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Training ProgrammeBPL [DTO NAME AND LOGO]

GUIDANCE MATERIAL

TRAINING PROGRAMME

BALLOON PILOT

BPLHOT-AIR BALLOONTEMPLATE FOR DECLARED TRAINING ORGANISATIONSThis training programme is developed in accordance with Regulation (EU) No. 1178/2011 and related AMCs. The structure encompasses one variant of developed training programme for BPL training. Best practices and system varies, therefore each training organisation should align their programmes with their knowledge and best practices.

Template is not obligatory and can be used as guidance material for developing training programme for Declared Training Organisation or even Approved Training Organisation (programme needs to be integrated into training manual).

ENGLISH VERSION

FCL.PRG-5 Version 1 / Valid from 22. 11. 2018 of 63


Content

1 Syllabus...................................................................................................................................5

1.1 Aim of the Course...................................................................................................................5

1.2 Time Scale...............................................................................................................................5

1.3 Pre-entry requirements..........................................................................................................5

1.4 Tests and Examinations..........................................................................................................6

1.4.1 Theoretical progress tests.........................................................................................6

1.4.2 Flight progress tests..................................................................................................6

1.4.3 Skill test....................................................................................................................6

1.5 Summary of minimum training hours.....................................................................................6

1.6 Credits for previous experience..............................................................................................7

1.6.1 Special requirements for applicants holding LAPL(B).................................................7

1.7 Procedure when changing training organisation....................................................................7

1.8 Teaching materials..................................................................................................................7

1.9 Specific requirements for the Balloon Pilot Licence (BPL)......................................................7

1.9.1 Privileges and conditions..........................................................................................7

2 Theoretical knowledge training................................................................................................8

3 Flight Instruction for Balloon Pilot Licence.............................................................................12

3.1 Instructional methods..........................................................................................................12

3.1.1 Self-briefing............................................................................................................12

3.1.2 Briefing...................................................................................................................12

3.1.3 Debriefing...............................................................................................................13

3.1.4 Instructor debriefing...............................................................................................13

3.2 Syllabus of flight instruction.................................................................................................13

3.3 Phases of training.................................................................................................................13

3.4 Air excercises integration list................................................................................................14

4 Extension of privileges of Balloon Pilot Licence......................................................................16

4.1 Extension of BPL licence to commercial privileges...............................................................16

4.2 Extension of privileges to tethered flights............................................................................16

4.2.1 Air exercise integration list.....................................................................................16

4.3 Extension of privileges to another balloon group.................................................................16

4.3.1 Instructions flight standards....................................................................................17

4.3.2 Air exercise integration list.....................................................................................17

5 Appendix 1: Air exercises.......................................................................................................18



Exercise No. 1 Familiarisation with the balloon............................................................................18

Exercise No. 2 Preparation for flight.............................................................................................19

Exercise No. 3 Crew and passenger briefing.................................................................................21

Exercise No. 4 Assembly and layout..............................................................................................22

Exercise No. 5 Inflation.................................................................................................................23

Exercise No. 6 Take-off in different wind conditions....................................................................25

Exercise No. 7 Climb to level flight................................................................................................27

Exercise No. 8 Level flight.............................................................................................................28

Exercise No. 9 Descent to level flight and/or Landing...................................................................30

Exercise No. 10 Emergencies – systems........................................................................................32

Exercise No. 11 Other emergencies..............................................................................................34

Exercise No. 12 Navigation...........................................................................................................36

Exercise No. 13 Fuel management................................................................................................39

Exercise No. 14 Approach from low level, awareness of powerlines............................................41

Exercise No. 15 Approach from high level, intermediate landing, final landing............................43

Exercise No. 16 Operating at low level.........................................................................................46

Exercise No. 17 Landing in different wind conditions...................................................................47

Exercise No. 18 Flight to 4000 ft AGL............................................................................................49

Exercise No. 19 Experience cold descent......................................................................................51

Exercise No. 20 First solo..............................................................................................................53

Exercise No. 21 Tethered instruction flight...................................................................................54

6 Appendix 2: Progress tests.....................................................................................................56

6.1 Progress Test 1: Basic flying skills.........................................................................................56

6.2 Progress Test 2: Before first solo..........................................................................................57

6.3 Progress Test 2: Before skill test...........................................................................................58



REVISIONS OF TRAINING PROGRAMME

Date Issue Revision (REV) Changes

22.11.2018 1 0 Initial issue

ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation

AFM Aircraft Flight Manual

AGL Above Ground Level

AIP Aeronautical Information Publication

ARO ATS Reporting Office

ATC Air Traffic Control

ATS Air Traffic Service

BPL Balloon Pilot Licence

fpm Feet per Minute

GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System

m/s Meter per Second

NOTAM Notice to Airman

PZ Prohibited Zone

RDS Rapid Deflation System

SERA Standardised European Rules of the Air

SZ Sensitive Zone



1 SYLLABUSThis syllabus, produced by DTO [enter name of DTO] for Balloon Pilot Licence (BPL), conforms to the requirements of the Part FCL. The purpose of this syllabus is to provide all the information required, to students and to instructors who are involved in the training course.

The training consists of theoretical knowledge training and flight instruction by an instructor who is authorized to instruct toward a BPL and/or by competent theoretical knowledge instructors.

1.1 AIM OF THE COURSE

The training course is designed to give the student adequate theoretical knowledge, training in ground handling and flying techniques based on established teaching methods.

The aim of the training course is to become proficient as Hot-Air Balloon Pilot (BPL). A fundamental part of the training course is to stress the importance of decision making as a pilot-in-command.

Therefore, this training course gives the student the knowledge related to Hot-Air Balloons regarding:

Air law and ATC procedures Human performance Meteorology Communications Principles of flight – balloon Operational procedures – balloon Flight performance and planning – balloon Aircraft general knowledge, envelope and systems and emergency equipment – balloon Navigation – balloon Procedures stated in the Hot-Air Balloon flight manual.

During the training course the student is made aware of hazardous attitudes and their effect on flight safety. Safety awareness and risk management are a fundamental part of the course.

1.2 TIME SCALE

A full-time course of flight training is expected to take at least 6 weeks to complete. However, in most cases, course length will be dictated by the student’s availability, meteorological conditions and will take considerably longer in some cases it can be also shorter.

The flight and theoretical training syllabi detailed show the minimum training required. Each exercise has a completion standard that is to be achieved before completing the training. In the event that the required standard is not achieved in the minimum time allocated, it will be necessary to repeat all or part of the exercise, which is likely to result in the course being extended beyond the minimum hours.

1.3 PRE-ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

Before being accepted for training the student shall be informed that the appropriate medical certificate must be obtained before solo flying is permitted.

Before first solo flight, the student shall:

be at least 14 years of age; hold at least a medical certificate class 2 in accordance with Part-MED and in addition; pass the progress test 2 (PT2);



The FI(B) should ensure that the applicant can adequately operate the required systems and equipment.

For the BPL skill test, the applicant shall:

be at least 16 years of age; pass the progress test 3 (PT3); be recommended by head of training.

1.4 TESTS AND EXAMINATIONS

1.4.1 Theoretical progress tests

Theoretical progress tests are conducted by DTO for every subject. DTO checks that all elements of the theoretical knowledge training course have been completed to a satisfactory standard before recommending the applicant for the examination. If any part of the course is conducted as distance learning (including directed self-study), progress testing will be required to confirm that the necessary standard has been reached before continuing with the course.

1.4.2 Flight progress tests

Flight progress tests are conducted during the course:

Progress Test 1 (PT1) is a test of the student’s ability to fly Hot Air Balloon safely and commands basic ballooning skills, before progress to further phases of training. The PT1 shall be conducted by instructor who was not involved in flight training of the student.

Progress Test 2 (PT2) is a test of the student’s ability to fly Hot Air Balloon safely. The FI(B) should ensure that the applicant can adequately operate the required systems and equipment. The test is ideally conducted by the instructor, who was not involved in flight training of the student (if possible), or by the Head of Training. The test must be passed before the student is authorized for the first solo flight.

Progress Test 3 (PT3) is designed to ensure that the student can complete all of the relevant exercises to the standard required at the BPL skill test. The test shall be conducted by the Head of Training or instructor nominated by the Head of Training.

1.4.3 Skill test

The BPL skill test is taken when all training is complete and the candidate has passed progress test 2 (PT2). The test is conducted by an examiner designated by the CAA-SI.

Before BPL skill test is taken, candidate should pass appropriate language proficiency assessment (on operational level 4 as minimum required) according to language assessment method established by the CAA-SI and pass relevant radiotelephony tests (R/T), in English or Slovenian language, as applicable.

1.5 SUMMARY OF MINIMUM TRAINING HOURS

The training course includes, as minimum:

77 hours of theoretical knowledge training, ( combined: classroom, distance learning and onsite by instructor );

at least 16 hours of flight instruction, including at least: 12 hours of dual flight instruction; 10 inflations and 20 take-offs and landings; and 1 supervised solo flight with a minimum flight time of at least 30 minutes.



1.6 CREDITS FOR PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE

1.6.1 Special requirements for applicants holding LAPL(B)

Applicants for a BPL holding an LAPL(B) shall be fully credited towards the requirements for the issue of a BPL. Applicants for a BPL who held an LAPL(B) within the period of 2 years before the application shall be fully credited towards the requirements of theoretical knowledge and flight instruction.

1.7 PROCEDURE WHEN CHANGING TRAINING ORGANISATION

When candidate changes training organisations during the course DTO following documentation shall be obtained:

training records including progress tests, as applicable;student pilot logbook;medical certificate, if applicable;

After assessment of documentation and conducted interview with candidate, a pre-entry assessment of the applicant’s flying skills should be undertaken by the applicant, on the basis of which the DTO may evaluate the level of the applicant to better tailor the course.

After assessment of documentation, head of training shall develop credit report and training course syllabi to fulfill requirements of Part-FCL for BPL.

1.8 TEACHING MATERIALS

The following list represents the reference material that covers the subject details shown in the main body of the syllabus:

Aircraft flight manual (AFM) Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM )EASA Easy Access Rules Part-FCL ( https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/Part-FCL.pdf )Priročnik o uporabi frazeologije v slovenskem jeziku (CAA-SI handbook)…

1.9 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BALLOON PILOT LICENCE (BPL)

1.9.1 Privileges and conditions

The privileges of the holder of a BPL are to act as pilot-in-command on hot-air balloons of group A (envelope capacity limited to 3400 cubic meters). Further extension of privileges of BPL licence are subject to further training and testing.


https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/Part-FCL.pdf


2 THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE TRAININGThe theoretical knowledge training consists of all instruction given for the purpose of the training course and includes classroom lessons, distance learning (including dictated self study) and onsite training with instructor.

Additional theoretical knowledge necessary for the specific air exercise are covered by the instructor during the instructor’s briefing and debriefing.

(One classroom hour means 60 minutes)

010 AIR LAW AND ATC PROCEDURES Theory hours Proposed means of instruction

010 lesson 1

International law: conventions, agreements and organisationsAirworthiness of aircraftAircraft nationality and registration marks

1:000:450:15

ClassroomDistance learning

010 lesson 2

Personnel licencingRules of the airProcedures for air navigation services: aircraft operations

0:450:450:30


010 lesson 3

Air traffic management, regulations, airspace structureAeronautical information serviceAerodromesSearch and rescue

1:000:300:100:20


010 lesson 4

SecurityAircraft accident and incident reporting, investigationNational law

0:200:401:00


020 AIRCRAFT GENERAL KNOWLEDGE, ENVELOPE AND SYSTEMS AND EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT – BALLOON Theory hours Proposed means of instruction

020 lesson 1

System design, loads, stresses and maintenance, envelope 2:00

ClassroomDistance learningOnsite

020 lesson 2

Burner, Fuel cylinders, basket or gondola 2:00


020 lesson 3

Burning gas ( LPG ) 1:00


020 lesson 4

Instruments, Emergency equipment 2:00




030 FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING Theory hours Proposed means of instruction

030 lesson 1

Mass, Purpose of mass considerations 1:00ClassroomOnsite, briefing, debriefing

030 lesson 2

LoadingPerformance, General

1:001:00

ClassroomOnsite, briefing, debriefing

030 lesson 3

PerformanceFlight planning and monitoring

1:001:00

ClassroomOnsite, briefing, debriefing

030 lesson 4

Flight planning:general, pre-flight plan (ATS flight plan) 2:00ClassroomOnsite, briefing, debriefing

030 lesson 5

Flight monitoring and in flight re-planning 4:00 ClassroomOnsite

040 HUMAN PERFORMANCE Theory hours Proposed means of instruction

040 lesson 1

Human factors: basic concepts 2:00ClassroomDistance learning

040 lesson 2

Basic aviation physiology and health maintenance 3:00ClassroomDistance learning

040 lesson 3

Basic aviation psychology 2:00ClassroomDistance learning

050 METEOROLOGY Theory hours Proposed means of instruction

050 lesson 1

Atmosphere: composition, extent and vertical division ICAO standard atmosphere

1:000:30

ClassroomDistance learningOn site

050 lesson 2

Wind, definition, measurement of wind, primary cause of windAir temperature

2:001:00


050 lesson 3

Atmospheric pressure, Thermodynamics 1:00ClassroomDistance learning

050 lesson 4

Clouds and fog 1:30


050 lesson 5

Air masses and fronts, Pressure systems, Altimetry 2:00


050 lesson 6

Precipitation, Climatology 2:00


050 lesson 7

Flight hazards 1:00


050 lesson 8

Meteorological information 2:00




060 NAVIGATION Theory hours Proposed means of instruction

060 lesson 1

Basics of navigation (1) 2:00ClassroomDistance learning

060 lesson 2

Basics of navigation (2)Magnetism and compasses

1:001:00


060 lesson 3

Charts 2:00


060 lesson 4

Dead reckoning navigation 2:00


060 lesson 5

In-flight navigation 2:00


060 lesson 6

GNSS 1:001:00


070 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES Theory hours Proposed means of instruction

070 lesson 1

General requirements 2:00


070 lesson 2

Special operational procedures and hazards (general aspects) 2:00


070 lesson 3

Emergency procedures 3:00


080 PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT- BALLOON Theory hours Proposed means of instruction

080 lesson 1

Principles of flight 1:00ClassroomDistance learning

080 lesson 2

Aerostatics 1:00ClassroomDistance learning

080 lesson 3

Loading limitations 1:00


080 lesson 4

Operational limitations 2:00




090 COMMUNICATION Theory hours Proposed means of instruction

090 lesson 1

VFR communicationsDefinitions

1:000:45


090 lesson 2

General operating procedures Relevant weather information terms (VFR)

1:001:15


090 lesson 3

Action required to be taken in case of communication failure 0:30ClassroomOnsite

090 lesson 4

Distress and urgency procedures 0:30ClassroomOnsite

090 lesson 5

General principles of VHF propagation and allocation of frequencies 1:00ClassroomDistance learning

Total: 77:00



3 FLIGHT INSTRUCTION FOR BALLOON PILOT LICENCEThe BPL flight instruction syllabus takes into account the principles of threat and error management and also covers:

(i) pre-flight operations, including load calculations, balloon inspection and servicing;

(ii) crew and passenger briefings;

(iii) inflation and crowd control;

(iv) control of the balloon by external visual reference;

(v) take-off in different wind conditions;

(vi) approach from low and high level;

(vii) landings in different surface wind conditions;

(viii) cross-country flying using visual reference and dead reckoning;

(ix) emergency operations, including simulated balloon equipment malfunctions;

(x) compliance with air traffic services procedures and communication procedures;

(xi) avoidance of nature protection areas, landowner relations.

Before allowing the applicant to undertake his/her first solo flight, the FI (B) should ensure that the applicant can operate the required systems and equipment.

3.1 INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS

STUDENT

-VISUALISATION OF NEXT FLIGHT- REVISION OF PREVIOUS DEBRIEFING- REVISION OF EMERGENCY PROCEDURESI

STUDENT + INSTRUCTOR

-REVISION OF PREVIOUS DEBRIEFING- AIM, ELEMENTS AND GOALS FOR THIS EXERCISE- EMPHASIZED POINTS- QUIZ QUESTIONS- METEO CONDITIONS


- DEMONSTRATION OF AIR EXERCISES- METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING- BUILDING BLOCKS- ASSESSING OF STUDENT PROGRESS


- STUDENT SELF-EVALUATION- INSTRUCTOR ADDS OR CORRECTS THE EVALUATION OF THE STUDENT.- POINTS OUT CORE REASONS FOR BELOW OR ABOVE STANDARD PERFORMANCE- PRESENTS NEXT EXERCISE

INSTRUCTOR

- FILLING OUT THE DOCUMENTATION AND RECORDS- EVALUATES EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAINING- MAKES WRITTEN NOTES ABOUT POSSIBLE CORRECTIONS OR ADDITIONS TO THE TRAINING PROGRAMME

SELF BRIEFING BRIEFING AIR EXERCISE DEBRIEFING INSTRUCTOR DEBRIEFING

3.1.1 Self-briefing

Individual self-preparation of the student before the flight. As early as possible in the course, the student should expected to arrive at the briefing prepared to brief the instructor on the current meteorological and AIS information. Student shall also prepare revision of knowledge and brief preparation of task, previously ordered by instructor.

Student should take notes to the »self-briefing« section of list of air exercises which is to be recorded into training records and signed by FI(B).



3.1.2 Briefing

Each flight exercise, whether dual or solo, is to be preceded by a thorough pre-flight briefing. The student should be left in no doubt as to his responsibilities during the flight and the order in which exercises are to be taught/practised. As early as possible in the course, the student should be expected to arrive at the briefing prepared to brief the instructor on the current meteorological and AIS information. The instructor will give the candidate one or more quiz questions on operational or emergency procedures.

3.1.3 Debriefing

The student should be debriefed as soon as practicable after each flight. The debriefing must match the subsequent entry in the student’s training record, which the student is expected to sign. It starts with student self-evaluation. The instructor will correct the self-critique and add what is missing. The instructor will present the deviations and steps for correction.

Debriefing will be concluded with the summary of the practical exercise. A plan is made for the next exercise. A short (3 min) summary of the debriefing will be presented at the next short briefing of the flight preparation. The student should be debriefed as soon as practicable after each flight.

3.1.4 Instructor debriefing

The instructor makes individual analysis of student progress and his own work. The instructor fills in all necessary documentation and adds comments or recommendations for improvement of the training system.

3.2 SYLLABUS OF FLIGHT INSTRUCTION

The numbering of exercises should be used primarily as an exercise reference list and as a broad instructional sequencing guide; therefore the demonstrations and practices need not necessarily be given in the order listed. The actual order and content will depend upon the following interrelated factors:

(i) the applicant’s progress and ability;

(ii) the weather conditions affecting the flight;

(iii) the flight time available;

(iv) instructional technique considerations;

(v) the local operating environment;

(vi) applicability of the exercises to the balloon type.

Each of the exercises involves the need for the applicant to be aware of the needs of good airmanship and look-out, which should be emphasised at all times.

3.3 PHASES OF TRAINING

Air exercises will normally be taught in the order detailed in air exercise list, which ensures that they are taught in the most suitable learning sequence. If deviation from the normal order is necessary due, for example, to weather or aircraft unserviceability, the circumstances are to be detailed in the student’s training record.

BPL

Part Exercises Minimum hours Completion

1 – Basic skills 1-11, 14, 15 6 Progress test 1 (PT1)

2 – Advanced skills 12-13, 17, 18, 20 6 Progress test 2 (PT2)

3 – Confidence building 18 -19 4 Progress test 3 (PT3)



3.4 AIR EXCERCISES INTEGRATION LIST

Session SortieFlight Time

Total Exercise numberDual Solo

Basic exercises: tasks before take-off and airmanship are integrated in every training session. 2-5

PART

1: B

asic

skill

s

1Take-off in different wind conditionsClimb to level flight and descent to level flight.

0:15 - 0:15 6-9

2Take-off in different wind conditionsClimb to level flight and descent to level flight.Descent

0:15 - 0:30 6-9

3Take-off in different wind conditionsClimb to level flight and descent to level flight.Descent

0:15 - 0:45 6-9

4

Take-off in different wind conditionsClimb to level flight and descent to level flight.DescentEmergencies

0:30 - 1:15 6-11

5


0:30 - 1:45 6-11

6


0:45 - 2:30 6-11

7

Take-off in different wind conditionsClimb to level flight and descent to level flight.DescentEmergenciesApproach from low and high level

0:45 - 3:15 6-11, 14, 15

8


1:00 - 4:15 6-11, 14, 15

9


1:00 - 5:15 6-11, 14, 15

10 Progress test – basic skills– PT1 1:00 - 6:15 6-11, 14, 15

PART

2: A

dvan

ced

Skill

s

11Basic skillsNavigation, fuel managementLanding in different wind conditions

1:00 - 07:15 12, 13, 17

12

Basic skillsOperating at low levelNavigation, fuel managementLanding in different wind conditions

1:00 - 08:15 12, 13, 16, 17

13


1:00 - 09:15 12, 13, 16, 17

14 Basic skillsOperating at low levelNavigation, fuel managementLanding in different wind conditions

1:00 - 10:15 12, 13, 16, 17



15


1:00 - 11:15 12, 13, 16, 17

16 Progress test – before first solo – PT2 0:45 - 12:00 12, 13, 16, 17

Part

3: B

efor

e sk

ill te

st a

nd co

nfide

nce

build

ing

17 First solo -0:30

12:30 20

18


1:00 - 13:30 12, 13, 16, 17

19Basic skillsFlight to 4000 ft AGLCold descent

1:00 - 14:30 12, 13, 16 - 19

20


1:00 - 15:30 12, 13, 16, 17

21 Solo flight -0:30

14:00 20

22


1:00 - 15:00 12, 13, 16, 17

23 Progress test – before first BPL skill test – PT3 1:00 - 16:00 12, 13, 16 - 19

Total: 15:001:00 16:00



4 EXTENSION OF PRIVILEGES OF BALLOON PILOT LICENCE

4.1 EXTENSION OF BPL LICENCE TO COMMERCIAL PRIVILEGES

Holders of a BPL shall be restricted to act without remuneration in non- commercial operations until they have:

attained the age of 18 years; completed 50 hours of flight time and 50 take-offs and landings as PIC on balloons; passed a proficiency check with an examiner on a balloon in the specific class.

4.2 EXTENSION OF PRIVILEGES TO TETHERED FLIGHTS

The privileges of the LAPL(B) and BPL shall be limited to non-tethered flights. This limitation may be removed when the pilot has completed at least 3 tethered instruction flights. The completion of the additional training shall be entered in the logbook and to training records of DTO and signed by the instructor.

4.2.1 Air exercise integration list



Basic exercises: tasks before take-off and airmanship are integrated in every training session. 2-5

1 Tether flight 0:30 - 0:30 21



Total 2:30 - 2:30

4.3 EXTENSION OF PRIVILEGES TO ANOTHER BALLOON GROUP

The privileges of the BPL shall be limited to the class and group of balloons in which the skill test was taken. This limitation may be removed when the pilot has, in the case of an extension to another group within the same class of balloons, completed at least:

2 instruction flights on a balloon of the relevant group; and the following hours of flight time as PIC on balloons:

for balloons with an envelope capacity between 3 401 m³ and 6 000 m³ , at least 100 hours; for balloons with an envelope capacity between 6 001 m³ and 10 500 m³ , at least 200 hours; for balloons with an envelope capacity of more than 10 500 m³ , at least 300 hours.

An extension to group B is also valid for group A. The extension for the group C is also valid for the groups A and B. An extension to group D will include the privilege for the other three groups.

The DTO will issue a certificate of completion of instruction fights after the candidate has successfully completed at least 2 training flights according to all elements in Flight progress test (PT 3) of this Training Programme with an instructor, holding relevant privileges.

The take-off site should be chosen by the candidate depending on the actual meteorological conditions, the area which has to be overflown and the possible options for suitable landing sites. The candidate should be responsible for the flight planning and should ensure that all equipment and documentation for the execution of the flight are on board.



The total duration of the flight(s) should be at least 60 minutes. A candidate should indicate to the FI(B) the checks and duties carried out. Checks should be completed in accordance with the flight manual or the authorised checklist for the balloon on which the test is being taken.

During pre-flight preparation for the test the candidate should be required to perform crew and passenger briefings and demonstrate crowd control.

The load calculation should be performed by the applicant in compliance with the operations manual or aircraft flight manual for the balloon used.

4.3.1 Instructions flight standards

The candidate should demonstrate the ability to:

operate the balloon within its limitations; complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy; exercise good judgment and airmanship; apply aeronautical knowledge; maintain control of the balloon at all times in such a manner that the successful outcome of a procedure or

manoeuvre is never seriously in doubt.

The following limits are for general guidance:

Height: > normal flight ± 100 ft

> with simulated emergency ± 150 ft

The FI(B) should make allowance for turbulent conditions and the handling qualities and performance of the hot-air balloon used:

4.3.2 Air exercise integration list



1 Instructional flight 1:00 - 1:00 PT3

2 Instructional flight 1:00 - 1:30 PT3

Total 2:00 - 2:00



5 APPENDIX 1: AIR EXERCISES

Exercise No. 1 Familiarisation with the balloon Ground Training

Familiarisation with the balloon

AimTo learn the characteristics of the balloon used on the course, refuelling techniques and precautions while refuelling. Getting familiar with balloon instruments and equipment.

Content

characteristics of the balloon

the components or systems

refuelling of the cylinders

instruments and equipment

use of checklist(s) and procedures

Instructor briefing Instructor debriefing Equipment

1:30 0:30 Balloon, Refuelling premises

Air Exercise

Instructor:

Read through the flight limitations with the student. Point out and explain any unfamiliar parts or systems of the balloon (deflation system, burner system, fuel configuration, location and operation of controls and instruments).

Emphasise the need for protective clothing, adequate ventilation and removal of possible ignition sources whenever propane is handled. Refer to LPG properties and refuelling in the Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM).

Explains settings of instruments (altimeter, GPS, temperature gauge/instrument, variometer, compass) and functions. Fire extinguisher/fire blanket, handling line, quick release, spare fire striker, setup, usage and precautions while using them. Usage and importance of pre-flight checklist, in-flight checklist, passenger briefing.

Student:

Operate and ‘get the feel of’ all control lines and burner functions before take-off. Refer to balloon components in AFM. Perform, setting and usage of explained instruments and equipment by the instructor and perform all briefings

Completion Standard

Give the correct name and functions of parts of a balloon and its associated equipment. In the balloon logbook, identify the latest periodic inspection and confirm there is nothing in that inspection, or noted since, to preclude flight. In the AFM, identify flight limitations and specific control instructions for the balloon.

Recall and understand refuelling procedures and safety requirements.

Adequately brief a crew person to assist with refuelling.

Demonstrate safe refuelling of a balloon using the procedures and safety requirements.

Student has to be familiar and has to demonstrate use of checklists for procedures (preflight checklist, in-flight checklist, passenger briefing, setting of instruments, usage of fire extinguisher/fire blanket, handling line, quick release).

Self briefing



Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 2 Preparation for flight Ground Training

Preparation for flight

Aim To learn obtaining all the necessary information and execute preflight procedures in preparing for a safe flight.

Content

documentation and equipment

weather forecast and actuals

flight planning:

NOTAMs

airspace structure

sensitive areas (for example nature protection areas)

expected track and distance

pre-flight picture; filling in the flight plan to ARO or ATC

possible landing fields

launch field:

permission

field selection

behaviour

adjacent fields

load calculations, rigging the balloon and preflight inspections


1:00 0:45 Balloon

Exercise

Instructor:

Presents the necessary documentation that must be with the balloon and pilot before take-off. Shows the status of it:

currency, airworthiness.

Read through the flight limitations with the student

Include METEO exercise in every flight, even if very briefly at first.

Once the student understands the basics, ask him to give his assessment of weather and related flight decisions, and then critique his assessment.

Compare the forecast with actual observed conditions.

Check student is aware of the time of issue and validity of any forecast.

If a student is nervous about starting a flight in given conditions, it may be appropriate to suggest a demonstration flight including for example a windy take-off and/or landing.

Student:

Familiarise with weather basics (and pass the METEO progress test) as early as possible.

Learn to get forecasts independently of the Instructor.

Be aware that dirt, sand or grass may be blown into the envelope by the fan, and then catch alight or fall into people’s eyes once the balloon is upright.

Surface should be fire safe and suitable for a vehicle.



Completion Standard

Student has to demonstrate which mandatory documentation must be with him on the flight.

Demonstrate understanding and which equipment is used in ballooning.

Obtain public and aviation forecasts.

Show understanding of the forecast information and its suitability for balloon flight.

Observe weather signs in the proposed flight area and compare these with the forecast information.

Use a pibal (helium balloon) to observe low level wind speeds and directions.

Obtain first or last light as applicable, and identify local factors which may affect it.

Apply all the above information to make appropriate and safe flight decisions

Check NOTAM for the flying area

Obtain details of any local aerodrome/s, airspace structure in eAIP

Have an appropriate local topographic or sectional map and aviation chart available covering the proposed flight area, (essential chart details may instead be marked on the map)

Understand the details of any local SZ’s( Sensitive Zone), PZ’s ( Prohibited Zone), populated areas and show they are marked on the flying map

Identify appropriate items within sight of the launch field, and on the flying map and chart (e.g. powerlines, livestock, physical features, SZ’s, airspace boundaries, populous areas, suitable landing areas)

Project expected flight path ( track and distance)

Plan and conduct the flight safely and legally in relation to these items.

Submitting the Flight plan to eARO.

Assess potential launch site for suitable surface, upwind shelter, and obstacles. Power lines, houses and livestock immediately downwind should be avoided.

Confirm landowner permission to use the launch site if necessary.

Identify suitable (downwind) direction to lay out the balloon

Connect balloon components correctly and securely in accordance with the AFM.

Wires not twisted, karabiners closed

Check fuel cylinder contents using bleed screw, and ensure no leaks in fuel system.

Ensure deflation line and launch rope are attached before cold inflation commences.

If assisted by crew, check their work.

Make a load calculation according to AFM.

Demonstrate good airmanship.

Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 3 Crew and passenger briefing Ground Training

Crew and passenger briefing:

Aim To learn how to present passenger and crew briefing and importance of briefing.

Content

clothing

crew briefing

passenger briefing


1:00 0:30 Balloon

Exercise

Instructor:

Explain importance of briefings, checklists and proper clothing.

Student:

Brief crew for every training flight as if they are handling a balloon for the first time, so that the details are remembered and become a routine.

Carry out briefings before starting the fan.

Demonstrate what you want them to do, and make sure they have understood.

Completion Standard

Understanding the safety aspects of the briefing for passengers and crew. Understand what clothing and why correct clothing is necessary in ballooning.

Brief passengers before take-off on safety procedures while in flight and landing (may be included as part of pre-take-off checks). Briefing must be audible and clear and include all minimum briefing points (refer to checklists)

Brief crew on their tasks and related safety procedures to handle crown line, balloon mouth, inflation fan and balloon retrieval. Briefing must be audible and clear and include all minimum briefing points

Ensure/check the briefing instructions are followed correctly.

Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 4 Assembly and layout Ground Training

Assembly and layout

Aim To gain experience with managing crowd (public audience) control and rigging and preparing the balloon for flight

Content

crowd control

rigging envelope, basket and burner, inflation fan

burner test

use of restraint line/launch rope

pre-inflation checks


0:30 0:15 Balloon

Exercise

Instructor:

Explain importance of correct inflation cylinder orientation, so student understands the effect on vapour and liquid feed if orientation is not correct.

Show how to ‘build a basket’ with all equipment on board, checked and secure.

With basket upright check fuel contents (open bleed screw to confirm liquid level), check for leaks, test all burner functions, set instruments and radios, put maps and other essential equipment on board.

After attaching the envelope, check karabiners are ‘down and locked’, deflation line attached to the basket, restraint/launch rope is short (about 5 metres) and not slack.

Pre-take-off checklist items should preferably be completed before cold inflation begins.

Refer to the AFM, checklists and briefings.

Completion Standard

Identify suitable (downwind) direction to lay out the balloon.

Connect balloon components correctly and securely in accordance with the AFM – wires not twisted, karabiners closed

Check fuel cylinder contents using bleed screw, and ensure no leaks in fuel system.

Ensure deflation line and launch rope are attached before cold inflation commences.

If assisted by crew, check their work

Use of Checklists.

Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 5 Inflation Flight Training

Inflation

Aim

Reinforcing how to manage crowd control.

To learn how to cold and hot inflate the balloon.

Learn safety precautions during inflation and how to prevent possible hazards during inflation.

Content

crowd control

cold inflation

use of the inflation fan

hot inflation.


0:30 0:15 Balloon

Air Exercise

Do each crew job at times to know what is involved – delegation of tasks.

Only proceed with each stage of inflation if safe.

Remember a balloon is most unstable until fully inflated.

It is not necessary to spread the fabric by hand before starting the fan.

Once the balloon is about half-full of cold air, it is good practice to walk inside it; check all control lines (running them through your hand), pulleys and fixings, check the vent/deflation system is correctly fitted, and inspect the envelope.

Warn the mouth crew before starting the burner.

Wait till the envelope is well filled by the fan, as a well filled balloon requires less effort by the crown crew as it rises.

Add a few bursts of heat if necessary until it is completely rounded, then switch off the fan and continue heating until the balloon stands up.

If wind disturbs the burner flame during hot inflation, pause until conditions are calm enough to continue.

Start hot inflation with one leg stretched backwards into the basket, and as the balloon rises bring the other leg into the basket as well – it is not acceptable to sit on the basket edge as it rises with both legs dangling outside.

As soon as the basket is buoyant, get the crew to move it forward until the launch rope is tight again , then pull the vent line (to check its operation and reduce buoyancy).

Usage of inflation fans and safety measures.

Completion Standard

Ensure the public stay at a safe distance from basket, fan and ropes unless they have been briefed to assist.

Ensure safe operation of the inflation fan

Cold inflate the envelope in a safe and controlled manner.

Notify all crew before starting hot inflation.

Give correct, audible and precise instructions to crew throughout.

Operate the burner and hot inflate the envelope in a safe and controlled manner.

A pilot must remain in the basket at all times while the balloon is hot inflated.

Self briefing



Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 6 Take-off in different wind conditions Flight Training

Take-off in different wind conditions

Aim To learn to control the balloon at take off in different wind conditions on the ground.

Content

pre take-off checks and briefings

heating for controlled climb

‘hands off and hands on' procedure for ground crew

assessment of lift

use of quick release on restraint line/launch rope

assessment of wind and obstacles

take-off in wind without shelter obstacles

preparation for false lift


0:45 0:45 Balloon

Air Exercise

Taking-off from sheltered and unsheltered launch sites at different surface wind speeds.

Most pre-take-off checks should be simply a re-check of items that have already been completed. The process should therefore be quite quick.

Allow the student to use a previously established checklist, provided it is adequate.

Encourage him to use a written list if he has not memorised it.

Review the balloon with the student before take-off (for example “This is a fairly porous 3200 cubic meters balloon with parachute rip and no rotation vents. It has a double burner with two liquid feed pilot lights, one quiet burner and no crossflow.”)

An adequate launch rope should be strong enough to restrain the balloon. It should be fixed as required in the AFM – or if not specified in the manual, to a corner of the burner frame, or around one or two sets of basket wires at basket top height

Emphasise minimum crew to have hands on – to avoid too much weight.

Their feet must remain firmly on the ground at all times, and hands rather than elbows on the basket edge.

They should stay clear of the downwind side in case the basket drags.

‘Hands on’ means hold the basket down firmly.

‘Hands off’ means raise hands to see if the basket is buoyant.

Build up enough lift to clear obstacles and counteract any false lift.

Warn crew to stand clear when releasing the rope in case it rebounds.

Preparation for false lift: allow extra clear space downwind the inflation.

Take off more buoyant than usual be very attentive to the flight path and buoyancy of the balloon after take-off, avoiding any distractions

Continue heating as necessary until well clear of obstacles and the balloon has adjusted to the wind speed.

Completion Standard

Check condition and operation of critical equipment before flight.

Passenger briefing must be completed before take-off (see Excersice No. 3 above).

Checklists and briefings must be audible, clear and include all minimum checklist points.

Assess ability to clear downwind obstacles in relation to wind and possible false lift.

Make safe decision to take-off or abort flight consistent with current experience and ability.



Ensure the balloon is attached with an adequate launch rope to a vehicle or other solid object from before cold inflation until immediately before take-off.

Ensure fixings are suitable and the rope can be released easily and safely by the pilot from the basket (a quick release mechanism is preferred but not essential).

Instruct the crew to hold the basket edge, using clear ‘Hands on’ and ‘Hands off’ instructions.

Once pre-take-off checks are completed, and the balloon is buoyant enough to clear obstacles, release the rope in a safe and controlled manner.

Demonstrate assessment of wind speed and evaluate its possible impact on balloon during inflation and take-off.

Demonstrate pre take-off checks and briefings (crew, passengers).

Selection of appropriate launch site in regards to wind speed and obstacles downwind.

Demonstrate the ability to control the balloon at take-off in different wind conditions.

Be aware of possible hazards with taking off:

- from unsheltered launch site at higher wind speeds (limitations according to AFM, obstacles downwind and capabilities of student).

- sheltered launch sites ( know effects and be aware of possible false lift and how to compensate it , obstacles downwind ).

Use of quick release and hazards associated with the use of it.

Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 7 Climb to level flight Flight Training

Climb to level flight

Aim

To learn how to climb at the predetermined rate of climb, having in consideration maximum envelope temp, limitations.

Practicing look out techniques.

How to level a balloon at selected altitude

Content

climbing with a predetermined rate of climb

look-out procedures

effect on envelope temperature

maximum rate of climb according to manufacturer’s flight manual

levelling off at selected altitude


0:30 0:45 Balloon

Air Exercise

A climb rate of around 200 ft/min is suitable.

Student should be aware of livestock and power lines downwind.

Demonstrate the delayed response to the burner.

A ‘touch and go’ soon after take-off can be helpful, to demonstrate that slow approaches and landings are not to be feared.

Pay attention how to counteract False Lift and Clearing Obstacles (in slight ascent) previously learned.

Practicing method of look out procedures. Scan/observe the flight path in flight direction (track) and also left, right of it in sections trying to observe any other aircraft, significant landmarks important for navigation and weather.

Completion Standard

Take-off without undue delay in a safe and controlled manner.

Be aware of the balloon’s movement in relation to nearby obstacles, and maintain adequate clearance from them.

Be aware of, and take action to counteract, any potential false lift.

Level out the balloon at an appropriate height.

Demonstrate knowledge of effects and hazards of envelope temperature.

Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 8 Level flight Flight Training

Level flight

Aim

To learn to fly the balloon at a constant level with the help of instruments and without the instruments, only by visual reference or by using both methods. Learn the use and effects of parachute vent, rapid deflation system (RDS) or other deflation vents and side vents.

Learn the possible hazards of rapid deflation system, if applicable.

Content

maintaining level flight by:

use of instruments only

use of visual references only

all available means

use of parachute and turning vents (if applicable)


0:45 0:15 Balloon

Air Exercise

Instructor:

The student needs to be able to recognise the balloon movement fairly accurately before he can develop any real sense of when – and how much – to burn or vent in order to achieve a desired result.

Explain that it helps to look at the horizon and to look from side to side to judge vertical movement. In light wind or at height, the horizontal movement (direction of flight) is easier to judge by watching the movement of the ground relative to the bottom edge of the basket.

Level the balloon out at cca. 300-500 ft AGL and demonstrate the effects of different duration and frequency of burn. If a large, open paddock, free of livestock and power lines is available, practice the exercise closer to the ground. It is easier to learn to judge the movement and to achieve fine control at low level, and it will not matter if there are a few unintentional ground contacts.

Demonstrate a faster than normal climb out and then slow the climb by using the vent. Show how easy it is when climbing to arrest the climb or commence a descent. Demonstrate how to maintain a prolonged climb for say 1500-2000 ft.

After a period of level flight at altitude, initiate a descent - first by letting the balloon cool, then another time by using the vent, to observe the difference.

Demonstrate how to slow or arrest a descent by use of the burner. Demonstrate use of double burner (if available) for quicker response, being careful not to overburn.

Completion Standard

Climb to a requested altitude which is at least 300ft AGL

Achieve and maintain straight and level flight, within: Height ± 100 ft for at least 2 min.

Recall the maximum rates of climb and descent, the maximum envelope temperature for the balloon being flown, and any limitations on use of the vent. Comply with these during the exercise.

Use the burner to increase rate of climb or reduce rate of descent

Use the vent to increase rate of descent or reduce rate of climb.

Achieve and maintain a requested rate of climb or descent (within about 20%).

Carry out this exercise in a safe and controlled manner.

Correct usage of venting system (Parachute, RDS, side vent, if applicable).

Self briefing



Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 9 Descent to level flight and/or Landing Flight Training

Descent to level flight and/or Landing

Aim

To learn how to descent at the predetermined rate of descent, fast descend, maximum rate of descend/cold descend having in consideration maximum descent rate, AFM limitations.

How to recover a parachute stall.

Look-out procedures.

How to level a balloon at selected altitude.

Safety consideration: Practicing recovery from parachute stall, should be performed, due to safety reasons, on the ground.

Content

descent with a predetermined rate

fast descent

look-out procedures

maximum rate of descent according to manufacturer’s flight manual

use of parachute

parachute stall

cold descent

levelling off at selected altitude


0:45 0:15 Balloon

Air Exercise

Instructor:

Refer to emergencies in the AFM for powerline recognition.

Maintain powerline watch whenever descending to or flying at low level.

Get the student to control descent rate and approach angle first, the precise landing point comes later.

Initially practice this exercise in slow wind conditions.

If wind above is faster than on the surface, explain that a low level approach will reduce the balloon speed and make a landing safer and easier.

Set up a straight and level approach at about 100 ft AGL.

Check that the back-up burner system is working and that you have a reserve of fuel.

Explain the exercise is to make a landing approach, then avoid ground contact and climb away when requested.

Make an approach as if intending to land, then at some point burn out to initiate a climb.

If conditions allow, repeat the exercise several times.

This exercise is very helpful in demonstrating the inertia of the balloon, both horizontally and vertically. It also demonstrates how much reheating of the balloon is required after a descent, to clear objects in the overshoot area.

Try to avoid overburning when clearing obstacles, so that another landing can be attempted soon after the overshoot.

Practicing recovery from parachute stall, it should be performed, due to safety reasons, on the ground.

Completion Standard

Select a suitable intended landing field, and explain the choice.

Perform minimum pre-landing checks (see AFM notes – Checklists).

Identify powerlines and other obstacles and maintain safe clearance throughout.

Make a controlled landing approach without undue delay.



When requested to overshoot, level out without making ground contact and climb promptly in a safe and controlled manner.

Knowing of hazard of parachute stall, recover from it and know how to prevent it.

Display basic airmanship.

Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 10 Emergencies – systems Flight Training

Emergencies – systems

AimThese situations are to be simulated where they cannot be put into practice safely. The student should demonstrate his reactions as far as possible, rather than simply talk through what he would do. To achieve the competent standard, the student must show he can respond to each emergency promptly and confidently.

Content

pilot light failure

burner failure, valve leaks, flame out and re-light

gas leaks

envelope over temperature

envelope damage in-flight

parachute or rapid deflation system failure

airmanship


0:45 0:15 Balloon

Air Exercise

Instructor:

Instructor explains to the student that relevant information regarding emergency procedures are in AFM of the balloon they are flying. Balloons can have slightly different procedures depending on the manufacturer, mode and envelope capacity. That’s why student have to follow emergency procedures mentioned in AFM of the balloon they are flying.

Some of the procedures student can practice according to below mentioned standards if they are not in collision with AFM.

Pilot light failure and fuel supply problems

Demonstrate and practice in detail on the ground, by actually turning off pilot lights or valves or disconnecting fuel feed. The student should then be able to demonstrate reactions in theory during flight. Optional – turn pilot lights out or fuel off while flying. This should not be done without warning the student or without adequate safety precautions including checking a spare ignition source beforehand.

Considerations of landing in difficult conditions: trees, water, confined space

Optional – settle the basket in the top of a strong tree in calm conditions or make a gentle ‘splash and dash’ on water surface in light wind (consider SERA restrictions and natural protected areas).

Emergency landing procedures and briefing for passengers

An acceptable minimum procedure for low level emergency landing (powerline emergency) is:

- Avoid powerlines if possible

- Pull the deflation line and brace for landing

- At the same time loudly and clearly warn passengers to ‘GET INTO LANDING POSITION AND HOLD ON’.

- Other actions including pilot lights out, make gas safe, and advise passengers to ‘KEEP HOLDING ON AND STAY IN THE BASKET’ should follow after landing if there is not time before to do them beforehand.

Completion Standard

Important!

Successfully demonstrating and completing ALL emergency procedures according to balloon AFM.

Important is also the correct sequence of execution!!

Some emergencies cases can be conducted just verbally.

Pilot light failure and fuel supply problems

Demonstrate appropriate procedures for locating possible causes of pilot light failure and rectifying them where possible.



Demonstrate how to create an emergency pilot light using a main burner, also by using a quiet burner if available.

Demonstrate appropriate procedures for locating possible causes of fuel supply problems, and rectifying them where possible, including relocating fuel hoses or cylinders to ensure fuel supply.

Considerations of landing in difficult conditions: trees, water, confined space

Demonstrate knowledge of appropriate procedures and considerations for landing in trees, water or confined space.

Emergency landing procedures and briefing for passengers

Demonstrate knowledge of emergency landing procedures.

Give an appropriate passenger briefing for an emergency landing.

Initiate a fast descent from altitude as if for an emergency landing, but do not make ground contact.

Considerations of fuel leaks and fire in air and on ground.

Demonstrate knowledge of appropriate procedures in the event of a fuel leak or fire in the air or on the ground.

Student have to practice ALL emergency procedures mentioned in the AFM of the balloon they are flying till completion standard is achieved.

Display basic airmanship throughout the exercise.

Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 11 Other emergencies Flight Training

Other emergencies

Aim To learn and practice emergency procedures according to AFM and demonstrate good airmanship.

Content

fire extinguisher

fire on ground

fire in the air

contact with electrical power lines

obstacle avoidance

escape drills, location and use of emergency equipment

airmanship


0:45 0:15 Balloon

Air Exercise

Instructor:

Instructor explains to the student that relevant information regarding emergency procedures are in AFM of the balloon they are flying. Balloons can have slightly different procedures depending on the manufacturer, mode and envelope capacity. That’s why student have to follow emergency procedures mentioned in AFM of the balloon they are flying.

Some emergencies cases can be conducted just verbally.

Some of the procedures student can practice according to below mentioned standards if they are not in collision with AFM.

Power lines, use of handling line

Using a handling line should be experienced in calm or light wind, before take-off or before the balloon is deflated after landing. Get the student to successfully direct the crew to pull the balloon over a fence or other obstacle (can be simulated in the middle of an open paddock or meadow).

A handling line should only be used at a safe distance from powerlines.

Check it is attached before using it (usually to an internal rope handle)!

Considerations of fuel leaks and fire in air and on ground

Simulate only! Make sure the student locates the fire extinguisher, takes it in his hand, and knows how to use it.

Completion Standard

Successfully demonstrating and completing emergency procedures according to balloon AFM.

Important is the correct sequence of execution.

Power lines, use of handling line

Carry out appropriate procedures for making a safe and prompt emergency landing when it is not certain that the balloon will safely clear a powerline.

Demonstrate knowledge of safety procedures in the event that a balloon is in contact with a powerline.

Carry out appropriate procedures for using a handling line to move a balloon in a safe and controlled manner.

Considerations of fuel leaks and fire in air and on ground.

Demonstrate knowledge of appropriate procedures in the event of a fuel leak or fire in the air or on the ground.



Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 12 Navigation Flight Training

Navigation

Aim

To practice using appropriate maps charts for planning the flight.

Preflight plotting of expected flight path on the map in regards to weather conditions , air space restrictions, available fuel (with at least 45 min reserve), planned flight duration and planned landing site.

During flight plotting actual position and time on the map. Calculating remaining flight time in regards to actual fuel consumption taking into account 45 min fuel reserve.

Communication with ground crew. Getting additional wind information if needed and informing them of flight intentions.

Communication with ATC or other air traffic. Practicing blind transmitting.

Use of GNSS if available.

Content

maps selection

plotting expected track

marking positions and time

calculation of distance, speed and fuel consumption

ceiling limitations (ATC, weather and envelope temperature)

planning ahead

monitoring of weather development and acting so

monitoring of fuel consumption and envelope temperature

ATC liaison (if applicable)

communication with ground crew

use of GNSS (if available)


0:45 0:15 Balloon

Air Exercise Instructor:

Explain to student that good preparation of flight is of vital importance for well executed flight. Preparation shall begin a day before the flight, studying weather prognosis (winds on ground and aloft) and weather patterns that are typical for area overflown (for example south westerly wind at morning and at evening, depending on season, over central part of Slovenia). Proper meteorological preparation will also reduce workload in basket.

Further studying map is of great importance for planning the flight. Studying and understanding maps, getting familiar with and visualizing landing sites, taking into account expected metrological conditions, will enable student to properly complete the flight.

Two types of maps are normally used sectional aeronautical charts and local topographical. Sectional aeronautical charts are similar to an automobile road map, and provide useful information to a balloon pilot flying under visual flight rules (VFR). However, local area maps showing prohibited zones and sensitive areas are normally most proper for balloon flights. These charts (commonly referred to as terminal area charts) show a significantly increased level of detail, and, if available, may be of more value than a standard sectional.

Student should mark on the map landmarks, powerlines and plot expect track, considering meteorological situation.

Further, student shall make performance calculations, referring to AFM of balloon, considering expected ceiling (max altitude), temperature, humidity and load calculation, including max permissible envelope temperature.

Navigation of a balloon is unlike that of any other aircraft because it cannot be steered in the conventional sense. Directional control is achieved through the use of differing wind directions at different altitudes. Therefore visual recognition of the balloon’s movement is the basis of all control. Until the student can see how the balloon movement is changing, he/she cannot recognise when control inputs are required or recognise the result of the inputs.



This judgement is easier to learn in low level flight, and is gradually extended to higher levels. Encourage the student to look at the horizon and look around to increase visual clues.

Horizontal speed and direction is easier to judge at higher levels by watching the ground move relative to the bottom edge of the basket. Cover the instruments at times so the student gets confidence in his own judgement.

Instruments should be used to confirm and assist visual recognition, not as a sole guide.

There is a slight time lag in instrument response; human judgement is often sharper.

Check the student can set altimeter to QNH and is thoroughly familiar with maps and charts. A good practice is to plot your position and track on the map with a pencil every 10 minutes or so.

Executing flight according to plan with plotting actual flight path, fuel consumption, calculating remaining duration with prescribed minimum reserve during flight (non-commercial operations rules). If need readjusting the flight plan due to change in weather conditions.

Navigation exercise shall be then divided to following elements:

- Flight planning

Weather forecast and actual - map selection and preparation – plotting expected track - controlled airspace - danger, prohibited and restricted areas - safety altitudes

- Calculations

Expected airborne time - fuel consumption – load calculation – performance calculation

- Flight information

NOTAMS etc. - radio frequencies - balloon documentation

- Notification of the flight

pre-flight administrative procedures - flight plan form

- Meteo-onsite verification and decision of choosing launch field

Use of latest meteorological conditions – pibal – mental calculation – choosing of launch field

- Take-off and en-route

Organisation of workload - altimeter settings - ATC liaison in controlled/regulated airspace – plotting and marking position - maintenance of altitude – changing of altitude - fuel management - log keeping – ground crew communication - use of GNSS - minimum weather conditions for continuation of flight - in-flight decisions – planning ahead - transiting controlled/regulated airspace - diversion procedures

- Landing preparation

ATC liaison in controlled/regulated airspace - altimeter setting – pre-landing checks – avoiding powerlines – sheltered and unsheltered landing sites – ground crew communication – landowner relations

Completion Standard

Orient the flying map and chart, and at all times be able to indicate on each the current position and projected flight path of the balloon. (Chart need not be used provided relevant information from the chart is provided on the map.)

Recognize on both map and chart any features which are relevant to the flight and any landmarks which are visible during flight. (Chart need not be used provided relevant information from the chart is provided on the map.)

Estimate wind speed and direction since take-off or last fix, and indicate with reasonable accuracy the projected position of the balloon in a given time (cca. 40 minutes ahead).

Recognise relevant airspace boundaries and remain within permitted airspace at all times.

Understand the function of required instruments (altimeter, variometer, ambient temperature gauge).

Set the instruments, confirm they are operating, and take readings from them

Identify the horizontal and vertical movement of the balloon without instruments, accurately enough to maintain safe and controlled flight.

Maintain adequate control of the balloon during this exercise.

Demonstrate the ability to manoeuvre the balloon in the planned flight path or be able to readjust if needed in a way to bring



balloon to a safe landing.

Ability to communicate in an efficient aeronautical phraseology with ATC or other air traffic and ground crew. Display basic airmanship.

Self briefing

Student:



Instructor:



Exercise No. 13 Fuel management Flight Training

Fuel management

AimTo teach different burner systems, correct orientation of tank valves during inflation, sequence of usage of cylinders during flight, how to calculate fuel consumption, importance of fuel pressure, correct reading of content gauges, mandatory fuel reserve and how to use fuel manifolds, bleeding of fuel system when and why and after flight.

Content

cylinder arrangement and burner systems

pilot light supply (vapour or liquid)

use of master cylinders (if applicable)

fuel requirement and expected fuel consumption

fuel state and pressure

fuel reserves

cylinder contents gauge and change procedure

use of cylinder manifolds


0:45 0:20 Balloon

Air Exercise

Instructor:

Ensure student is familiar with the burner and cylinder controls, recognises fuel contents and fuel pressure, and can estimate remaining fuel and flight duration, so that landing is achieved with a fixed fuel reserve intact (20 litres is suitable or 10%). If it may become necessary to use some of this reserve, warn the crew and take any other appropriate action to ensure a safe landing with some fuel still available.

The student should recognise that the last 5% or so in a cylinder is at much lower pressure, so burner response is much less effective.

When changing fuel cylinders, have the balloon well clear of obstacles, preferably climbing slightly, and check that the burner is operating on another cylinder, so that control can be maintained during the changeover.

Calculating of fuel consumption. Sequence of usage of cylinders.

Controlling of content gauges.

Change procedure of cylinders during flight.

Completion Standard

Maintain awareness of which burner and cylinder are in use and the remaining fuel available.

Arrange fuel use so that a second cylinder (and burner if present) is ready to use at all times.

Establish a safe fixed fuel reserve and land with this intact.

Change the fuel cylinder in use safely and promptly.

Fuel lines must be emptied before being disconnected.

Maintain adequate control of the balloon during this exercise

Displaying correct calculation of fuel consumption, orientation of fuel cylinders during inflation, changing procedure of fuel cylinders during flight and bleeding of them after flight.




Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 14 Approach from low level, awareness of powerlines Flight Training

Approach from low level, awareness of powerlines

Aim

To learn how to perform pre-landing checks, briefing of passengers. Selecting appropriate landing field for safe landing regarding legal limitations, PZ, protected areas, size of the field based on wind speed, obstacles and access for the crew.

To learn how to use burner, side vents and parachute vent or RDS for and at landing.

Procedure at missed approach and fly on.

Content

pre-landing checks

passenger pre-landing briefing

selection of field

use of burner and parachute

look-out procedures

missed approach and fly on

Instructor briefing DUAL flight session SOLO flight session Instructor debriefing Equipment

0:30 1:00 - 0:45

Air Exercise

Refer to emergencies in the AFM section of manual for powerline recognition and procedure.

Maintain powerline watch whenever descending to or flying at low level.

Get the student to control descent rate and approach angle first, the precise landing point comes later.

Initially practice this exercise in slow wind conditions.

If wind above is faster than on the surface, explain that a low level approach will reduce the balloon speed and make a landing safer and easier.

Set up a straight and level approach at about 100 ft AGL.

Check that the back-up burner system is working and that you have a reserve of fuel.

Explain the exercise is to make a landing approach, then avoid ground contact and climb away when requested.

Make an approach as if intending to land, then at some point burn out to initiate a climb.

If conditions allow, repeat the exercise several times.

This exercise is very helpful in demonstrating the inertia of the balloon, both horizontally and vertically.

It also demonstrates how much reheating of the balloon is required after a descent, to clear objects in the overshoot area.

Try to avoid overburning when clearing obstacles, so that another landing can be attempted soon after the overshoot

Prelanding check during flight: passenger briefing regarding landing position and staying in the basket and check that all gear is stowed, check functionality of all burners and pilot lights.

Select a suitable intended landing field, and explain the choice, in regards to applicable rules: populated areas , protected areas, SZ, PZ , powerlines and live stock.

Appropriate size of the field in regards to wind speed, obstacles downwind and possible wind curls

Perform missed approach procedure and fly on.

Completion Perform minimum pre-landing checks (see AFM – Checklists).



Standard

Identify powerlines and other obstacles and maintain safe clearance throughout

Make a controlled landing approach without undue delay.

When requested to overshoot, level out without making ground contact and climb promptly in a safe and controlled manner.

Pilot lights and burner must be off before ground contact and may be relit once the balloon is stationary and upright.

Achieve a safe and controlled landing to a complete stop in a suitable area, keeping the balloon inflated. Or, if ground wind does not allow a complete stop, make controlled ground contact and continue flying.

Control the balloon during final approach to give a low vertical speed on touchdown.


Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 15 Approach from high level, intermediate landing, final landing Flight Training

Approach from high level, intermediate landing, final landing

Aim

To learn how to perform a safe approach to landing from high level.

To learn specifics of high level approach and possible hazards associated with such landings.

To learn how to perform pre-landing checks, briefing of passengers.

Selecting appropriate landing field for safe landing regarding legal limitations, PZs, protected areas, size of the field based on wind speed, obstacles and access for the crew.

To learn how to use burner, side vents and parachute vent or rapid deflation system (RDS) for and at landing.

Procedure at missed approach and fly on.

Content

pre-landing checks


selection of field

rate of descent

use of burner and parachute

look-out procedures

missed approach and fly on


0:30 0:20 Balloon

Air Exercise High level approach:

Perform fast descent and leveling up at certain low altitude.

Performing all pre-landing checks.

Select appropriate landing field in regards to applicable rules, PZ, protected areas and no live stock. Appropriate size of the field in regards to wind speed, obstacles downwind and possible wind curls, shears.

Check functionality of all burners, pilot lights and fuel contents in cylinders. If needed change the burner connection to full fuel cylinder.

Look out procedure for aircraft in vicinity.

Perform safe missed approach procedure and fly on.

Acknowledge possible hazards while in fast descent: turbulence, wind shear, inertia of the balloon, change of wind direction during descend.

Intermediate landing:

Approach procedure should be as for overshoot above. However this time full pre-landing checks must be done.

Have plenty of room as unintentionally hard landings may be experienced initially.

Be aware of students fear of "ground rush" and tendency to overburn.

Before ground contact check all on board are holding on appropriately (instructor and student included!), and loose gear stowed.

Explain not to burn during ground contact as burner control may be inadequate.

After contact check direction of burner before burning again.

Use the vent just enough to make the basket ‘stick’ with minimal deflation.

If a full stop is not possible explain a ‘pendulum’ swing is normal after contact and can be disorienting.



Refer to Checklists and Landings in the AFM.

In light wind an intermediate landing should be completed, and the basket well grounded.

Pull the crown line firmly away to ensure the envelope does not contact the burner during deflation.

Final landing:

If the balloon has a Smart Vent or velcro rip for example, this may be used for full deflation.

The appropriate line should be decided in advance and ready to hand.

Maintain hold on rip line till balloon is well deflated.

Before anyone leaves the basket the balloon should have lost enough buoyancy to ensure it remains grounded and the basket will not drag further.


Completion Standard

High level approach:

Choose suitable landing field, and explain choice.

Pre-landing checks should be carried out well before landing to ensure safety.

Identify powerlines and other obstacles and maintain safe clearance throughout

Pilot lights and burner must be off before ground contact and may be relit once the balloon is stationary and upright.

Achieve a safe and controlled landing to a complete stop in a suitable area, keeping the balloon inflated.

(Or, if ground wind does not allow a complete stop, make controlled ground contact and continue flying.)

Control the balloon during final approach to give a low vertical speed on touchdown.

Intermediate Landing:

Perform full prelanding checks and same procedures as for High level approach.

Final landing:

As for intermediate landing, followed by complete deflation of the envelope.

Deflation may occur some time after landing if wind conditions allow.

Deflation must be safe and controlled, avoiding obstacles and without the envelope deflating onto the burner.

Advise passengers when it is safe to leave the basket.

Soon after landing turn off all gas, vent gas lines, and turn off instruments.

Before performing above mentioned landings check functionality of all burners, pilot lights and fuel contents in cylinders. If needed change the burner connection to full fuel cylinder to full cylinders.


Display basic airmanship



Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 16 Operating at low level Flight Training

Operating at low level

AimTo learn how to operate a balloon at low level and possible hazards associated with low level flights (consider implementing SERA 5005(f) rule).

Content

use of burner, whisper burner and parachute

look-out procedures

avoidance of low level obstacles

avoidance of protection areas

landowner relations


0:30 0:20 Balloon

Air Exercise

Visual recognition of the balloon’s movement is the basis of all control. Until the student can see how the balloon movement is changing, he cannot recognise when control inputs are required or recognise the result of the inputs. This judgement is easier to learn in low level flight, and is gradually extended to higher levels.

Use of whisper burner and getting used to less power than from the main burner (noise abatement procedure, use of the whisper burner). Then demonstrate the student the use of parachute when operating at low level. Emphasize the hazards of using parachute should be emphasized (over controlling).

Acknowledging and recognizing low level obstacles, powerlines and protected areas.

Encourage the student to look at the horizon and look around to increase visual clues. Horizontal speed and direction is easier to judge at higher levels by watching the ground move relative to the bottom edge of the basket. Cover the instruments at times so the student gets confidence in his own judgement. Instruments should be used to confirm and assist visual recognition, not as a sole guide. There is a slight time lag in instrument response; human judgement is often sharper.

Check the student can set altimeter to QNH and is thoroughly familiar with maps and charts.

Maintaining to fly above minimum altitudes specified in SERA 5005(f).

Practice good landowner communication and relationship, obtaining the permission to retrieve the balloon from the field if farmer is reasonably reachable.

Display good airmanship.

Completion Standard

Demonstrate the ability to recognize and avoid low level obstacles, powerlines and protected areas.

Maintain flight above minimum altitudes specified in SERA 5005(f).

Obtaining the permission to retrieve the balloon from the field if farmer is reasonably reachable.

Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 17 Landing in different wind conditions Flight Training

Landing in different wind conditions

Aim To learn how to land in different wind conditions and procedures associated with such landings.

Content

pre-landing checks


selection of field

turbulences (in the case of landings with high wind speed only)

use of burner and pilot lights

use of parachute and turning vents (if applicable)

look-out procedures

dragging and deflation

landowner relations

airmanship


0:30 0:20 Balloon

Air Exercise

Before starting to land perform all pre-landing checks. Brief passengers for hard landing position if high wind landing is expected.

If you have turning vents use them to orient the basket on the long edge. If turbulence is expected, the controllability of balloon is harder to achieve so expect to perform a harder touch down.


Select appropriate landing field in regards to applicable rules, PZ, protected areas and no live stock. Appropriate size of the field in regards to wind speed, obstacles downwind and possible wind curls, shears.

Check functionality of all burners, pilot lights and fuel contents in cylinders.

If needed change the burner connection to full fuel cylinder. Expect significant balloon basket dragging on the ground and tipping basket on its side on landing. Just before touch down shut off pilot lights

Completion Standard

Perform all pre-landing checks before landing.

Brief passengers for hard landing position if high wind landing is expected. Look out procedure for aircraft in vicinity.

Select appropriate landing field in regards to applicable rules, PZ, protected areas and no live stock.

Appropriate size of the field in regards to wind speed, obstacles downwind and possible wind curls, shears. Check functionality of all burners, pilot lights and fuel contents in cylinders. If needed, change the burner connection to full fuel cylinder.

Correct estimate of balloon basket drag on the ground and tipping basket on its side on landing. Performing, just before touch down, shut off pilot lights.

Obtaining the permission to retrieve the balloon from the field if farmer is reasonably reachable.




Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 18 Flight to 4000 ft AGL Flight Training

Flight to 4000 ft AGL

Aim This exercise is intended to build confidence in climbing quickly and steadily, and flying at altitude

Content

air space structure

flight planning

communication with ATC


1:00 0:30 Balloon

Air Exercise

Instructor:

Consider warm clothing if extended flight at altitude is planned, as temperature may be 8–10 degrees cooler.

Ask the student to report aloud any changes observed during the climb, such as wind speed and direction, visibility and balloon performance.

Fast climb rate causes airflow down the envelope; this should not be confused with horizontal wind shear, which may also be present at times.

Note that vertical movement at altitude is generally easier to judge by instruments than by eye.

Flight planning is essential and should include:

- load chart (load calculation for the given conditions and expected ceiling, allowing for a possible upper inversion).

- maps and charts (expected track for the forecast upper winds, consideration of airspace, obtain airways clearance if required, downwind obstacles and suitability of projected landing areas)

- suitable weather conditions for the estimated flight duration.

- fuel availability including safe fuel reserve for the estimated flight duration, and

- carrying a VHF radio and transponder if flight will be in controlled airspace.

Completion Standard

Climb to 4000 ft AGL and establish horizontal flight.

Perform proper flight planning (meteo, maps selection, plotting etc.).

Fuel management.

Decision making.

Commanding balloon and navigating at high altitude.

Spatial orientation.

Operating transponder

Communication with ATC and ground crew.

Display good airmanship.



Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 19 Experience cold descent Flight Training

Experience cold descent (cold descent from high altitude)

AimTo build confidence in making a controlled fast descent.

This exercise is often done straight after or during exercise 18 (Flight to 40000 ft)

Content

air space structure

flight planning

Communication with ATC


1:00 0:30 Balloon

Air Exercise

It is intended to build confidence in making a controlled fast descent.

It also shows what to expect should a burner fail at altitude, and what vertical distance is needed for recovery.

It is important for the instructor to be confident and to put the student at ease.

Instructor:

Refer to cold descent in the AFM. Before descending check burners are working well, adequate fuel is available, and the pilot light pressure is enough to resist a moderate wind.

Check the intended descent area is suitable, eg. with respect to built up areas and SZ’s.

Ask the student to observe and report what happens as the balloon descends, including changes in the descent rate.

Similar changes are likely during descent as were noted during the climb.

Be aware surface wind conditions may have changed.

Heat should be maintained if the mouth starts to narrow noticeably, though this is uncommon. Vertical airflow past the balloon while descending may be more noticeable than when climbing, and ears may ‘pop’.

The balloon may start to ‘corkscrew’ (rotate and swing around its vertical axis).

Always arrest the descent with a good safety margin in hand (500ft).

A useful rule of thumb is to halve the descent rate, and allow that vertical distance in feet for the levelling out process.

In practice this is typically achieved with one long burn (10 secs or so) followed by a short pause to observe the effect of this, and then one more measured burn. A 5 second double burn initially is even more effective.

Note the altitude when starting the first burn, then again at 400 fpm (2 m/s) and then again when level – the response is usually noticeably quick and reassuring.

Completion Standard

Climb to at least 4000 ft AGL and level out.

Without venting, allow descent rate to increase.

Do not exceed the permitted maximum rate of descent.

Use burner if necessary to maintain control or keep the balloon safely inflated.

Regain level flight at or above a selected safe height.



Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 20 First solo Flight Training

First solo

Aim To fly balloon as planned and carry out a normal approach and landing.

Contentsupervised flight preparation;

instructor’s briefing, observation of flight and de-briefing


1:00 0:30 Balloon

Air Exercise

Instructor supervises student’s planning of the flight, preparation of the balloon, briefings, flight and landing.

Note: The instructor observes the flight from ground following the balloon and is in radio contact with the student at all times.

Completion Standard Safe landing.

Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



Exercise No. 21 Tethered instruction flight Flight Training

Tethered instruction flight

Aim

The aim of the flight instruction is to qualify LAPL(B) or BPL holders to perform tethered flights

To learn specifics of tethered flight and learn how to safely conduct tethered flights including crowd control.

Demonstrate good airmanship

Content

ground preparations;

weather suitability;

tether points:

- upwind

- downwind

tether ropes (three point system);

maximum all-up-weight limitation;

crowd control;

pre take-off checks and briefings;

heating for controlled lift off;

‘hands off and hands on’ procedure for ground crew;

assessment of lift;

assessment of wind and obstacles;

take-off and controlled climb (at least up to 60 ft – 20m)


0:45 0:15 Balloon

Air Exercise

Take care to avoid excessive strain on any part of the balloon or tether system. If the AFM does not give instructions, the following points are recommended.

Use a minimum of three ropes, laid out at equal angles when looked at from above, and tied off securely to heavy vehicles or other solid objects.

If the wind direction is steady, two ropes can remain taut upwind and any slack in the downwind rope can be taken up by experienced crew members.

Ropes should be synthetic fibre, in good condition, of a kind which does not degrade quickly in sunlight, and each with a breaking strain about equal to the total mass of the balloon including the enclosed air (for example 3 x 3 tonne ropes for an 2400 cubic meters envelope balloon capacity are recommended).

Nylon is excellent but more stretchy. Polypropylene is satisfactory, less stretchy and less expensive. Climbing rope is better avoided as it is braided rather than laid (twisted) which makes it difficult to tell when the central fibres break down and the rope weakens. Braided kevlar rope is stronger and has been used successfully

Ropes with knots or damage in them should not be used – the simplest overhand knot reduces rope strength by up to 50%.

The ends are best fitted with eyelets or secured with a bowline knot, avoiding sharp metal edges.

Each rope should be at least as long as the balloon is high, so the balloon can be deflated safely in any direction if necessary.

Crew members should wear gloves and be experienced at tethering.

Other people should be kept well clear of the ropes and away from where the basket may land.

If there is any wind over the balloon the pilot should make allowance for false lift, in order to avoid any unexpected lift-off or hard landing.

Completion Understanding the specifics of tethered flights.



Standard

Successfully demonstrating and completing tethered flight using proper techniques and AFM limitations.

Before starting the inflation manage crowd control.


Self briefing

Student:

Instructor:



6 APPENDIX 2: PROGRESS TESTS

6.1 PROGRESS TEST 1: BASIC FLYING SKILLS

Flight details

Candidate’s Name:

Instructor’s Name

Date of Flight: Block OFF: Block ON:

Aircraft type: Aircraft registration:

Elements to verify ① below standard / ③ standard / ⑤ above standard

1 Familiarisation with the balloon ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

2 Preparation for flight, Crew and passenger briefing ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

3 Assembly and layout, Inflation ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

4 Take-off in different wind conditions ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

5 Climb to level flight, level flight ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

6 Descent to level flight ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

7 Emergencies ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

8 Approach from low level ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

9 Approach from high level ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

10 Decision making (before and in-flight) ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

11 Airmanship ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

12* ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

13* ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

14* ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

Overall mark:

I, signed below instructor:

☐ recommend candidate for advance training exercises.

☐ recommend further training.

Remarks:

Grading and performance criteria

Candidate shall attain at least 3+ overall mark for positive recommendation for advance training exercises. If overall grade is below mark 3, additional training is required to achieve required level of proficiency. Assessment of candidate should be made as objective test. If certain elements are below standard, additional training session should be oriented on that element, as required.

Non-technical skills (airmanship) should also be assessed.

It is of responsibility of instructor to assess the candidate by means of honesty and objectivity.

*Additional space is reserved for assessing of skills upon discretion of instructor.

Instructor’s signature Candidate’s signature:



6.2 PROGRESS TEST 2: BEFORE FIRST SOLO

Flight details

Candidate’s Name:

Instructor’s Name




1 Preparation for flight, Crew and passenger briefing ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

2 Assembly and layout, Inflation ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

3 Take-off in different wind conditions ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

4 Climb to level flight, Level flight ① ② ③ ④ ⑤


6 Emergencies – all ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

7 Navigation ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

8 Fuel management ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

9 Approach from low level, ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

10 Operating at low level ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

11 Landing in different wind conditions ① ② ③ ④ ⑤



14* ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

15* ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

16* ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

Overall mark:


☐ recommend candidate for solo navigation flight.


Remarks:


Candidate shall attain at least 3+ overall mark for positive recommendation for solo flight. If overall grade is below mark 3, additional training is required to achieve required level of proficiency. Assessment of candidate should be made as objective test. If certain elements are below standard, additional training session should be oriented on that element, as required.

Non-technical skills (airmanship) should also be assessed.


*Additional space is reserved for assessing of skills upon discretion of instructor.




6.3 PROGRESS TEST 2: BEFORE SKILL TEST

Flight details

Candidate’s Name:

Instructor’s Name




1 Pre-flight documentation, flight planning, NOTAM and weather briefing ① ② ③ ④ ⑤2 Balloon inspection and servicing ① ② ③ ④ ⑤3 Load calculation ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

4 Crowd control, crew and passenger briefings ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

5 Assembly and layout ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

6 Inflation and pre-take-off procedures ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

7 Take-off ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

8 Climb to level flight ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

9 Level flight ① ② ③ ④ ⑤


11 Operating at low level ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

12 Dead reckoning and map reading ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

13 Marking positions and time ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

14 Orientation and airspace structure ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

15 Maintenance of altitude ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

16 Communication with retrieve crew ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

17 Approach from low level, missed approach and fly on ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

18 Pre-landing checks ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

19 Passenger pre-landing briefing ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

20 Selection of landing field ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

21 Landing, dragging and deflation ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

22 Actions after flight ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

23 Simulated closed appendix during take-off and climb ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

24 Simulated parachute or valve failure ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

25 Other abnormal and emergency procedures as outlined in the appropriate flight manual ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

26 Oral questions ① ② ③ ④ ⑤



29 ATC compliance, ground crew communication (if applicable) (during all stages of flight) ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

Overall mark




☐ recommend candidate for BPL skill test flight.


Remarks:


Candidate shall attain at least 3+ overall mark for positive recommendation for BPL skill test. If overall grade is below mark 3, additional training is required to achieve required level of proficiency.

Assessment of candidate should be made as objective test. If certain elements are below standard, additional training session should be oriented on that element, as required.

Non-technical skills should also be assessed.




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