syllabus 2013 · karma – khushwant singh 3. alias jimmy valentine – o henry 4. nobel lecture...
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SYLLABUS 2013(UPGRADED VERSION)
XI - XII
WEST BENGAL COUNCIL OF HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATIONVidyasagar Bhavan, 9/2, Block - DJ, Sector-II, Salt Lake, Kolkata - 700091
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ENGLISH-B (ENGB)
Class - XIFull Marks: 100
LITERATURE: 50 Marks
a) Prose:20 Marksb) Verse: 20 Marksc) Rapid Reader: 10 Marks
LANGUAGE: 30 Marksa) Textual Grammer: 10 Marksb) Writing—10 Marksc) ESP—10 Marks
PROJECT:20 Marks
LITERATURE : 50 MarksProse
1. Leela’s Friend – R.K.Narayan2. Karma – Khushwant Singh3. Alias Jimmy Valentine – O Henry4. Nobel Lecture – Mother Teresa5. Extract from The Place of Art in Education – Nanandalal Bose (Speaking of Art ,Visa-
Bharati-1999edition), (Pages-23 to 26 upto first paragragh ending with…….’accordingto the location’ on page 26)
Verse1. Upon the Westminster Bridge – William Wordswrth2. Meeting at night – Robert Browning3. The Sick Rose - William Blake4. Brotherhood – Octavio Paz5. Daybreak - H W Longfellow
Rapid Reader (Any One)
1. Tales from Shakespeare – Charles Lamb and Mary Lamb (Edited Version) Following Tales: Macbeth, Othello, The Comedy of Errors, As you like it, Twelfth Night
LANGUAGE: 30 Marks
Textual Grammar
Questions will be set on the following grammatical items from the prescribed pieces:Tense, Voice, Group verbs, Preposition, Relative clause, Participle, Gerund.
Writing
Paragraph writing/story writing- 350-400 words
ESP [Newspaper Advertisement /Commercial Leaflet] (10 to 50 words)
Newspaper Advertisement: Job Vacancy, Land, House, Flat purchase and sale, AcademicMatters. Commercial Leaflet: Opening of a showroom/Institution/Training Centre,Launching Tour Programmes by Travel Agency, Discount Sale.
Project (1000-1500 words)
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ENGLISH-B (ENGB)
Class - XIIFull Marks: 100
LITERATURE: 50 Marks
a) Prose;20 Marksb) Verse: 20 Marksc) Drama: 10 Marks
LANGUAGE: 30 Marks
a) Textual Grammar: 10 Marksb) Reading Comprehension—10 Marksc) ESP—10 Marks
PROJECT:20 Marks
LITERATURE : 50 MarksProse1. The Eyes Have It – Ruskin Bond2. Extract from the chapter Orientation from Wings of Fire – APJ Abdul Kalam
(Universities Press-2012 edition) (Chapter I, Page: 3 – 6 upto paragragh endingwith…….’freedom,happiness and peace of mind’ on page 6)
3. Thank You, Ma’am – Langston Hughes4. The Three Questions – Leo Tolstoy
Verse1. On Killing a Tree – Gieve Patel2. Asleep in the Valley – Arthur Rimbaud3. Shall I Compare Thee – William Shakespeare4. The Poetry of Earth – J. Keats
Drama
Charandas Chor – Habib Tanvir for 2015 H.S ExaminationThe Proposal - A chekov from 2016 H.S onwords
LANGUAGE: 30 Marks
Textual GrammarI. Synthesis and splitting of sentencesII. Change of narrationIII. Correction of Errors
Reading ComprehensionUnseen Prose Passage (200-250 words)
ESPPrécis writing/Report writing/Business/Formal letter
Project : (1000-1500 words)
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ECONOMICS (ECON)
Class - XI
Full Marks 100
a. Group A 40
b. Group B 40
c. Project 20
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GROUP-ADEFINITION OF ECONOMICS AND INTRODUCTION TO VARIOUS
CONCEPTS OF ECONOMICS
SECTION1. BASIC ECONOMIC CONCEPTS
Chapter 1. Economics, Scarcity, Choice, Opportunity Cost, Production, Production Possibilities,Factors of Production
Start with students’ prevailing understanding of economics by discussing what students alreadyknow about economics.
Proceed to emphasize that scarcity and choice are basic problems of economicsIntroduce land, labour and capital as three factors of production, and also explain the role ofentrepreneurs.
Proceed to introduce the concept of opportunity costs for making choices by the consumers andproducers to confront scarcity.
Define Economics as a study of Wealth- also as a study of man-man interaction emerging out ofproduction as a man nature interaction
Introduce the concept of production possibilities curve. Explain that a country’s productionpossibilities depend on its available resources and technology.
Chapter 2. Economic Problems, Economic Systems and the Concepts of Development andUnderdevelopment
Introduce the followings :
a. Relative scarcity and the economic problem
b. The three fundamental economic questions every society must address
c. The six broad social goals of efficiency, equity, freedom, growth, security, and stability
d. Private property and market economy-features, merits and demerits
e. Discuss Adam Smith as one of the early free market philosopher
f. State Property and planned economy-features, merits and demerits
g. Discuss socialism and communism
h. Discuss Karl Marx as a philosopher in favour of communism and socialism
i. Mixed economy (with the Indian economy as an illustrative example)- features, merits anddemerits
j. Discuss how different economic systems solve the most important economic questions
k. Common property resources and their uses/abuses (with the Indian economy as an illustrativeexample)
l. Developed economy- Industrialized economy
m. Developing economy- less developed economy-underdeveloped economy
Chapter 3. Demand, Supply, Production, Cost of Production, Markets
Introduce the followings :
a. Utility
b. Diminishing marginal utility
c. Price
d. Demand
e. Law of Demand
f. Demand Schedule
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g. Demand curve
h. Supply
i. Law of Supply
j. Supply Schedule
k. Supply Curve
l. Equilibrium price
m. Equilibrium quantity
n. Market
o. Competitive market
p. Cost
q. Fixed Cost
r. Variable Cost
s. Marginal cost
t. Average cost
Chapter 4. The Role of Government in the Economy
Introduce the followings:
a. Market Failures
b. Regulation of markets
c. Social Cost
d. Private Cost
e. Public Goods
f. Social Investment
g. Private Investment
h. Public Private Partnership
i. Pollution Tax
j. Income Redistribution
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k. Progressive, Regressive Taxes
l. Natural Monopoly
SECTION 2. MACROECONOMIC CONCEPTS
Chapter 5. The Major Macroeconomic Variables: National Income, Consumption, Savings andInvestments, Unemployment, and Inflation
Introduce the followings :
a. Index Number- Price Index Number- Simple average method-Weighted average method
b. Consumption Goods
c. Capital Goods
d. Final Goods
e. Intermediate Goods
f. Stocks and Flows
g. Savings and Investment
h. Depreciation
i. National income
j. Gross Domestic Product
k. Gross National Product
l. Net Domestic Product
m. Net National Product
n. Per capita National Income
o. Nominal Gross Domestic Product (NGDP)
p. Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP)
q. Gross Domestic Product Per Capita (PCGDP)
r. Nominal Gross National Product (NGNP)
s. Real Gross National Product (RGNP)
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t. Gross National Product Per Capita (PCGNP)
u. Inflation Rate
v. CPI used to compute changes in Inflation
w. Unemployment Rate- Seasonal Unemployment- Frictional Unemployment- VoluntaryUnemployment- Involuntary Unemployment
x. Aggregate Expenditure
y. Net Exports
Chapter 6. Growth and Development
Introduce the followings :
a. Economic growth rates- National income based growth indicators
b. Per capita growth rates- Per capita real GNP growth rate-Per capita real GDP growthrate
c. Economic development and underdevelopment- distinction between growth anddevelopment
d. Developed economies- differences among developed economies
e. Underdeveloped economies- differences among the underdeveloped economies
Chapter 7. Explaining Business Cycles
Introduce the followings :
a. Aggregate Demand d. Demand side shocks
b. Aggregate Supply e. The 4 parts of a business cycle
c. Supply side shocks f. Recessions
Chapter 8. Fiscal Policy
Introduce the followings :
a. Taxes- Direct Tax- Indirect Tax- Central Government Taxes and State Government Taxes(In Indian Context)
b. Transfer Payments- Subsidies
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c. Budget-Deficit- Surplus
d. Fiscal deficit-Revenue Deficit
e. Government Expenditure- Expansionary Fiscal Policy- Contractionary Fiscal Policy
f. Public Debt
Chapter 9. Money and Banking
Introduce the followings :
a. Money Supply- Components of Money Supply in an economy
b. Bank- Commercial Bank- Central Bank
c. Non Bank Financial Intermediaries
d. Type of Deposits- Current Deposits- Term Deposits- Savings Deposits- Fixed Deposits-Recurring Deposits
e. Interest Rates- Prime Lending Rates- REPO rate-Reverse Repo Rate
f. Variable Reserve ratio.
SECTION3. MICROECONOMIC CONCEPTS
Chapter 10. Business Organizations
Introduce the followings :
a. Sole proprietor
b. Partnership
c. Corporation
d. Shares and stocks
e. Cooperative
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SECTION4. INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Chapter 11. International Trade, Exchange Rates, Tariff, Quotas
Introduce the followings :
a. International Trade
b. Absolute Advantage
c. Comparative Advantage
d. Gains from trade
e. Specialization
f. Exchange Rates
g. Tariffs
h. Quotas
i. Export Subsidies
j. Trade liberalization
k. Bilateral trade agreements
l. Regional trade agreements
SECTION5. FACTOR MARKETS
Chapter 12. The Basics of Factor Market
Introduce the followings :
a. Total Product
b. Average Product of a Factor
c. Marginal Product of a Factor
d. Total Revenue Product
e. Average Revenue Product
f. Marginal Revenue Product
g. Total Factor Cost
h. Average Factor Cost
i. Marginal Factor Cost
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GROUP B
INDIAN ECONOMY INCLUDING STATISTICAL TOOLS
SECTION.1 STATISTICAL TOOLS
Chapter
1. Statistical Tools for Understanding Indian EconomyData- Collection of Data- Presentation of Data- Graphical- Tabular-FrequencyDistribution-Measures of Central Tendency- Mean, Median, Mode.
SECTION2. INDIAN ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO WEST BENGAL(FEATURES, AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRIES)
Chapter
2. Changing Features of Indian Economy- Sectoral Composition of National Income-Changes over Time during Plan Period- Changes in Demographic Features-Changes in Occupational Patterns- Human Development- Sectoral Compositionof State Domestic Products of West Bengal Economy- Changes in DemographicFeatures of West Bengal- Human Development in West Bengal.
3. Analysis of the Agricultural Economy of India and West Bengal- Role ofAgriculture in India and West Bengal- Cash Crops, Food Crops, MarketableSurplus- Green Revolution in India and West Bengal- Productivity inAgriculture in India and West Bengal- Land Reforms in India and WestBengal-Agricultural Growth in India and West Bengal-Policy of Foodprocurement in India and West Bengal- Public Distribution System- MahatmaGandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act- Economic Reforms inAgriculture.
4. Analysis of the Industrial economy of India and West Bengal- Role ofIndustry in India and West Bengal- Industrial Growth and Stagnation in Indiaand West Bengal- Public Sector, Private Sector, Joint Sector- Role of PublicSector in India and West Bengal- Role of Small Scale Industries in India andWest Bengal- Changes in Industrial Policy during Plan Period- EconomicReforms, New Industrial Policy, Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation-Impact of Economic Reforms on Industries in India and West Bengal.
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5. Indian Economy- A Comparison with Others: Basis of Comparisons: Growth inNational Income, Per Capita Income- Literacy and Education- Population- HealthIndicators- Sectoral Compositions.
India and Pakistan- India and China- India and Japan.
PROJECT
There may be 2 types of Project, one based on Field Works and other based onSecondary Data.
Some suggested Field Works are:
1. Visit to village panchayat for agriculture based project
2. Visit to Village panchayat For data on land holdings, crop patterns, occupationalpatterns, Food procurement.
Suggested Projects on the Basis of Secondary data are:
1. Growth of Industries on the Basis of Annual Survey of Industries
2. Changes in Sectoral Composition of State/ National Income on the basis ofNational Accounts Data, State Domestic Product data.
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ECONOMICS (ECON)
Class - XII
Full Marks 100
a. Group A 50
b. Group B 30
c. Project 20
GROUP - AECONOMIC THEORY
SECTION1. MICROECONOMICS
Chapter
1. Concepts of Function, Curves, Straight line, Slopes (non evaluative part)
2. Demand- Factors determining demand- Demand Function-Demand Schedule- Lawof Demand- Individual Demand- Market Demand- Demand Curve-Change in Demandand Change in Quantity Demanded-Utility- Marginal Utility- Law of diminishing marginalutility- Law of demand- Explanation to the Law of demand- Income Effect- SubstitutionEffect- Exceptions to law of Demand- Inferior Goods-Giffen Goods- Consumer Surplus
3. Concept of Elasticity- Elasticity of Demand- Price, Income, Cross- Factors AffectingElasticity of Demand- Measurement of Elasticity of Demand- Arc, Point- Unitary,Elastic, Inelastic, Perfectly elastic, Completely Inelastic Demand Curves- Implicationsof Elasticity.
4. Production Function- Short Run- Long Run- Law of variable Proportions- Returns toScale- Economies, Diseconomies-Shapes of Average Product, Total Product andMarginal Product curves- Relationships among Those.
5. Cost of Production- Long Run- Short Run- Cost Curves- Relationships among AC,AVC, MC, AFC , TC, TVC, TFC- Interrelationship between Short Run Production and
Short Run Cost- Relationship between short run and Long run Costs- Derivation ofLong Run Cost Curves from Short Run Cost Curves.
6. Revenue- Total –Average- Marginal- Relationships among them- Relationship betweenAR MR and E- Revenue Under Variable Price and Fixed Price Situation.
7. Profit Maximization- Producers equilibrium- Shut down condition.
8. Supply- Supply function- Determinants of Supply- Law of Supply- Individual SupplyCurve- Market Supply Curve- Elasticity of Supply- Change in Supply and Change inquantity supplied- Supply curve of an individual Firm in case of Fixed Price Situation.
9. Different types of market- Perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition,oligopoly, duopoly, price discrimination, bilateral monopoly, and monophony.
10. Market Equilibrium under Perfect CompetitionCharacteristics of Perfect Competition- Firm as a Price taker- Conformity with FixedPrice Situation- Price Determination- Interaction between Market Demand and marketSupply-Equilibrium of a Firm- Short Run- Shut down Point- Supply Curve-SupplyCurve of Industry-Long Run equilibrium- Normal Profit.
11. Equilibrium under Monopoly.
12. Cost Determined PricingMark Up-Arbitrage.
13. Factor Market-Land market- Rent- Ricardian Theory- Modern Theory-Labour- Labour Demand Curve-Labour Supply Curve-Marginal Productivity Theory of Distribution-Capital- LiquidityPreference theory of interest.
SECTION2. MACROECONOMICS
Chapter
14. National Income and Related AggregatesCircular Flow of Income- Calculation of National Income- Value Added or productmethod, Expenditure method- Income method.
15. Determination of Income and Employment
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Keynesian Approach- Aggregate Demand and its Components-Consumption andConsumption Function- Propensity to consume- Savings and Savings Function-Propensity to Save- Equilibrium level of Income- Investment MultiplierConcept of Full Employment-Problem of deficient demand- Excess Demand – Inflation-Demand Pull- Cost Push
16. Money and BankingFunctions of Commercial Banks- Creation of Money or Credit or Deposit byCommercial Bank- Credit/Deposit/ Money MultiplierFunctions of Central bank- Credit Control Tools and Methods of Credit Control
17. Fiscal PolicyExpansionary Fiscal Policy- Government Expenditure MultiplierDeficit Financing.Recession- Fiscal Policy to Correct RecessionInflation- Fiscal Policy to Correct Inflationary Pressure.
18. International Trade and Balance of PaymentsBalance of Trade- Surplus- Deficit- Balance of Payments- Current Account- Capitalaccount- Unilateral Transfer- Deficit BOP- Method to Correct Imbalance in BOP-Foreign Exchange Rate- Flexible Exchange Rate- Floating Exchange rate-ManagedFloating Exchange rates.
GROUP B
INDIAN ECONOMY INCLUDING STATISTICAL TOOLS
SECTION1. STATISTICAL TOOLS
1. Measures of dispersion- Range- Standard Deviation- Lorenz Curve- Gini Coefficient
SECTION 2.INDIAN ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO WEST BENGAL(Poverty, Inequality, Unemployment and Financial Sector)
2. Poverty, Inequality and Unemployment in Indian Economy- Measures and Extent ofInequality- Policies regarding inequality- Different Measures of Poverty- Poverty situationin India and West Bengal- Government efforts to combat poverty- PrevailingUnemployment Situation in India and West Bengal- Different Unemployment reducingProgramme- Impact of Economic Reforms.
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3. Impact of Economic Reforms on Banking, Insurance and International Trade- BankingSector reforms- Private Initiatives in Insurance and Insurance Regulatory andDevelopment Authority- GATT, WTO, TRIPS and TRIMS- Trade Liberalisation in India.
PROJECT (20 marks)
There may be 2 types of Project, one based on Field Works and other based onSecondary Data.
Some suggested Field Works are:
1. Survey on Unemployment Situation in a Locality.
2. Survey of Poor People to Understand the Impact of Poverty.
3. Survey of Households to Assess the Impact of Private Banks/ Public SectorBanks.
Suggested Projects on the Basis of Secondary data are:
1. Unemployment Situation on the Basis of NSSO Data.
2. Expansion of Banking Sector on the Basis of RBI Data.
3. Export Import on the Basis of Foreign Trade Data.
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MATHEMATICS (MATH)
Class - Xl
Full Marks: 100
Units Title Marks
I. SETS AND FUNCTIONS 18
II. ALGEBRA 25
III. COORDINATE GEOMETRY l7
IV. CALCULUS 08
V. MATHEMATICAL REASONING 04
VI. STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 08
TOTAL 80
144
UNIT-I : SETS AND FUNCTIONS
1. Sets :
Sets and their representations. Empty set. Finite & Infinite sets. Equal sets. Subsets. Subsets ofthe set of real numbers especially intervals (with notations). Power set. Universal Set.
Venn diagrams. Union and Intersection of sets. Difference of sets. Complement of a set. Propertiesof Complement sets.
2. Relations & Functions
Ordered pairs, Cartesian product of sets. Number of elements in the cartesian product of twofinite sets. Cartesian product of the reals with itself (upto Rx Rx R). Definition of relation, pictorialdiagrams, domain codomain and range of a relation. Function as a special kind of relation from
one set to another. Pictorial representation of a function, domain, co-domain & range of a function.Real valued function of the real variable, domain and range of these functions, constant, identity,polynomial, rational, modulus, signum and greatest integer functions with their graphs. Sum,difference, product and quotients of functions.
3. Trigonometric Functions :
Positive and negative angles. Measuring angles in radians and in degrees and conversion fromone measure to another. Definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle. Truth ofthe identity Sin2X + Cos2X = 1, for all X. Signs of trigonometric functions and sketch of theirgraphs. Expressing Sin (X Y) in terms of Sin x, Sin y, Cos x & Cos y. Deducing the identities likeit following :
tan (x y) = , Cot (x y) =
Sin x + Sin y = 2 Six Cos , Cos x + Cos y = 2 Cos Cos
Sin x - Sin y = 2 Cos Sin , Cos x - Cos y = 2 Sin Sin
tan x tan y1 tan x tan y
Cot x Cot y 1Cot y Cot x
x-y2
x+y2
x-y2
x+y2
x-y2
x+y2
x-y2
x+y2
Identities related to sin2x, cos2x, tan2x, sin3x, cos3x and tan 3x. General solution of trigonometricequations of the type sinθ = sinα, cosθ = cosα and tanθ = tanα.Prcof and simple application of sine and cosine rules only.
UNIT-II : ALGEBRA
1. Principle of Mathematical Induction:
Process of the proof by induction, motivating the application of the method by looking at naturalnumbers as the least inductive subset of real numbers. The principle of mathematical inductionand simple applications
2. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations:
Need for complex numbers, especially -1, to be motivated by inability to solve every quadraticequation. Brief description of algebraic properties of complex numbers. Argand plane and polarrepresentation of complex numbers.
Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, solution of quadratic equations in the complexnumber system.
Square-root of a complex number, Cube roots of unity and their properties.
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3. Linear Inequalities:
Linear inequalities. Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable and their representationon the number line. Graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables.
Solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables - graphically. Inequalities involvingmodulus function.
4. Permutations & Combinations:
Fundamental Principle of counting. Factorial n. (n!) Permutations and combinations, derivationof formulae and their connections, simple applications.
5. Binomial Theorem:
History, statement and proof of the binomial theorem for positive integral indices. Pascal's triangle,General and middle term in binomial expansion, simple applications.
6. Sequence and Series :
Sequence and Series. Arithmetic progression (A.P.), arithmetic mean (A.M.), Geometricprogression (G.P.), general term of G.P., sum of n terms of a G.P., geometric mean (G.M.),relation between A.M. and G.M. Arithmetic/geometric series, infinite G.P. and its sum, Sum to nterms of the special series Σn, Σn2 and Σn3.
UNIT-III : COORDINATE GEOMETRY
1. Straight Lines:
Brief recall of 2D from earlier classes. Shifting of origin. Slope of a line and angle between twolines. Various forms of equations of a line : parallel to axes, point-slope form, slope-interceptform, two-point form, intercept form and normal form. General equation of a line. Equation offamily of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines. Distance of a point from aline.
2. Conic Sections:
Sections of a cone: circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, a point, a straight line and pair of intersectinglines as a degenerated case of a conic section.
Standard equation of a circle; General equation of a circle; Standard equations and simpleproperties of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. Introduction of directix of an ellipse and hyperbola.
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3. Introduction to Three - dimensional Geometry:
Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three dimensions. Coordinates of a point.
Distance between two points and section formula.
UNIT-IV : CALCULUS
1. Limits and Derivatives:
Derivative introduced as rate of change both as that of distance function and geometrically,intuitive idea of limit. Definition of derivative, relate it to slope of tangent of the curve, derivativeof sum, difference, product and quotient of functions. Derivatives of polynomial and trigonometricfunctions.
UNIT-V : MATHEMATICAL REASONING
1. Mathematical Reasoning:
Mathematically acceptable statements. Connecting words / phrases consolidating theunderstanding of "if and only if (necessary and sufficient) condition", "implies", "and/or", "impliedby", "and", "or", "there exists" and their use through variety of examples related to real life andMathematics. Validating the statements involving the connecting words difference betweencontradiction, converse and contrapositive.
UNIT-VI : STATISTICS & PROBABILITY
1. Statistics:
Measure of dispersion; mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/groupeddata. Analysis of frequency distributions with equal means but different variances.
2. Probability:
Random experiments outcomes, sample spaces (set representation). Events: occurrence of events,'not', 'and' and 'or' events, exhaustive events, mutually exclusive events Axiomatic (set theoretic)probability, connections with the theories of earlier classes. Probability of an event, probability of'not', 'and' & 'or' events.
Project : 20 Marks
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MATHEMATICS (MATH)
Class - XlI
Full Marks: 100
I. RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS 08
II. ALGEBRA 11
III. CALCULUS 36
IV. VECTORS AND THREE - DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 13
V. LINEAR PROGRAMMING 04
VI. PROBABILITY 08
TOTAL 80
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UNIT-I : RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
1. Relations and Functions:
Types of relations : reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one andonto functions, composite functions, inverse of a function. Binary operations.
2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions:
Definition, range, domain, principal value branches. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions.Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions.
UNIT-II : ALGEBRA
1. Matrices:
Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetricand skew symmetric matrices. Addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication of matrices, simple
properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non-commutativity of multiplicationof matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict tosquare matrices of order 2). Concept of elementary row and column operations. Invertible matricesand proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists; (Here all matrices will have real entries).
2. Determinants:
Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), properties of determinants, minors, cofactorsand applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle.
Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions ofsystem of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three variables(having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix. Cramer's Rule and its applications.
UNIT-III : CALCULUS
1. Continuity and Differentiability:
Continuity and differentialiabity, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivates of inversetrigonometric functions, derivate of implicit functions, concept of exponential and logarithmicfunctions to the base e. Logarithmic functions as inverse of exponential functions.
lim 1/x, lim 1/x, lim (1+1/x)x, lim (1+x)1/x, lim log(1+x), lim ex-1x->0 x-> à x-> à x->0 x->0 x x->0 x
Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative offunctions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives. Rolle's and Lagranges'sMean value theorems (without proof) and their geometric interpretation and simple applications.
2. Applications of Derivatives:
Applications of derivatives: rate of change, increasing/decreasing functions, tangents and normals,approximation, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and secondderivative test given as a provable tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles andunderstanding of the subject as well as real-life situations),
3. Integrals:
Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution,by partial fractions and by parts, only simple integrals of the type to be evaluated.
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Definite integrals as a limit of a sum. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basicproperties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals.
4. Applications of the Integrals:
Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, areas of circles/parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only), Area under the curve y=sin x, y=cos x, area between the twoabove said curves (the region should be clearly identifiable)
5. Differential Equations:
Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Formationof differential equation whose general solution is given.
Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, homogeneous, differentialequations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type:
dy + py = q, where p and q are functions of x anddx
dx + px = q, where p and q are function of ydy
UNIT-IV : VECTORS AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
1. Vectors:
Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines/ratios of vectors.Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), Position vector of a point,negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by aScalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Scalar (dot) product ofvectors, projection of a vector on a line. Vector (cross) product of vectors.
Scalor triple product.
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2. Three - dimensional Geometry:
Direction cosines/ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian and vector equation of a line,coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation ofa plane. Angle between (i) two lines (ii) two planes (iii) a line and a plane. Distance of a point froma plane.
UNIT-V : LINEAR PROGRAMMING
1. Linear Programming:
Introduction, definition of related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization,different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems, mathematical formulation of L.P. problems,graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions, feasibleand infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints).
UNIT-VI : PROBABILITY
1. Probability:
Multiplication theorem on probability Conditional probability, independent events, total probability,Baye's theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution mean and variance of randomvariable. Repeated independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial distribution.
Project : 20 Marks
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COMPUTER APPLICATION (COMA)
Class - XIFull Marks 100
THEORY - 70 MarksPRACTICAL - 30 Marks
A. Brief Review of Computer Systems(40 Marks)
i) Evolution of Computers and Computer Organization :
Evolution of Computerso Abacus, Napier’s Bone, Pascaline, The Babbage Machineo Stored Program Concept, Von Neumann Concept / Architecture
Computer Hardware Generationso First, Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Generation of Computers;o Components, Advantages, Disadvantages
Concept of Circuit Integrationo SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI, ULSI
Classification of Computerso Analogue, Digital, Hybrid Computerso Mainframe and Super Computero Mini, Micro, Laptop Computer
Computers in Modern Society
Concept of Data and Information, Data Processing
Brief description of each functional block of a computero Block Diagram of a Computer Systemo Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Touch Screen, OMR, OCR, MICR,
Graphic Tablet, Barcode Reader, Light Pen, Microphone, Joystick)o Output Devices
Monitor – CRT, LCD
Printer – Impact Printers (Dot Matrix Printer), Non-Impact Printers(Inkjet Printer, Laser Printer)Plotter
o Central Processing Unit : CU, ALUo Storage Devices
Primary Memory : RAM (DRAM, SRAM), ROM (PROM, EPROM,EEPROM, UVPROM)Secondary Memory : Magnetic Media (HDD, FDD), Optical Media(CD, DVD, Blue-Ray Disk)Cache MemoryFlash Memory
o Communication BusSystem Bus – Address Bus, Data Bus, Control Bus, Power Bus
ii) Data Representation :
Number Systemso Concept of Non-Positional Number System
Roman Number Systemo Concept of Positional Number System
Decimal, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal Number Systemo Conversion
Inter-conversion between Decimal, Binary, Octal and HexadecimalNumbers (Whole numbers and Fractions, using Double Add and HalfAdd Methods)
o ArithmeticAddition, Subtraction – Decimal, Binary, Octal and HexadecimalNumbersMultiplication, Division – Binary Number System only
o Different methods of Negative Number RepresentationSigned MagnitudeOne’s ComplementTwo’s Complement
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Subtraction using Complements (1’s, 2’s complement)
Various Binary Coding Schemeso BCDo EBCDICo ASCIIo ISCII
Concept of Fixed and Floating Point Numberso Difference between fixed and floating point numbers
Bit map representation of images
Concept of Multimedia
iii) Boolean Algebra
Definition and postulates.Boolean operations – OR, AND, NOTProof using identities and truth tablesDe’ Morgan’s Theorems and Basic Principle of DualityDeriving truth table from Boolean expression and vice versaSOP and POS Expressions (Minterm and Maxterm expressions)Canonical form of Boolean expressions and their complementsSimplifications
B. Software and Languages(10 Marks)
Definition of SoftwareProgramming Languages : Concepts of High Level, Low Level and Assembly languageTypes of Software
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System SoftwareTranslator – compiler, interpreter, assemblerOperating systems:
Definition and FunctionTypes of OS – Single User, Multi-user, Multiprogramming,Multiprocessing, Time SharingBooting (cold and warm), Spooling, Buffering, Concept of VirtualMemoryDirectory and file Structure, Path and PathnameConcept of GUI, CUI with examplesUsing MS DOS (Commands and their use – DIR, MD, RD, CD,COPY, CON, MOVE, REN, DEL, TYPE, MORE, ATTRIB, EDIT,DATE, TIME, CLS)Using MS Windows OS
Application Software (definition and example)Utility Software (definition and example)
C. Programming using Visual Basic(10 Marks)
Introduction to Visual Basic (Version 6 or compatible)Getting familiar with VB user interface
o Standard exe, pull-down menus, toolbar, toolbox, project explorer, propertieswindow, form layout window, form immediate window, opening and closingwindows, resizing and moving windows, quitting VB
VB Tool Boxo Standard window controls, label, textbox, command-button, frame, check-
box, option-button, list-box, combo-box, picture box, timer control, shapeso Basic properties of controls
Programming Fundamentalso Date types in VB (integer, long, single, double, currency, string)o Variable and Constants
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o Input / Output operationso Control Statements
Branching: If-Then-Else, SwitchLooping: For-Next, While, Do-While
Simple problem solving
D. Word Processing using MS Word (MS Office 2007 or compatible)
(05 Marks)
Introduction to Word Processing
Creating, Opening, Editing and Saving a document
Copy, Cut, Paste operations
Page Setup, Headers and Footers
Formatting Texts, Paragraph, Page Borders
Inserting Clip-Art, Word-Art, Auto-Shapes, Picture, Symbol, Equation
Table insertion
Mail Merge
Macros
Spelling and Grammar check
Printer Setup and Document Printing
E. Power Point Presentation using MS Word (MS Office 2007 or compatible)
(05 Marks)
Introduction of Power Point
Creating, Opening, Editing and Saving a PowerPoint presentation
Use of Wizards
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Different styles and background
Formatting Texts
Inserting Clip-Art, Word-Art, Auto-Shapes, Picture
Applying slide-transition, applying animation to text and objects
Inserting sound and video-clips
Slide Show
Printing of slides
F. Practical(30 Marks)
One program on Visual Basic (10 Marks)
Laboratory Copy (Minimum 10 programs) (5 Marks)
(Suggestive programs on VB are given below)
o To display a message using Label, Textbook, Message Dialogue
o To concatenate two text entries and display
o To perform a simple arithmetic operation (+,-,*,/) and display the result in messagedialogue or textbox
o To make simple decision making (IF statement) solution and display relevantmessage (example: problems related to eligibility for a given value of age, profit/loss messages for given values of cost price and sale price, grade display forgiven values of marks of students etc.)
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o To create a simple GUI application to perform both arithmetic and logicaloperations together (Total, Average, Grade calculation of given set of marks,salary calculations on different criteria)
o To create a simple GUI application to perform an operation based on the criteriainput by the user in a checkbox/radio button
(ex1: Find the discount of an item on the basis of category of item [electricalappliance / electronic gadget/stationery specified using a radio button] and itscost [below 1000/above 1000/equal 1000 specified using radio button])
(ex2: Calculate the incentive of a sales person on the basis of his sales amount,customer feedback, count of customer specified using checkbox)
o To create a simple GUI application to change the properties of a control basedon the selection made by the user.
(ex1: To change the background/foreground colour of any of the controls of theform based on the colour selected from a list)
(ex2: To change the background/foreground colour of a label based on the valuesinput/stored in a combo-box)
Use of MS Word – Same features as in Theory part (5 Marks)
Use of PowerPoint – Same features as in Theory part (5 Marks)
Viva Voce (5 Marks)
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186
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187
COMPUTER APPLICATION (COMA)
Class - XIIFull Marks 100
Theory Marks 70Practical Marks - 30
A. Logic Gate and Combination Circuits (15 marks)Logic Gates – OR, AND, NOT, XOR, X-NOR GatesUniversal Gates – NAND and NOR GateBasic gates using Universal GatesTwo Level CircuitsCombinational Circuits:o Half Adder & Full Adder (definition and representation)o Full Adder using Half Adders onlyo Half Subtractor & Full Subtractor (definition and representation)o 4 bit Adder and Subtractor Circuito Multiplexer (4x1) and De-multiplexer (1x4)o Decoder (Maximum 3 bits), and Encoder (Decimal to Binary, Octal to Binary)
B. Networking (20 marks)
Introduction to Networking (Definition, Advantage, Disadvantage, Application)o Analogue and Digital Communicationo Modes of Communication : Simplex, Half Duplex and Full Duplex Communicationo Types of Network – LAN, MAN, WANo Network Architecture : Client Server & Peer-to-Peer Networkso Serial and Parallel Communicationo Bandwidth, Channel Capacity, Baudo Synchronous and Asynchronous Transmission Modeso Baseband and Broadband Networks
Components of a Networko Servers (File server, Communication Server, Print Server) and Workstationo NICo Guided Media
Cables – UTP, STP, Co-axial, Fibre Optico Unguided Media
Infrared, Radio & Microwave Communication, Satelliteo Network Operating System – Characteristics
Network Topologies -o Buso Ringo Star
Network Connecting Devices –o Hubo Repeatero Bridgeo Switcho Routero Gateways
LAN Protocolso Ethernet (CSMA / CD) and Token Ring Protocol
Switching Techniqueo Circuit, Message and Packet Switching
Use of MODEM
TCP / IP Protocols - TCP, IP, UDP, FTP, HTTP, TELNET
IP Addressingo Class A, Class B, Class C IP address
Domain Name System
URL
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Introduction to Interneto Basic requirement for connecting to the Internet, ISPo Services provided by Internet – www, browser, e-mail, search engine, social
networkingo Networking Security – Computer Virus, Concept of Firewall, Password
HTMLo Basic Page Design, Using Ordered and Unordered Lists, Using Image,
Hyperlinking, Using Tables
C. Database Management System (15 marks)
Introduction of Database :o Definition of Databaseo Advantage and disadvantages of DBMSo Database Languages (DDL, DML, DCL)o Data Dictionary, Metadatao Database Schema and Instanceo DBMS and its componentso Various Data Models – ER Model, Hierarchical Model, Network Model, Relational
Model (only concepts)o Different Database Userso Functions of DBA
Relational Modelo Concept of Relation, Topple, Attribute, Domain, Degree, Cardinalityo Concept of Keys – Key, Super Key, Candidate Key, Primary Key, Alternate Keyo Concept of Relationships – 1:1, 1:N, N:M relationshipso Database Constraints – Equity Integrity Constraint, Domain Constraint,
Referential Integrity Constraint and Concept of Foreign Key
Relational Algebrao Selection Operationo Projection Operationo Set Operationo Cartesian Producto Natural Join Operation
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SQLo Simple SELECT Queries (SELECT, FROM, WHERE, DISTINCT, AND, OR, IN,
NOT IN, BETWEEN, LIKE, ORDER BY)
D. Introduction to Spread Sheet – (MS Office 2007 or compatible) (10 marks)Introduction to ExcelConcept of Workbook, Worksheet, Row, Column, CellCreating Opening, Editing, Saving a WorkbookChanging Row and Column widthsFormatting cellsDifferent data types in ExcelEntering labels and valuesUse of following inbuilt functions only – SUM, PRODUCT, AVERAGE, MAX, MIN,ROUND, COUNT, COUNTIF, IF, AND, OR, NOT, DATE, TIME, NOW,CONCATENATE, UPPER, LOWERCopying Cells – Relative, Absolute and Mixed ReferencingMaking calculations and re-calculationsAuto fill, Fill with seriesConditional FormattingSorting and Filtering Data (use of Auto Filter)Goal SeekHiding Rows and ColumnsUse of MacrosCreating Line Diagrams, Pie Charts, Bar Graphs
E. Using MS Access (MS Office 2007 or compatible) (10 marks)Introduction to AccessTable creating using Design View and WizardDifferent data types in AccessManipulation of data using Access facilities – Inserting, Updating, Deleting dataCreating Relationships between TablesForm creation using Wizard, Auto FormQuery generation using Design ViewReport generation using Wizard, Auto Report
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190
F. Practical (30 marks)
Using MS Excel and Access (10 marks)
Web Page design using HTML (5 marks)
Project Work (two projects) (10 marks)o Suggestive Topics:
Application of Excel:
Using Excel creation of Mark Sheet, Balance Sheet, Monthly / Yearly Expenditure,Reports
Web page designing using HTML (minimum 5 linked pages)Travel and TourismFestivalsBook CataloguePollution and pollution control
Viva Voce (5 marks)
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191
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212
GEOGRAPHY (GEGR)
Class - XIFull Marks: 100
Theory: 70 and Practical: 30
THEORY
A. Physical Geography. 40 Marks
B. Economic Geography. 30 Marks
A. Physical Geography.
1. Geography as a Discipline.• Branches of Geography.• Future Scope of Branches of Geography.
2. Principles of Physical Geography.• Origin of Earth (Explanation of a Classical Theory).• Interior of the Earth.• Concept and definition of Isostasy.• Seafloor spreading, drifting of Continents, Plate Tectonic and Island Arc.
3. Geomorphic Processes and Resultant Landforms.• Definition and types of Geomorphic Processes.• Endogenic Processes Resultant Landforms.
i) Folding:• Mechanism of Folding.• Structural Elements of Fold.• Types of Fold: * Symmetrical Fold, *Asymmetrical Fold,
* Isoclinal Fold, * Monoclinal Fold,* Recumbent Fold, * Over thrust Fold,* Fan Fold.
ii) Faulting:• Mechanism of Faulting.• Structural Elements of Faulting.• Types of Faulting: * Normal Fault, * Reverse Fault,
* Thrust Fault, * Step Fault
iii) Volcanicity and Associated Landforms:
• Definition and concept of Volcanicity.• Causes of Volcanicity.• Types of Volcanicity.• Associated Landforms of Volcanicity: Extrusive and Intrusive.• Concept of Volcano.• Different parts of Volcano.• Different types of volcanoes according to frequency of eruption.• Distribution of World Volcanoes with special reference to Pacific Ring of
Fire.
iv) Earthquake:
• Concept and Definition of Earthquake.• Types of Seismic Waves.• Measuring Instruments and Scale.• Isoseismal and Homoseismal Line.• Causes of Earthquake (Examples from India).• Effects of Earthquake (Examples from India).• Distribution of Earthquake prone Zone.• Seaquakes and Tsunamis.• Prediction of Earthquake.
4. Hydrosphere.
i) Topography of Ocean floor:
• Major 4 divisions and others types of Ocean floor topography.• Topography of Ocean Floor:
• Pacific Ocean,• Atlantic Ocean• Indian Ocean.
ii) Ocean Deposits:
• Classification of Ocean Deposits according to origin and location.• Importance of Marine Resources:
• Mineral resources.• Food Resources.
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• Power Resources (Tidal, Wave, Sea thermal)iii) Temperature, Salinity and Density of Ocean Water:
Temperature:• Importance of Temperature of Ocean Water.• Process of Heating and Cooling of Ocean Water.• Factors of Temperature Variation of Ocean Water.• Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Ocean Water Temperature.
Salinity:• Concept and importance of Salinity.• Causes of Salinity of Ocean Water.• Distribution of Salinity of Ocean Water.
Density:• Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Density of Ocean Water.
iv) Ocean Currents:
• Concept and Causes of Ocean Currents.• Distribution of Ocean Currents in the Pacific Ocean.• Distribution of Ocean Currents in the Atlantic Ocean.• Distribution of Ocean Currents in the Indian Ocean.• Importance of Ocean Currents.
5. Biosphere.
• Nature and Extent of Biosphere.• Components of Biosphere.• Concept of Ecosystem.• Types of Ecosystem.• Components of Ecosystem.• Concept of Tropic Level (Food Pyramid).• Food Web.• Energy Flow (Energy Pyramid in Ecosystem).
B. Economic Geography.
1. Resource.• Concept and Definition of Resource.• Characteristics of Resource.
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• Classification of Resource.• Resource Creating Factors (Man, Nature, Culture)
2. Utilization of World Resources.
Biotic Resource:i) Forest.
• Types of Forests with special emphasizes on Temperate Forest,Equatorial Forest, Mangrove Forest, Grassland.
• Forest Resources and their Conservation.
ii) Fishing.
• Concept of Fishing.• Fishing Ground.• Factors behind the development of Fishing Ground.• Types of Fish.• Methods of Fishing.• Areas of Fishing with special reference to India, Japan and Bangladesh.• Development of Ports and Markets depending upon Fishing.• Fish Conservation.• Recent Fisheries Policy of India.
iii) Land use Pattern.
• Land use Pattern of USA and Canada.• Land use Pattern of China, Japan and Korea.• Land use Pattern of Brazil, Chili and Argentina.• Land use Pattern of Ukraine and Netherlands.• Land use Pattern of South Africa.• Land use Pattern of Australia, New Zealand and Tasmania.
iv) Water Resource: Irrigation and Water Preservation.
• Techniques of Irrigation.• Use and Misuse of Water in Irrigation.• Dangers of Over-watering.• Conservation of Water Resources and Watershed Management.• Irrigation of India, Pakistan and Egypt.• Alternative Methods of Irrigation.
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v) Mineral and Power Resources.
• Types of Mineral Resources.
• World Distribution of Iron Ore, Copper, Manganese, Mica, Petroleumand Natural Gas, Coal, Uranium and Thorium.
• Types of Power Resource: Conventional and Non-conventional.• Types of Energy: Thermal, Hydroelectric and Nuclear Energy.• World Distribution of – Hydroelectric: Canada and Scandinavian
Countries.Thermal: India in World Respect.Nuclear: Main Leading Countries.
• Non-conventional Energy: Solar Energy, Tidal Energy, Sea WaveEnergy, Geothermal Energy, Wind Energy, Biogas Energy, Waste-garbage recycling Energy and others.
• Conservation of Natural Resources – Need and Method.
vi) Map Works: Showing World Distribution of Resources.
Practical
30 marks
1) Maps & Scalesa) Draw a linear scale with given R.F. (4 marks)b) One short answer type question from maps related portion. (1 mark)
2) Cartogramsa) Draw a cartograms with the help of given data. (4 marks)b) One short answer type question from this chaper. (1 mark)
3) Weather Instrumentsa) Observation of reading of any one out of two weather instruments and write down in
a proper table. (4 marks)b) One short answer type question from instrument oriented chaper (1 mark)
4) Interpretation of Weather map & Rainfall & Temperature Graph.a) Interpretation of any item (pressure, wind, cloudiness. rainfall etc.)
Co-relation between any two items (pressure, wind, cloudiness, rainfall) (4 marks)
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b) Identification of climate type from given rainfall - temperature graph. (1 mark)
OR
a) Draw a rainfall - temperature graph from given data and identify the climate type.(4 marks)
b) Identification of any one weather symbol (1 mark)
5) Field study & viva. (3+2=5 marks)
6) Laboratory Note Book. (3+2=5 marks)
SYLLABUS
217
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218
GEOGRAPHY (GEGR)
Class - XIIFull Marks: 100
A. Physical Geography 35 Marks B. Economic Geography 35 MarksA. Physical Geography 1. (a) Geomorphic Processes – Exogenous Processes and associated landforms
2 periods
• Gradation• Degradation• Aggradations very short Chart No. - 1• Weathering• Agents of Gradation
(b) Work of Ground water and associated landformsDefinition of Ground waterWater table,
Acquifers, Springs, Process of erosion by groundwater solution, corrosion, Karst Topography– Sink holes, dolines, caves, caveras, Karst lakes, depositional features: stalactites,stalagmites, cavepillars, dripstones their formation Diagrams and Examples from India,Australia & Yugoslavia
(c) Marine Processes and associated landforms :Erosional Process of sea wave – abrasion, attrition, solution and hydraulic action; coastlineand shoreline, erosional features; sea-cliffs, sea caves, stacks and depositional land forms.e.g. bays, bars and lagoons. Coral reefs : types – fringing, barrier and atolls; submerged andemergent coastlines.Diagrams and Example from India, Australia and West Europe. (Wherever relevant)[Note : Only diagram based questions will be asked]
2. Cycle of Erosion: Mechanism & Processes.a) Normal cycleb) Arid cyclec) Interruption of Fluvial cycle
Rejuvenation and resultant landforms
3. Drainage Pattern:Classification and characteristicsRelation with underlying structure
4. SoilIntroduction & DefinitionGenesis of soilFactors of soil formationSoil forming process: Fundamental & specific with special reference to fundamental(Weathering, Illuviation, Elluviation, Humification)Soil profileProperties of soilSoil Fertility and Plant NutritionSoil classification (U.S.D.A. classification)
(By chart)Soil Degradation & Conservation
5. Atmosphere
A. Atmospheric disturbancesCyclone – mechanism of cyclone Cyclone of tropical zones Cyclone of temperate zones
Anticyclones – their types and associated weather World Map showing major paths of cyclone Modern concepts of weather circulation, Jet Stream, EI Nino, La Nina Concepts to be introduced with reference to India
B. Climate Change Climatic classification (Equatorial Monsoon, Mediterranean, climatic regions of the world)Climate & Vegetation Influence of climate on Natural vegetation Classification of plants (According E. Warming)
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Climate Change Causes of climatic change Role of Human Being on World climatic change Ozone Depletion Green House Effect Global Warming Evidence of climatic change
6. Biodiversity Definition Types of Biodiversity Loss of Biodiversity Importance of Biodiversity Significance of conservation of Biodiversity Biodiversity & Man Strategies of conservation of Biodiversity
7. Man Environment InteractionA. Natural Hazard & Disasters
Definition and difference Classification of Natural Disaster Measures of Disaster Pre Disaster Post Disaster Mitigation Strategies
B. Economic Geography
1. Economic Activitiesa) Primaryb) Secondaryc) Tertiaryd) Quaternarye) Quinary
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a) Primary Activity: Agriculturei) Types of agriculture
Wet and dryCrop Rotation and Crop CombinationIntensity of croppingModern inputs in agricultureTechnological Shifting – from subsistence to commercial agricultureGreen Revolution, White Revolution & Blue Revolution
ii) Food Grains : Rice (China / India)Wheat (leading two countries)Pulses & Millets (India)
iii) Commercial & Industrial CropsCoffee – (South India)Tea – (Sri Lanka)Cotton – (Egypt, Pakistan)Sugarcane –Jute - (Bangladesh)Oil Seed – (India Ground Nut & Soya bean)Coconut – (Sri Lanka)
Importance of Market Gardening and Orchard FarmingReasons and trends in development in recent yearSpecial Emphasize on Mediterranean countriesSpecial Ref. of India regarding market gardening
b) Secondary Activities: Industry
Factors of Growth of Industrial Location (Theories of Industrial Location) Major and minor industrial regions of the World Types of industries –
A) Agro based – i) Food Processing Industry (Developed countries) In comparison to India ii) Cotton Textile (U.S.A., India) iii) Ready-made Garments (India & World) iv) New Trend in Jute Industry (Bangladesh, India)
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B) Forest Based Paper Industry (Canada, India) Rubber Industry (Malaysia, Brazil)
C) Mineral Based – Metal – Iron & Steel (China, Japan, India) Non metal – Petrochemical (U.S.A., India)
D) Engineering and Automobiles (U.S.A., India)
c) Tertiary Activities Definition Classification: Trade, Transport, Communication, Services, Tourism.
d) Quaternary ActivitiesInformation BasedR & D (Research & Development) Based
e) Quinary Activities Specialist Decision makers Consultants Policy formulators
C. Population & Settlement Density of population Man – Land Ratio, over population, under population, optimum-population Present Trend of population growth of World with special reference to India. Impact of Migration on distribution (worldwide) of population Determinants of population change: Age-Sex Ratio Causes of uneven distribution of population Demographic Transition Model: Present status of India Settlement: Types: Rural, Urban Types of Rural Settlement Factors determining the types of rural settlement Distribution of rural settlement in India Classification of Urban settlement based on size and functions Urbanization in India
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D. Regional Economic Development Definition of Development Planning Regions Hierarchy of Planning Regions Special Reference to India a) Chhatishgarh
b) Electronic Industry – Bangalore c) Growth of Haldia Port
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223
SYLLABUS
GEOGRAPHY (GEGR)
Practical Marks: 30
1)a) Drawing of cross-section to show topographical features (2+1=3 marks)b) Interpretation of co-relation of different physical and cultural elements. (4 marks)c) Any question related to topographical maps (1mark)
2)a) Calculation and drawing graticules of any one of the two projections (2+3=5 marks)b) Any conceptual question from the given map projections (1 mark)
3)a) Any Question related to statistical portion (1 mark)b) Graphical representation of data through histogram / frequency polygon / Ogive
Tabulation ................................... 2 marksDiagrammatic Representation ..... 3 marks
OR
b) Measures of Central tendency / Standard Deviation / Coefficient of Variation (5 marks)
4) Project Work (any one ) (5 Marks)
• must be handwritten
• not more than 10 pages of A4 size including diagrams.
5) Laboratory Note Book and Viva voce (3+2=5 marks)
224
Chart No. – 1
GEOGRAPHY
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY BIOGEOGRAPHY HUMAN GEOGRAPHY(Related to Physical Sciences) (Related to Biological Sciences) (Related fo Social Sciences)
Maths & Astronomy Botany Statistics EconometricsMaths & Astronomical Phyto Geography Quantitativetechniques
Geography in Geography
Geology Zoology EconomicsGeomorphology Zoo Geography Economic Geography
Metorology Ecology Political ScienceClimatology Human Ecology Political Geography
Hydrology Environmental Science HistoryOccanography Environmental Geography Historical Geography
Pedology SociologySoil Geography Social Geography
PhilosophyGeographicalthoughts
AnthropologyCultural Geography
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225
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226
HISTORY (HIST)
Class - XITheory-80 marksProject-20 marks
1. Understanding History1.1 Pre-History, Proto-History, History.
Early sources and their nature.Forms of recorded History.Facts and their interpretation.Itihasa-Purana tradition.Indo-Persian traditions of History writing in Medieval India
1.2 Notion of time in History: Linear and Cyclical.Periodisation in History and chronological sequencing.Rationale behind: a) conventional tripartite divisions.
b) Recent trends in periodisation.1.3 Time frame and focus covered in class XI: focus on main markers and transitions.
2. From Primitive Man to Early Civilizations.2.1 Epochs in the stream of time: A brief outline of archaeological cultures- Pleistocene, Pale-
olithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic.2.2 Early Africa and Primitive Man - Hunter-gatherers and their culture. Changing Climates;
Landscape features; migrations.2.3 Early Pastoralists and Agriculturists; Riverine Civilizations:
a) Indian subcontinent: Mehergarh and Harappa (First Urbanisation)b) Egypt and Sumer.
3. Evolution of Polities: Concept of Governance and Institutions.3.1 City-States: Classical Greece.3.2 Monarchies: From Janapadas to Mahajanapadas (Chiefdoms to Kingdoms).3.3 Empires: Definition; Difference with Monarchy.
Empires compared:a) The Mauryan Empire and Macedonian Empire.b) The Roman Empire and The Gupta Empire.c) The Mughal Empire and The Ottoman Empire.
4. Nature of the State and its apparatus.4.1 Nature of the State: The ideal Proto-type.
a) Indian context: Kautilya, The Arthashastra and State Craft; Ziauddin Barani,Fatawa-i-Jahandari and the nature of the State under the Delhi Sultans.
b) European context: Cicero and the Roman World, Thomas Cromwell and the New Monar-chy; Intellectual underpinnings of the Early Modern State.
4.2 Apparatus of Governance:a) Persia: Satraps.b) China: Mandarins.c) Delhi Sultanate: Iqtadars.d) Mughal: Mansabadars.
5. Aspects of Economy.5.1 Slave Economy and Slavery as an Institution:
a) Rome and Egyptb) India
5.2 Feudal Economy:a) Western Europe, The Classical Modelb) Indian experiences: Gupta Empire and The Delhi Sultanate;
5.3 Trade and urbanisation. Between Expansion and Contraction: European and Indian Expe-riences compared.
6. Dynamics of Society.6.1 Social Stratification:
a) Slave Society: Greece-Helot, Periocei, and their relationship with Citizens.b) Varna and Jati (special mention of Forest-dwellers viz Nisadas)c) Fallen Ksatriyas- Yavanas, sakas, Hunasd) Rajputs as a status group.
6.2 Women in society: Indian context.a) Education of Womenb) Forms of Marriage and the Householdc) Inheritance and Property Rights (Streedhan)d) Outstanding Women in Political authority: Egypt: Nefertiti, Cleopatra; India: Rani
Durgavati, Razia, Noor-Jahan.
7. Religion.7.1 Religion and the State:
a) India: Asoke and Dhamma,Alauddin Khalji, The Sharit and the Ulema.Akbar, Din-i-llahi and Sulh-i-Kul
b) Western Europe: The Holy Roman Empire and papacy.Crusades.
c) Arab World: The Universal Caliphate.7.2 Religion and Society:
a) Vedic religion.b) Polytheism and the European context.c) New religious movements (Buddhism and Jainism).d) Reformation movements in Europe.
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8. Expanding Horizons.8.1 Origins of Modern Science: Alchemy to chemistry, Astrology to Astronomy- towards a
Solar- centric Universe.8.2 Technological advances: Agricultural, Military and technologies of Production, Ship build-
ing.8.3 Printing revolution in Western Europe (Mention the contributions of China and the Arab
world to the art of printing).8.4 Geographical Explorations - towards a ‘New world’.
9. Cultural and intellectual traditions.(For Project Work- on any one topic, 750-800 words)9.1 The European context.
a) Renaissance - Definition of the term; critiquing the validity of the proposition.b) Twelfth Century renaissance.c) Renaissance Humanism.d) Italian Renaissance - Impact on art, culture and Political thinking; Role of
Patronage - different roles of the Pope, the Medicis, The Sforzas, Flemish burghers.9.2 Systems of Knowledge and Literature: the Indian context.
a) Schools of Indian Philosophy - an overviewb) The Sciences, Mathematics, Astronomy, Medicine, Technology.c) Court literature: Sangram, Sanskrit, Persian.d) Vernacular literature - special reference to Bengali literature (from Charyapada to
Vaishnave literature Mangala Kavya and translations).9.3 Architecture, Sculpture and Painting: The Indian context
a) Painting: Cave painting (From Bhimbetka to Ajanta), Miniatures (Mughal and Rajputs).b) Sculpture: Buddhist, Shaiva, Vaishnave Iconography.c) Temple architecture: Chola temples and Bengal Temple architectured) Tombs, Mosques and forts in medieval India.
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228
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229
HISTORY (HIST)
Class - XIITheory-80 marksProject-20 marks
1. Remembering the pastA: Imagine the past: myths, legends and folk-tales, memory and oral traditions.B: Inheritance of the past: the colonial constructuins, Indigenous imaginations.C: Importance of History as a professional discipline- Methods of “Modern” History writing.
I. Museums as institutions of organising the past.II. Brief outline of the development of museums and different types of museums,
private collections.
2. Situating colonialism and imperialism in the 19th & 20th CenturiesA. Brief overview of 7th & 18th century colonisation in Asia & the New World.B. Economic Dynamics of Imperialism and Colonialism; from Mercantile Capital to Industrial
& Finance Capital. Hobson - Lenin thesis on Colonialism and Imperialism.C. The Political Basis of Colonialism: The necessity of controlling areas on which the
imperialist country was economically dependent.D. The Question of Race and its Impact of Colonial Societies.
3. The Nature of the Colonial Dominance: formal and Informal EmpiresA. Case Study 1: India- as a ‘colonised’ state
How political hegemony was establishedThe instruments of control: Legislature / Bureaucracy / Police / ArmyThe economy of the colonial state: revenue collection --- trade patterns --- DeindustrialisationIntroduction of the railways --- late and selective industrializationIntellectual justification of the Empire : Mill, Macaulay an the Utilitarian
B Case Study 2 : China - where economic exploitation flourished without formalpolitical control of the imperialist countries
Domination through economic exploitation - mining rights --- unequal treaties ---- the Canton tradeA comparative study of the Indian and Chinese experiences
4. Reaction to Imperialistic HegemonyA : India
The rise of a middle class - its features --- its acceptance of Western education -- itsattitudes to traditional concepts in the social and religious context --- social reform
movements and leaders in Bengal --- Narayan Gure, Veersalingam and others outsideBengal, Sir S.A. Khan and the Aligarh movement.Change and transformation in society as a result of the above factors.Proliferation of the rural elite: Patidars, Sahukars, money-lenders and middlemen-greaterfragmentation of rural classes due to economic reasons.The emergence of a new rural elite: patidars, Sahukars, money-lenders and middlemen-greater fragmentation of rural classes due to economic reasons.The emergence of an industrial forceSubaltern groups : Adivasis, Dalits.Western ideas and the Indian response:
a. The aspiration of the middle coass and its fall outs.b. Regional cultural responses, in partivular, the ‘Bengal Renaissance’c. How Western concepts of ‘time’, ‘health and ‘labour for wages’ brought
about a change in Indian society and the local mindset.
B: China
Emergence of a Western educated class- the influence of Christianity --- the scholars’response- May Fourth Movement.
C: Migration of indentured labourers: formation of the Indian and Chinese Diaspora.
5. Governing the Colonial State IndiaGovt. of India Acts of 1909, 1919, and 1935 at tools for limiting franchise, introducingcommunal electorates, maintaining administrative control and British hegemonyThe state machinery for suppressing freedom of expression e.g. the Rowlett Act andmilitary / police control:The Jalianwala Bagh incident / the Meerut Conspiracy CaseDivide and Rule policy: using community/caste/perceived/ ethnic groupings to divide andanti-colonial movement, e.g., supporting the demands of the Muslim League; theCommunal Award of 1932; interfering in caste politics such as the temple entre issueThe Princely states and the British Government: the creation of an alternative loyalist baseEconomic policies from 1914 to 1945 e.g. limited industrialisation; currency regulation afterthe First World War; high taxation even in famine conditions: (Gujarat, 1918,1928): theBengal Famine
6. The Second World War and the Colonies
A: India, 1940-46
Linlithgow Offer --- Cripps Mission --- the Indian response and the Quit India Movement-Subhas Bose and the INA - INA Trials --- RIN Revolt - the backdrop to the Transfer ofPower: The British government’s role: Cabinet Mission - Constituent Assembly -Mountbatten’s negotiations - Mountbatten Award - Transfer of power - The Indianresponse.
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B: Japan and the Second World War
‘Asia for Asians”--- Japan and China - Japanese advance through South-East Asia andthe consequent linking up with the INA.
C: Changed situation in the European colonial in S.E. Asia, e.g. Indochina and Indonesia.
7. The Era of the Cold War
A: The Cold War
Theoretical basis --- inception---developments from 1942 to 1948 --- the Truman Doctrine and theMarshall Plan --- the military alliances --- Impact---the Berlin Crisis---Eastern Europe under theU.S.S.R. ---Suez Crisis---Cuban Missile Crisis---Korea and Vietnam
B: The Nuclear Arms Race and Peace Initiatives
C: Non-Alignment
The Political Background ---its principles ---building up the movement ---Bandung, Belgrade andsubsequent conference ---an evaluation
D: The Arab World: Israel vs. the Arab World ---Oil Diplomacy
E: People’s Republic of China: Its rise and plae in World Politics.
8. DecolonisationA: Defination of the term; social, political and economic implications manifestations; develop-
ment programmes and Nation building.B: Africa: case study - Algeria.C: South-east Asia: case study - Indonesia.D: Nation building in South Asia
Varying political experiences in South Asia - Emergence of Bangladesh - a brief study ofpolitical systems in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.The economic organisation of India - economic planning - heavy industries andtechnological advances - socialist underpinnings of economic planning - liberalisation,how succssful.Regional co-operation - SAARC.
9. The New World(For Project Work-on any one topic, 750-800 words)
A: Interactionof Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces:
Transition from a bi-polar to a unipolar world - its political fallouot---Globalisation---the “Clash ofCivilisations”
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B: Movements of Protest and DissentThe Peace Movements: the students’ movements of the ‘60s and othersDemocratic and Civil Right Movements: USA/anti-apartheid movement in South Africa/movements for universal adult franchise / present-day turmoil in the Arab world, Libya,Egypt etc.The movement for women’s rightsEnvironmental movements ---Chipko, Tehri-Garhwal, Narmada Banchao. Keeping alivethe conflict between the First and Third Worlds over environmental issues.New Social Movements.The new economic order (the depression of 2008-11- a crisis of capitalism? ---the emer-gence of BRIC.)
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HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION (PHED)
Class - XI
Full Marks : 100Practical - 60 Marks
Group- A: Formal activities- Marching, Brotachari and Callisthenic (10 marks)1) Marching: Stand at ease, Attention, Left Turn, Right Turn & About Turn, Mark
Time, Quick March and Halt. (3)2) Brotochari: Surjimama Raibishe & Badhubaran Folk dance(For Girls),Raibanshe
dance( for boys), Kathi (4)3) Calisthenics: Neck exercise, Arm exercises, Trunk exercises, and Leg exercises)
(3)
Group- B: Athletics (10 marks)1) Running (block start, Techniques of Running, Finishing) (5)2)A. Throwing Event (Putting the Shot and Discus Throw) (5)
a) Putting the Shot: Holding the Shot, Placement, Initial stance, Glide, ReleaseAction and Recovery.
b) Discus Throw: Holding the discus, Initial stance, Preliminary Swing, Releaseand Recovery.
OR2)B. Jumping Event (Running Broad Jump/High Jump)
a) Running Board Jump –Approach run,Take off, Flight-in-air and Landing .b) High jump - Approach run, Take off, Flight-in-air and Landing
Group- C: Yogasana & Gymnastics (5 marks)1) (a) Yogasana: (3)
i) Paschimottanasana, Gomukhasana, Dhanurasana, Bhadrasana, Vakrasanaii) Surya Namaskaraiii) Pranayama: Anulom Vilom and Kapalabhatiiv) Meditation
2) (b) Gymnastics: Forward & Backward Roll, Cart Wheel, T Balance, Hand Standand Arch (2)
Group- D: Team Game (10 marks) (Any one)Handball, Netball, Football, Volleyball, Kabaddi, Kho Kho and Badminton
Group- E: Evaluation of Physical fitness (10 marks)Evaluation of Physical Fitness be made by conducting the following test:
i) Speed Test (30 Meters)ii) Flexibility (Sit and Reach),iii) Explosive Power (Sergeant Vertical Jump or Standing Broad Jump),iv) Muscular Endurance Test (Bent Knee Sit up for 30 seconds) andv) Cardiovascular Endurance Test (Skipping for one minute or spot jogging for
one minute)
The Teacher will administer the test, and performance of the students will beenaluated. The teacher will maintain records of the performance throughout theyear.
A norm for evaluation shall be circulated by the West Bengal Council of HigherSecondary Education in due course of time.
Group-F : National ideals & Leadership Development Activities (10 marks)a) National Ideals: Participation in Observation National Days (5marks)
(National Youth Day, Netaji’s Birth Day, Republic Day and Independence Day)b) Leadership Development activities organized by Government Organisations
(Duration not less than 5 days) (Any one) (5marks)1) Participation in Adventure Sports.2) Participation in Boys Scouts & Girls’ Guides3) Participation in NSS Special Camping, NCC, Leadership Camp, Sports
Camp4) Completion of Bratachari Nayak Course5) Nature Camp6) First Aid Camp (St. John Ambulance / Red Cross Society)7) Community Service Programme
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Group-G: Sports Participation (5marks)
LEVEL OF SCHOOL SPORTS PARTICIPATION
Marks Zonal Sub District State National HighestDivisional Marks
ObtainedAllotted 1 marks 2 marks 3 marks 4 marks 5 marks
Obtained
The Physical Education teacher will maintain student’s sports performance and will preserve therecord by maintaining the register through out the year. The students will be issued a certificatewhich will be produced to the examiner during examination. Marks will be awarded for highestperformance on the basis of certificate issued by any organization recognized by IOA or MHRD.
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HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION (PHED)
Class - XIIFull Marks : 100Theory - 40 Marks
UNIT- 1: Modern concepts of Physical Education, Health & Fitness10marks
1.1 Modern concept of Physical Education and Sports, Relationship of PhysicalEducation with Other Disciplines Career aspects of Physical Education
1.2 Modern Olympics: Ideals, Flag, Motto, Emblem, Oath and Organisation1.3 Recent concept of health and fitness, health related fitness and performance
related fitness1.4 Problems of adolescents: social, psychological and physical along with suitable
programme.
UNIT-2: Scientific basis of Human Movement 10marks2.1 Effect of exercise on Respiratory System and Related terms2.2 Motion: types of motion, Newton’s Laws of motion and their application in sports
& Games2.3 Definition of Terms: Distance, Displacement, speed, Velocity, Acceleration and
their application in sports and games.2.4 Hypokinetism, active life style and control of obesity, high blood pressure, arthritis
and diabetes mellitus
UNIT-3: Psycho-Socio basis of Physical Education 10marks3.1 Psycho-social unity of human being3.2 Socialization through Physical Education and Sports Programme3.3 Development of Peace and Values through Physical Education Programme3.4 Psychological Factors (Emotion, Motivation and Interest behind sports
performance)
Unit-4: Yoga and Sports Training 10marks4.1 Yoga as Indian Heritage4.2 Benefits of Yogic Practices in Daily Life4.3 Warm up, Conditioning and Cooling Down4.4 Sports Training and its different methods (Interval and Continuous method)
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HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION (PHED)
Class - XII
Full Marks : 100Practical - 60 Marks
Group- A: Formal activities- Marching, Brotachari and Callisthenics (Any Two)(5+5=10 marks)
1) Marching: Stand at ease, Attention, Left Turn, Right Turn & About Turn, MarkTime, Quick March and Halt, Slow Marching, Flag Hoisting, Flag Bearing & Foldingand Ceremonial Marching.
2) Brotochari: Jari, Dhali, Chash Jodi, Chal Hoi and Brotochari Nam3) Calisthenics: Two tables of Exercise (8 exercises in one table with or without
apparatus) involving entire body.
Group- B: Athletics (10 marks)1) Running (block start, Techniques of Running, Finishing)2) Throwing Event (Putting the Shot, Discus and Javelin Throw)
a) Putting the Shot: Holding the Shot, Placement, Initial stances, Glide,Release Action and Recovery.
b) Discus Throw: Holding the discus, Initial stance, Preliminary Swing,Release and Recovery.
c) Javelin Throw: Holding the Javelin, Pegging, Initial Stance, Carrying theJavelin during running, last 5-7 strides, Release and Recovery
3) Jumping Event (Running Broad Jump/High Jump)a) Running Board Jump –Approach run, Take off, Flight-in-air and Landing .b) High jump - Approach run, Take off ,Clearing the Bar and Landing
Group- C: Yogasana & Gymnastics (5+5=10marks)1) (a) Yogasana:
i) Paschimottanasana, Gomukhasana, Dhanurasana, Bhadrasana,Vakrasana, sarvangasana, Ardha Matsyendrasana, Mayurasana,Bhumasana, Shirsasana and Surya Namaskara
ii) Kriya: Agnisara and Kapalabhatiiii) Pranayama: Anulom Vilom and Bhastrikaiv) Trataka and Meditation
2) (b) Gymnastics: Forward & Backward Role, Cart Wheel, T Balance, HandStand, Arch, V-Balance, Knee Balance, Leg split, Dive Roll, Split Jump andCat Leap Jump
Group- D: Team Game (10 marks) (Any one)Handball, Netball, Football, Volleyball, Kabaddi, Kho Kho and Badminton
Group- E: Activity based Project Report on "BMI Calculation and Physical Fitness Measure (for Primary and upper-primary students)
The students will be required to submit activity based Project report as per formatgiven in Health and Physical Education book published by WBCHSE.
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POLITICAL SCIENCE (POLS)
Class - XIFull Marks 100
Theory Marks – 80+20 (Project)
1. Political Science : The Subject and its Evolution
Evolution of Political Science as a discipline — Meaning of Politics — Definition and Subjectmatter of Political Science
2. State
Definition and characteristics of State — State and other Associations — Theories of the origin ofState (Divine Origin Theory, Force Theory, Social Contract Theory, Evolutionary Theory)
3. Nationality, Nation and State
Nationality: Definition and factors behind its emergence – The Right to Self Determination –Nationalism and internationalism – Meaning and Relationship – Tagore’s Concept of Nationalism
4. Fundamental concepts of Modern Politics
a) i) Law: Meaning, Sources and classification (National Law/ Municipal Law and InternationalLaw)
ii) Liberty: Definition and safeguardsiii) Equality and Justice – meaning and relationship
b) i) Democracy – meaning and forms (Direct and Representative)ii) Dictatorship – meaning and forms (party dictatorship, military dictatorship, individual
dictatorship)
5. Citizenship
Definition, acquisition and loss of citizenship (with special reference to India)
6. Constitution
a) Definition and modern classification of constitution (Rigid, Flexible, Written and Unwritten)
b) Framing of India’s constitution – a brief outline – The Philosophy of Constitution – Preamble– Salient features of the constitution
7. Forms of Government
a) Unitary and Federal – Definition, basic features and difference between the two – Natureof Indian federalism
b) Presidential and Parliamentary – Definition, features and difference between the two –Nature of parliamentary government in India
8. Fundamental Rights and Duties
a) Rights – meaning and types (civil, social, political and economic) – Distinction betweenrights and human rights – U.N. Declaration of Human Rights
b) Fundamental Rights and Duties of an Indian Citizen – Directive Principles of State Policy– significance and distinction between fundamental rights and directive principles –Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens
9. Political Party and Pressure Groups
Definition of Political Party – Meaning of National and Regional Party – Meaning of PressureGroup – Difference between Political Party and Pressure Group – Basic features of party systemin India
10. Universal Adult Franchise
Meaning – Universal Adult Franchise in India – Its success and limitations – Election Commission– Election Commission of India – composition and functions
11. Project (some suggested areas) 20 Marks
Some suggested topics on which projects can be carried outa) Level of political awareness of
i) Your neighbourhoodii) Your friend (not having political science as subjects)
b) Success and problems of the application of universal adult franchise (local area study)c) Right to education and actual implementation – problem of drop-out (area of survey should
be your village/ward etc.)
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POLITICAL SCIENCE (POLS)
Class - XIIFull Marks 100
Theory Marks- 80 +20 (Project)
1. International Relations
a) Meaning of International Relations – Development of International Relations as a disciplineb) Some key concepts in International Relations:
i) Power – Meaning and componentsii) National Interest – Meaning and its role in the making of foreign policyiii) Globalisation – Meaning and its impact on state sovereignty
2. International Relations in the post-second world war period
Cold war – Meaning and causes of its origin – Evolution – Challenges to Bipolarity: Non-AlignedMovement – its present relevance – From bipolarity to unipolarity
3. Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy – Meaning – Basic features of India’s foreign policy- India and SAARC
4. U.N.O.
a) Origin – Objectives and principles- major organs of U.N.O. (with special reference to GeneralAssembly, Security Council and ECOSOC)
b) The U.N. and peace keeping operations
5. Some Major Political Doctrines
a) Liberalism – Basic Featuresb) Marxism – Basic Tenetsc) Gandhism- Non-violence and Satyagraha
6. Organs of Government
a) Separation of Powerb) i) Executive: Functions – political and permanent executive (Bureaucracy)
ii) Legislature: Functions and Structure – Unicameral and bi-cameral legislature – Argumentsfor and against
iii) Judiciary: Functions – Independence of judiciary
7. Executive in India
i) The President – Election, powers and positionii) The Prime Minister – Power and positioniii) The Governor of a state – Powers and positioniv) The Chief Minister of a state- Powers and position
8. Legislature in India
i) The Parliament – Composition and functions – Relation between Loksabha andRajyasabha– Role of the Speaker
ii) State Legislative Assembly (with special reference to West Bengal) – Composition andfunction
iii) Parliamentary procedure – Zero hour, No- confidence, Cut and adjournment motion,Calling Attention Motion (meaning)
9. Judiciary in India
i) Supreme Court – Composition, Functions and roleii) High Court – Composition and Functionsiii) Subordinate judiciary – Structureiv) Lok Adalat and Consumer Court
10. Local Self- Government
a) Rural- 3-tier panchayat system-composition, functions and source of incomeb) Urban- Municipality and corporation- Composition and functions and sources of income
11. Project (some suggested areas) (20 Marks)
i) Survey and observation on the functioning of Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti orZilla Parishad, Municipality, Borough Committee, Ward Committee etc.
ii) Women’s participation at local level politicsiii) Functioning of legislative Assembly (If possible)
(N.B. Teachers are at Liberty to carry out project work on any relevant topic included inthe syllabus)
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