Plant water potential climatological approach – use of pan

evaporimeter

10. Study of different irrigation efficiencies 11. Irrigation scheduling – different approaches

12. Methods of irrigation – surface and sub-surface, their layouts,

suitability, merits and limitations,

13. Pressurized irrigation methods - sprinkler and drip irrigation their

layouts, suitability, merits and limitations, Fertigation

14. Layout of underground pipeline system.


S. Nos. Topics Tentative

Dates

1. Measurement of irrigation water by various method

2. Practicing of land levelling and land shaping implements,

3. layout for different surface and sub-surface irrigation methods on

farm

4. layout for Pressurized irrigation methods - sprinkler and drip on farm

5. Estimation of soil moisture constants and soil moisture by using

different methods and instruments;

6. Measurement of evaporation by using Pan evaporimeter

7. Measurement of infiltration by using double cylinder infiltrometer

8. Scheduling of irrigation, different approaches

29

9. Estimation of irrigation efficiency 10. Estimation of water requirements of horticultural crops 11. Soil moisture conservation practices. 12. Use of common formula in irrigation practices,

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Majumdar, Dilip (2004) Irigation water management, principles and practices, prentice

Hall, New Delhi.

2. Michael, A. M. (2006) Irrigation theory and practice, Vikas publishing house, Pvt, Ltd,

New Delhi.

3. Michael, A.M.and Ojha, T.P.(2004) Principals of Agril Engineering, Jain Brothers, New

Delhi.

4. Murty, V.N. (2004) Land and water management engineering, Kalyani Publishers,

Ludhiana.

5. Salisburry, Frank B. and Ross Cleon, W. (2007) Plant Physiology, CBS publishers and

Distributors, New Delhi.

6. Taiz, Lincoln and Zeiger Eduaardo (2002) Plant physiology, Sinauer Associates Inc.,

USA.

VEG-121 TROPICAL AND SUB-TROPICAL VEGETABLES 3(2+1)

Theory:

Area, production, economic importance and export potential of tropical and sub-tropical

vegetable crops. Origin, climate and soil requirements, seed rate, varieties/hybrids, preparation of

field, nursery raising; transplanting and sowing, spacing, water and weed management; nutrient

management and deficiencies, use of chemicals and growth regulators, harvesting and yield,

handling, grading, storage, marketing, economics of cultivation of tomato, brinjal, chillies, okra,

cucurbits, cluster beans, cowpea, lab-lab, snap bean, moringa, amaranthus, portulaca and basella.

Practical:

Identification and description of tropical and sub-tropical vegetable seeds and crops;

nursery raising and transplanting, preparation of field and sowing, top dressing/foliar application

of nutrients and intercultural operations including staking/training. Use of herbicides and growth

regulators. Identification of nutrient deficiencies and physiological disorders. Harvest indices and

maturity standards, post-harvest handling, packaging and storage, marketing, seed

extraction,Cropping scheme and economics of cultivation.



Date 1. Area, production and importance of vegetable crops(tropical and subtropical ) 2. Economic importance and export potential of vegetable crops 3. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties nursery preparation of tomato 4. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt of

tomato

5. Physiological deficiencies of tomato

30



Date 1. Identification of tropical and subtropical vegetables

2. Practice of nursery (raised and flat) preparation of vegetable crops

3. Sowing of seeds in the nursery bed

4. Transplanting of seedlingsof vegetable crops on the field

5. Calculation and formulation of herbicides in vegetable crops

6. Calculation and application of fertilisers in vegetablecrops

6. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties nursery preparation of brinjal 7. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt of

brinjal

8. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties nursery preparation of chillies 9. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt

ofchilliesl

10. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties nursery preparation of okra 11. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt ofokra 12. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties nursery preparation of

amaranthes

13. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt

ofamaranthes

14. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties nursery preparation of cluster

bean

15. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt

ofcluster bean

16. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties of cow pea 17. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt

ofclow pea

18. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties of lab lab bean 19. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt oflab

lab bean

20. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties of snap bean 21. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt ofsnap

bean

22. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties of bottle gourd 23. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt of

bottle gourd

24. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties intercultural ,harvesting &ph

mng of cucumber


mngt of bitter gourd


mngt of water melon


mngt of musk melon


mngt of pumpkin

31

7. Application of urea as top dressing in vegetable crops

8. Preparation and foliar application of plant growth regulators in vegetable crops

9. Identification and study of different physiological disorders of tomato

10. Identification and study of different physiological disorders of brinjal

11. Study different harvesting indices and maturity standards of vegetable crops

12. Study the post harvest handling and storage of vegetable crops

13. Study different seed extraction methods of vegetable crops

14. Study the cost of cultivation for tropical and sub tropical vegetable crps

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Bose TK & Som M G. (Eds.). 1986. Vegetable Crops in India. Naya Prokash.

2. Bose TK, Kabir J, Maity TK, Parthasarathy VA & Som MG. 2003. Vegetable Crops.

Vols. I-III. Naya Udyog.

3. Bose TK, Som MG & Kabir J. (Eds.). 2002. Vegetable Crops. Naya Prokash.

4. Chadha KL & Kalloo G. (Eds.). 1993-94. Advances in Horticulture. Vols. V-X. Malhotra

Publ. House.

5. Chadha KL. (Ed.). 2002. Hand Book of Horticulture. ICAR.

6. Chauhan DVS. (Ed.). 1986. Vegetable Production in India. Ram Prasad & Sons.

7. Fageria MS, Choudhary BR & Dhaka RS. 2000. Vegetable Crops: Production

Technology. Vol. II. Kalyani.

8. Gopalakrishanan TR. 2007. Vegetable Crops. New India Publ. Agency.

9. Hazra P & Som MG. (Eds.). 1999. Technology for Vegetable Production and

Improvement. Naya Prokash.

10. Pandey AK & Mudranalay V. (Eds.). Vegetable Production in India: Important Varieties

and Development Techniques.

11. Rana MK. 2008. Olericulture in India. Kalyani.

12. Rana MK. 2008. Scientific Cultivation of Vegetables. Kalyani.

13. Salunkhe DK & Kadam SS. (Ed.). 1998. Hand Book of Vegetable Science and

Technology: Production, Composition, Storage and Processing. Marcel Dekker.

14. Shanmugavelu KG. 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Oxford & IBH.

15. Singh DK. 2007. Modern Vegetable Varieties and Production Technology. International

Book Distributing Co.

16. Singh NP, Bharadwaj AK, Kumar A & Singh KM. 2004. Modern Technology on

Vegetable Production. International Book Distributing Co.

17. Singh SP. (Ed.). 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Agril. Comm. Res.

Centre.

18. Thompson HC & Kelly WC. (Eds.). 1978. Vegetable Crops. Tata Mc Graw Hill.

FLS-121 Principles of Landscape Gardening 1 (0+1)

Practical:

Principles and elements of landscape design, plant material for landscaping, symbols,

tools and implements used in landscape design, layout of formal gardens, informal gardens,

special type of gardens (bog garden, sunken garden, terrace garden, rock garden) and designing

of conservatory and lathe house. Landscape design for specific areas.

32



date

1. Identification of important floricultural crops

2. Principles of landscape design

3. Elements of landscape garden

4. Symbols used in landscape design

5. Tools and implements used in landscape design

6. Layout plan of home garden

7. Layout plan for a large building in formal style

8. Layout plan for a large building in informal style

9. Layout plan for a school building

10. Layout plan for a sunken garden

11. Identification of important floricultural crops

12. Principles of landscape design

13. Elements of landscape garden

14. Symbols used in landscape design

15. Tools and implements used in landscape design

16. Layout plan of home garden

SUGGESTED READING

Arora, J.(2001)Introductory Ornamental Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers,B-1 / 1292 , Rajinder

Nagar, Ludhiana

Bhanu L. and Desai (1979) Planning and Planting Designs of Home Garden. lCAR, New Delhi

Bose, T.K.; Maiti, R.G.; Dhua, R.S. and Das, P. (1999) Floriculture and Landscaping. Naya

Udyog, 206, Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata - 700006.

Randhawa,G.S.and Mukhopadhyay,A.(2001) Floriculture in India. Allied publishers Limited,A-

104 Mayapuri, New Delhi-110064

PHT- 121 Fundamentals of Food Nutrition 2(1+1)

Theory:

Food and its function, physico-chemical properties of foods, food preparation techniques,

nutrition, relation of nutrition of good health. Characteristics of well and malnourished

population. Food value of fruits & vegetables. Energy: definition, determination of energy

requirements, food energy and total energy needs of the body. Carbohydrates: functions, source,

requirements, digestion, absorption and utilization. Protein: functions, sources, requirements,

digestion, absorption, essential and non-essential amino acids, quality of proteins,

PER/NPR/NPU, supplementary value of proteins and deficiency. Lapids: functions, sources,

requirements, digestion, absorption and utilization, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids,

deficiency, rancidity, refining of fats. Mineral nutrition: macro and micro-minerals (Ca, Fe and

P), function, utilization, requirements, sources, effects of deficiency. Vitamins: functions,

sources, effects of deficiency, requirements of water soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. Balanced

diet: recommended dietary allowances for various age groups, assessment of nutritional status of

the population.

33

Practical:

Acquaintance with equipments used in food technology, Methods of measuring food

ingredients, effect of cooking on volume and weight, determination of percentage of edible

portion. Browning reactions of fruits and vegetables. Microscopic examination of starches,

estimation of energy and fats of foods. Planning diet for various age groups. Survey of

population for nutritional status.



Date

1. Food and its function: physiological, social and psychological

2. physico properties of foods

3. Chemical properties of food

4. food preparation techniques

5. nutrition, relation of nutrition of good health

6. Characteristics of well and malnourished population

7. Energy, definition, determination of energy requirements, food energy,

and total energy needs of the body.

8. Carbohydrates: functions, source, requirements, digestion, absorption

and utilization

9. Protein: functions, sources, requirements, digestion, absorption, essential

and non-essential amino acids,

10. Quality of proteins, PER/NPR/NPU, supplementary value of proteins and

deficiency.

11. Lipids: functions, sources, requirements, digestion, absorption and

utilization

12. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, deficiency, rancidity, refining of

fats.

13. Mineral nutrition: macro and micro-minerals (Ca, Fe and P), function,

utilization, requirements, sources, effects of deficiency.

14. Functions, sources, effects of deficiency, requirements of water soluble

vitamins

15. Functions, sources, effects of deficiency, requirements of fat-soluble

vitamins.

16. Balanced diet: recommended dietary allowances for various age groups,

assessment of nutritional status of the population.



Date

1. Identification and application of equipments in laboratory

2. Identification and uses of chemicals in laboratory

3. Methods of measuring solid food ingredients

4. Methods of measuring liquid food ingredients

5. Effect of cooking on volume and weight

6. Determination of percentage of edible portion of different types of food.

34

7. Qualitative estimation of browning in vegetables by enzyme test

8. Microscopic examination of starches

9. Numerical exercise on estimation of food energy

10. Numerical exercise on energy need of the body

11. Numerical exercise on the estimation of biological value, PER, NPR and

NPU of protein food

12. Planning diet for adult male and female

13. Planning diet for pregnant women and nursing mother

14. Survey of school going children for finding out their diet pattern

15. Trip to nearby village for identifying types of malnutrition and educating

the population for balanced diet

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Sumati R. Mudambi & M.V. Rajagopal. Fundamentals of Foods & Nutrition, Third

Edition, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi.

2. N. Shakuntala Manay & M Shadaksharaswamy. Foods: Facts & Principles, New Age

International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi.

3. Norman N. Potter & Joseph H. Hotchkiss. Food Science, Fifth Edition, CBS Publishers &


BAS-121 Principles of Plant Breeding 3 (2+1)

Theory:

Plant breeding as a dynamic science, genetic basis of Plant Breeding – classical,

quantitative and molecular, Plant Breeding in India – limitations, major achievements, goal

setting for future. Sexual reproduction (cross and self pollination), asexual reproduction,

pollination control mechanism (incompatibility and sterility and implications of reproductive

systems on population structure). Genetic components of polygenic variation and breeding

strategies, selection as a basis of crop breeding. Hybridization and selection – goals of

hybridization, selection of plants; population developed by hybridization – simple crosses, bulk

crosses and complex crosses. Polyploidy and mutation breeding. General and special breeding

techniques. Heterosis – concepts, estimation and its genetic basis.

Practical: Breeding objectives and techniques in major field crop plants. Floral biology – its

measurement, emasculation, crossing and selfing techniques in major crops. Determination of

mode of reproduction in crop plants, handling of breeding material and maintenance of

experimental records in self and cross pollinated crops. Demonstration of hybrid variation and

production techniques.


S. NO. Lecture Topics Tentative

date

1. Definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding

2. History and development of plant breeding – scientific contributions of

35

eminent scientists

3. Floral biology – its measurement, emasculation, crossing and selfing

techniques in major crops.

4. Modes of reproduction – asexual reproduction (vegetative reproduction

and apomixis) and sexual reproduction

5. Modes of pollination, (cross and self-pollination), self -pollination –

genetic consequences of self-pollination & cross-pollination – genetic

consequences of crosspollination– often cross-pollinated crops

6. Handling of segregating generations – pedigree method – procedure –

modifications of pedigree method – merits, demerits and achievements,

applications

7. Handling of segregating generations – bulk method – procedure –

merits, demerits and achievements of bulk method – comparison

between pedigree and bulk method – single .seed descent method

8. Backcross method of breeding – its requirements and

applications – procedure for transfer of single dominant gene and

procedure for transfer of single recessive gene

9. Backcross method – applications of back cross method –

transfer of a dominant gene – transfer of a recessive gene – transfer of

two or more characters, merits, demerits and achievements –

comparison between pedigree and backcross method;

10. Multiline variety – definition – characteristics of a good multilane –

development of multilane varieties – achievements

11. Self-incompatibility – classification – heteromorphic, homomorphic,

gametophytic and sporophytic systems of incompatibility – mechanisms

of self-incompatibility

12. Self-incompatibility – relevance of self-incompatibility – methods to

over come selfincompatibility – advantages and disadvantages –

utilization in crop improvement

13. Mutation breeding – spontaneous and induced mutations – characteristic

features of mutations – procedure of mutation breeding – applications –

advantages, limitations and achievements

14. Polyploidy – autopolyploids – origin and production – morphological

and cytological features of autopolyploids – applications of

autopolyploidy in crop improvement – limitations of autopolyploidy –

segregation in autotetraploids

15. allopolyploidy – morphological and cytological features of

allopolyploids – applications of allopolyploidy in crop improvement –

limitations of allopolyploidy

16. Pureline & Mass selection – procedure – merits, demerits and

achievements of pureline – comparison between Mass selection and

pureline selection.

17. Hardy Weinberg Law – factors affecting equilibrium frequencies in

random mating populations

18. Heterosis – concepts, estimation and its genetic basis.

19. General and special breeding techniques

36

20. Hybridization- aims and objectives – types of hybridization – pre-

requisites for hybridization –procedure / steps involved in hybridization

21. Genetic components of polygenic variation and breeding strategies,

22. Emesculation: definition, procedure, techniques

23. Male sterility – different types – genetic, cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic

genetic male sterility – inheritance and maintenance

24. Male sterility – utilization of male sterile lines in hybrid seed production

– their limitations, advantages and disadvantages

25. Inbreeding depression – brief history – effects of inbreeding – degrees

of inbreeding depression

26. Procedure for development of inbred lines and their evaluation

27. Recurrent selection – different types – detailed procedure of simple

recurrent selection and brief description of other recurrent selection

methods – conclusion on the efficiency of different selection schemes

28. Population improvement – selection without progeny testing – selection

with progeny testing –progeny selection – merits and demerits of

progeny selection – line breeding – achievements

29. Comparison between dominance and overdomiance hypotesis

30. Pollination control mechanisms,


S. NO. Lecture Topics Tentative

date

1. To study structure of angiospermic flower

2. Floral biology study in major crops.

3. Describe various modes of reproduction in crop plants.

4. Describe various mechanisms that promote self-and cross-

pollination.

5. Breeder kit and its component.

6. Crossing and selfing techniques in major crops

7. Emasculation and its different methods.

8. Study of emasculation process in major crop plant

9. Hybridization, its types and describe various steps involved in

hybridization

10. Heterosis and describe various methods of estimating heterosis.

11. Determination of the mode of pollination and describe the procedure

for determining the amount of cross-pollination.

12. Estimation of genetic advance under selection.

13. Hybrids, its types and various operations for the production of hybrid

varieties.

14. Hybrid seed production using male sterility.

15. Plant tissue culture, its basic requirements and describe different

techniques of plant tissue culture in brief.

37

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Gupta S.K (2008). Plant Breeding theory and techniques. Agrobios india, Jodhpur.

2. Rastogi V.B (2004). A text book of Genetics. Kedarnath Ramnath, Meerut

3. Singh B.D (2008). Plant breeding Principals and methods. Kalyani publishers. New

Delhi.

4. Singh S., Panwar I.S (2006). Genetic basis and method of plant breeding. CBS Publisher

and distributiors. New Delhi

BAS-122 Growth and Development of Horticultural Crops 2(1+1)

Theory:

Growth and development-definitions, components, photosynthetic productivity, leaf area

index (LAI) - optimum LAI in horticultural crops, canopy development; different stages of

growth, growth curves, growth analysis in horticultural crops. Plant bioregulators- auxin,

gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene inhibitors and retardants, basic functions, biosynthesis, role in

crop growth and development, propagation, flowering, fruit setting, fruit thinning, fruit

development, fruit drop, and fruit ripening. Flowering-factors affecting flowering, physiology of

flowering, photoperiodism-long day, short day and day neutral plants, vernalisation and its

application in horticulture, pruning and training physiological basis of training and pruning-

source and sink relationship, translocation of assimilates. Physiology of seed development and

maturation, seed dormancy and bud dormancy, causes and breaking methods in horticultural

crops. Physiology of fruit growth and development, fruit setting, factors affecting fruit set and

development, physiology of ripening of fruits-climatic and non-climacteric fruits.

Practical:

Estimation of photosynthetic potential of horticultural crops, leaf area index, growth

analysis parameters including harvest index, bioassay of plant hormones, identification of

synthetic plant hormones and growth retardants, preparations of hormonal solution and induction

of rooting in cuttings, ripening of fruits and control of flower and fruit drop. Important

physiological disorders and their remedial measures in fruits and vegetables, rapid tissue test,

seed dormancy, seed viability by tetrazolium test, seed germination and breaking seed dormancy

with chemicals and growth regulators.


S. No. Theory Tentative

Date

1. Growth and Development- Definitions

2. Stages of growth, growth curves

3. Growth components and factors affecting growth in plants

4. Photosynthetic productivity ,Optimum LAI(Leaf area index) in horticultural crops

,

5. Growth analysis indices- Crop growth rate, Relative growth rate

6. Plant bioregulators- Classification , gibberellins, cytokinins, abscissic acid

7. Basic function of auxins

8. Basic function of giberellins

9. Basic function of cytokinins

10. Basic functions of abscissic acid

38

11. Biosynthesis of plant bioregulators

12. Role of Plant bioregulators in growth and development

13. Senescence and role of plant growth regulators

14 Plant Propagation- Classification

15. Sexual and asexual methods of propagation

16 Flowering-Physiology of flowering ,

17 Factors affecting flowering

18 Photoperiodism- Long day, Short day and day neutral plants

19 Vernalisation and its application in horticulture

20 Pruning and Training ,

21 Physiological basis of training and pruning

22 Source and sink relationship Translocation of assimilates

23 Physiology of seed development and maturation ,Seed dormancy and bud

dormancy

24 Causes of seed dormancy and breaking methods in horticultural crops

25 Physiology of fruit growth and development

26 Fruit setting ,Factors affecting fruit setting

27 Fruit thinning ,Fruit development,Fruit ripening -Physiology

28 Climacteric and non climacteric type of fruits

Lecture schedule: Practicals

S. No. Exercise Dates

1 Identification of horticultural crops at Fruit Instructional Farm

2. Important Physiological disorders and their remedial measures in fruits

3. Estimation of photosynthetic potential of horticultural crops

4. Identification of synthetic plant hormones and growth retardants

5. Preparation of hormonal solutions and induction of rooting in cuttings

6. Ripening of fruits and control of flower and fruit drop

7. Seed viability test by tetrazolium test

8. Seed germination and breaking seed dormancy with chemicals and growth

regulators

9. Measurement of leaf area

10. Rapid tissue test

Total

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Singh, Amar. 2009. Fruit Physiology and Production, Kalyani Publishers.

2. Srivastava, H.S. 2004. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Rastogi Publications, Meerut.

3. Chadha, K.L. (2003). Hand Book of Horticulture, ICAR Publication.

4. Hartman and Kester (2011). Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices of Horticulture

8th Edition, Prentice Hall of India, Publications

39

NRM-121 Environmental Science 3(2+1)

Theory:

Environment: introduction, definition and importance. Components of environment -

interactions with organisms. Global and Indian environment - past and present status.

Environmental pollution and pollutants. Air, water, food, soil, noise pollution - sources, causes

and types. Smog, acid rain, global warming, ozone hole, eutrophication, sewage and hazardous

waste management. Impact of different pollutions on humans, organisms and environment.

Introduction to biological magnification of toxins. Deforestation - forms and causes, relation to

environment. Prevention and control of pollution - technological and sociological measures and

solutions - Indian and global efforts. India, international and voluntary agencies for

environmental conservation - mandates and activities. International conferences, conventions and

summits - major achievements. Environmental policy and legislation in India. Introduction to

environmental impact assessment. Causes of environmental degradation - socio-economic

factors. Human population growth and lifestyle.

Practical:

Visit to local areas-river/forest/grassland/horticulture farm/catchment etc. to document

components of ecosystem. Study of common plants, insects, birds and animals. Visit to

industries to study pollution abatement techniques. Soil and water pollution study adjoining to

industry.



Date

1. Introduction, definition and importance of environment.

2. Components of environment and its interactions with organisms.

3. Global and Indian environment- past and present status

4. Environmental pollution and pollutants

5. Air pollution -sources, causes and types.

6. Water pollution -sources, causes and types

7. Food pollution -sources, causes and types

8. Soil pollution -sources, causes and types.

9. Noise pollution -sources, causes and types.

10. Smog and Acid rain.

11. Global warming

12. Ozone hole

13. Eutrophication.

14. Sewage and hazardous waste-management

15. Introduction to biological magnification of toxins (DDT).

16. Impact of different pollutions on the humans, organisms and

environment.

17. Deforestation -forms and causes relation to environment

18. Prevention and control of pollution -technological and sociological measures and

solutions -Indian efforts.

19. Prevention and control of pollution -technological and sociological measures and

solutions -Global efforts.

20. Indian agencies for environmental conservation

21. International agencies for environmental conservationmandates

40

and activities.

22. Voluntary agencies for environmental conservationmandates

and activities.

23. International conferences, conventions and summits–their

major achievements.

24. Environmental policy and legislation in India

25. Environmental policy and legislation in India

26. Introduction to environmental impact assessment.

27. Introduction to environmental impact assessment.

28. Environmental degradation and socio-economic factors

29. Human population growth and lifestyle


S. No. Exercise Dates

1. Study of flora enlisting in college campus.

2. Study of fauna enlisting in college campus.

3. Visit to local river to document components of ecosystem.

4. Visit to horticulture farm to document components of ecosystem.

5. Study of grassland ecosystem

6. Study of soil pollution in college campus

7. Study of water pollution in college campus.

8. Estimation of dissolved oxygen content of Gomati Sagar pond water

9. Analysis of temporary and total hardness of effluent sample

by titration

10. Determination of total dissolved solids (tds) in effluent Samples

11. Study of dry deciduous forest ecosystem

12. Study of flora and fauna at Gandhi-Sager Wild Life Sanctuary.

13. Visit to stone polishing industry

14. Visit to stone crushing industry

15. Study the structure of mines area

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Bharucha Erach (2005). Text book of Environmental Studies. Universities press (India) Pvt.

Ltd. Hydearbad.

2. Deswal, S. & Deswal, A (2005). An introduction to Environmental Studies. Dhanpat rai & co.

Pvt Ltd. Delhi.

3. Joshi, P.C. & Joshi, Nimita (2005) A text book of Ecology & Environment. Himalaya Pub.

House Mumbai.

4. Rana, SVS (2007) Environmental Studies. Rastogi Pub. Meerut.

5. Sharma, P. D. (2006) Ecology & Environment. Rastogi Pub. Meerut.

41

NRM-122 Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management 2 (1+1)

Theory:

Introduction to soil fertility and productivity- factors affecting. Essential plant nutrient

elements- functions, deficiency symptoms, transformations and availability. Acid, calcareous and

salt affected soils –characteristics and management. Role of microorganisms in organic matter-

decomposition – humus formation. Importance of C:N ratio and pH in plant nutrition. Integrated

plant nutrient management. Soil fertility evaluation methods, critical limits of plant nutrient

elements and hunger signs. NPK fertilizers: composition and application methodology. Luxury

consumption, nutrient interactions, deficiency symptoms, visual diagnosis.

Practical:

Analysis of soil for organic matter, available N,P,K and Micronutrients and

interpretations. Gypsum requirement of alkali soils. Lime requirement of acid soils.



date

1. Introduction to soil fertility and factors affecting it

2. Introduction to soil productivity and difference between soil fertility and

productivity

3. Essential plant nutrient elements-functions, deficiency symptoms,

4. Essential plant nutrient elements- transformations and availability

5. Acid soils- characteristics and management

6. Calcareous soils- characteristics and management

7. Salt affected soils- characteristics and management

8. Role of microorganisms in organic matter decomposition-

humus formation

9. Importance of C:N ratio and pH in plant nutrition

10. Integrated plant nutrient management concept

11. Soil fertility evaluation methods

12. Critical limits of plant nutrient elements and hunger signs

13. NPK fertilizers: composition and manufacturing processes

14. NPK fertilizers: application methodology

15. Luxury consumption, nutrient interactions, deficiency symptoms, visual diagnosis



date

1. Determination of pH in soil and irrigation water

2. Determination of Electrical conductivity in soil and irrigation water

3. Determination of organic carbon content in soils

4. Determination of available phosphorus content

5. Determination of available K content in soils

6. Evaluation of gypsum requirement of saline and alkali soils

7. Evaluation of lime requirement of acid soils

8. Preparation of solutions for micronutrient analysis and extractions

9. Determination of available micronutrient content in extracts

42

10. Identification of common manures and their composition

11. Identification of common fertilizers and their composition

12. Visual diagnosis of nutrient deficiency in different horticulture crops

13. Calculation of amount of nutrient content in fertilizers

14. Calculation of fertilizer quantity for application

15. Application methodology of fertilizers in the fields

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Basak, Ranjan Kumar (2004) Fertilizers-A Text Book. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana-

141008

2. Chundawat, B.S.(1997) Nutrient Management in Fruit Crops. Agrotech Publishing

Academy, Udaipur

3. Havlin, J.L.; Beaton,J. D.; Tisdale, S. L.and Nelson, W. L. (2004) Soil Fertility and

fertilizers. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi-110001

4. Singh,S.S. (2004) Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana-

141008

5. Yawalkar, K. S.; Agarwal, J. P. and Bokde, S.(1996) Manures and Fertilizers. Agri-

Horticultural Publishing House, Nagpur-440010

43

B.Sc. (Horticulture) Honours, Part II

I Semester

FRS-211 Temperate Fruits 2(1+1)

Theory: Classification of temperate fruits, detailed study of areas, production, varieties, climate

and soil requirements, propagation, planting density, cropping systems, after care training and

pruning, self incompatibility and pollinisers, use of growth regulators, nutrient and weed

management, harvesting, post-harvest handling and storage of apple, pear, peach, apricot, cherry,

persimmon, strawberry, kiwi, Queens land nut (Mecademia nut), almond, walnut, pecan nut,

hazel nut and chest nut. Re- plant problem, rejuvenation and special production problems like

pre-mature leaf fall, physiological disorders, important insect – pests and diseases and their

control measures.

Practical:

Nursery management practices, description and identification of varieties of above crops,

manuring and fertilization, planting systems, preparation and use of growth regulators, training

and pruning in apple, pear, plum, peach and nut crops. Visit to private orchards to diagnose

maladies. Working out economics for apple, pear, plum and peach.



Date

1. Classification of temperate fruits

2. Detailed study including Varieties, Propagation, cultural practices,

Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Apple

3. Apple continues


Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Pear

5. Pear continues


Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Peach,

7. Peach continues


Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Plum

9. Plum continues


Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Apricot

11. Apricot continues


Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Cherry

13. Cherry continues


Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Persimmon

15. Persimmon continues

44


Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Strawberry

17. Strawberry continues


Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Kiwifruit

19. Kiwifruit continues


Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Queensland nut

21. Queensland nut continues


Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Walnut

23. Walnut continues


Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Pecannut

25. Pecannut continues


Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Hazelnut

27. Hazelnut continues


Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Chestnut

29. Chestnut continues

30. Re- plant problem, rejuvenation

31. Special production problems like pre-mature leaf fall, physiological

disorders

32. Important insect – pests and diseases and their control measures.


S. No. Exercise Tentativ

eDates

1. Nomenclature of temperate fruits


3. Description and identification of apple varieties

4. Description and identification of peach varieties

5. Description and identification of pear varieties

6. Description and identification of plum varieties

7. Description and identification of almond varieties

8. Planting systems

9. Training in apple, pear, peach and plum

10. Preparation and use of growth regulators

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Bose TK, Mitra SK & Rathore DS. (1988.) Temperate Fruits -Horticulture. Allied Publ.

2. Jackson, D.I. And Looney, N.E. (1999) Temperate and Subtropical fruit production,

CABI Kolkata.

45

3. Nakasone HY & Paul RE. (1998) Tropical Fruits. CABI.Publishing, UK.

4. Sadhu, M.K. and Chattopadhyay (2001) Introductory fruit crops, Naya Prokash,

FRS-212 Plant Propagation and Nursery Management 2(1+1)

Theory:

Propagation: Need and potentialities for plant multiplication, sexual and asexual methods

of propagation, advantages and disadvantages. Seed dormancy (scarification & stratification)

internal and external factors, nursery techniques, apomixes – mono-embrony, polyembrony,

chimera & bud sport. Propagation Structures: Mist chamber, greenhouses, glasshouses, cold

frames, hot beds, poly-houses, nursery tools and implements, use of growth regulators in seed

and vegetative propagation, methods and techniques of cutting, layering, grafting and budding

physiological basis of rooting, factors influencing rooting of cuttings and layering, graft

incompatibility. Anatomical studies of bud union, selection and maintenance of mother trees,

collection of scion wood stick, scion-stock relationship, and their influences, bud wood

certification, techniques of propagation through specialized organs, corm, runners, suckers.

Micropropagation, hardening of plants in nurseries. Nursery registration act.

Insect/pest/disease control in nursery.

Practical: Media for propagation of plants in nursery beds, pot and mist chamber. Preparation of

nursery beds and sowing of seeds. Raising of rootstock. Seed treatments for breaking dormancy

and inducing vigorous seedling growth. Preparation of plant material for potting. Hardening

plants in the nursery. Practise of different types of different types of cuttings, layering, graftings

and buddings. Use of mist chamber in propagation and hardening of plants. Preparation of plant

growth regulators for seed germination and vegetative propagation. Visit to a tissue culture

laboratory. Digging, labeling and packing of fruit plants. Maintenance of nursery records. Use of

different types of nursery tools and implements for general nursery and virus tested plant

material in the nursery. Cost of establishment of a mist chamber, greenhouse, glasshouse,

polyhouse and their maintenance. Top working, bridge grafting and nursery management.

Nutrients and plant protection applications in nursery.



Date

1. Propagation: Need and potentialities for plant multiplication

2. Sexual and asexual methods of propagation its Advantages and disadvantages

3. Seed dormancy its internal and external factors. Methods to overcome dormancy-

scarification & stratification

4. Apomixes, mono-embrony, polyembrony, chimera & bud sport

5. Nursery Raising techniques and graft incompatibility

6. Propagation Structures: Mist chamber, greenhouses, glasshouses, cold frames,

hot beds, poly-houses,

7. Nursery tools and implements, scion-stock relationship, and their influences.,

8. Use of growth regulators in seed and vegetative propagation

9. Methods and techniques of cutting and layering

46

10. Method and Technique of grafting and budding and bud wood certification

11. Anatomical studies of bud union

12. Physiological basis and factors influencing rooting in cuttings and layering

13. selection and maintenance of mother trees and collection of scion wood stick

14. Techniques of propagation through specialized organs, corm, runners, suckers.

15. Micropropagation, hardening of plants in nurseries

16. Nursery registration act

17. Insect/pest/disease control in nursery.


S. No. Exercise Tentative

Dates

1. Use of different types of nursery tools and implements

2. Media for propagation of plants in nursery beds, pot and mist chamber and Use

of mist chamber in propagation and hardening of plants.

3. Preparation of nursery beds and sowing of seeds and raising of rootstock

4. Seed treatments for breaking dormancy and inducing vigorous seedling growth

5. Preparation of plant growth regulators for seed germination and vegetative

propagation

6. Practice of different types of cuttings and layering,

7. Practice of different types of grafting

8. Practice of different types budding.

9. Preparation of plant material for potting

10. Visit to a tissue culture laboratory and Maintenance of nursery records

11. Digging, labeling and packing of fruit plants

12. Hardening plants in the nursery

13. Cost of establishment of a mist chamber, greenhouse, glasshouse, polyhouse and

their maintenance

14. Top working and nursery management

15. Application of nutrients and plant protection chemicals in nursery.

16. Transplanting and after care of propagated plants

17. Numerical problems based on use of PGRs

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Bose, T.K, Mitra S.K. & Sadhu M.K. (1991) Propagation of Tropical and

Subtropical Horticultural Crops. Naya Prokash.

2. Hartmann, H.T. & Kester D.E. (1989) Plant Propagation – Principles and Practices.

Prentice Hall of India.

3. Peter K.V. (2008) Basics of Horticulture. New India Publ. Agency.

4. Radha, T. & Mathew, L. (2007). Fruit Crops. New India Publ. Agency.

5. Rajan S. & Baby L.M. (2007). Propagation of Horticultural Crops. New IndiaPubl.

Agency.

6. Singh, S.P. (1989) Mist Propagation. Metropolitan Book Co.

47

VEG-211 Temperate Vegetables 2(1+1)

Theory:

Importance and scope of temperate/cool season vegetables. Origin, climate and soil,

varieties/ hybrids, seed rate, production technologies, harvest and harvest indices, seed

production, post-harvest handling and marketing. Crops- cabbage, cauliflower, knol-khol,

sprouting broccoli, brussels’ sprout, lettuce, chinese cabbage, peas, broad bean, onion, garlic,

leek, radish, carrot, turnip, beet root, spinach, rhubarb, asparagus and globe artichoke.

Practical: Identification of seed, plant parts and varieties of cool season vegetables. Nursery raising

and management; preparation of field, sowing/transplanting. Identification of physiological and

nutritional disorders and their corrections. Harvest indices, post-harvest handling and cost of

cultivation. Field visits to commercial farms.



Date 1. Importance Of Cool Season Vegetable Crops 2. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Cabbage 3. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Cauliflower 4. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Knolkhol 5. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Sprouting

Broccoli

6. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Brussels

Sprout

7. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Lettuce 8. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Palak 9. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Chinese

Cabbage

10. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Spinach 11. Introduction I,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Garlic 12. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Onion 13. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Leek 14. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Radish 15. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Carrot 16. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Beet Root 17. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Turnip 18. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Peas 19. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Broad Beans 20. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Rhubarb 21. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Asparagus 22. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Globe

Artichoke

48



Date

1. Identification of cool season vegetable crops

2. Preparation of nursery bed of cool season vegetable crops

3. Sowing of seeds in nursery beds of cool season vegetable crops

4. Transplanting of seedlings in main field

5. Preparation of land and lay out of of main field for planting of crops

6. Identification of physiological disorders of cole crops

7. Identification of physiological disorders of root crops

8. Calculation of cost of cultivation of cool season vegetable crops

9. Post harvest handling of cool season vegetable crops

10. Field visit to a commercial farms

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Bose TK & Som MG. (Eds.). 1986. Vegetable Crops in India. Naya Prokash.

2. Bose TK, Som G & Kabir J. (Eds.). 2002. Vegetable Crops. Naya Prokash.


4. Bose TK, Kabir J, Maity TK, Parthasarathy VA & Som MG. 2003. Vegetable Crops.

Vols. I-III. Naya Udyog.

5. Chadha KL & Kalloo G. (Eds.). 1993-94. Advances in Horticulture Vols. V-X.

Malhotra Publ. House.

6. Chadha KL. (Ed.). 2002. Hand Book of Horticulture. ICAR.

7. Chauhan DVS. (Ed.). 1986. Vegetable Production in India. Ram Prasad & Sons. 31

8. Decoteau DR. 2000. Vegetable Crops. Prentice Hall. Edmond JB, Musser AM &

Andrews FS. 1951. Fundamentals of Horticulture. Blakiston Co.






12. Rana MK. 2008. Olericulture in India. Kalyani Publ.

13. Rana MK. 2008. Scientific Cultivation of Vegetables. Kalyani Publ.

14. Shanmugavelu KG. 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Oxford &

IBH.

15. Singh DK. 2007. Modern Vegetable Varieties and Production Technology.

International Book Distributing Co.

16. Singh SP. (Ed.). 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Agril. Comm.

Res. Centre.

17. Thamburaj S & Singh N. (Eds.). 2004. Vegetables, Tuber Crops and Spices. ICAR.

18. Thompson HC & Kelly WC. (Eds.). 1978. Vegetable Crops. Tata McGraw- Hill.

49

FLS-211 Commercial Floriculture 3(2+1)

Theory:

Scope and importance of commercial floriculture in India. Production techniques of

ornamental crops like rose, marigold, chrysanthemum, gladiolus, jasmines, tuberose, gaillardia,

gerbera, China aster, dahlia, carnation, bird of paradise and orchids for domestic and export

markets. Growing of flowers under protected environments such as glass house, plastic house,

etc. Post harvest Technology of cut-flowers in respect of commercial flower crops. Dehydration

techniques for drying of flowers. Production techniques for bulbs.

Practical: Identification of commercially important floricultural crops. Propagation practices in

rose, chrysanthemum, tuberose, gladiolus, dahlia and gerbera. Sowing of seeds and raising of

seedlings of annuals. Propagation by cutting, layering, budding and grafting. Training and

pruning of roses. Use of chemicals and other compounds for prolonging vase life of cut-flowers.

Drying and preservation of flowers. Flower arrangement practices.



Date 1. Importance and scope of commercial floriculture in India

2. Production techniques of ornamental flower crops for domestic and export

markets: rose- introduction, types and classification of roses

3. Rose- varieties, soil and climate, manuring and fertilization, planting, propagation

and cultural operations

4. Rose- disorders, diseases and pests, harvesting and post harvest handling

5. Production techniques of chrysanthemum- introduction, classification and types

6. Chrysanthemum- varieties, soil and climate, manuring and fertilization, planting,

propagation, cultural operations, diseases and pests, harvesting and post harvest

handling

7. Production techniques of marigold

8. Production techniques of carnation

9. Production techniques of gladiolus

10. Production techniques of jasmines- introduction, cultivated jasmine species and

varieties, their origin and climatic requirements

11. Jasmines- manuring and fertilization, planting, propagation, cultural operations,

diseases and pests, harvesting and post harvest handling

12. Production techniques of dahlia- introduction, types and classification

13. Dahlia- varieties, soil and climate, manuring and fertilization, planting,

propagation, cultural operations, diseases and pests, harvesting and post harvest

handling

14. Production techniques of tuberose

15. Production techniques of bird of paradise

16. Production techniques of China aster

17. Production techniques of gerbera

18. Production techniques of gaillardia

19. Production techniques of Orchids- introduction, types and classification

20. Orchids- growing media, important orchids in cultivation and their varieties

21. Orchids- feeding and fertilization, planting and propagation, cultural operations,

50

diseases and pests, harvesting and post harvest handling

22. Growing of flowers under protected environmental conditions: glasshouse,

polyhouse and shade-net house, types and classification of structures

23. Protected flower cultivation: growing media and environmental conditions for

important cut-flower crops

24. Protected flower cultivation: crop planting and important varieties, fertigation,

diseases and pest management, harvesting and grading of important cut-flowers-

rose, chrysanthemum, carnation, gladiolus, gerbera, anthurium, China aster and

orchids

25. Post-harvest technology of cut-flowers in respect of commercial flower crops:

rose, chrysanthemum and gladiolus

26. Post-harvest technology of cut-flowers: gerbera, dahlia and carnation

27. Post-harvest technology of cut-flowers: Orchids, china aster and anthurium

28. Dehydration techniques for flower drying- air drying and embedded drying

29. Dehydration techniques for flower drying- oven drying and microwave oven

drying of important flowers

30. Production techniques of bulbous flower crops



Date

1. Identification and brief description of commercial flower crops

2. Propagation of chrysanthemum by cuttings

3. Preparation of raised nursery beds, sowing of seeds and raising of seedlings of

rainy season annuals

4. Propagation of jasmine by layering

5. Propagation of rose by budding

6. Preparation of flat nursery beds, sowing of seeds and raising of seedlings of

winter season annuals

7. Propagation of gladiolus by corms

8. Propagation of gerbera by division

9. Propagation of tuberose by bulbs

10. Practice of training and pruning in rose

11. Preparation of holding solution with use of chemicals and other compounds for

prolonging vase life of cut flowers

12. Exercise on oven drying and preservation of flowers

13. Exercise on microwave oven drying of flowers

14. Practice in flower arrangement- Ikebana

15. Practice in flower arrangement- western arrangement

SUGGESTED READING

1. Bose,T.K.,;Maiti,R.G.;Dhua, R.S.and DAS,P.(1999) Naya Prokash, 206,Bidhan

Sarani,Calcutta-700014

2. Bose,T.K.;,Yadav,L.P.;Pal LP,Das,P and,Parthsarthy,V.A.(2002) Commercial

Flowers.Vol-1& II Noya Prokash, 2Kailash Bose Street,Kolkata-700006

3. Sheela,V.L.(2008) Flowers for Trade. New India Publishing Agency101,Vikas

SuryaPlaza,CU Block, Pitampura-New Delhi-110088

4. Singh,,A.P,;Prasad K.V.;Singh,K.P,;Swaroop,K and Raju,D.V.S(1999) Division of

Floriculture & Landscaping, IARI,Pusa New Delhi

51

PPR-211 Fundamentals of Plant Pathology 3 (2+1)

Theory:

Introduction to the science of phytopathology, its objectives, scope and historical

background. Classification of plant diseases, symptoms, signs, and related terminology. Parasitic

causes of plant diseases (fungi, bacteria, viruses, phytoplasma, protozoa, algae and flowering

parasitic plants), their characteristics and classification. Non-parasitic causes of plant diseases.

Infection process. Survival and dispersal of plant pathogens. Plant disease epidemiology,

forecasting and disease assessment. Principles and methods of plant disease management.

Integrated plant disease management.

Practical:

Familiarity with general plant pathological laboratory and field equipments. Study of

disease symptoms and signs and host parasite relationship. Identification and isolation of plant

pathogens. Koch's postulates. Preparation of fungicidal solutions, slurries, pastes and their

applications.



Date

1. Introduction to the Science of Phytopathology: Its Importance, Scope and Causes

of Plant Diseases

2. History of plant pathology (early developments and role of fungi in plant

diseases)

3. History of plant pathology (role of other plant pathogens)

4. General concepts and classification of plant diseases

5. Symptoms and signs of plant diseases

6. General characteristics of fungi and fungal-like organisms causing plant diseases

7. Reproduction in fungi and fungal like organisms causing plant diseases

8. Classification of fungal plant pathogens

9. General characteristics and reproduction of bacterial plant pathogens

10. Classification of bacterial plant pathogens

11. General characteristics and classification of viral plant pathogens

12. Algae and flagellate protozoa causing plant diseases

13. Flowering parasitic plants

14. Non-parasitic causes of plant diseases

15. Infection process

16. Role of enzymes and toxins in plant disease development

17. Host parasite interaction

18. Variability in plant pathogens

19. Disease resistance and defense mechanisms in plants

20. Dissemination of plant pathogens

21. Survival of plant pathogens

22. Effect of environmental factors on disease development

23. Plant disease epidemiology

24. Plant disease forecasting

25. Measurement of plant diseases and yield loss

http://ebschortchm.edu.in/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?id=9930



























52

26. Principles of plant disease management

27. Physical and legislative methods of plant disease management

28. Cultural methods of plant disease management

29. Biological methods of plant disease management

30. Chemical control of plant diseases

31. Use of resistant varieties in plant disease management

32. Integrated plant disease management



Dates

1. General plant pathological laboratory equipments

2. Plant pathological field equipments

3. Diseases caused by plasmodiophoromycota, chytridiomycota and oomycota

4. Diseases caused by oomycota and zygomycota

5. Diseases caused by ascomycota - powdery mildews

6. Diseases caused by ascomycota - wilts and root rots

7. Diseases caused by ascomycota –stem, leaf and fruit diseases

8. Post harvest diseases of fruits and vegetables

9. Diseases caused by basidiomycota- rusts

10. Diseases caused by basidiomycota-smuts

11. Bacterial plant diseases

12. Viral diseases of horticultural plants

13. Parasitic algae and flowering plants

14. Culture media and sterilization

15. Isolation of fungal and bacterial plant pathogens

16. Fungicidal solutions, slurries and pastes, and their applications

SUGGESTED READING

1. Agrios, G.N. 2005. Plant Pathology (5th Edition). Elsevier, Academic Press, New York.pp 922.

2. Alexopoulos, C.J., C.W. Mims and M. Blackwell. 1996. Introductory Mycology (4th Edition).

John Wiley and Sons, London, 869 p.

3. Alice, D., Jeyalaksmi, C. and Sethuraman, K (2007). Hand book on introductory Plant Pathology.

A.E. Publication Coimbatore PP 178

4. Dube, H.C. 2009. Modern Plant Pathology. Student Edition, Jodhpur. 612. P

5. H.C. Dube (2005) An Introduction to fungi. Vikas Publishing House, PP572

6. Mehrotra, R.S. and A. Agarwal. Plant Pathology (2nd Edition ) . Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing

Company Limited, New Delhi. 846 p.

7. Mishra, A. Bohra and A. Mishra (2005). Plant Pathology: Disease and Management.

AGROBIOS India pp 766

8. Rangaswamy, G. and A. Mahadevan. 2008. Diseases of Crop Plants in India (4th Edition). PHI

Learning Private Limited, New Delhi. 536 p.

9. Singh R.P. (2012) Plant Pathology Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi PP724

10. Singh, R.S. 1984. Introduction to the Principles of Plant Pathology.Oxford and IBH Pvt. Ltd.

New Delhi. 534 p.

11. Singh, R.S. 2009. Plant Diseases (9th Edition).Oxford and IBH Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 700 p.
























53

12. Tripathi D.P. (2009) Crop Diseases.Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi PP480

13. Vidhyasekaran, P. (2007).Concise Encyclopedia of Plant Pathology, VIVA Books, New Delhi.

14. Vishunavat, K and Kolte, S.J.( 2005) Essentials of Phytopathological Techniques. Kalyani

Publisher, New Delhi pp 217.

PPR-212 Fundamentals of Entomology 3 (2+1)

Theory:

Introduction to phylum arthropoda. Importance of class Insecta. Insect dominance.

Definition, division and scope of entomology. Comparative account of external morphonology-

types of mouth parts, antennae, legs, wings and genetallia. Anatomy of digestive, excretory,

nervous and reproductive systems. Postembryonic development-eclosion. Matamorphosis.

Types of larvae and pupa. Classification of insects upto orders and families of economic

importance and their distinguished characters.

Practical:

Insect collection and preservation. Identification of important insects. General body

organization of insects. Study on morphology of grasshopper. Preparation of permanent mounts

of mouth parts, antennae, legs and wings. Dissection of grasshopper and caterpillar for study of

internal morphology. Observations on metamorphosis of larvae and pupae.



Date

1. Definition of entomology and importance of insects.

2. Introduction to PhylumArthropoda, Class Insecta and their characteristics.

3. Insect dominance with characteristics in detail

4. Taxonomy, principles and procedures. Nomenclature and identification

5. Classification of class insecta into different orders

6. Identification of Agricultural/Horticultural important insect orders with their

important characters

7. Study of insect orders: Protura, Collembola, Diplura, Microcoryphia

8. Study of insect order: Thysanura, and it’s important families

9. Study of insect order: Orthoptera and it’s important families

10. Study of insect order: Lepidoptera and it’s important families

11. Study of insect order: Coleoptera and it’s important families

12. Study of insect order: Isoptera and it’s important families

13. Study of insect order: Diptera and it’s important families

14. Study of insect order: Hymenoptera and it’s important families

15. Study of insect order: Hemiptera and it’s important families

16. Study of insect orders: Odonata, Dictioptera and Neuroptera

17. Comparative account of insect external morphology and structure of boby wall

in detail

18. Structure of Insect head and it’ orientation

19. Study of different parts of insect antenna and it’s modifications

54

20. Study of insect mouth part and types of mouth parts

21. Insect thorax: segmentation of thorax.

22. Insect leg structure and its modifications

23. Insect wing: structure and its modifications

24. Insect abdomen: structure and its modifications

25. Male and female genetalia

26. Anatomy: Digestive system

27. Anatomy: Excretory system

28. Anatomy: Respiratory system

29. Anatomy: Nervous system & Sense organs

30. Anatomy: Reproductive system

31. Post embryonic development and it’s types

32. Metamorphosis and types of larvae



Date

1. Method of collection, Preservation, Pinning, Setting and Labeling of insect-

pests

2. External features of Grasshopper / Beetle

3. Identification of insect orders of Agricultural/Horticultural importance

4. Identification of beneficial insect orders: Neuroptera, Odonata and Dictyoptera

5. Study of Exoskeleton

6. Generalized structure of Insect head and it’s orientation

7. Study of mount of mouth parts and their modification

8. Preparation of permanent mount of mouth parts

9. Preparation of permanent mount of types of antenna

10. Study of appendages of thorax: Wings

11. Study of appendages of thorax: legs and their permanent mount

12. Study abdominal appendages: male and female genetalia

13. Study of Digestive system of grasshopper

14. Study of Nervous system of grasshopper

15. Study of Excretory system

SUGGESTED READING

1. Atwal, A.S. and G.S. Dhaliwal (2010): Agriculture Pests of South East Asia and Their

Management, Kalyani Publisher Ludhiana pp616

2. Awasthi, V.B. (2011) Agricultural insect and pest and their control. Scientific Publisher

Jodhpur pp267

3. Chapman, R.F. 2006Tthe Insect Structure and Function fourth edition Cambridge

University Ptress UK pp770

4. David, B.V.andAnanthakrishnan, T.N. (2006) General and Applied Entomology, Tata

McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.pp1184

5. Kachhwaha, N. (2011) Principle of Entomology Basic and Applied AGROBIOS, Jodhpur

pp561

55

6. Mathur, Y.K. and K.D. Upadhyay (2005): A Text Book of Entomology (Fifth

Edition):Aman Publishing house, Meerut pp388

7. Rajagopal, D and Chakravarthy, A.K. (2012) Insects.Avishkar, Publishers, Distributors

Jaipur pp 100

8. Selvanarayanan, V. and Arivudainambi, S., (2005) Introductory

Entomology,Manivasagarpathippagam Chennai pp 262.

9. Tembhare, B.D.(2002): Modern entomology, Himalaya Publishing House,Mumbaipp623

10. Wilson, G.F.(2010) Horticultural pest Detection and their control , Biotech Book Delhi

pp 240.

FPU-213 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 3 (2+1)

Theory:

History, scope, opportunities and constraints in the cultivation and utilisation of

medicinal and aromatic plants in India. Importance, origin, distribution, Therapeutic and

pharmaceutical uses, Cultivation area, production, climatic and soil requirements, propagation

and nursery techniques, planting and aftercare, training and pruning, nutritional and water

requirements. Plant protection, harvesting, processing and economics of under mentioned

important medicinal and aromatic plants. Medicinal Plants : Pepper, Cardamom, Clove, Ginger,

Turmeric, Betelvine, Periwinkle, Rauvolfia, Dioscorea, Isabgol, Ammi majus, Belladona,

Cinchona, Pyrethrum and other species relevant to local conditions. Aromatic Plants : Citronella

grass, Khus grass, Sweet flag, Lavender, Geranium, Patchouli, Bursera, Mentha, Muskdana,

Ocimum, Stevia, Safed Musali, Eucalyptus citridora and other species relevant to the local

conditions.

Study of chemical composition of a few important medicinal and aromatic plants, their extraction

and use. Therapeutic and pharmaceutical uses of important species. Endangered medicinal and

aromatic plants of India and their conservation

Practical:

Morphological description and identification of various medicinal plants. Collection of

medicinal plants and plant parts from natural habitats. Survey and study of nursery techniques of

medicinal plants. Harvesting, drying, grading, storage and processing techniques and extraction

of essential oil. Visit to a nearby medicinal and aromatic plantation area /nursery / herbal

garden/MAP repository/ayurvedic pharmacies /pharmaceutical industries.



Date

1. History, scope, opportunities and constraints in the cultivation and utilization of

medicinal and aromatic plants in India.

2. History, scope, opportunities and constraints in the cultivation and utilization of

medicinal and aromatic plants in India continue

3. Opportunities and constraints in the cultivation and utilization of medicinal and

aromatic plants in India.

4. Importance, origin, distribution, therapeutic and pharmaceutical uses.

5. Cultivation area, production, climatic and soil requirements. propagation and

nursery techniques, planting and aftercare, training and pruning, nutritional and

56

water requirement Plant protection, harvesting, processing and economics of

Pepper

6. -do- Cardamom

7. -do- Clove

8. -do- Ginger & Turmeric

9. -do- Betelvine

10. -do- Periwinkle

11. -do-. Rauvolfia

12. -do-. Dioscorea

13. -do- Isabgol

14. -do- Ammi majus

15. -do- Belladona & Cinchona

16. -do Pyrethrum and other local species

17. -do- Rauvolfia,

18. -do- Isabgol

19. -do- Dioscorea

20. -do- Ammi majus, belladonna

21. -do- Citronella grass,

22. -do- khus grass

23. -do- Sweet flag (bach),

24. -do- lavender, geranium

25. -do- Patchouli, Bursera,

26. Mentha

27. muskdana (musk mallow),

28. Ocimum and other species relevant to the local conditions

29. Study of chemical composition of a few important medicinal and aromatic plants

their.

30. Extraction and use of medicinal & aromatic plants

31. Endangered medicinal and aromatic plants of India and their conservation.

32. Therapeutic and pharmaceutical uses of important species.



Date

1. Morphological description and identification of various medicinal plants

2. Collection of medicinal plants and plant parts from natural habitats

3. Collection of medicinal plants and plant parts from natural habitats continue

4. Survey and study of nursery techniques including training and pruning of

medicinal plants.

5. Harvesting, drying, grading, storage and processing techniques

6. Harvesting, drying, grading, storage and processing techniques continue

7. Study of plant parts used in drug making.

8. Layout and preparation of nursery beds and raising of medicinal plants in the

beds.


beds continue


57

beds continue


beds continue


beds continue

13. Visit to a nearby medicinal and aromatic plantation area /nursery /ayurvedic

pharmacies /pharmaceutical industries

14. Visit to a nearby medicinal and aromatic nursery

15. Visit to a nearby ayurvedic pharmacies

16. Visit to a nearby pharmaceutical industries

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Anon. (1986). The useful plants of India, CSIR, New Delhi

2. Anon. (1998). Wealth of India, Raw material, Vol. I-IX, CSIR, New Delhi

3. Anon. (2000). Report of the task force on conservation and sustainable use of medicinal

plants. Planning Commission (GOI), New Delhi

4. Atal, C.K. and Kapoor, B.M. 91989) .Cultivation and Utilisation of Medicinal plants.

RRL, Jammu

5. Bhattacherjee, S.K. (2001). Handbook of Medicinal Plants. Pointer Pub. Jaipur

6. Chopra , R.N., Nayyar, S.L., Chopra, I.C.(1954). Glossary of Indian medicinal

Plants,CSIR, N.Delhi

7. Farooqui, A.A., and Sreeramu, B.S. (2001). Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic

Crops. University Press, Banglore.

8. Hussain, A (1992). Dictionary of medicnal Plants. CIMAP, LKO

9. Jain, S.K. (1968). Medicinal Plants, National book Trust, New Delhi

10. Jaryal, G.S. (1998). Suitable Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Commercial Cultivation.

Udhamita Vikas Kendra, Bhopal

11. Karki. M.(1998). A Review of Medicinal Plants sector in India. IDRC, Cananda

12. Kaushik, P. and A.K. Dhawan (2000). Medicinal Plants and Raw drugs of India.,

Dehradun

13. Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu, B.D. (1975). Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. I- IV, Bishan Singh

& Mahendra pal Singh, Dehradun

14. Krishna, S and Badhwar, R.L. (1952). Aromatic plants of India. Part XV CSIR, New

Delhi

15. Kumar, N. Kadir, A and Rangaswamy. (1998). Introduction to Spices, Plantation crops

and Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Oxford Press New Delhi

16. Maheswari, p. and Sigh, U. (1981). Dictionary of economic plants of India. ICAR, New

Delhi

17. Manmohan, J.R. (2007). Manual of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. CH & F, Jhalawar

18. Prajapati, N.D., Purohit, S.S.,Sharma, A.K. and Kumar.T (2003). Handbook Medicinal

Plants. Agrobios, Jodhpur

19. Sharma, R. (2003). Medicinal Plants of India- An Encyclopedia. Daya Pub. House,

N.Delhi

20. Sharma, Ravindra (2004). Agrotechniques of medicinal plants. Daya pub. House. N. Dehi

58

NRM-211 Organic Farming 2(1+1)

Theory:

Introduction, concept, relevance in present context; Organic production requirements;

Biological intensive nutrient management-organic manures (FYM and composting),

vermicomposting, green manuring, recycling of organic residues, biofertilizers; Soil

improvement and amendments; Integrated diseases and pest management– use of biocontrol

agents, biopesticides, pheromones, trap crops, bird perches; Weed management; Quality

considerations, certification, labeling and accreditation processors, marketing, exports.

Practical: Raising of vegetable crops organically through nutrient, diseases and pest management;

vermicomposting; nursery raising for vegetables, ornamental and forest trees; post harvest

management-macro quality analysis of fruits & vegetables, grading, waxing and packaging.


S.

No.

Theory Tentative

Date

1. Introduction, Definitions, Concept, Principles & scope of

organic farming

2. Ill effect of green revolution, advantages & disadvantages of OF

3. Relevance of organic farming in present context

4. Organic production requirements-for nutrient management

5. Biological intensive nutrient management-organic manures (FYM)

6. Vermicomposting, vermiwash

7. Green manuring, Recycling of organic residues, Soil improvement through

amendments

8. Biofertilizers

9. Composting –methods, its advantages & disadvantages

10. Integrated diseases and pest management

11. Use of biocontrol agents-Biopesticides pheromones, Trap crops, bird

perches

12. Weed management

13. Quality considerations, certification,

14. Labeling and accreditation procedures

15. Marketing & exports of organic products


S.

No.

Theory Tentative

Date

1. Raising of vegetable crops organically through nutrient, diseases and pest

management

2. Continue

3. Continue

4. Continue

5. Continue

59

6. Continue

7. Continue

8. Vermicomposting

9. Vermiwash Preparation

10. Use of Vermiwash in nursery and fruit orchards

11. Vegetable and ornamental nursery raising

12. Continue

13. Continue

14. Macro quality analysis, grading, packaging, post harvest management

15. Estimation of organic matter content in soil sample

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Joshi Mukund and Prabhakarasetty T. K. (2005) Sustainability through organic Farming.

Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana-141008

2. Palaniappan, S. P. and Annadurai K. (2003) Organic Farming-Theory & Practice.

Scientific Publishers (India) Jodhpur-342001

3. Purohit, S. S. and Gehlot Dushyant (2006) Trends in Organic Farming. Agrobios (India),

Jodhpur-342003

4. Singh A. K. (2007) Conversion to Organic Agriculture. International Book Distributing

Co., Lucknow-226001 U.P. India.

5. Tarafdar, J. C.; Tripathi, K. P. and Kumar Mahesh (2008) Organic Agriculture. Scientific

Publishers (India) Jodhpur-342001

60

B.Sc. (Horticulture) Honours, Part II

II Semester

FRS-221 Plantation Crops 3(2+1)

Theory:

History and development, scope and importance, area and production, export and import

potential, role in national and state economy, uses, industrial importance, by products utilization,

soil and climate, varieties, propagation: principles and practices of seed, vegetative and micro-

propagation, planting systems and method, gap filling, systems of cultivation, mulching, shade

regulation, weed and water management, training, pruning and handling, nutrition, foliar feeding,

role of growth regulators, soil management, liming practices, tipping practices, top working,

physiological disorders, harvesting, post-harvest handling and processing, packaging and

marketing, yield and economics of coconut, arecanut, oil palm, palmyrah palm, cacao, cashew

nut, coffee, tea and rubber.

Practical: Description and identification of coconut varieties, selection of coconut and arecanut

mother palm and seed nut, planting of seed nuts in nursery, layout and planting of coconut,

arecanut, oil palm, cashew nut, cacao gardens, manuring, irrigation; mulching, raising masonry

nursery for palm, nursery management in cacao. Description and identification of species and

varieties in coffee, harvesting, grading, pulping, fermenting, washing, drying and packing of

coffee, seed berry collection, seed extraction, treatment and sowing of coffee, epicotyl, softwood,

grafting and top working in cashew, working out the economics and project preparation for

coconut, arecanut, oil palm, cashew nut, cacao, etc. Mother plant selection, preparation of

cuttings and rooting of tea under specialized structure, training, centering, pruning, tipping and

harvesting of tea., tour to southern part of the country.


S. No. Topic Tentative

Date

History and development, scope and importance, area and production, export and import

potential, role in national and state economy, uses, industrial importance, by products

utilization, soil and climate, varieties, propagation: principles and practices of seed, vegetative

and micro-propagation, planting systems and method, gap filling, systems of cultivation,

mulching, shade regulation, weed and water management, training, pruning and handling,

nutrition, foliar feeding, role of growth regulators, soil management, liming practices, tipping

practices, top working, physiological disorders, harvesting, post-harvest handling and

processing, packaging and marketing, yield and economics of following crops :

1. Coconut

2. Coconut

3. Coconut

4. Coconut

5. Arecanut

6. Arecanut

7. Arecanut

61

8. Arecanut

9. Oil palm

10. Oil palm

11. Oil palm

12. Palmyrah palm

13. Palmyrah palm

14. Palmyrah palm

15. Cacao

16. Cacao

17. Cacao

18. Cashew nut

19. Cashew nut

20. Cashew nut

21. Cashew nut

22. Coffee

23. Coffee

24. Coffee

25. Coffee

26. Tea

27. Tea

28. Tea

29. Tea

30. Rubber

31. Rubber

32. Rubber



Date

1. Description and identification of coconut varieties

2. Selection of coconut and arecanut mother palm and seed nut, planting of seed

nuts in nursery

3. Layout and planting of coconut, arecanut, oil palm, cashew nut and cacao

gardens

4. Manuring, irrigation, mulching and raising Masonry nursery for palm

5. Nursery management in cacao

6. Description and identification of species and varieties in coffee

7. Harvesting, grading, pulping, fermentation, washing, drying and packing of

coffee

8. Seed berry collection, seed extraction, treatment and sowing of coffee

9. Epicotyl and softwood grafting in cashew

10. Top working in cashew

11. Working out the economics for coconut, arecanut, oil palm, cashew nut and

cacao

12. Project preparation for coconut, arecanut,

13. Project preparation for oil palm, cashew nut, cacao, etc

62

14. Mother plant selection, preparation of cuttings and rooting of tea under

specialized structure

15. Training, centering, pruning, and tipping in tea

16. Harvesting of tea.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Bose, T.K., Sadhu, M.K. Farooqi, and Sadhu, M.K. (1999) Tropical Horticulture, Vol., 2,

2. Chadha, K.L.(2006 ) Handbook of Horticulture, ICAR, New Delhi.

3. Dashora, L.K., Dashora, A. and Lakhawat, S.S. (2005) Production Technology of

Plantation crops, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic plant. Agrotech Publishing Academy,

Udaipur, Rajasthan.

4. Sen, N.L. and Dashora, L.K.(2003) Ropan phaslein, masale, aushadhiya evam sugandhit

paudhe (2003), Alka pubications, Ajmer.

5. Shanmugavelu, K.G. and Kumar,N. and peter, K.V. (2005) Production technology of

spices and plantation crops, Agro-bios, Jodhpur.

6. Singh, Jitendra (2008) Spices and plantation crops, Aavishkar publishers, Jaipur.

FRS-222 Orchard Management 2(1+1)

Theory:

Importance, objectives, merits and demerits of orchard management. Aspects and

problems in orchard management. Clean cultivation, sod culture and inorganic and organic

mulches. Tropical, sub-tropical and temperate horticultural systems, competitive and

complimentary effect of root and shoot systems. Biological efficiency of cropping systems in

horticulture, soil management in relation to nutrient and water uptake and their effect on soil

environment, moisture, organisms and soil properties. Integrated nutrient and pest management.

Utilization of resources constraints in existing systems. Crop model and crop regulation in

relation to cropping systems. Physiological disorders of important fruit crops and their remedial

measures.

Practical: Acquaintance with wind break and shelter belts. Layout of different systems of orchard

soil management, clean, inter, cover and mixed cropping, fillers. Use of mulch materials,

organic and inorganic, moisture conservation, weed control. Diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies

and physiological disorders of important fruit crops. Soil and foliar application of nutrients and

growth regulators.



Date

1. Importance, objectives, merits and demerits of orchard management

2. Aspects and problems in orchard management.

3. Clean cultivation and sod culture and its merits and demerits

4. Mulching- inorganic and organic

5. Tropical, sub-tropical and temperate horticultural systems

6. Competitive and complimentary effect of root and shoot systems.

63

7. Biological efficiency of cropping systems in horticulture

8. soil management in relation to nutrient and water uptake

9. Effect of soil management on soil environment, moisture, organisms and soil

properties

10. Integrated nutrient management

11. Integrated Pest and Disease management.

12. Utilization of resources constraints in existing systems

13. Crop model in cropping systems

14. Crop regulation in relation to cropping systems

15. Physiological disorders of important fruit crops and their remedial measures.

16. Integrated weed management

17. Methods of Training and Pruning



Date

1. Identification of plants suitable for wind break and shelter belts

2. Layout of Clean cultivation in orchard soil management

3. Layout of inter cropping

4. Cover, fillers and mixed cropping,

5. Use of organic mulch materials

6. Use of Polythene mulch materials

7. Methods of weed control in fruit orchard

8. Diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies

9. Diagnosis of diseased specimen in fruit plant

10. Diagnosis of physiological disorders of important fruit crops

11. Diagnosis of physiological disorders of important fruit crops

12. Soil application of nutrients

13. Application of growth regulators

14. Foliar application of nutrients

15. Techniques of moisture conservation

16. Techniques of moisture conservation

17. Identification of plants suitable for wind break and shelter belts

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Barooah, S. (1998) Modern Fruit culture, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

2. Chundawat, B.S. and Sen. N.L. (2002) Principles of fruit cultivation, ATPA, Udaipur.

3. Malik, Mohmood N. (2000) Horticulture, Biotech Books, Delhi.

4. Sadhu, M.K. and Chattopadhyay (2001). Introductory fruit crops, Naya Prokash, Kolkata.

5. Sharma, R. R. (2006) Fruit production, problems and solutions, IBDC, Lucnow

64

VEG-221 Spices and Condiments 2(1+1)

Theory:

History, scope, importance and classification of spices and condiments. Soil and climate,

propagation - seed, vegetative and micro-propagation, methods of planting, cropping pattern,

nutritional management, irrigation practices, weed control, mulching, cover crops, training and

pruning practices, role of growth regulators, harvesting, post-harvest technology, packaging,

storage, value addition. Methods of extraction of essential oils and oleoresins. Economics of

cultivation. Crops- coriander, fenugreek, fennel, cumin, dill, celery, bishops weed, ginger,

turmeric, cardamom, pepper, clove, nutmeg, cinnamon, all spice, curry leaf, saffron, vanilla,

thyme and rosemary. Significance of Spice Board and Pepper Board, Institutions and research

centers in R&D.

Practical: Identification of seed, plant parts and varieties; propagation; seed treatment; sowing;

layout, planting; hoeing and earthing-up; manuring and use of weedicides, training and pruning;

maturity standards, harvesting, curing, processing, grading and extraction of essential oils and

oleoresins. Field visits.



Date

1. History (pre &post independence history )and scope of spices in india

2. Importance,area,production,uses ,export and role of spices in national economy

3. Definition and classification of spices

4. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigationpgr’sshade

regulation in cardamom

5. Harvesting,pht,storage,value adde products and economics ofcultivation of

cardamom

6. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation training &pruning

,shade regulation in pepper

7. Harvesting,pht,storage,value added product,oil,oleoresin extractionmethods of

and economics ofcultivation of pepper

8. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigationmulching ,shade

regulation in ginger

9. Harvesting,pht,storage,value added product,oil,oleoresin extraction methods and

economics ofcultivation of ginger

10. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigationmulching ,shade

regulation in turmeric

11. Harvesting,pht,storage,value added product, and economics ofcultivation of

turmeric

12. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation harvesting and pht

of clove


of nutmeg


of cinnamon


of allspice

65


of curry leaves


of coriander


of fenugreek


of fennel


of cumin


of dill


of celery


ofbishops weed


of saffron

25. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation management

mulching of vanilla

26. h arvesting and post harvest management of vanilla


ofthyme


of rosemaryl

29. Role of spice board and its function

30. Role of cardamom board and its function

31. Role of pepper export promotions council and its function



Date

1. Identification of different spice crops

2. Study of different propagation methods of spice crops

3. Prepare fungicidal solution for seed treatment of ginger

4. Field lay out of ginger

5. Use ofand preparation of herbicides in spice crops

6. Weeding and hoeing in various spice crops

7. Manuring and calculation of fertilsers in spice crops

8. Study maturity standrds and harvestig of spice crops

9. Practice of earthing up of ginger and turmeric

10. Study different processing of spice crops

11. Study different methods of extraction of essential oils and oleoresins

12. Study grading of spice crops

66

SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. Agarwal S, Sastry EVD & Sharma RK. 2001. Seed Spices: Production,Quality,

Export. Pointer Publ.

2. Arya PS. 2003. Spice Crops of India. Kalyani.

3. Bose TK, Mitra SK, Farooqi SK & Sadhu MK (Eds.). 1999. Tropical Horticulture.

Vol.I. Naya Prokash.

4. Chadha KL & Rethinam P. (Eds.). 1993. Advances in Horticulture. Vols. IX-X.

Plantation Crops and Spices. Malhotra Publ. House.

5. Gupta S. (Ed.). Hand Book of Spices and Packaging with Formulae. Engineers India

Research Institute, New Delhi.

6. Kumar NA, Khader P, Rangaswami & Irulappan I. 2000. Introduction to Spices,

Plantation Crops, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Oxford & IBH.

7. Nybe EV, Miniraj N & Peter KV. 2007. Spices. New India Publ. Agency.

8. Parthasarthy VA, Kandiannan V & Srinivasan V. 2008. Organic Spices. New India

Publ. Agency.

9. Peter KV. 2001. Hand Book of Herbs and Spices. Vols. I-III. Woodhead Publ. Co.

UK and CRC USA

10. Pruthi JS. (Ed.). 1998. Spices and Condiments. National Book Trust

11. Pruthi JS. 2001. Minor Spices and Condiments- Crop Management and Post Harvest

Technology. ICAR.

12. Purseglove JW, Brown EG, Green CL & Robbins SRJ. (Eds.). 1981. Spices. Vols. I,

II. Longman.

13. Shanmugavelu KG, Kumar N & Peter KV. 2002. Production Technology of Spices

and Plantation Crops. Agrobios.

14. Tiwari RS & Agarwal A. 2004. Production Technology of Spices. International Book

Distr. Co.

15. Varmudy V. 2001. Marketing of Spices. Daya Publ. House.

VEG-222 Potato and Tuber Crops 3(2+1)

Theory:

Origin, area, production, economic importance and export potential of potato and

tropical, sub-tropical and temperate tuber crops; Description of varieties and hybrids, climate and

soil requirement, sowing/planting season; seed rate; preparation of field; planting practices;

spacing; water, nutrient and weed management; nutrient deficiencies, use of chemicals and

growth regulators; cropping systems, harvesting, yield; post-harvest handling and storage,

marketing. Seed production, field and seed standards, Economics of cultivation, Crops – potato,

sweet potato, colocasia, Dioscorea, elephants’ foot yam, tapioca, arrow root, xanthosoma,

Jerusalem artichoke, horse radish and other under exploited tuber crops.

67

Practical: Identification and description of potato and tropical, sub-tropical and temperate tuber

crops; planting systems and practices; field preparation and sowing/planting. Top dressing of

fertilizers and intercultural operations. Use of herbicides and growth regulators. Identification of

nutrient deficiencies, physiological disorders; harvest indices and maturity standards, post-

harvest handling and storage, marketing and cost of cultivation,



Date

1. Origin, area, production, economic importance and export potential, varieties and

hybrids, climate and soil requirement, sowing/planting season; seed rate;

preparation of field; planting practices; spacing; water, nutrient and weed

management; nutrient deficiencies, use of chemicals and growth regulators;

cropping systems, harvesting, yield of potato

2.

3.

4.

5.

6. -do- of Sweet potato

7.

8. -do- of Colocasia

9.

10.

11. -do- of Dioscorea

12.

13.

14. -do- of Elephant’s foot yam

15.

16. -do- of Tapioca

17.

18. -do- of Arrow root

19. -do- of Xanthosoma

20. -do- of Jerusalem artichoke

21. -do- of Horse radish

22. -do- of Other under exploited tuber crops

23.

24. Post-harvest handling and storage, marketing of potato and tropical, sub-tropical

and temperate tuber crops

25.

26. Seed production, field and seed standards

27.

28.

29. Economics of cultivation

30.



Dates

1. Identification and description of potatoand tropical, sub-tropical and temperate

tuber crops

2.

3. Planting systems and practices; field preparation and sowing/planting of potato

68

4. and tropical, sub-tropical and temperate tuber crops

5.

6. Top dressing of fertilizers and intercultural operations

7. Use of herbicides

8. Use of growth regulators

9.

10. Identification of nutrient deficiencies, physiological disorders

11.

12. Harvest indices and maturity standards

13. Post-harvest handling and storage, marketing

14. Cost of cultivation

15.

SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. Chadha KL & Rethinam P. (Eds.). 1993. Advances in Horticulture. Vols. VI. Potato

and Tuber Crops. Malhotra Publ. House.

2. Decoteau DR. 2000. Vegetable Crops. Prentice Hall. Edmond JB, Musser AM &

Andrews FS. 1951. Fundamentals of Horticulture. Blakiston Co.






6. Rana MK. 2008. Olericulture in India. Kalyani Publ.

7. Rana MK. 2008. Scientific Cultivation of Vegetables. Kalyani Publ.

8. Rubatzky VE & Yamaguchi M. (Eds.). 1997. World Vegetables: Principles,

Production and Nutritive Values. Chapman & Hall.

9. Saini GS. 2001. A Text Book of Oleri and Flori Culture. Aman Publ. House.

10. Salunkhe DK & Kadam SS. (Ed.). 1998. Hand Book of Vegetable Science and

Technology: Production, Composition, Storage and Processing. Marcel Dekker.

11. Shanmugavelu KG. 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Oxford &

IBH.

12. Singh DK. 2007. Modern Vegetable Varieties and Production Technology.

International Book Distributing Co.

13. Singh SP. (Ed.). 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Agril. Comm.

Res. Centre.

14. Thamburaj S & Singh N. (Eds.). 2004. Vegetables, Tuber Crops and Spices. ICAR.

15. Thompson HC & Kelly WC. (Eds.). 1978. Vegetable Crops. Tata McGraw- Hill.

FLS-221 Ornamental Horticulture 3 (2+1)

Theory:

History, scope of gardening, Famous gardens in India, types of gardens. Landscaping,

historical background, definition. Landscaping, basic principles and basic components.

Principles of gardening, garden components, adornments, lawn making and its management,

methods of designing rockery, water garden, etc. Special types of gardens, their walk-paths,

69

bridges, constructed features. Greenhouse. Trees, their design values in landscaping,

propagation, planting. Shrubs and herbaceous perennials: Importance, design values,

propagation, planting; climbers and creepers, palms, ferns, grasses and cacti succulents. Flower

arrangement and its importance, Bio-aesthetic planning: definition, need, round country

planning, urban planning , planting avenues, beautifying schools, villages, railway stations, dam

sites, hydroelectric stations, colonies, river banks, planting material for play grounds. Vertical

gardens, roof gardens. Bonsai and its culture. Parks and public gardens.

Practical:

Identification and description of annuals, herbaceous, perennials, climbers, creepers,

foliage flowering shrubs, trees, palms, ferns, ornamental grasses; cacti succulents. Planning and

designing gardens, layout of components of garden, functional uses of plants in the landscape.

Panning design of house garden, roadside planting, avenues for new colonies, traffic islands,

preparation of land for lawn and planting. Description and design of garden structures, layout of

rockery, water garden, terrace garden, and Japanese gardens, recreational and children’s corner.

Layout of terrarium, traffic islands, bottle garden, dish garden. Flower arrangement, bonsai

practicing and training. Visit to nearby gardens. Identification and description of

species/varieties of jasmine, chrysanthemum, marigold, dahlia, gladiolus, carnation, aster and

their important inter-culture practice.



Date

1. History and scope of gardening

2. Famous gardens in India

3. Styles of gardening

4. Types of gardens: Persian, Mughal, French and Italian gardens

5. Types of gardens: English and Japanese gardens

6. Landscaping: definition and historical background

7. Basic principles of landscaping- design elements

8. Basic principles of landscaping- design principles

9. Principles of gardening, garden components and adornments

10. Garden components: garden wall, fences, steps, drives & paths

11. Garden components: hedges, edging, arches and pergolas

12. Garden components: living wall, paved garden, carpet bedding and flower

beds

13. Garden components: shrubbery and herbaceous borders

14. Garden adornments: garden seats, lights, sundials, bird baths, floral clocks,

ornamental stones & lanterns, statues & fountains, plant stands, etc.

15. Lawn: land preparation, planting, care and management

16. Methods of designing rockery and water garden

17. Special types of gardens (bog garden & sunken garden): their walk-paths,

bridges and constructed features

18. Vertical and roof gardens

19. Trees: importance, design values in landscaping, propagation and planting

20. Shrubs: importance, design values, propagation and planting

70

21. Herbaceous perennials: importance, design values, propagation and planting

22. Ornamental climbers and creepers

23. Ornamental palms, ferns, grasses and cacti & succulents

24. Flower arrangement: importance, types and characteristics

25. Flower arrangement types: Japanese and western flower arrangements

26. Bio-aesthetic planning: definition, need and scope

27. Round country planning, urban planning and planting avenues, colonies,

schools, villages and planting material for play grounds

28. Beautifying by planting railway stations, dam sites, hydroelectric stations and

river banks

29. Greenhouse: definition, types and uses in gardening

30. Bonsai: definition, classification and different styles

31. Bonsai: culture and maintenance

32. Parks and public gardens


S.

No.

Topic Tentative

Date

1. Identification and description of annuals, herbaceous perennials, creepers &

climbers, foliage & flowering shrubs, trees, palms, ferns, ornamental grasses and

cacti & succulents

2. Planning, designing and layout of components of garden

3. Functional uses of plants in the landscape

4. Planning and designing of home garden

5. Planting roadsides and avenues for new colonies

6. Layout of traffic islands

7. Preparation of land and planting of lawn

8. Description and designing of garden structures: rockery and water garden

9. Description and designing of garden structures: terrace garden

10. Description and designing of garden structures: Japanese garden

11. Description and designing of garden structures: recreational garden and

children’s corner

12. Layout of terrarium, bottle or dish garden

13. Practice in flower arrangement

14. Practice in bonsai making

15. Visit to nearby gardens and description of important garden features

SUGGESTED READING

1. Arora,J.(2001) Introductory Ornamental Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers,B-1 / 1292 ,

Rajinder Nagar, Ludhiana

2. Bhanu L. and Desai (1979) Planning and Planting Designs of Home Garden. lCAR, New

Delhi

3. Bose, T.K.; Maiti, R.G.; Dhua, R.S. and Das, P. (1999) Floriculture and Landscaping.

Naya Udyog, 206, Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata - 700006.

71

4. Randhawa,G.S.and Mukhopadhyay,A.(2001) Floriculture in India. Allied publishers

Limited,A-104 Mayapuri, New Delhi-110064

NRM-221 Soil and Plant Analysis 2 (1+1)

Theory:

Methods of soil and plant sampling and processing for analysis. Quantification of

minerals and their abundance. Soil structure and aggregate analysis. Theories and concepts of

soil moisture estimation – gravimetric, tensiometric, gypsum block, neutron probe and pressure

membrane/plate methods. Characterization of hydraulic mobility–diffusion and mass flow.

Renewal of gases in soil and their abundance. Methods of estimation of oxygen diffusion rate

and redox potential. Soil fertility evaluation methods. Use of radio tracer techniques in soil

fertility evaluation. Soil micro-organisms and their importance. Saline, alkali, acid, waterlogged

and sandy soils, their appraisal and management. Chemical and mineral composition of

horticultural crops. Leaf analysis standards, index tissue, interpretation of leaf analysis values.

Principles of working of pH meter, electrical conductivity meter, spectrophotometer, flame

photometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Quality of irrigation water.

Practical: Collection and preparation of soil and plant samples for analysis. Determination of water

holding capacity and hydraulic conductivity of soil. Estimation of moisture content in soils and

plants. Determination of pH, electrical conductivity in soil & water. Irrigation water quality

analysis-Determination of SAR and RSC hazard of irrigation water (Soluble cations & anions).

Enumeration of soil microbes. Estimation of available macro and micronutrient elements in soils

and their contents in plants.


S.

No.

Topic Tentative

Date

1. Methods of soil and plant sampling and processing for analysis

2. Quantification of minerals and their abundance

3. Soil structure and aggregate analysis

4. Theories and concepts of soil moisture estimation-gravimetric, tensiometric,

gypsum block, neutron probe and pressure plate methods

5. Characterization of hydraulic mobility-diffusion and mass flow

6. Renewal of gases in soil and their abundance

7. Methods of estimation of oxygen diffusion rate and redox potential

8. Soil fertility evaluation methods

9. Use of radio tracer techniques in soil fertility evaluation

10. Soil microorganisms and their importance

11. Saline, alkali, acid, waterlogged and sandy soils-their appraisal and

management

12. Chemical and mineral composition of Horticultural crops

13. Leaf analysis standards, index tissue, interpretation of

leaf analysis values.

14. Principles of working of pH meter, electrical conductivity meter

72

15. Principles of working of spectrophotometer, flame photometer and atomic

absorption spectrophotometer

16. Quality of irrigation water


S.

No.

Topic Tentative

Date

1. Collection and preparation of soil and plant samples for analysis

2. Determination of water holding capacity of soil

3. Estimation of moisture content in soils

4. Estimation of moisture content in plant leaves

5. Determination of pH and EC.

6. Determination of organic carbon content of soils

7. Determination of available K content of soils

8. Determination of available micronutrient content in soils

9. Irrigation water quality analysis

10 Plant leaf sample preparation for analysis of nutrient contents

11. Plant leaf sample digestion for analysis of nutrient contents

12. Plant analysis for nutrient contents.

13. Microscopic examination of microorganisms

14. Collect the irrigation water sample for test the quality parameters

15. Test the quality parameters of irrigation water

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Biswas, T. D. and Mukherjee, S. K. (1994) Text book of Soil science. Tata Mcgraw-Hill

publishing company Limited, New Delhi- 110 002

2. Chopra, S. L. and Kanwar J. S. (1999) Analytical Agricultural Chemistry. Kalyani

Publishers, Ludhiana-141008

3. Gupta, P. K. (2004) Soil, Plant, Water and Fertilizer analysis. Agrobios (India),

Jodhpur-342003

4. Proyogic Mrida Vighyan, By K. L. Totawat and L. L. Somani, Rajasthan Hindi Granth

Academy, Jaipur

5. Saha Arun Kumar(2006) Text Book of Soil Physics. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana-141008

6. Somani, L. L. and Totawat, K. L. (1996) Management of Salt Affected soils. Agrotech

Publishing Academy, Udaipur-313002

PPR-221 Insect Pests of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 3(2+1)

Theory:

General – economic classification of insects; ecology and insect-pest management with

reference to fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops; pest surveillance. Distribution, host

range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of important insect pests affecting tropical,

sub-tropical and temperate fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops like coconut, areca

nut, oil palm, cashew, cacao, tea, coffee, cinchona, rubber, betel vine senna, neem, hemp,

belladonna, pyrethrum, camphor, costus, crotalaria, datura, dioscorea, mint, opium, Solanum

khasianum and Tephrosia.. Storage insects – distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury,

73

integrated management of important insect pests attacking stored fruits, plantation, medicinal

and aromatic crops and their processed products. Toxicology – insecticide residue problems in

fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops and their tolerance limits.

Practical:

Study of symptoms of damage, collection, identification, preservation, assessment of

damage and population of important insect – pests affecting fruits, plantation, medicinal and

aromatic crops in field and storage



Date

1. General — economic classification of insects; ecology and pest surveillance with

reference to fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops

2. IPM :Definition and concept : Definition and terminology of entomological

words and causes for insect assuming pests status

3. Polyphagous pests and their management of fruit, plantation, medicinal and

aromatic crops

4. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-

pest of Banana


pest of Grape


pest of Citrus


pest of Mango


pest of Guava


pest of Sapota& papaya


pest of jack fruit & pineapple


pest of pomegranate and ber


pest of apple


pest of pear, peach & plum


pest of almond & walnut


pest of strawberry


pest of areca nut


pest of coconut & oil palm


pest of tea


74

pest of coffee & cocoa


pest of cashew rubber


pest of betel vine &senna


pest of neem


pest of belladonna & hemp,


pest of camphor & pyrethrum


pest of crotalaria &costus


pest of dioscorea&datura


pest of mint & opium


pest of Solanumkhasianum and Tephrosia

29. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, management of important insect

pests attacking stored product of fruit and plantation crops


pests attacking stored product of medicinal and aromatic crops

31. Find out tolerance limits of insecticide in fruit crops

32. Find out tolerance limits limit of insecticide in plantation, medicinal and aromatic

crops



Date

1. Collection, Identification and preservation of important insect-pests of

fruit crops


Plantation crops

3. Collection, Identification and preservation of important insect-pests

medicinal & aromatic crops

4. Collection & study of damage symptoms caused by insect-pests of fruit

crop & plantation crops

5. Collection & study of damage symptoms caused by insect-pests of

medicinal & aromatic crops

6. Study of important predators & parasites of important insect-pests of fruit

crops

7. Study of important predators & parasites of important insect-pests of

plantation crops

8. Study of life cycle of important insect-pests of fruit crops

9. Study of life cycle of important insect-pests of plantation crops

10. Study of life cycle of important insect-pests of medicinal and aromatic

crops

11. Study of damage caused by stored product insect-pests of fruit, plantation,

medicinal and aromatic crops

75

12. Calculation of spray formulations of insecticides solution

13. Calculation of Dust formulations of insecticides

14. Study of spraying and dusting Equipments

SUGGESTED READING


Management,Kalyani Publisher Ludhiana pp616


Jodhpur pp267

3. David V. Alford (2007) Pests of fruit crops A Colour Hand Book. Manson Publishing

house London UK pp461

4. Mathur, Y.K. and K.D. Upadhyay (2005): A Text Book of Entomology (Fifth Edition):

Aman Publishing house, Meerut pp388

5. Panwar,V.P.S.(2006) agriculture insect pest of crops and their control. Kalyani Publisher

Ludhiana pp402

6. Reddy,P.P.,(2009): Insect, mite and Vertebrate pests and their management in

Horticultural Crops. Scientific Publisher pp384

PPR-222 Diseases of Fruits, Plantation and Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 3 (2+1)

Theory:

Etiology, symptoms, mode of spread, epidemiology and integrated management of the

diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops viz mango, banana, grape, citrus,

guava, sapota, papaya, jack fruit, pineapple, pomegranate, ber, apple, pear, peach, plum, almond,

walnut, strawberry, areca nut, coconut, oil palm, coffee, tea, cocoa, cashew, rubber, betel vine

senna, neem, hemp, belladonna, pyrethrum, camphor, costus, crotalaria, datura, dioscorea, mint,

opium, Solanum khasianum and Tephrosia. Important post-harvest diseases of fruit, plantation

and medicinal and aromatic crops and their management.

Practical: Observations of disease symptoms, identification of casual organisms and host parasite

relationship of important diseases. Examination of scrapings and cultures of important pathogens

of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops.



Date

1. Etiology, symptoms, mode of spread, epidemiology and integrated

management of diseases in fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic

plants

2. Diseases of Mango

3. Diseases of Citrus

4. Diseases of Grape

5. Diseases of Banana

6. Diseases of Guava

7. Diseases of Sapota

8. Diseases of papaya

9. Diseases of Jack fruit

76

10. Diseases of pineapple

11. Diseases of pomegranate

12. Diseases of ber

13. Diseases of apple

14. Diseases of pear and peach

15. Diseases of plum

16. Diseases of almond and walnut

17. Diseases of strawberry

18. Diseases of areca nut

19. Diseases of coconut and oil palm

20. Diseases of tea and coffee

21. Diseases of cocoa

22. Diseases of cashew

23. Diseases of rubber

24. Diseases of betel vine and senna

25. Diseases of neem

26. Diseases of belladonna and hemp

27. Diseases of camphor and pyrethrum

28. Diseases of crotalaria and costus

29. Diseases of dioscorea anddatura

30. Diseases of mint and opium

31. Diseases of Solanumkhasianum and Tephrosia

32. Important post—harvest diseases of fruit, plantation and medicinal and

aromatic plants and their management



Date

1. Diseases caused by Pythium and Phytophthorainfruits, plantation,

medicinal and aromatic plants

2. Diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and plants caused by downy and

Powdery mildew fungi

3. Rust and scab disease of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic

plants

4. Diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants caused by

Botryodiplodia/Botryotis / Capnodium

5. Diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromaticplants caused by

Cercosporaand Mycosphaerella


Colletotrichum


Fusarium


Phoma and Phomopsis

9. Diseases caused by Rhizoctonia infruits, plantation, medicinal and

aromatic plants

10. Diseases of fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants caused by

Pestalotiopsis

77

11. Diseases of fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants caused by

Alternaria, Armillaria, and Pellicularia


Algae, Nematode and Flowering parasite


Bacteria


Virus, Viroids, Phytoplasma

15. Fruit disease controlled by Fungicide

16. Post-harvest diseases of infruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic

plants

SUGGESTED READING

1. Agrios, G.N. 2005. Plant Pathology (5th Edition). Elsevier, Academic Press, New York.

922 p.

2. Mehrotra, R.S. and A. Agarwal. Plant Pathology (2nd Edition). Tata McGraw-Hill

Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. 846 p.

3. Singh, R.S. 2009. Plant Diseases (9th Edition).Oxford and IBH Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 700

p.

4. Rangaswamy, G. and A. Mahadevan. 2008. Diseases of Crop Plants in India (4th

Edition). PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi. 536 p.

5. Singh, R.S. (1984). Diseases of Fruit Crops, Oxfords and IBH Publishing co. Pvt. Ltd.

New Delhi pp 310

6. Tripathi D.P. (2009) Crop Diseases, Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi pp 480

7. Saha, L.R. (2008) Hand Book of Plant Diseases. Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi pp 457

8. T.S. Thind (2005). Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables and Their Management.Kalyani

Publisher, New Delhi pp 474

A. Mishra, A. Bohra and A. Mishra (2005). Plant Pathology: Disease and

Management. AGROBIOS India pp 766

9. Mukerji, K.G. 2004 Fruit and Vegetable Diseases. Kluwer Academic Publisher Dordrecht

pp554

10. Indra, N., Aruna, P., and Ponnuswami, V (2012) Disease Management of horticultural

crops under protected cultivation. Pointer Publisher Jaipur pp180.

BAS-221 Fundamentals of Extension Education 2(1+1)

Theory:

Extension education: meaning, definition, nature, scope, objectives, principles,

approaches and history. Forestry extension: process, principles and selected programmes of

leading national and international forest institutes. People’s participation in forestry programmes.

Motivation of women community, children, youth and voluntary organizations for forestry

78

extension work. Rural Development: meaning, definition, objectives and genesis. Transfer of

technology programmes like lab to land programme (LLP) national demonstration (ND), front

line demonstration (FLD) Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK), Technology Assessment and

Refinement Programme (TARP) etc. of ICAR. Communication: meaning, definition, elements

and selected models. Audio – visual aids: importance, classification and selection.

Programming planning process – meaning, scope, principles and steps. Evaluation: meaning,

importance and methods. Scope and importance of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) & Rapid

Rural Appraisal (RRA). Management and administration: meaning, definition, principles and

functions. Concepts of human resource development (HRD), rural leadership.

Practical:

Visits to study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of ICFRE

institutes/voluntary organizations/Mahila Mandal, Village Panchayat, State Deptt. of Forests/All

India Radio (AIR). Exercises on distortion of message, script writing for farm broadcasts and

telecasts, planning, preparation & use of NPVA like poster, chart, flash cards, folders etc. and

AVA like OHP & 35 mm slide projector transparencies. Identification of local leaders to study

their role in extension work. Evaluation of some selected case studies of forestry extension

programmes. Preparation of Village Agricultural productions plan.



Date

1. Extension education: Meaning, Definition, Nature

2. Extension education: Scope, Objectives, Principles, Approaches, History

3. Forestry extension: Process, Principles, Selected programmes of leading national

and international forest institutes

4. People’s participation in forestry programmes

Motivation of women community, children, youth and voluntary organizations

for forestry extension work

5. Communication: Meaning, Definition, Elements, Selected models

6. Rural development: Meaning, Definition, Objectives, Genesis

7. Transfer of technology programme of ICAR: (All programmes): Lab to land

programme (LLP),National demonstration (ND), Front line demonstration (FLD),

Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Technology Assessment and Refinement

Programme (TARP)

8. Transfer of technology programme of ICAR: (All programmes): Technology

Assessment and Refinement Programme (TARP)

9. Audio – visual aids: Importance, Classification, Selection

10. Programme planning process: Meaning, Scope, Principles, Steps

11. Evaluation: Meaning, Importance, Methods

12. Participatory rural appraisal (PRA): Meaning, Scope. Rapid rural appraisal

(RRA): Meaning, Scope

13. Management and administration: Meaning, Definition, Principles, Function

14. Human resource development (HRD): Concepts

15. Rural leadership



79

Date

1. To study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of Village

panchayat

2. To study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of Krishi

Vigyan Kendra

3. To study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of ICFRE

institutes

4. To study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of Voluntary

organisations

5. To study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of Mahila

mandals

6. To exercise on script writing for farm broadcasts and telecasts

7. To exercise on planning, preparation & use of poster

8. To exercise on planning, preparation & use of chart & flash cards

9. To exercise on planning, preparation & use of AVA like OHP & 35 mm like

projector transparencies

10. Identification of local leaders to study their role in extension work

11. To study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of State

Department of forests/ All India Radio (AIR)

12. To exercise on distortion of message, script writing for farm broadcasts and

telecasts

13. To exercise on planning, preparation & use of folders

14. Evaluation of some selected case studies of forestry extension programmes

15. Preparation of village agricultural productions plan

SUGGESTED READING

1. Dahama, O.P. and Bhatnagar, O.P. 2009. Education and Communication for

Development. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Govind, Santha, Tamilselvi, G. and Menambigai, J. 2011. Extension Education and Rural

Development. AGROBIOS (INDIA) Publisher, Jodhpur.

3. Kumar, B. And Hansra, B.S. 2000. Extension Education for Human Resource

Development. Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi.

4. Ray, G.L. 1981. Extension, Communication and Management. Naya Prokash, Calcutta.

5. Reddy, A.A. 1993. Extension Education. Sree Laxmi Press, Bapatla.

6. Rogers, E.M. 1983. Diffusion of Innovations. The Free Press, New York.

7. Sandhu, A.s. 1993. Textbook on Agricultural Communication: Profess and Mithods.

Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

8. Supe, S.V. 1990. An Introduction to Extension Education. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.

Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

9. Van den Ban, A.W. and Hawkins, H.S. 1998. Agricultural Extension. CBS Publishers &


B.Sc. (Horticulture) Honours, Part III

I Semester

FRS-311 Weed Management in Horticultural Crops 3 (2+1)

Theory:

80

Weeds: Introduction, harmful and beneficial effects, classification, propagation and

dissemination; Weed biology and ecology, crop weed association, crop weed competition and

allelopathy Concepts of weed prevention, control and eradication; Methods of weed control:

physical, cultural, chemical and biological methods. Integrated weed management; Herbicides:

advantages and limitation of herbicide usage in India, Herbicide classification, formulations,

methods of application; Introduction to Adjuvants and their use in herbicides; Introduction to

selectivity of herbicides; Compatibility of herbicides with other agro chemicals; Weed

management in major horticultural crops, shift of weed flora in cropping systems, aquatic and

problematic weeds and their control.

Practical: Identification of weeds; Survey of weeds in orchards and other habitats; Preparation of

herbarium of weeds; Calculations on weed control efficiency and weed index; Herbicide label

information; Computation of herbicide doses; Study of herbicide application equipment and

calibration; Demonstration of methods of herbicide application; Preparation of list of commonly

available herbicides; Study of phytotoxicity symptoms of herbicides in different crops; Biology

of nut sedge, bermuda grass, parthenium and celosia; Economics of weed control practices;

Tours and visits of problem areas.



Date

1. Weeds: Introduction, harmful and beneficial effects


3. Classification of weeds


Classification of weeds

5. Propagation and dissemination of weeds

6. Propagation and dissemination of weeds

7. Weed biology and ecology, crop weed association

8. Weed biology and ecology, crop weed association

9. Crop weed competition and allelopathy

10. Concepts of weed prevention, control and eradication

11. Methods of weed control: physical, cultural, chemical and biological methods






17. Herbicides: advantages and limitation of herbicide usage in India

18. Herbicides: advantages and limitation of herbicide usage in India

19. Herbicide classification, formulations,

20. Herbicide classification, formulations,

21. Methods of application of herbicides

22. Introduction to Adjuvants and their use in herbicides

23. Introduction to Adjuvants and their use in herbicides

24. Introduction to selectivity of herbicides; Compatibility of herbicides with other

agro chemicals

81

25. Introduction to selectivity of herbicides; Compatibility of herbicides with other

agro chemicals

26. Weed management in major horticultural crops

27. Weed management in major horticultural crops

28. Shift of weed flora in cropping systems

29. Shift of weed flora in cropping systems

30. Aquatic and problematic weeds and their control

31. Aquatic and problematic weeds and their control



Date

1. Identification of weeds

2. Survey of weeds in orchards and other habitats

3. Preparation of herbarium of weeds

4. Calculations on weed control efficiency and weed index

5. Herbicide label information

6. Computation of herbicide doses

7. Study of herbicide application equipment and calibration

8. Demonstration of methods of herbicide application

9. Preparation of list of commonly available herbicides

10. Study of phytotoxicity symptoms of herbicides in different crops

11. Biology of nut sedge

12. Biology of bermuda grass

13. Biology of parthenium

14. Biology of parthenium

15. Economics of weed control practices; Tours and visits of problem areas

16. Economics of weed control practices; Tours and visits of problem areas

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Gupta,O.P. (2003) Weed management Principles and practices, Agro-Bios, Jodhpur.

2. Panda, S. C. (2005) Agronomy, Agro-Bios, Jodhpur.

3. Rao,V.S. (2000) Principles of weed science, Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.

4. Saraswat,V.N. Bhan, V.M.and Yaduraju, T.N.(2003) Weed management, ICAR, New

Delhi.

VEG-311 Breeding of Vegetable, Tuber and Spice Crops 3(2+1)

Theory:

Centers of origin, plant bio-diversity and its conservation. Modes of reproduction,

pollination systems and genetics of important vegetable, tuber and spice crops. Self-

incompatibility and male sterility, its classification and application in crop improvement.

82

Principles of breeding of self-pollinated crops- pure line selection, mass selection, heterosis

breeding, hybridization, pedigree method, mass pedigree method, bulk method, modified bulk

method, single seed descent method and back cross method. Polyploidy breeding. Mutation

breeding. Principles of breeding of cross pollinated crops- mass selection, recurrent selection,

heterosis breeding, synthetics and composites. Application of biotechnology in crop

improvement. Crops: Solanaceous vegetables- tomato, brinjal, chilli; cole crops- cauliflower and

cabbage; cucurbits- melons and gourds; bulb crops, root crops, okra, pea, french bean, coriander,

fenugreek.

Practical:

Floral biology and pollination mechanisms in self and cross pollinated vegetables, tuber

crops and spices. Working out phenotypic and genotypic variance, heritability and genetic

advance. Preparation and use of chemical and physical mutagens. Polyploidy breeding and

chromosomal studies. Techniques of F1 hybrid seed production. Maintenance of breeding

records.



Date

1. Centres of origin of vegetable crops

2. Plant bio-diversity and its conservation

3. Modes of reproduction, pollination systems

4. Genetics of important vegetable, tuber and spice crops

5. Self-incompatibility and male sterility, its classification and application in crop

improvement

6.

7.

8. Principles of breeding self and cross-pollinated crops:

9. Pure line and mass selection

10. Heterosis breeding

11.

12. Pedigree method & mass pedigree method

13. Bulk method & Modified bulk method

14. Single seed descent method

15. Back cross method

16. Polyploidy breeding

17. Mutation breeding

18. Mass selection

19. Recurrent selection

20.

21. Synthetics and composites

22. Application of biotechnology in crop improvement

23.

24. Crop improvement of :

25. Solanaceous vegetables- tomato, brinjal, chilli

26.

27.

28. Cole crops-cauliflower and cabbage

29.

83

30. Cucurbits- muskmelon, watermelon, cucumber, bottlegourd and bittergourd

31.

32.

33. Bulb crops-Onion, root crops- radish and carrot

34.

35. Okra, pea, French bean, potato, sweet potato, colocasia, coriander and fenugreek

36.

37.



Date

1. Floral biology and pollination mechanism in self and cross pollinated vegetables

(tomato, brinjal, chilli, okra, onion, watermelon, cucumber, bottle gourd, radish,

pea,frenchbean)

4

2.

3.

4.

5. Floral biology and pollination mechanism in tuber and spice crops(colocasia,

potato, sweet potato, coriander, fenugreek)

2

6.

7. Hybridization and pollination techniques used in vegetables 1

8. Working out phenotypic and genotypic variance, heritability and genetic advance 2

9.

10. Preparation and uses of chemical and physical mutagens 2

11.

12. Polyploidy breeding and chromosomal studies 2

13.

14. Techniques of F1 hybrid seed production 1

15. Maintenance of breeding records 1

SUGGESTED READINGS 1. Allard, R.W. (1960). Principles of Plant Breeding. John Wiley and Sons. Inc., New York.


3. Fageria, M.S., Arya, P.S. and Choudhary, A.K. (2001).Vegetable Crops: Breeding and

Seed Production. Vol. I. Kalyani Publishers.



5. Kallo, G. (1994). Vegetable Breeding Vol 1-3. Panama Educational Book Agency, New

Delhi.

6. Peter, K.V. Genetics and Breeding of Vegetable Crops. ICAR Publications.

7. Rai, M. (2004). Heterosis Breeding of Vegetable Crops. Kalyani Publishers.

8. Ram, H.H. (1997). Vegetable Breeding- Principles and Practices. Kalyani Publishers.

9. Singh, B.D. (2005 Revised). Plant Breeding-Principles and Methods. Kalyani Publishers.

10. Swarup, Vishnu (2006). Vegetable Science and Technology in India. Kalyani Publishers.

PHT-311 Post Harvest Management of Horticultural crops 3(2+1)

Theory:

Importance & scope of post-harvest management of horticultural crops in India. Maturity

indices, harvesting, pre cooling, grading of fruit, vegetables, cut flowers, medicinal and aromatic

plants. Pre-harvest factors affecting quality. Factors responsible for deterioration of horticultural

84

produce. Physiological and bio-chemical changes during ripening. Hastening and delaying

ripening process. Pre & post-harvest treatments of horticultural crops. Quality parameters and

specification. Structure of fruits, vegetables and cut flowers related to physiological changes

after harvest. Different systems of storage including cold storage, CA & MA storage, low cost

cooling structures, etc. Packaging, pre packaging treatments, types of packages, types of

cushioning materials, vacuum packaging, , poly shrink packaging, grape guard packing .

Transportation of fresh horticultural produce.

Practical:

Practice in judging the maturity of various horticultural produce, determination of

physiological loss in weight and quality. Grading of horticultural produce, post-harvest

treatment of horticultural crops, Packaging studies in fruits, vegetables and cut flowers by using

different packaging materials, methods of storage, post-harvest disorders in horticultural

produce. Identification of storage pests and diseases in spices. Visit to markets, packaging

houses and cold storage units.



Date

1. Present scenario of distribution system of perishables in India, losses during

supply chain

2. Importance of strong post-harvest infrastructure of horticultural crops in India

3. Scope for development of post-harvest management infrastucture of horticultural

crops in India

4. Maturity, optimum stage of maturity for different fruits and vegetable crops

5. General maturity indices of fruits and vegetables: Computational, physical,

chemical and physiological methods

6. Harvest indices of fruits like mango, banana, papaya, pineapple, apple, sapota,

guava, citrus, grapes, etc.

7. Harvest indices of vegetables like tomato, brinjal, beans, melons, etc.

8. Pre-harvest factors affecting quality of fruits and vegetables

9. Changes during fruit growth

10. Physiology of transpiration

11. Physiology of respiration

12. Physiology and biochemistry of fruit ripening

13. Ethylene evolution

14. Delaying ripening

15. Artificial ripening of fruits

16. factors responsible for deterioration of horticultural produce

17. Harvesting: methods and tools, Pre-cooling: methods and objectives

18. Sorting and grading of fruits and vegetables

19. pre- treatments like curing, waxing, etc.

20. Pre & post-harvest treatments of horticultural crops

21. Quality parameters and specification. Structure of fruits, vegetables and cut

flowers related to physiological changes after harvest

22. Cold storage: construction and mechanical refrigeration

23. CA storage

24. MA storage

85

25. Zero energy cool chamber: principle and construction

26. Packaging : quality of ideal packaging material

27. Pre- packaging treatments: grape guard etc.

28. Types of packages, pelletization,

29. Cushioning material

30. vacuum packaging, poly shrink packaging

31. Transportation of fresh horticultural produce



Date

1. Analyzing maturity stages of fruits: use of refractometer

2. Analyzing maturity stages of fruits: use of tenderometer

3. Maturity determination by specific gravity

4. Maturity determination by starch test

5. Estimation of PLW

6. Effect of packaging and temperature on PLW of fruits and vegetables

7. Practice of harvesting of horticultural produce

8. Practice of manual grading of horticultural produce

9. Practice of packaging in fruits/ vegetables/ flowers

10. To become familiar with working of cold room

11. Construction of ZECC

12. To become acquint with post-harvest disorders in horticultural produce

13. Identification of storage pests and diseases in spices

14. Visit to markets, packaging houses and cold storage units

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. S. Saraswathy, T.L. Preethi, S. Balasubramanyan, J. Suresh, N. Revathy & S. Natarajan.

Post Harvest Management of Horticultural Crops, Agribios (India), Jodhpur.

2. S. K. Mitra. Post Harvest Physiology and storage of tropical and subtropical fruits, CABI

Publishing.

3. A.K. Thompson. Post Harvest Technology of fruits and vegetables, Blackwell Science.

4. Er. B. Pantastico. Post Harvest Physiology, Handling and Utilization of Tropical and

Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, AVI Publishing Company, Inc.

5. R.B.H. Wills, W.B. McGlasson, D. Graham, T.H. Lee and E.G. Hall. Post Harvest: An

Introduction to the Physiology and Handling of Fruits and vegetables, CBS Publishers

and Distributors, New Delhi.

PPR-311 Nematode Pests of Horticultural Crops and Their Management 2(1+1)

Theory:

History of development of nematology - definition, economic importance. General

characters of plant parasitic nematodes, their morphology, taxonomy, classification, biology,

86

symptomatology and control of important plant parasitic nematodes of fruits – (tropical, sub-

tropical and temperate) vegetables, tuber, ornamental, spice and plantation crops. Role of

nematodes in plant disease complex.

Practical: Methods of sampling and extraction of nematodes from soil and plant parts, killing,

fixing and preparation of temporary and permanent nematode mounts. Nematicides and their

use. Collection and preservation of 20 plant species/parts damaged by plant parasitic nematodes.



Date

1. History and Development of Nematology

2. Economic Importance of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

3. General Characters of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

4. General Morphology (I)

5. General Morphology (II)

6. General Morphology (III)

7. Biology of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

8. Symptomatology (I)

9. Symptomatology (II)

10. Nematode Pests of Vegetable Crops and their Management (I)

11. Nematode Pests of Vegetable Crops and their Management (II)

12. Nematode Pests of Tuber Crops and their Management

13. Nematode Pests of Fruit Crops and their Management (I)

14. Nematode Pests of Fruit Crops and their Management (II)

15. Nematode Pests of Ornamental plants and their Management

16. Nematode Pests of Spice and Plantation Crops and their Management

17. Role of Nematodes in Plant Disease Complexes



Date

1. Survey and surveillance

2. Collection of Soil and Root Samples

3. Extraction of Nematodes from Soil Samples

4. Extraction of Nematode from Plant Material

5. Handling and Use of Microscopes

6. Counting and Picking of Nematodes

7. Preparation of Fixatives and their Recipes/Compositions

8. Preparation of Temporary and Permanent Mounts

9. Morphology of a Typical Plant Parasitic Nematode

10. To Study the Symptoms Produced by Nematodes

11. Collection and Preservation of Nematode infested plant specimens

12. Nematicides and their Application



















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87

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Bajaj, H.K., Kanwar, R.S. and Gupta, D.C. (2011).Handbook of Practical Nematology.

Scientific Publisher, Jodhpur pp150

2. Bohra, A., and Anamika (2012).Plant Nematology:A Fundamental Approach. Agrobios

Jodhpur.pp286.

3. Manjunath, B., and Srinivas, N., Plant Nematology at a Glance New Vishal Publication

New Delhi pp264

4. Reddy, P.P. 2007 Integrated Nematode Management in Horticultural Crops.Scientific

Publisher, Jodhpur pp300

5. Reddy, P.P. 2008 Disease of Horticultural Crops: Nematode Problem and their

Management.Scientific Publisher, Jodhpur pp379.

6. Upadhya, K.D. And Diwedi, K(2008)A Text Book of Plant Nematology. Aman

Publishing House, Meerut

7. Wallia, R.K. And Bajaj, H.K.(2013)Text Book on Introductory Plant Nematology. ICAR,

New Delhi pp227.

PPR-312 Diseases of Vegetable, Ornamental and Spice Crops 3 (2+1)

Theory:

Etiology, symptoms, mode of spread, epidemiology and integrated management of

diseases of the following vegetables, ornamental and spice crops: tomato, brinjal, chilli, bhindi,

cabbage, cauliflower, radish, knol-khol, pea, beans, beet root, onion, garlic, fenugreek, ginger,

potato, turmeric, pepper, cumin, cardamom, nutmeg, coriander, clove, cinnamon, jasmine, rose,

crossandra, tuberose, geranium. Important post-harvest diseases of vegetables and ornamental

crops and their management.

Practical: Observations of symptoms, causal organisms and host parasitic relationship of important

diseases, examination of cultures of important pathogens of vegetables, ornamental and spice

crops.



Date

1. Nursery diseases of tomato and other vegetables

2. Fungal diseases of tomato

3. Bacterial and viral diseases of tomato

4. Diseases of brinjal

5. Bell pepper and chillies

6. Diseases of bhindi/ladyfinger/okra

7. Fungal diseases of cabbage, cauliflower, radish and knol-khol-I

8. Fungal diseases of cabbage, cauliflower, radish and knol-khol-II

9. Bacterial and viral diseases of cabbage, cauliflower, radish and knol-khol

10. Diseases of pea

11. Diseases of beans












88

12. Diseases of beetroot

13. Diseases of onion and garlic

14. Diseases of cucurbits

15. Diseases of ginger and turmeric

16. Diseases of potato - I

17. Diseases of potato - II

18. Diseases of potato - III

19. Diseases of cumin

20. Diseases of pepper

21. Diseases of small cardamom

22. Diseases of large cardamom and nutmeg

23. Diseases of coriander

24. Diseases of clove, cinnamon and fenugreek

25. Diseases of rose -I

26. Diseases of rose - II

27. Diseases of jasmine

28. Diseases of crossandra

29. Diseases of tuberose

30. Diseases of geranium - I

31. Diseases of geranium - II

32. Post-harvest diseases of vegetables, ornamentals and spice crops



Date

1. Diseases caused by Pythium spp.

2. Diseases caused by Phytophthora spp.

3. Diseases caused by downy mildew and white rust fungi

4. Diseases caused by powdery mildew fungi

5. Diseases caused by Alternaria spp.

6. Leaf spot diseases caused by septoria/ phaeoisariopsis/ cercospora/ phomopsis

spp.

7. Diseases caused by rust fungi

8. Diseases caused by rust fungi in ornamentals

9. Diseases caused by Fusariumspp

10. Diseases caused by sclerotia forming fungi

11. Diseases caused by Colletotrichumspp

12. To perform gram’s staining

13. Diseases caused by bacteria

14. Symptoms of plant virus diseases

15. Fungicides and their application

16. Post-harvest diseases

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Mishra, A. Bohra and A. Mishra (2005). Plant Pathology: Disease and Management.

AGROBIOS India pp 766







































89

2. Agrios, G.N. 2005. Plant Pathology (5th Edition). Elsevier, Academic Press, New York.

922 p.

3. Mehrotra, R.S. and A. Agarwal. Plant Pathology (2nd Edition). Tata McGraw-Hill

Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. 846 p.

4. Mukerji, K.G. 2004 Fruit and Vegetable Diseases. Kluwer Academic Publisher Dordrecht

pp554

5. Rangaswamy, G. and A. Mahadevan. 2008. Diseases of Crop Plants in India (4th

Edition). PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi. 536 p.

6. Saha, L.R. (2008) Hand Book of Plant Diseases. Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi pp 457

7. Singh, R.S. (1984). Diseases of Vegetable Crops, Oxfords and IBH Publishing co. Pvt.

Ltd. New Delhi pp 362

8. Singh, R.S. 2009. Plant Diseases (9th Edition).Oxford and IBH Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 700

p.

9. T.S. Thind (2005). Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables and Their Management.Kalyani

Publisher, New Delhi pp 474

10. Tripathi D.P. (2009) Crop Diseases, Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi pp 480

PPR-313 Mushroom Culture 1(0+1)

Practical:

Introduction to mushrooms fungi – nutritional value, edible and poisonous types, edible

mushrooms, Pleurotus, Volvariella and Agaricus, medicinal value of mushrooms, genetic

improvement of mushroom, preparation of culture, mother spawn production, multiplication of

spawn, cultivation techniques, harvesting, packing and storage; problems in cultivation –

diseases, pest and nematodes – weed moulds and their management strategies. Economics of

cultivation, post harvest technologies.

Equipment and sterilization techniques for culture media, isolation of mother culture, and span

preparation and maintenance of mushroom beds of oyster mushroom, Volvariella and Agaricus.

Processing and preservations of mushrooms, economics of spawn and mushroom production and

mushroom recipes



Date

1. Introduction to Mushrooms

2. Collection & Identification of Mushrooms

3. Mushroom Spawn Production

4. Genetic Improvement of Mushrooms

5. Cultivation technique of button Mushrooms - I

6. Cultivation technique of button Mushrooms - II

7. Cultivation Technology Oyster Mushrooms

8. Cultivation Technology of Paddy Straw Mushroom

9. Cultivation Technology of Milky Mushroom

10. Post-Harvest Technology- Preservation of Mushrooms

11. Acquaintance with infrastructure, equipments and machineries required in the
















90

mushroom cultivation process

12. Problems in Mushroom cultivation - I

13. Problems in Mushroom cultivation - II

14. Nutritional value of mushrooms and the mushroom recipe

15. Medicinal mushrooms and their use in industries

16. Project cost - analysis for mushroom cultivation

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Dey, S.C. (2010) Mushroom Growing. AGROBIOS India pp91

2. Gerrit J.Keizer 1998.The Complete encyclopedia of Mushrooms. REBO Publisher pp 286

3. Jean Louis Lamaison and Jean Marie Polese 2005 The great encyclopedia of

Mushrooms.Konemman pp240

4. Ram Dutta (2007). Advances in Mushroom Science.Satish Serial Publishing House.

Delhi pp210

5. Reeti Singh and Singh U.C. 2011 Modern Mushroom cultivation. . AGROBIOS India pp

229

6. Sharma,V.P. and Suman,B.C. 2006 Diseases and pest of mushroom. AGROBIOS India

pp 212

NRM-311 Farm Power and Machinery 2 (1+1)

Theory:

Basic concepts of various forms of energy, unit and dimensions of force, energy and

power, calculations with realistic examples. IC Engines: Basic principles of operation of

compression, ignition and spark ignition engines, two stroke and four stroke engines, cooling and

lubrication system, power transmission system, broad understanding of performance and

efficiency, tractors, power tillers and their types and uses. Electric motors: types, construction

and performance comparison. Tillage: objectives, Primary tillage implements: construction and

function of indigenous ploughs, improved indigenous ploughs, mould board ploughs, disc and

rotary ploughs. Secondary tillage implements: construction and function of tillers, harrows,

levelers, ridgers and bund formers. Sowing and transplanting equipment: seed drills, potato

planters, seedling transplanter. Grafting, pruning and training tools and equipment. Inter-culture

equipment: sweep. Junior hoe, weeders, long handle weeders. Crop harvesting equipments:

potato diggers, fruit pluckers, tapioca puller and hoists.

Practical:

Calculation on force, power and energy. IC engines – showing the components of

dismantled engines and motors. Primary and secondary tillage implements, hitching,

adjustments and operations. Spraying equipment, calibration and operation. Plant protection

equipment, calculation of dilution ratio and operation.

Lecture schedule: Theory







91

Date

1. Explanation of whole course content in brief

2. Basic concepts of various forms of energy, unit and dimensions of force,

energy and power

3. Basic principles of operation of compression ignition and spark ignition

engines,

4. Basic principles of operation of two stroke and four stroke engines

5. Measurement of drawbar power

6. calculations with realistic solved examples

7. Cooling system

8. lubrication system

9. power transmission system,

10. Fuel supply system

11. performance and efficiency, tractors, power tillers and their types and uses

12. Electric motors: types, construction and performance comparison.

13. Tillage: objectives, method of ploughing. Primary tillage implements:

construction and function

14. Secondary tillage implements: construction and function

15. Sowing and transplanting equipment

16. Grafting, pruning and training tools and equipment

17. Inter-culture equipment, Crop harvesting equipments

Lecture schedule: Practical


Date 1. Calculations with realistic unsolved examples based on force, energy and farm

power

2. Gupta & Mahindra Agency visit for showing the components of dismantled

engines & motors and different systems in tractor

3. Showing the components of primary and secondary tillage implements on college

farm

4. Tractor driving,

5. Hitching, adjustments and operations of primary tillage equipments with tractor

6. Hitching, adjustments and operations of secondary tillage equipments with tractor

7. Spraying equipment, calibration and operation.

8. Plant protection equipment, calculation of dilution ratio and operation.

9. Calculations with realistic unsolved examples based on draft, side draft, area

coverage by primary tillage equipments

10. Calculations with realistic unsolved examples based on draft, side draft, area

coverage by Secondary tillage equipments

11. Calibration of seed cum fertilizer seed drill on farm

12. Showing a video of assembling different parts of a tractor

SUGGESTED READINGS:

92

1. Michael, A. M. and Ojha, T. P. (2006) Principles of Agricultural Engineering Vol-I. Jain

Brothers, New Delhi.

2. Sahay Jagdishwar (2008) Elements of Agricultural Engineering. Standard Publisher &


NRM-315 Introduction to Major Field Crops 2 (1+1)

Theory: Classification and distribution of field crops, definitions and concept of multiple

cropping, mixed cropping, intercropping, relay and alley cropping, cultural practices for raising

major cereals, pulses, oil seeds and fodder crops, green manuring, crop rotation.

Practical:

Identification of crop plants, seeds and weeds. Preparation of cropping scheme.

Application of herbicides in different field crops, Computation of seed rate for different crops.



Date

1. Classification and distribution of field crops

2. Definitions and concept of multiple cropping, mixed cropping, intercropping,

relay and alley cropping.

3. Cultural practices for raising of Rice

4. Cultural practices for raising of Wheat

5. Cultural practices for raising of Maize

6. Cultural practices for raising of Sorghum

7. Cultural practices for raising of Soybean

8. Cultural practices for raising of Bengal gram

9. Cultural practices for raising of Red gram

10. Cultural practices for raising of Ground nut

11. Cultural practices for raising of Rape seed and Mustard

12. Cultural practices for raising of Sunflower

13. Cultural practices for raising of Fodder crops

14. Green Manuring

15. crop rotation



Date

1. Identification of Kharif crop plants

2. Identification of Rabi crop plants

3. Identification of kharif crop seeds

4. Identification of Rabi crop seeds

5. Identification of kharif weeds

6. Identification of Rabi weeds

93

7. Preparation of cropping scheme

8. Preparation of cropping scheme

9. Application of herbicides in different field crops (PPI)

10. Application of herbicides in different field crops (Pre Emergence)

11. Application of herbicides in different field crops (Post Emergence)

12. Computation of seed rate for different crops (Cereals)

13. Computation of seed rate for different crops (Pulses)

14. Computation of seed rate for different crops (Tubers)

15. Computation of seed rate for different crops (Sugarcane)

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Hand Book of Agriculture, ICAR Publication, New Delhi

2. Panda, S. C. (2005) Agronomy. Agrobios (India), Jodhpur-342003

3. Prasad Rajendra (2006) Text Book of Field Crop Production. ICAR Publication, New

Delhi

4. Singh, S. S.; Gupta, P. and Gupta, A. K. (2004) Hand Book of Agricultural Sciences.

Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana-141008

SILV-311 Introductory Agroforestry 2 (1+1)

Theory: Agroforestry – definition, objectives and potential. Distinction between agroforestry and

social forestry. Status of Indian forests and role in India farming systems. Agroforestry system,

sub-system and practice: agri-silviculture, silvipastoral, horti-silviculture, horti-silvipastoral,

shifting cultivation, taungya, home gardens, alley cropping, Trees outside forests (TOFs), wind

breaks, shelterbelts and energy plantations and biofuels. Planning for agroforestry – constraints,

diagnosis and design methodology, selection of tree crop species for agro-forestry. Agroforestry

projects – national, overseas, MPTS – their management practices, economics of cultivation –

nursery and planting Local sps Acacia nilotica, Dalbergia sissoo, Tectona grandis, Populus

deltoides, Prosopis cineraria, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Leuceana leucocephala, Ailanthus

excelsa, Butea monosperma, Azadirachta indica and Dendorcalamus strictus

Practical:

Collection and identification of seeds and seedlings of multipurpose tree species.

Nursery practices for A, nilotica, Sissoo, Teak, ,Prosopis cineraria, Eucalyptus, Subabul,

Ailanthus, Butea, Neem, Bamboo. Visit to agroforestry fileds for understanding tree crop

interactions: silvipastoral, alley cropping, horti-silviculture, agro-silvipasture, fuel and fodder

blocks. Visit to social forestry plantations – railway line plantations, canal plantations, roadside

plantations, industrial plantations and shelterbelts. Rapid assessment of choice of tree species by

farmers for green manure, fodder, fuel wood in a village. Economics and marketing of products

raised in agro-forestry systems.


94


Date

1. Agroforestry – definition, objectives and potential.

2. Distinction between agroforestry and social forestry. Status of Indian forests and

role in India farming systems.

3.

4. Agroforestry system, sub-system and practice: agri-silviculture, silvipastoral,

horti-silviculture, horti-silvipastoral, shifting cultivation, taungya, home gardens,

alley cropping, Trees outside forests (TOFs), wind breaks, shelterbelts and energy

plantations and biofuels.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11. Planning for agroforestry – constraints, diagnosis and design methodology

12.

13. selection of tree crop species for agro-forestry. Agroforestry projects – national,

overseas,

14.

15. MPTS – their management practices

16.

17. Economics of cultivation – nursery and planting Local sps Acacia nilotica,

Dalbergia sissoo, Tectona grandis, Populus deltoides, Prosopis cineraria,

Eucalyptus tereticornis, Leuceana leucocephala, Ailanthus excelsa, Butea

monosperma, Azadirachta indica and Dendorcalamus strictus

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.



date

1. Collection and identification of seeds and seedlings of multipurpose tree species

2.

3. Nursery practices for A, nilotica, Sissoo, Teak, ,Prosopis cineraria, Eucalyptus,

Subabul, Ailanthus, Butea, Neem, Bamboo.

4.

5.

6. Visit to agroforestry fileds for understanding tree crop interactions: silvipastoral,

alley cropping, horti-silviculture, agro-silvipasture, fuel and fodder blocks.

7.

8. Visit to social forestry plantations – railway line plantations, canal plantations,

roadside plantations, industrial plantations and shelterbelts.

9.

10. Rapid assessment of choice of tree species by farmers for green manure, fodder,

fuel wood in a village.

11.

12. Economics and marketing of products raised in agro-forestry systems.

SUGGESTED READINGS

95

1. Buck LE, Lassoie, Fernandes ECM 1999. Agroforestry in Sustainable Agri.

Systems,CRC Press.

2. Nair PKR and Latt 1998. Directions in Tropical Agroforestry Research, Kluwer.

3. Nair PKR, Rai MR and Buck LE. 2004. New Vistas in Agroforestry. Kluwer

4. Nair PKR. 1993. An Introduction to Agroforestry. Kluwer Academic Pub.

5. Ong CK and Huxley PK. 1996. Tree Crop Interactions – A Physiological Approach.

ICRAF.

6. Thampan PK. 1993. Trees and Tree Farming. Peekay Tree Crops Development

Foundation.

7. Young A. 1997. Agroforestry for Soil Management. CABI.

B.Sc. (Horticulture) Honours, Part III

II Semester

PPR-321 Apiculture 1(0+1)

Practical:

Importance and history of apiculture, different species of bees, morphology, anatomy,

colony organization and life cycle, bee-keeping equipment, social behaviour, reproduction,

queen rearing, bee pasturage, seasonal management, economics of bee-keeping. Bee enemies,

diseases of bees, role of bees in increasing the productivity of horticultural crops in India

economy, bee products and their uses. Recent trends in apiculture. Acquaintance with honey

bee species, morphology, structural adaptation, biology-castes-bee-keeping equipment, bee

forage plants. Collection and preservation of bee flora, enemies and diseases of bees. Handling

of bee colonies and manipulation for honey production.



Date

1. Introduction to Apiculture: Importance and history

2. Different species of honey bees

3. Morphology and anatomy of honey bee

4. Colony organization and life cycle

5. Social behaviour of honey bees

6. Beekeeping equipment

7. Handling of bee colony and maintenance of apiary record

8. Collection and preservation of bee pasture

9. Seasonal management of honey bee colonies: Spring management

10. Seasonal management of honey bee colonies: Summer, monsoon and

autumn season management

11. Seasonal management of honey bee colonies: Winter management and

migratory beekeeping

12. Miscellaneous management (uniting, dividing, queen management,

supplementary feeding, shifting bee colonies, robbing and absconding)

13. Manipulation for honey production

14. Economics of beekeeping

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96

15. Queen rearing

16. Familiarization with enemies of honey bees and their control

17. Familiarization with diseases of honey bees and their control

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Gatoria, G.S., Gupta, J. K., Thakur, R.K. and Singh, J. 2011. Mass queen bee rearing and

multiplication of honey bee colonies. All India Co-ordinated project on honey bees and

pollinators, ICAR, HAU, Hisar, p70.

2. Graham, J M (1992) The hive and the honey bee. Dadant and Sons, Hamilton, IIIinois.

3. Gupta, J K. 2010.Management in autumn season. In ―OAPI-012 Management of honey

bee colonies; Seasonal and specific management (Block 2), Indira Gandhi National open

university, school of Agriculture, New Delhi, UNIT-IV, pp 34-40, p 105.

4. Gupta, J K. 2010.Management in monsoon season. In ―OAPI-012 Management of honey

bee colonies; Seasonal and specific management (Block 2), Indira Gandhi National open

university, school of Agriculture, New Delhi, UNIT-III, pp 26-33, p 105.

5. Gupta, J K. 2010.Management in summer. In ―OAPI-012 Management of honey bee

colonies; Seasonal and specific management (Block 2), Indira Gandhi National open

university, school of Agriculture, New Delhi, UNIT-II, pp 15-25, p 105.

6. Gupta, J K. 2010.Management in winter. In ―OAPI-012 Management of honey bee

colonies; Seasonal and specific management (Block 2), Indira Gandhi National open

university, school of Agriculture, New Delhi, UNIT-V, pp 41-50, p 105.

7. Gupta, J K. 2010.Spring management of honey bee colonies. In ―OAPI-012 Management

of honey bee colonies; Seasonal and specific management (Block 2), Indira Gandhi

National open university, school of Agriculture, New Delhi, UNIT-I, pp 5-14, p 105.

8. Gupta, J.K., Sharma, H K and Thakur, R K. 2009. Practical Manual on Beekeeping.

Department of Entomology and Apiculture, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture

and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, p 83.

9. Mishra R.C. (1995) Honey bees and their management in India. ICAR Publication, New

Delhi.

10. Singh, S. (1971) Beekeeping in India, ICAR publication.

PPR-322 Insect Pests of Vegetable, Ornamental and Spice Crops 3 (2+1)

Theory: Economic importance of insects in vegetable, ornamental and spice crops -ecology and

pest management with reference to these crops. Pest surveillance in important vegetable,

ornamental and spice crops. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management

of important insect-pests affecting vegetable, ornamental and spice crops. Important storage

insect-pests of vegetable, ornamental and spice crops, their host range, bio-ecology, injury and

integrated management. Insect –pests of processed vegetables and ornamental crops, their host

range, bio-ecology, injury and integrated management. Insecticidal residue problems in

vegetables and ornamental crops, tolerance limits etc.

Practical:




97

Study of symptoms, damage, collection, identification, preservation, assessment of

damage/population of important insect-pests affecting vegetable, ornamental and spice crops in

field and during storage.



Date

1. General — economic classification of insects; ecology and pest surveillance with

reference to vegetable, ornamental and spice crops

2. IPM : Definition and concept

3. Definition and terminology of entomological words and causes for insect

assuming pests status

4. Polyphagous pests and their management of vegetable, ornamental and spice

crops


pest of tomato


pest of brinjal


pest of okra


pest of cucurbits


pest of cole crops


pest of potato


pest of sweet potato


pest of onion and garlic


pest of pea


pest of cardamom and Large cardamom


pest of chilli and black paper


pest of black paper


pest of turmeric and ginger


pest of coriander and cumin


pest of fennel and fenugreek


pest of clove


pest of rose


98

pest of tuberose


pest of jasmine


pest of marigold and hollyhock


pest of chrysanthemum


pest of lily


pest of carnation


pest of gladiolus


pests attacking stored product of vegetable crops


pests attacking stored product of ornamental and spice crops

31. Find out tolerance limits of insecticide in vegetable crops

32. Find out tolerance limits limit of insecticide in ornamental crops

33. Find out tolerance limits limit of insecticide in spice crops



Date

1. Collection, Identification and preservation of important insect-pests of vegetable

crops


ornamental crops

3. Collection, Identification and preservation of important insect-pests spice crops

4. Collection & study of damage symptoms caused by insect-pests of vegetable

crops

5. Collection & study of damage symptoms caused by insect-pests of ornamental

and spice crops

6. Study of important predators & parasites of important insect-pests of vegetable

crops

7. Study of important predators & parasites of important insect-pests of ornamental

& spice crops

8. Study of life cycle of important insect-pests of vegetable crops

9. Study of life cycle of important insect-pests of ornamental crops

10. Study of life cycle of important insect-pests of crops spice

11. Study of damage caused by stored product insect-pests of vegetable, ornamental

& spice crops

12. Calculation of spray formulations of insecticides solution

13. Calculation of Dust formulations of insecticides

14. Study of spraying and dusting Equipment’s

15. Collection, Identification and preservation of important insect-pests of vegetable

crops

99

SUGGESTED READINGS


Management, Kalyani Publisher Ludhiana pp616


Jodhpur pp267

3. Mathur, Y.K. and K.D. Upadhyay (2005): A Text Book of Entomology (Fifth Edition):

Aman Publishing house, Meerut pp388

4. Panwar,V.P.S.(200) Agriculture insect pest of crops and their control. Kalyani Publisher

Ludhiana pp402

5. Ramesh, P., (1994) Pest of floriculture crops and their control.Kalyani Publisher

Ludhiana pp205.

6. Reddy, P. P. (2009): Insect, mite and Vertebrate pests and their management in

Horticultural Crops. Scientific Publisher pp384

7. Singh G., Sema, A.,AlemlaAo, M.daiho, L., Banik, S., Shitiri, M., 2012 Insect Pests and

Disease Management of Important Horticultural crops.Westville Publishing House. New

Delhi pp63

FRS-321 Breeding of Fruit and Plantation Crops 3(2+1)

Theory:

Fruit breeding - History, importance in fruit production, distribution, domestication and

adaptation of commercially important fruits, variability for economic traits, breeding strategies,

clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement – ploidy

manipulations – in vitro breeding tools for important fruits and plantation crops.

Practical:

Exercises on floral biology, pollen viability; emasculation and pollination procedures;

hybrid seed germination; raising and evaluation of segregating populations; use of mutagens to

induce mutations and polyploidy.



Dates

1. Fruit breeding - History

2. Importance of fruit breeeding in fruit production

Distribution, domestication and adaptation of commercially important

fruits, variability for economic traits, breeding strategies, clonal selection,

bud mutations, mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement –

ploidy manipulations – in vitro breeding tools for important fruits and

plantation crops.

3. Mango- Distribution, domestication and adaptation

4. Mango- variability for economic traits

5. Mango- breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis

and its application in crop improvement

6. Banana - Distribution, domestication and adaptation

7. Banana - variability for economic traits, breeding strategies, clonal

100

selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its application in crop

improvement

8. Citrus- breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis

and its application in crop improvement

9. Citrus- variability for economic traits, breeding strategies, clonal selection,

bud mutations, mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement

10. Guava- breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis

and its application in crop improvement, variability for economic traits,

breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its

application in crop improvement

11. Papaya-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis




12. Pineapple-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations,

mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement, variability for

economic traits, breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations,

mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement

13. Grape-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis




14 Litchi-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis




15. Ber-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and

its application in crop improvement, variability for economic traits,



16. Aonla -breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis




17. Pomegranate -breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations,




18. Datepalm -breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations,




19. Apple-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis




101

20. Pear-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and




21. Peach-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis




22. Plum-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and




23. Coconut -breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis




24. Cashewnut-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations,




25. Arecanut -breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations,




26. Oil palm=breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis




27. Rubber-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis




28. Ploidy manipulations – in vitro breeding tools for important fruits and

plantation crops.



Date

1 Exercises on floral biology of citrus,

2. Exercises on floral biology of guava

3. Exercises on floral biology of pomegranate,

4. Exercises on floral biology of papaya

5. Exercises on floral biology of mango

6. Study on pollen viability of citrus, guava, pomegranate, papaya, mango

7. Emasculation and pollination procedures in citrus, guava, pomegranate

8. Hybrid seed germination

102

9. Raising and evaluation of segregating populations

10. Use of mutagens to induce mutations

11. Exercise on polyploidy

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Bose T.K, Mitra S.K & Sanyal, D. (2002.) Fruits of India – Tropical and Sub-tropical.

3rd Ed. Vols. I, II. Naya Udyog, Kolkata

2. Chadha K.L. & Pareek O.P. (1996) Advances in Horticulture. Vol. I. Malhotra Publ.

House, New Delhi.

3. Chadha K.L. & Shikhamany S.D. (1999). The Grape: Improvement, Production and

Post-Harvest Management. Malhotra Publ. House, New Delhi.

4. Janick J & Moore J.N.(1996) Fruit Breeding. Vols.I-III. John Wiley & Sons.

5. Nijjar G.S.. (1977) Fruit Breeding in India. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi

6. Radha, T. & Mathew, L. (2007). Fruit Crops. New India Publ. Agency, New Delhi.

7. Shukla, Anil Kumar, Shukla, Arun Kumar and Vashishtha, B.B.(2004) Fruit

breeding approaches and achievements, IBDC, Lucknow.

8. Singh S., Shivankar, V.J., Srivastava A.K. & Singh I.P. (2004) Advances in

Citriculture. Jagmander Book Agency.

VEG-321 Seed Production of Vegetable, Tuber and Spice Crops 3(2+1)

Theory:

Introduction and history of seed industry in India. Definition of seed and its importance.

Differences between grain and seed. Importance and scope of vegetable seed production in

India. Principles of vegetable seed production. Role of temperature, humidity and light in

vegetable seed production. Methods of seed production of cole crops, root vegetables,

solanaceous vegetables, cucurbits, leafy vegetables, bulb crops, leguminous vegetables and

exotic vegetables. Seed germination and purity analysis. Field and seed standards. Seed drying

and extraction. Seed legislation.

Practical:

Study of seed structure, colour, size, shape and texture. Field inspection of seed crops.

Practices in rouging. Harvesting and seed extraction. Germination and purity testing. Methods of

seed production in cole crops, root vegetables, bulb crops, solanaceous vegetables, cucurbits,

leafy vegetables, leguminous vegetables and exotic vegetables. Seed processing machine and

packaging. Visit to seed production units.



Date

1. History (pre &post independence history )of seed in india

2. Importance,area,production, of seed in india

3. Definition and difference between seed and grain

4. Principles of seed production (genetic and agronomic )

5. Characteristics of a good quality seeds&factors responsible for detioraration of

seed

6. Role of temperature,light,humidity,wind and rainfall in vegetable seed production

103

7. Methods of seed production (in situ and replanting)and its merits and demerits

8. Classes of seeds (breeder ,nucleous, foundation ,registered and certified seed )

9. Seed production of cabbage

10. Seed production of cauliflower

11. Seed production of knoll khol,broccoli and brussell’s sprout

12. Seed production of root crops(radish and carrot)

13. Seed production of turnip and beet root

14. Seed production of tomato and brinjal

15. Seed production of chlli and capsicum

16. Seed production ofwater melon and musk melon

17. Seed production of bottle gourd and bitter gourd

18. Seed production of ridge gourd and sponge gourd

19. Seed production of pumpkin and round melon

20. Seed production of leafy vegetables

21. Seed production of pea and cowpea

22. Seed production of snap bean and sem

23. Seed production of exotic vegetables

24. Seed sampling main objectives, and its analysis

25. Physical purity analysis

26. Seed germination test and different methods

27. Field and seed standards of different crops

28. Seed viability tests

29. Different methods of seed drying

30. Seed extraction and different methods

31. Seed legislation

32. New seed policies



Date

1. Study of seed structure (dicot and monocot)

2. To study seed colour, size shape and texture

3. To study field inspection of seed crops

4. Practice of rouging in seed crops

5. To study Harvesting and maturing indices of seed crops

6. To study different seed extraction methods of vegetable crops

7. To study the germination of seed crops

8. To study the physical purity o f seed crops

9. To study the method of seed production in cole crops

10. To study the method of seed production in root crops

11. To study the method of seed production in bulb crops

12. To study the method of seed production in solanaceous crops

13. To study the method of seed production in cucurbits crops

14. To study the method of seed production in leafy vegetables

15. To study different seed processing machines

104

SUGGESTED READINGS 1. Bose TK, Som MG & Kabir J. (Eds.). 2002. Vegetable Crops. Naya Prokash.



3. Rai, N. and Yadav, R.S. (2005). Advances in Vegetable Production. Research Book

Centre, New Delhi.

4. Singh, Nempal, Singh, D.K., Singh, Y.K. and Kumar, Virendra. (2006). Vegetable Seed

Production Technology. IBD Publications.

5. Arya, P.S. Vegetable Seed Production: Principles. Kalyani Publications.

6. Verma, T.S. and Sharma, S.C. (2000). Producing Seeds of Biennial Vegetables in

Temperate Regions. ICAR, New Delhi.

FLS-321 Breeding and Seed Production of Ornamental Crops 3(2+1)

Theory:

History of improvements of ornamental plants, objectives and techniques in ornamental

plant breeding. Introduction, selection, hybridization, mutation and biotechnological technique

for improvement of ornamental crops (rose, chrysanthemum, gaillardia, tuberose, gladiolus

jasmine, carnation, , dahlia, , bird of paradise, , orchid, Amaryllis, Bougainvillea, hibiscus, and

gerbera). Breeding for disease resistance. Development of promising cultivars of important

ornamentals. Role of heterosis and its exploitation, production of F1 hybrids and utilization of

male sterility, production of open pollinated seed (marigold, china aster, pansy, petunia,

hollyhock, calendula, stock, antirrhinum, statice and portulaca, Kochia). Harvesting processing

and storage of seeds, seed certification.

Practical: Study of floral biology and pollination in important species and cultivars. Techniques of

inducing polyploidy and mutation. Production of pure and hybrid seeds. Harvesting, conditioning

and testing of seeds. Practice in seed production methods.



Date

1. History of improvement of ornamental plants

2. Objectives of ornamental plant breeding

3. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: introduction

4. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: selection- mass and progeny

5. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: pureline selection

6. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: clonal selection

7. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: pedigree selection

8. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: backcross selection

9. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: bulk and SSD method

10. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: hybridization- types

11. Hybrids, synthetic and composite varieties

12. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: mutation breeding

13. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: polyploid breeding

105


SUGGESTED READING

1. Allard, R.W.(1966) Principles of Plant Breeding.Wiley, New York

2. Chadha, K.L.and Bhattacharjee, S.K. (1995) Advances in Horticulture. (Vol-l2)

Ornamental Plants. Malhotra Publishing House, New Delhi-110 064

3. Watts. (1985) Flower and Vegetable Plant Breeding. Grower Books, London

14. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: biotechnological techniques

15. Breeding for disease resistance- pathogenity; vertical & horizontal

resistance

16. Breeding for disease resistance- methods

17. Development of promising cultivars- roses

18. Development of promising cultivars- chrysanthemums

19. Development of promising cultivars- gladiolus

20. Development of promising cultivars- dahlia

21. Development of promising cultivars- orchids

22. Development of promising cultivars- jasmines

23. Development of promising cultivars- tuberose

24. Development of promising cultivars- marigold and other annuals

25. Development of promising cultivars- bougainvillea and hibiscus

26. Heterosis- its role and exploitation in ornamentals

27. Production of F1 hybrids and utilization of male sterility in ornamentals

28. Production of open pollinated seed

29. Harvesting, processing and storage of flower seeds

30. Seed certification


Date

1. Acquaintance with tools and equipments used in plant breeding

2. Study of pollen viability

3. Study of floral biology and pollination in chrysanthemum

4. Study of floral biology and pollination in gladiolus

5. Study of floral biology and pollination in rose

6. Study of floral biology and pollination in marigold

7. Techniques of inducing polyploidy

8. Techniques of inducing mutations

9. Practice in production of hybrid seed

10. Practice in production of pure seed

11. Harvesting and conditioning of flower seed

12. Testing of seed viability

13. Determination of seed moisture content

14. Numerical problem on seed quality testing

15. Numerical problem on inheritance of characters

106

NRM-321 Horti- Business Management 2 (2+0)

Theory:

Farm management - definition, nature, characteristics and scope. Farm management

principles and decision making, production function, technical relationships, cost concepts,

curves and functions – factors, product, relationship – factors relationship, product relationship,

optimum conditions, principles of opportunity cost-equi-marginal returns and comparative

advantages, time value of money, economic of scale, returns to scale, cost of cultivation and

production, break even analysis, decision making under risk and uncertainty. Farming systems

and types. Planning – meaning, steps and methods of planning, types of plan, characteristics of

effective plans. Organizations – forms of business organizations, organizational principles,

division of labour. Unity of command, scalar pattern, job design, span of control responsibility,

power authority and accountability. Direction – guiding, leading, motivating, supervising,

coordination – meaning, types and methods of controlling – evaluation, control systems and

devices. Budgeting as a tool for planning and control. Record keeping as a tool of control.

Functional areas of management – operations management – physical facilities, implementing

the plan, scheduling the work, controlling production in terms of quantity and quality. Materials

management – types of inventories, inventory costs, managing the inventories, economic order

quantity (EOQ). Personnel management – recruitment, selection and training, job specialization.

Marketing management – definitions, planning the marketing programmes, marketing mix and

four P’s. Financial management – financial statements and rations, capital budgeting. Project

management – project preparation evaluation measures.



Date

1. Farm management - definition, nature, characteristics and scope.

2. Farm management principles and decision making.

3. Production function, technical relationships.

4. Cost concepts, curves and functions - factors, product.

5. Relationship — factors relationship, product relationship, optimum

conditions.

6. Principles of opportunity cost-equi-marginal returns and comparative

advantages.

7. Time value of money.

8. Economic of scale, returns to scale.

9. Cost of cultivation and production.

10. Break even analysis, decision making under risk and uncertainty.

11. Farming systems and types.

12. Planning — meaning, steps and methods of planning, Types of plan,

13. Characteristics of effective plans.

14. Organizations — forms of business organizations, organizational

principles, division of labour.

15. Unity of command, scalar pattern, job design, span of control

responsibility.

107

16. Power authority and accountability. Direction-guiding,

17. Leading, motivating, supervising, coordination-meaning

18. Types and methods of controlling-evaluation

19. Control systems and devices

20. Budgeting as a tool for planning and control

21. Record keeping as a tool of control

22. Functional areas of management-operations management-physical

facilities, implementing the plan

23. Scheduling the work, controlling production in terms of quantity and

quality

24. Materials management - types of inventories, inventory costs

25. Managing the inventories, economic order quantity (EOQ).

26. Personnel management — recruitment, selection and training, job

specialization.

27. Marketing management — definitions, planning the marketing

programmes

28. Marketing mix and four P's.

29. Financial management-financial statements and rations, capital

budgeting.

30. Project management-project preparation

31. Evaluation measures.

SUGGESTED READING

1. Basava, K. D. 2007. Micro Economics. Vidhyavahini Prakashan, New Delhi.

2. Bhushan, Y.K. 2008. Fundamentals of Business organization and management. Sultan

Chand & Sons, Educational publishers, New Delhi.

3. Chadha, K.L.;Singh, A.K. and Patel, V.B. 2011. Horticulture to Horti-Business.

Westville Publishing House, New Delhi.

4. Dewett, K. K. and Verma, J.D. 2006. Elementary Economics Theory. S. Chand and

company, New Delhi.

5. Kotler, Philip and Keller, K.L. 2007. Marketing Management. Prantice-Hall of India

Pvt.Ltd.

6. Makchau JP & Malcolm LR. 1986. Economics of Tropical Farm Management.

Cambridge University.

7. Reddy, S.S.; Ram, P.R.; sastry, T.V.N. and Devi, I.B. 2005. Agricultural Economics.

Oxford & IBH publication Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

8. Upton M. 1976. Agricultural Production and Resource Use. Oxford Univ. Press.

BAS-321 Entrepreneurship Development and Communication Skills 2 (1+1)

Theory:

Communication Skills: Structural and functional grammar; meaning and process of

communication, verbal and non-verbal communication; listening and note taking, writing skills,

oral presentation skills; field diary and lab record; indexing, footnote and bibliographic

108

procedures. Reading and comprehension of general and technical articles, précis writing,

summarizing, abstracting; individual and group presentations, impromptu presentation, public

speaking; Group discussion. Organizing seminars and conferences. Entrepreneurship

Development: Assessing overall business environment in the Indian economy. Overview of

Indian social, political and economic systems and their implications for decision making by

individual entrepreneurs. Globalisation and the emerging business / entrepreneurial

environment. Concept of entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial and managerial characteristics;

managing an enterprise; motivation and entrepreneurship development; importance of planning,

monitoring, evaluation and follow up; managing competition; entrepreneurship development

programs; SWOT analysis, Generation, incubation and commercialization of ideas and

innovations. Government schemes and incentives for promotion of entrepreneurship.

Government policy on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) / SSIs. Export and Import Policies

relevant to horticulture sector. Venture capital. Contract farming and joint ventures, public-

private partnerships. Overview of horti inputs industry. Characteristics of Indian horticultural

processing and export industry. Social Responsibility of Business.

Practical:

Listening and note taking, writing skills, oral presentation skills; field diary and lab

record; indexing, footnote and bibliographic procedures. Reading and comprehension of general

and technical articles, précis writing, summarizing, abstracting; individual and group

presentations.



Date

1. Communication skills: Structural and functional grammar, Meaning and process

of communication, Verbal and non-verbal communication,

2. Listening and note taking, Writing skills, Oral presentation skills,

3. Field diary and lab record, Indexing, Footnote and bibliographic procedures,

Reading and comprehension of general and technical articles,

4. Précis writing, Summarizing, Abstracting, Individual and group presentations,

5. Impromptu presentation, Public speaking, Group discussion. Organising seminars

and conferences

6. Entrepreneurship development: Assessing overall business environment in the

Indian economy, Overview of Indian social, political and economic system and

their implications for decision making by individual entrepreneurs, Globalisation

and the emerging business/ entrepreneurial environment,

7. Entrepreneurship development: Concept of entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial and

managerial characteristics, Managing an enterprise

8. Motivation and entrepreneurship development

9. Importance of planning, monitoring, evaluation and follow up

10. Managing competition. Entrepreneurship development programmes

11. SWOT analysis, Generation, incubation and commercialization of ideas and

innovations

12. Government schemes and incentives for promotion of entrepreneurship.

Government policy on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)/SSIs.

13. Export and Import Policies relevant to horticulture sector. Venture capital.

109

Contract farming and joint ventures. Public private partnership

14. Overview of horti inputs industry. Characteristics of Indian horticultural

processing and export industry.

15. Social responsibility of Business



Date

1. Listening skills

2. Not taking skills

3. Writing skills

4. Oral presentation skills

5. Field diary

6. Lab record

7. Indexing,

8. footnote and bibliographic procedures

9. Reading and comprehension of general articles

10. Reading and comprehension of technical articles

11. Precis writing

12. Summarizing

13. Abstracting

14. Indi visual presentation

15. Group presentation

SUGGESTED READING

1. Dahama, O.P. and Bhatnagar, O.P. 2009. Education and Communication for

Development. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Govind, Santha, Tamilselvi, G. and Menambigai, J. 2011. Extension Education and Rural

Development. AGROBIOS (INDIA) Publisher, Jodhpur.

3. Ray, G.L. 1981. Extension, Communication and Management. Naya Prokash, Calcutta.

4. Sandhu, A.s. 1993. Textbook on Agricultural Communication: Profess and Mithods.

Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

5. Supe, S.V. 1990. An Introduction to Extension Education. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.

Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

PHT-321 Processing of Horticultural crops 3(1+2)

Theory:

Importance and scope of fruit and vegetable preservation industry in India, food pipe line, losses

in post-harvest operations, unit operations in food processing. Principles and guidelines for the

establishment of processing units. Principles and methods of preservation. Preservation by heat,

canning and bottling of fruits and vegetables. Methods of preparation of juices, squashes, syrups,

cordials and fermented beverages. Jam, jelly and marmalade. Preservation by sugar and

chemicals, candies, crystallized fruits, preserves chemical preservatives, preservation with salt

and vinegar, pickling, chutneys and sauces, tomato and mushrooms, freezing preservation.

110

Drying & dehydration of fruits & vegetables, spoilage in processed foods, quality control of

processed products, Govt. policy on import and export of processed fruits. Food laws.

Practical:

Equipment used in food processing units. Physico-chemical analysis of fruits and vegetables.

Canning of fruits and vegetables, preparation of squash, RTS, cordial, syrup, jam, jelly,

marmalade, candies, preserves, chutneys, sauces, pickles (hot and sweet). Dehydration of fruits

and vegetables, tomato products, dehydration, refrigeration and freezing, cut out analysis of

processed foods. Visit to processing units.



Date

1. Importance and scope of fruit and vegetable preservation industry in India

2. food pipe line, losses in post-harvest operations

3. unit operations in food processing

4. Principles and guidelines for the establishment of processing units

5. Principles and methods of preservation

6. Preservation by heat

7. Canning process

8. Juice extractions and its clarification

9. Methods of preservation of fruit juice and Preparation of fruit beverages

such as RTS, cordial squash etc.

10. Role of sugar and pectin in processed products, preparation of jam, jelly,

marmalades, preserve, candy, crystallized fruit.

11. Preservation by chemical preservatives

12. preservation with salt and vinegar, pickling, chutneys and sauces

13. Processed products of tomato.

14. freezing preservation.

15. Drying & dehydration of fruits & vegetables

16. spoilage in processed foods

17. Quality control of processed products, Govt. policy on import and export

of processed fruits. Food laws.



Date

1. To become acquint with processing machines and equipments in the processing

unit.

2. Estimation of TSS of fruits/ vegetables

3. Estimation of acidity of fruits/ vegetables

4. Estimation of ascorbic acid content of fruits/ vegetables

5. Extraction of juice/ pulp from seasonal fruit and its preservation.

6. Calculation of ingredients for processed products

7. Preparation of orange squash

111

8. Preparation of lime squash

9. Preparation of guava based RTS

10. Preparation of lime juice cordial

11. Preparation of apple jam

12. Preparation of papaya jam

13. Preparation of guava jelly

14. Preparation of aonla candies

15. Preparation of tomato chutneys

16. Preparation of fermented pickles of radish

17. Preparation of garlic pickle in vinegar

18. Preservation of onions in vinegar

19. Solar drying of leafy vegetables (methi)

20. Freezing of peas

21. Preparation of tomato ketchup

22. Preparation of salsa sauce of bell paper/ capsicum

23. Preparation of aonla jam

24. Preparation of grape wine

25. Osmotic dehydartion of grapes

26. Visit to processing units

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. R.P. Srivastava & Sanjeev Kumar. Fruit & Vegetable Preservation: Principles and

Practices, 3rd

Edition, International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow.

2. Girdhari Lal, G.S. Siddappaa and G.L. Tandon. Preservation of fruits & vegetables,

ICAR, New Delhi.

3. Manoranjan Kalia & Sangita Sood. Food Preservation and Processing, Kalyani

Publishers, Ludhiana.

4. Cruess, W.V. Commercial fruit and vegetable products. Mc Graw Hill Book Co. Inc,

New York.

PROFESSIONAL PACKAGES (For VII & VIII Semester)

Protected Cultivation of High Value Horticultural Crops

S. No. Activity

1. Visit to commercial polyhouses, Project preparation and planning. Specialised lectures

by commercial export house

2. Study of designs of greenhouse structures for cultivation of crops

3. Land preparation and soil treatment

4. Planting and production:

i. Cultural management including soil/media management in poly houses

ii. Fertigation and irrigation management

iii. Integrated Pest Management

iv. Harvesting and post harvest management; certification and

distribution

v. Cost of production

112

5. Visit to export houses; market intelligence; marketing of produce; cost analysis;

institutional management

6. Report writing and viva-voce

Duration = 14 weeks

Nursery Production and Management

S. No. Activity

1. Project preparation

2. Nursery registration, methodology and certification

3. Establishment and management of plant propagating structures

4. Establishment of progeny blocks, identification of mother plants and maintenance of

bud wood bank

5. Procurement of inputs (pots, polythene, FYM etc.)

6. Techniques and environ management for large scale production

7. Packaging and selling of plant material

8. Working out economics

Duration: 14 weeks

Post Harvest Technology and Value-Addition

S. No. Activity

1. Design and project formulation

2. Design and lay out of pilot plant, cold store, grading – packing line, cool chain

3. Pre harvest practices to extend shelf life.

4. Quality standards of fruits and vegetables for processing

5. Procurement of raw material, inventory control

6. Post harvest handling; grading; packaging; cool chain transportation and storage of

fresh produce

7. Processing (juice/pulp extraction, concentration, product preparation; dehydration;

waste management; In-plant quality control)

8. Packaging (bottling, corking, sealing, labelling, aseptic packaging, storage)

9. Quality laboratory exercises, quality assurance, analytical tools, hygiene, machinery

maintenance, HACCP, International standards, FPO Licence, PFA standards, codex

laws

10. Sales promotion, certification, distribution and marketing, banking, finance and

institutional management

11. Work experience in food processing plant

Duration = 14 weeks

Floriculture and Landscape Gardening

S. No. Activity

113

1. Preparation of project report, soil and water analysis, preparation of land and layout.

2. Production and Management of commercial flowers

3. Harvesting and post harvest handling of produce

4. Marketing of produce

5. Cost Analysis

6. Institutional Management

7. Visit to Flower growing areas and Export House

8. Attachment with private landscape agencies

9. Planning and designing, site analysis, selection and use of plant material for

landscaping

10. Formal and informal garden, features, styles, principles and elements of landscaping

11. Preparation of landscape plans of home gardens, farm complexes, public parks, institutions,

high ways, dams and avenues.

12. Making of lawns, use of software in landscape,

13. Making of bouquets, button hole, wreath, veni and gazaras, car and marriage places

14. Dry flower Technology (identification of suitable species, drying, packaging and forwarding

techniques)

Duration = 14 weeks

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