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Copyright © 2009 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved.

Symmetrix Foundations - 1

© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Symmetrix FoundationsSymmetrix Foundations

Welcome to Symmetrix Foundations.Copyright © 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

These materials may not be copied without EMC's written consent.

EMC believes the information in this publication is accurate as of its publication date. The information is subject to change without notice.

THE INFORMATION IN THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” EMC CORPORATION MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PUBLICATION, AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Use, copying, and distribution of any EMC software described in this publication requires an applicable software license.

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© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Symmetrix Foundations - 2

Course Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Identify the concepts, value, and environmental aspects of using the Symmetrix product line

Identify EMC Symmetrix platforms and their differences

Describe how EMC Symmetrix handles operations

Describe Symmetrix features and management software tools

Describe business benefits of the Symmetrix product line

The objectives for this module are shown here. Please take a moment to review them.




EMC Symmetrix Architecture

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:

Explain high end storage needs

Explain how EMC Symmetrix provides high availability and reliability to meet today’s demands

Explain how the Symmetrix Series is designed to meet industry requirements

The objectives for this module are shown here. Please take a moment to read them.

In this module we will:Explain high end storage needsExplain how EMC Symmetrix provides high availability and reliability to meet today’s demandsExplain how the Symmetrix Series is designed to meet industry requirements




High End Storage Business NeedsInformation availability– Most advanced and widely deployed business continuity platform

Tiered storage consolidation– Save money through “in-the-box” tiering

Performance– Supports the world’s most demanding application workloads

Application integration– Longer relationships and deeper integration with more applications and

independent service vendors

Power efficiency– Best power and cooling efficiency for today’s data center requirements

Information-centric security, built in– Advanced security and integrated RSA technology

High end customers have unique requirements for supporting the information lifecycle management strategy. These requirements mean that the IT organization must provide uncompromising levels of service to support the enterprise so it can operate and maintain the business.

Delivering these capabilities sets Symmetrix V-Max and Direct Matrix (DMX) apart as the world’s most trusted storage platform.




Why Symmetrix?Purpose-built for the virtual data center

Lowest cost of ownership

Unprecedented performance and scale

Unmatched application availability

Secure information infrastructure

The world’s most trusted storage platform

These are the key reasons that customers choose Symmetrix series. The Symmetrix differentiators are:Symmetrix systems are purpose-built for the virtual data center with unmatched levels of scale, ease of use, and automation.Symmetrix enables you to deliver higher service levels via scale-out and tiering at the lowest total cost of ownership.Unprecedented performance and scale allow performance on demand with predictable service levels.Symmetrix systems provide unmatched, 24x7 application availability across all storage tiers. Built-in security capabilities enable you to meet security and compliance requirements.




EMC Symmetrix Platforms


Describe the evolution of the Symmetrix product line

Identify products from the EMC Symmetrix range of equipment

List the various connection specifications for each Symmetrix model

The objectives for this module are shown here. Please take a moment to review them.




Symmetrix history

Dynamic Cache PartitioningSymmetrix Priority Controls

Virtual LUN TechnologySymmetrix Service Credential

Tamper Proof Audit LogsSecure Data Erasure

RAID 6 Protection

Symmetrix DMX-4

2 Gb Fibre Channel 400 MHz

PPC

ICDA technology

4 Mb DRAM5.25” HDAs

Mirroring RAID 1

Dynamic SparingRMP Call Home

16 Mb DRAM1 GB Global Memory

Non-disruptive microcodeHypervolume Extensions

FWD SCSI-attach3.5” HDAs

RAID S protectionSRDF host component

Symmetrix Manager

SRDF MixCKD/FBA

TimeFinderDataReachInfoMover

CelerraFDRSOS

Fibre ChannelPowerPathUltraSCSI

DMSPFC-AL/FC-SW

Symmetrix Optimizer

333 MHz PPC181 GB disksQoS controls

Direct Matrix 500 MHz PPC

2 Gb FC Back-end Parity

RAID

2 Gb FICONGigabit

Ethernet SRDFiSCSI

SRDF/ATimeFinder/Snap

RAID 5 data protection

32 GB Memory Directors

SRDF Mode Change Concurrent SRDF

SRDF/StarTimeFinder/CloneOpen Replicator

8 processors/directors1.3 GHz PPC

Low-cost FC disksIncremental scalable

Up to 2,400 disks (>1 PB)Open Migrator/LM

Symmetrix5.5

Symmetrix 4400

Symmetrix4200

Symmetrix4800

Symmetrix5500-3

Symmetrix 3.0“Open” Symmetrix

Symmetrix“ESP”

Symmetrix4.0

Symmetrix4.8

Symmetrix5.0

SymmetrixDMX

SymmetrixDMX-2

Symmetrix DMX-3

SYMMETRIX EVOLUTION1990 2009

4Gb/s Point-to-point backendFC & SATA Intermix

RSA enVision Integration

Flash drivesVirtual ProvisioningCascaded SRDF

V-Max

This is a partial view of the different Symmetrix models.

The first Symmetrix, model 4200, appeared in 1990. Then, the 4800. In 1995 the Symmetrix Model 3 was announced.

The Symmetrix 8000, or Symm5, was the first Symmetrix to introduce a DUAL BUS architecture, providing redundancy in the path to memory.

The Symmetrix DMX800 is an incrementally scalable, high-end storage array that features modular disk array enclosures.

The Symmetrix Direct Matrix Architecture is storage array technology that employs a matrix of dedicated, serial point-to-point connections instead of traditional buses or switches.

The Symmetrix DMX-4 uses redundant Global Memory.

The Symmetrix V-Max is the latest model, announced in 2009.




Symmetrix DMX-3 and DMX-4 Tiered Storage Platforms

DMX-3 and DMX-4 950: High-End Entry Point• 32 to 360 disks• 2 or 4 Directors

Symmetrix DMX-3 & 4: World’s Largest High-End Storage Array• 96 to 2,400 disks• 2 to 12 front directors*

*Combinations may be limited or restricted based on configuration

DMX-3 95032-360 disks

2 Memory boards

New with DMX-44 Gb/s disk adapter pairsPoint-to-point back end4 Gb/s drive enclosuresHigh performance 4 Gb/s 15K FC drivesHigh capacity SATA II disksSupport for solid state drives

The Symmetrix DMX-3 and 4 Series offers flexible scaling to allow independent growth of performance and capacity to meet workload requirements.

As an example, a two-DA pair system with 32 drives could grow to 360 drives with the addition of another drive bay. Or, if there are high workloads on the initial 240 drives, the most appropriate way to build out the system might be to add one or more DA pairs to support additional workloads, scaling performance upward as capacity increases.

The Symmetrix DMX-4 950 and the Symmetrix DMX-4 models meet a wide range of high-end requirements for scalability, performance, and cost. The most significant improvement is the support for 4 Gigabit back end.

The Symmetrix DMX-4 models are ideal for high-end configurations that require performance and the scaling capability to start as small as one disk adapter pair and 96 drives, and grow to a maximum of 4 DA pairs and 2,400 disks.



© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Symmetrix Foundations - 9 9

Bay 1120 drives

Bay 2(optional)240 drives

DMX-4 950: Entry Point High End FunctionalitySupport for Open Systems connectivity

– iSCSI, GigE, and 4 Gb/s FC

4 Gb Point-to-Point FC back end– Support for 4 Gb/s drives

Intermix FC and SATA disks within the same drive enclosure

– FC, SATA II, and solid state drives (5773)

Flexible expandability – Non-disruptively add disks, storage bays,

and directors to scale capacity and performance

– 32 - 120 drives in system bay– Up to 360 drives with one add-on storage

bay

Mainframe connectivity (NEW)– 4 Gb/s FICON

The Symmetrix DMX-4 950 provides an entry point into high-end availability and functionality for BOTH open systems and mainframe environments. Four Gb/s is for open system front end; iSCSI is used for front-end connection; GigE is only used for SRDF.

The DMX-4 950 can be configured with system components and up to 120 drives in the single bay—60 drives above and 60 drives below the system’s directors which are housed in the middle of the cabinet.




Symmetrix DMX-3 & 4 Architectural Specifications

Direct Matrix InterconnectUp to 128 direct paths from directors and memoryUp to 128 GB/s data bandwidthUp to 6.4 GB/s message bandwidth

Dynamic Global MemoryUp to 512 GB Global MemoryIntelligent adaptive prefetchTag-based cache algorithmsDynamic cache partitioning

Processing PowerUp to 130 PowerPC processorsFour or eight processors per director

Flexible Back-End Configurations

DMX-4 64 4 Gb/s FCDMX-3 64 2 Gb/s Fibre Channel paths RAID 0, 1, 1 + 0, 5, 673/146/300/500 GB disksDMX-4 solid state drives

Fault Tolerant Design Nondisruptive upgrades and operationsFull component-level redundancy with hot-swappable replacementsSupport: Dual-ported disks and global-disk hot sparesRedundant power supplies and integrated battery backupsRemote support and proactive call-home capabilities

The Symmetrix DMX Series incorporates the industry’s leading technology components into the world’s most advanced storage architecture, delivering even higher levels of performance and throughput, and setting a new standard for high-end storage.

The back-end differences between the DMX-3 and 4 are:DMX-4 64 4 Gb/s FCDMX-3 64 2 Gb/s Fibre Channel paths RAID 0, 1, 1 + 0, 5, 673/146/300/500 GB disksDMX-4 solid state drives




DF01

DF16

CacheFA05

FA12

Disk Array0

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

C

B

A

DC

C

C

C

D

D

D

D

C

B

A

D

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

C

B

A

DC

C

C

C

D

D

D

D

C

B

A

D0 1 2 3 4 5 ....... E

LCC

DAE

LCCPri

Pri

Exp

Exp

DMX-3 and DMX-4 Series Architecture

This is a view of the DMX-3 and 4 architecture, the front-end Directors on the left, cache in the center and the back-end Directors on the right connected to all the disks. All data is transfered from the host through memory to the disks.

DMX3/DMX4 supports configurations of up to 2,400 drives.




Symmetrix DMX-3 & 4 Unified Director FeaturesThe Unified Director can hold different emulations (depending on the mezzanine cards) and therefore can be configured to support various interfaces– ESCON (EA): Mainframe interface– FICON (EF): Enhanced ESCON

mainframe interface– Fibre(FA/DA): Open System host

interface or Fibre disk adapter– GigE (RE): Multi-mode SRDF

connection– iSCSI (SE): Multi-mode host

connection

There are 4 mezzanine cards per Unified Director

ProcessorC

Mezzanine

ProcessorB

ProcessorA

ProcessorD

Port A

Port B

Port A

Port B

Port A

Port B

Port A

Port B

Mezzanine

Mezzanine

Mezzanine

The directors are paired with the corresponding adapter, which bestows the director’s personality. For example, with the correct combination of adapter and mezzanine card, the director could be an iSCSI Director.

The protocol depends on the mezzanine cards placed on the unified director pair. The mezzanine cards determine the functionality of each processor. Each board has 4 processors identified as processors “A”through “D”.




Symmetrix DMX Series Direct Matrix

Front

Director

Front

Director

Front

DirectorFront

Director

Front

Director

Front

Director

Front

Director

Front

Director

Memory

Director

Memory

Director

Memory

Director

Memory

DirectorMemory

Director

Memory

Director

Memory

Director

Memory

Director

Disk

Director

Disk

Director

Disk

Director

Disk

Director

Disk

Director

Disk

Director

Disk

Director

Disk

Director

Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk

Same for all Directors

Same for all Memory Boards

Enhanced global memory technology supports multiple regions and sixteen connections on each global memory director, one to each director. The matrix mid-plane provides configuration flexibility through slot configuration. Each director slot port is hard-wired point-to-point to one port on each global memory director board.




Symmetrix DMX-3 & 4 System BaySecond generation Direct Matrix Architecture

– 128 GB/s – twice the matrix bandwidth of Symmetrix DMX-2

Eight 1.3 GHz PPC processors per director– Delivers up to twice the IOPS and MB/s of the Symmetrix

DMX-2 director

Up to 12 channel directors*– Eight-port Fibre Channel– Eight-port ESCON – Four-port multi-protocol – FICON, iSCSI, and Gigabit

Ethernet for RDF

Up to eight disk directors*– Up to 480 drives per disk-director pair– Supports nondisruptive addition of directors

Up to 512 GB Global Memory (256 GB usable)– Mirrored DDR technology with Memory Vault protection


The system bay has either six or eight disk directors and up to 12 channel directors. The combined total of directors is 16.

Symmetrix DMX-3 and 4 systems can be configured with up to 512 GB of total memory.




Symmetrix DMX-3 & 4 Storage Bay Storage bays support up to 240 disk drives– Self-contained bays support one or two groups

of 120 drives– Each group connects to a separate disk-director

pair– Groups can be daisy-chained linearly across

cabinets

Fully configured system supports 2,400 disks– Support for 585 TB usable space*

Provides tiered storage with online upgradeability and scalability– Add storage bays, directors, and disk drives– Scale performance and capacity

120 drives

120 drives

Base configurations are composed of a system bay and one independent storage. The storage bay is configured for capacities of 120 or 240 disk drives.

The storage bays have redundant power supplies with battery backups to provide standby power to all components.

* The usable space is calculated with RAID-5 7+1




Symmetrix DMX Series Global Cache DirectorsMemory boards are referred to as Global Cache Directors and contain global shared memory

Boards are comprised of memory chips and divided into four addressable regions

Symmetrix has a minimum of 2 memory boards and a maximum of 8—generally installed in pairs

Individual cache directors are available in 2 GB, 4 GB, 8 GB, 16 GB, 32 GB, and 64 GB sizes

Memory boards are Field Replaceable Units and “hot swappable”

Integrity features

Error checking, correction, and data integrity protection

Global memory access path protection

Global memory error correction and error verification

Periodic system checks

Remote support

DMX uses direct connections between directors and cache. A minimum of four and a maximum of eight cache director boards are generally installed. Cache Director pairs are commonly of equal size. For example, memory board pairs in slots 0 and 1 are both 8 Gigabytes in size. The minimum is two memory boards and they are added in pairs.




Symmetrix V-Max storage

V-Max SE: High-End Entry Point• 48 to 360 disks• Single V-Max engine with

one Director-pair• FICON, Fibre Channel, iSCSI,

Gigabit Ethernet connectivity• Up to 128 (64 usable) GB

Global Memory

Symmetrix V-Max: World’s Largest High-End Storage Array


CAPACITY AND PERFORMANCE SCALABILITY

48 to 2400 disks for up to 2 PB of highly-available storage1 to 8 V-Max engines (16 Directors)Up to 1TB (512 usable) global mirrored memory2X more host ports - Fibre Channel, iSCSI, Gigabit Ethernet, FICON connectivity (up to 128 ports* )2X more back-end connections for Flash, Fibre Channel, and SATA disks (up to 128 ports)Quad-core 2.3 GHz processors to provide more than twice the IOPSVirtual Matrix interface connects and shares resources across Director pairs providing massive scalability

The Symmetrix V-Max family includes 2 options for scalability and growth. The V-Max series scales from 48 to 2,400 disks and provides 2 Petabytes of usable protected capacity when configuring all 1 TB SATA disks. The V-Max SE scales from 48 to 360 disks and is intended for smaller capacity needs that require Symmetrix performance, availability, and functionality.

The V-Max system can support up to 8 high availability, V-Max engines, with 512 GBs of protected, usable Global Memory. It provides support for Fibre Channel, iSCSI, Gigabit Ethernet, and FICON connected hosts. Front-end and back-end connectivity has doubled over the DMX-4 with up to 128 host ports and 128 disk channels. The V-Max also leverages 2.3 Gigahertz multi-core processors. The new Virtual Matrix provides the interconnect that enables resources to be shared across all V-Max engines to enable massive scale out.




Symmetrix V-Max Series with Enginuity 5874

Higher performance and usable capacity– More than twice the performance of DMX-4– 3X usable capacity of DMX-4– More efficient cache utilization

More value with improved TCO– Leverages latest drive technologies– Saves energy, footprint, and acquisition cost

Simpler management of virtual and physical environments– Fastest and easiest configuration– Reduce labor and risk of error

Cost and performance-optimized BC capabilities– Zero RPO, 2-site long distance replication solution– Accelerate replication tasks and recovery times

The Symmetrix V-Max system is powered by a new version of the Enginuity operating environment. It is optimized for increased availability, performance, and capacity utilization on all tiers with all RAID types. The Symmetrix V-Max Series with Enginuity stands out with its higher performance, more usable capacity, and more efficient cache memory utilization.

Total cost of ownership is improved via full leverage of the latest drive technologies and savings on energy, footprint, weight, and acquisition cost.

Enhanced device configuration and replication operations result in easier, faster, and more efficient management of large virtual and physical environments. This allows organizations to save on labor costs, reduce the risk of operational errors, and respond rapidly to changing business requirements.




V-Max Architecture OverviewSymmetrix V-Max engines

Each engine contains 2 integrated directors

Each director connects to front end and disks

16 directors with 8 slices each

128 total slices, 256 ports

Up to 128 FE ports

Up to 1 TB raw memory

Over 2 PB usable storage capacity

The Virtual Matrix Architecture replaces individual, function-specific directors with Symmetrix V-Max Engines, each containing a portion of Global Memory and two directors capable of managing front end, back end, and remote connections simultaneously.

As shown, the new architecture enables significant increases in scalability relative to the DMX platform. Scalability has improved in all aspects: front-end connectivity, Global Memory, back-end connectivity, and usable capacity. The increased usable disk capacity is the result of an increase in Global Memory combined with a significant reduction in metadata overhead allowing 2400 devices to be configured with RAID types other than RAID 1 resulting in a dramatic increase in usable capacity.

The Virtual Matrix is redundant and dual active and supports all Global Memory references, all messaging, and all management operations including internal discovery and initialization, path management, load balancing, fail over, and fault isolation within the array. The Symmetrix V-Max array is comprised of 1 to 8 V-Max Engines. Each V-Max Engine contains two integrated directors. Each director has two connections to the V-Max Matrix Interface Board Enclosure (MIBE) via the System Interface Board or SIB ports. Since every director has two separate physical paths to every other director via the Virtual Matrix, this is a highly available interconnect with no single point of failure.




V-Max Engine Architecture

MIBE B

MIBE B

This block diagram illustrates the interconnects between the various components within a Symmetrix V-Max system. Also shown is the raw bandwidth limit for the current generation of each interconnect. Of particular interest given the new distributed memory architecture is the achievable aggregate bandwidth of the Virtual Matrix interconnect.

Data arrives on the left front-end I/O modules, then, is sent by the two CPUs to the SIB module which transfers in serial mode to the Virtual matrix for storage.




Symmetrix V-Max Array Model Comparison

Two Symmetrix V-Max array variations:– Symmetrix V-Max SE Series– Symmetrix V-Max Series

8816

128 GB48 - 360

21

V-Max SE

8 - 64GigE/iSCSI ports

16 - 128Fibre Channel ports8 - 64FICON ports

128 - 1024 GBPhysical memory (max¹)48 - 2400Disks (min/ max)

2 - 16Director 1 - 8V-Max engine

V-Max

The Symmetrix V-Max SE array contains a single V-Max Engine with 2 directors and a maximum physical memory of 128 GB. The Symmetrix V-Max SE array supports 48 to 360 disk drives, up to 16 Fibre Channel ports, 8 FICON ports, or 8 GigE/iSCSI ports, or a combination of these based on the desired front-end I/O module configuration.

The Symmetrix V-Max array may be configured with one to eight V-Max Engines, each containing two directors for a maximum of 16 directors in a fully populated Symmetrix V-Max array. The Symmetrix V-Max array supports 96 to 2,400 disk drives, 128 to 1024 GB of physical memory, 16 to 128 Fibre Channel ports, 8 to 64 FICON ports, or 8 to 64 GigE/iSCSI ports, or a combination of these based on the desired front-end I/O module configuration.




V-Max Components

Drive Enclosure 8

Drive Enclosure 7

Drive Enclosure 6

Drive Enclosure 4

Drive Enclosure 3

Drive Enclosure 2

Drive Enclosure 1

Drive Enclosure 5SPS

SPS

Engine 4

SPS

ServerUPS

MIBE

KVM

Engine 3

Engine 2

Engine 1

UPS

Engine 4KVM

Engine 7

Engine 6

Engine 5

Engine 8

MIBE

Server

V-Max SE V-Max

The Symmetrix V-Max SE Series system bay consists of a single V-Max Engine and 8 drive enclosures. The system bay for the Symmetrix V-Max array consists of 1 to 8 V-Max Engines. Both system bays contain 3 Standby Power Supply trays, 1 Un-interruptible Power Supply or UPS, a Matrix Interface Board Enclosure or MIBE, and a Service Processor with Keyboard-Video-Mouse or KVM assembly.




Symmetrix Enginuity

Enginuity Operating Environment

Foundation – Supports powerful storage applications

Connectivity – Mainframe and open systems

Performance – Intelligent algorithms

Integrity – Proactive remote diagnostics – End-to-end data-integrity checking

Security features – Audit log– Symmetrix Service Credential, secured by RSA

Availability – Non-disruptive component replacement, service, changes

Enginuity is the software component that enables consistency across generations of hardware, leverages new technologies, and provides performance and data integrity.

The Enginuity operating environment delivers the following benefits: continuous availability, data integrity, built-in security features, performance optimization, advanced management, and a foundation for powerful functionality.




Symmetrix Enginuity (Cont)

Enginuity Operational Layers

Symmetrix-based Application

Host-based Symmetrix Application

Independent Software Vendor ApplicationEMC Solutions Enabler API

Symmetrix Enginuity Operating Environment Functions

Symmetrix Hardware

This slide illustrates the layer levels of Enginuity and their functionality. The top layer is the Host communication point to the Symmetrix; at the bottom are the actual Symmetrix hardware components, such as memory and directors.

EMC’s solution enabler APIs are the storage management programming interfaces that provide an access mechanism for managing the Symmetrix, third-party storage, switches, and host storage resources. They enable the creation of storage management applications that do not have to understand the management details of each piece within the total storage environment. Symmetrix V-Max and DMX systems support platform software applications for data migration, replication, integration, and more.




Enginuity ReleasesOperating Environment for Symmetrix– Each processor in each director is loaded with Enginuity– Enginuity allows the independent director processors to act as one

Integrated Cached Disk ArrayProvides the framework for advanced functionality like SRDF, TimeFinder, etc.

5874.121.102

Symmetrix HardwareSupported:52 = Symm455 = Symm556 = DMX/DMX2 57 = DMX3-4 58 = V-Max

Microcode ‘Family’

(Major release level)

Field Release Level ofSymmetrix Microcode(Minor release level)

Field Release Level ofService Processor

Code(Minor release level)

The numbers that define an Enginuity level have specific meaning. In this example, the 58 represents the V-MAX hardware, 74 is the microcode family, 121 is the field release level to the microcode, and 102 is the field release to the service processor code. Non-disruptive microcode upgrade and load capabilities are currently available for the Symmetrix.




EMC Symmetrix Operations


Describe what Symmetrix Enginuity provides

Identify the key Symmetrix components

Describe Symmetrix cache operations

State the different Symmetrix device types

Identify volume protection options available on the Symmetrix





Read Operations

Channel Director

Read HitRead Miss

Disk DirectorDisk

Channel Director

Global Memory

Global Memory

In a Read hit operation, the requested data resides in global memory. The channel director transfers the requested data through the channel interface to the host and updates the Global Memory directory. Since the data is in Global Memory, there are no mechanical delays due to seek and latency.

In a read miss operation, the requested data is not in Global Memory and must be retrieved from a disk device. While the channel director creates space in the Global Memory, the disk director reads the data from the disk device. The disk director stores the data in Global Memory and updates the directory table. The channel director then reconnects with the host and transfers the data. Because the data is not in Global Memory, the Symmetrix system must search for data on the disk and then transfer it to Global Memory.




Write Operations

Disk

Fast Write

Asynchronous Destage

Delayed Fast Write

Disk Director

No Cache Slots Available in Global Memory

Disk

Channel Director

Channel Director

Global Memory

Global Memory

A fast write occurs when the percentage of modified data in Global Memory is less than the fast write threshold. On a host write command, the channel director places the incoming block(s) directly into Global Memory. For fast write operations, the channel director stores the data in Global Memory and sends a “channel end” and “device end” to the host computer. The disk director then asynchronously de-stages the data from Global Memory to the disk device.

A delayed fast write occurs only when the fast write threshold has been exceeded. That is, the percentage of Global Memory containing modified data is higher than the fast write threshold. If this situation occurs, the Symmetrix system disconnects the channel directors from the channels. When sufficient Global Memory space is available, the channel directors reconnect to their channels and process the host I/O request as a fast write.




Symmetrix DMX-3 & 4 Redundant Global Memory

Data written to Primary region then to Secondary region of the memory board pair

All reads are from Primary region

Algorithms in Enginuity enable the Directors to take full advantage of all memory cards present when reading and writing

Upon Primary or Secondary region board failure, all directors drop the failed board, and switch to non-dual write mode to the good board of the failed memory pair

Striping between memory boards is default

Global Memory board pairs reside next to each other and memory is fully redundant. All writes are initially done to the primary region; writes are then carried out to the secondary region. Primary and secondary regions are distributed across all memory boards so, for example, memory board pairs in slots 0 and 1 have alternating Primary and Secondary regions. Algorithms in Enginuity enable the Directors to take full advantage of all memory cards present when reading and writing.




Configuring the Symmetrix

Symmetrix Logical Volumes are configured using the service processor and SymmWin interface/application– Generate configuration file (IMPL.BIN) that is downloaded from the

service processor to each director

Configuration changes can be performed online using the EMC ControlCenter Configuration Manager and Solutions Enabler Command Line Interface

Symmetrix Service ProcessorSymmWin Application

Disk

HyperHyperHyperHyperHyper

A disk is sliced into Hyper or disk slices and protection schemes are then incorporated, creating the Symmetrix volume. Symmetrix logical volumes are defined by using the service processor and SymmWin interface.

The Service Readiness Symmetrix Enginuity Configuration website is used to verify an initial Symmetrix configuration and any subsequent changes to the configuration. They use time honored extensive best practices and tools to configure Symmetrix.




BCV

VDEVDRV

Standard

Different Symmetrix Device TypesSymmetrix volumes have different purposes: – Standard devices (STD) are configured for

normal production operations – Business Continuance (BCV) devices are

configured for TimeFinder/Mirror replication– Virtual Devices (VDEV) are configured for

TimeFinder/SNAP local pointer-based replication

– Dynamic Reallocation Volumes (DRV) devices are configured for SymmetrixOptimizer hyper re-location

– TDEV devices are virtual cache-only devices that can grow in capacity

– Save Devices are configured for TimeFinder/SNAP and/or TDEV devices

– R1 and R2 for remote replication

TDEV Save

R2R1

When configuring the Symmetrix, there are different types of Hyper devices that can be configured. For example:

Standard devices (STD) are configured for normal production operations Business Continuance (BCV) devices are configured for TimeFinder/Mirror replicationVirtual Devices (VDEV) are configured for TimeFinder/SNAP local pointer-based replicationDynamic Reallocation Volumes (DRV) devices are configured for Symmetrix Optimizer hyper re-locationTDEV devices are virtual cache-only devices that can grow in capacitySave Devices are configured for TimeFinder/SNAP and/or TDEV devicesR1 and R2 for remote replication




Symmetrix Virtual ProvisioningUses Symmetrix TDEV Devices – These are cache only devices

Virtualization to the host– Presented to the host as real device of

any supported size– Device is virtual in the Symmetrix

Reduce wasted disk space– Data is kept on common pool only– Only what is used is allocated in the

common pool– Pool is shared by many TDEV devices

Support for production and replication

Applicationassigned

storage

Save pool

TDEV Devices

Allocated Allocated 20 GigAllocated

100 GigVisible

20 GigShared Common Storage Pool

With Enginuity 5773, EMC implemented a Virtual Provisioning capability for Symmetrix DMX systems. Virtual Provisioning presents an application with more capacity than is physically allocated and in some situations may provide a more efficient way of allocating capacity for applications that are somewhat predictable in capacity growth patterns.

These virtual devices can reduce wasted disk space because the actual data is kept in a common pool; only what is used is allocated in the common pool and the pool is shared by many TDEV devices.

In the example illustrated, the host has a 100 GB Virtual TDEV device, the TDEV device uses no disk space, the Save pool contains the actual data, and only 20 GB is allocated until more space is required. The allocated capability is managed by EMC software.




Symmetrix Logical Volume FormatsOpen Systems hosts use Fixed Block Architecture (FBA)– Each block is a fixed size of 512 bytes– Volume size referred to by the number of Cylinders– Each Cylinder has 15 tracks– On DMX-3, 4, and V-max each track has 128 blocks or 64 KB size

Mainframes use Count Key Data (CKD) 57 KB size

– Count field indicates the data record’s physical location (cylinder and head) record number, key length, and data length

– Key field is optional and contains information used by the application– Data field is the area which contains the user data

V-Max uses new CRC technology in the disk format

Data Block512 Bytes

DataCount Key

Mainframe systems use Count Key or CKD format, which is a 57 KB track size. Mainframes utilize a Volume Label or Volume Serial which is configured in the Symmetrix BIN file.

Data format with open systems use Fixed Block Architecture. On DMX-3, 4, and V-max, each track has 128 blocks or 64 KB size. The V-Max uses a new track CRC method called “Block CRC”.




Physical Diskslice

73 GB

slice

slice

Hyper Volumes

LUN

LUN

Logically Slicing Physical Disk into Hyper Volume Extensions (HVEs)

LUN

Symmetrix physical disks are split into logical hyper volumes. Hyper volumes are then defined as Symmetrix Logical Volumes and internally labeled with hexadecimal identifiers. A Symmetrix Logical Volume is the disk entity presented to a host via a Symmetrix channel director port. As far as the host is concerned, the Symmetrix Logical Volume is a physical drive.

Do not confuse Symmetrix Logical Volumes with host-based logical volumes.




How Symmetrix Logical Volumes Appear to a HostSymmetrix Logical Volumes are viewed by the hosts as disk devices

Host is unaware of protection or other Symmetrix attributes

Unix hosts access disk through device special files– Many hosts use CTD (Controller-Target-Device) format– Example /dev/rdsk/c1t1d2

– Other UNIX hosts assign logical names to disk devicesExample IBM AIX uses hdisks (/dev/hdisk2)NT accesses disk devices through a PHYSICALDRIVE name

Example: \\.\PHYSICALDRIVE2

Controller Target LUN

Symmetrix Format

Hyper volume

LUN or Hyper volume

A host views a Symmetrix Logical Volume in the same manner as it sees any other disk device. The host is unaware of how the volume is configured in the Symmetrix, its protection scheme, or any other special attributes. Hosts assign disk device logical device names that vary depending on the operating system.




Data ProtectionMirroring (RAID 1) – High performance, availability, and functionality – Two hyper mirrors form one Symmetrix Logical Volume located on separate

physical drives

Parity RAID (not available on DMX-3)– 3 +1 (3 data and 1 parity volume) or 7 +1 (7 data and 1 parity volume)

RAID 5 striped RAID volumes– Data blocks are striped horizontally across the members of the RAID group

( 4 or 8 member group)– Parity blocks rotate among the group members

RAID 10 mirrored striped meta volumes

Dynamic sparing

SRDF (Symmetrix Remote Data Facility)– Mirror of Symmetrix Logical Volume maintained in a separate Symmetrix

Data protection options are configured at the volume level. The same Symmetrix can employ a variety of protection schemes.




Symmetrix RAID 5 and RAID 6

RAID 5 protection on Enginuity 5771 and above– Data blocks are striped horizontally across the members of a RAID 5

group– Each member owns some data tracks and some parity tracks– There is no separate parity volume in a RAID 5 group– Instead, parity blocks rotate among the group members– Four members per logical volume, RAID 5 (3+1)– Eight members per logical volume, RAID 5 (7+1)

RAID 6 supported with Enginuity 5772– Allows up to two consecutive drive failures– Uses two parity devices horizontal and diagonal parity – EMC RAID 6 implementations use either 8 or 16 drives

RAID 5 protection is available with Enginuity 5771 and above. Data blocks are striped horizontally across the members of a RAID 5 group, each member owns some data tracks and some parity tracks. Four members per logical volume are identified as RAID 5 (3+1) and eight members per logical volume are called RAID 5 (7+1).

RAID 6 is supported with Enginuity 5772 and above. RAID 6 allows for up to two consecutive drive failures in the same RAID group or rank. RAID 6 uses two parity devices, horizontal and diagonal parity.




Dynamic Sparing

Increases protection of all volumes from loss of data

Dedicated spare disk(s) protect storage

Ensures that the spare copy is identical to the original

Resynchronizes a new disk device with the dynamic spare after repair of the defective device is complete

Increases data availability of all volumes in use without loss of any data capacity

Dynamic sparing is transparent to the host and requires no user intervention

Dynamic Spare

Dynamic sparing is used as additional protection for volumes already protected by RAID 1 mirroring, parity RAID, RAID 5, or SRDF options. Dynamic sparing provides incremental protection against the failure of a second disk during the time a disk is taken offline and when it is ultimately replaced and resynchronized.

Every Symmetrix Logical Volume has four mirror positions. When sparing is necessitated, hyper volumes on the spare disk devices take the next available mirror position for the logical volumes present on the failing volume.




DMX 3 and 4 Mirror PositionsInternally each Symmetrix Logical Volume is represented by four mirror positions – M1, M2, M3, M4

Mirror positions are actually data structures that point to the physical location of a mirror of the data and status of each track

Each mirror position represents a mirror copy of the volume or is unused

Symmetrix Logical Volume 04B

M1 M2 M3 M4M1 M3 M4

Within the Symmetrix DMX, each logical volume is represented by four mirror positions: M1, M2, M3, and M4. These mirror positions are actually data structures that point to a physical location of a data mirror and the status of each track of data. Each position either represents a mirror or is unused. For example, an unprotected volume only uses the M1 position to point to the only data copy. A RAID 1 protected volume uses the M1 and M2 positions. If this volume was also protected with SRDF, three mirror positions would be used, and if we add a BCV to this SRDF protected RAID 1 volume, all four mirror positions would be used.




RAID Virtual Architecture

1 Available Position

All Positions used

DMX-4M1 M2 M3 M4

SRDF1+Mir

CSRDF R1+Mir

RAID 1 RAID 1

RAID 1 RAID 1

2 Available Positions

1 Available Position

SRDF1+Mir

CSRDF R1+Mir

RAID 1

RAID 1

M1 M2 M3 M4 V-Max

The RAID virtual architecture in Enginuity 5874 changes the mirror positioning handling.

In our example of a mirrored device, DMX-4 with two SRDF devices is consuming two mirror positions.

In the V-Max, all mirrors use only one position with the SRDF protection occupying a second position. This frees mirror positions for other operations.

Virtualizing the RAID architecture is an enabling technology for Enginuity 5874 to implement other features, such as Enhanced Virtual LUN Technology.




EMC Symmetrix Features and Functions


Describe the local replication Symmetrix options

Describe EMC Symmetrix disaster recovery features

Describe high availability features incorporated into the EMC Symmetrix





Symmetrix Local Replication OptionsIncrease application availability

Minimize/eliminate impact on application

Reduce downtime

Improve RTO and RPO

Provide near-instant recovery

Reduce backup windows

Enable parallel processing

TimeFinder Family TimeFinder/ Mirror

Ultra-high-performance option

TimeFinder/EIM

Exchange Integration Module

option

TimeFinder/CG

ConsistencyGroup option

TimeFinder/SIM

SQL Integration Module option

TimeFinder/Clone

Fully functionalhigh-performance

copies

TimeFinder/Snap

Economicalspace-saving copies

The TimeFinder family has several different solutions that help meet service-level requirements while providing powerful local-replication capabilities. The products offered are: TimeFinder/Clone with full-volume and dataset level; TimeFinder/Snap with space-saving snapshot images; and TimeFinder/Mirror with ultra-high-performance mirrors.




Symmetrix Remote Data Facility Protect against local and regional site disruptions– Continuous data availability– Multiple remote recovery sites– Meet regulatory requirements

Provide near-instant recovery

Migrate, consolidate, or distribute data across storage platforms– Data center consolidations– Technology refreshes

Enable non-stop operations– Application restart across volumes

ProductionSite

RecoverySite

Source Target

SRDF links

The SRDF family of software is the most powerful suite of remote storage replication solutions available for disaster recovery and business continuity. Fully leveraging the industry-leading, high-end Symmetrix hardware architecture, SRDF family products offer unmatched deployment, flexibility, and massive scalability to deliver a wide range of distance-replication capabilities, helping to meet mixed service-level requirements with minimal effect on operations.




EMC Symmetrix Storage Management Software

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to describe:

EMC ControlCenter

Symmetrix Management Console (SMC)

EMC ControlCenter Performance Manager

EMC ControlCenter StorageScope

The objectives for this lesson are shown here. Please take a moment to read them.




ControlCenter Management Software

Functionality- Discover- Monitor- Provision- Protect- Tune- Predict

Architecture- Scalability- Ease of use- Heterogeneity- Security- Interoperability- Centralized

ControlCenter is a complete set of storage management tools. As new agents are enhanced, they are seamlessly integrated into the existing environment. The storage environment can be managed from end to end with one tool. This is the base functionality of ControlCenter.

Due to the interoperability of the architecture and the centralized storage of configuration information, ControlCenter allows IT organizations to manage the service they provide, not just the infrastructure they have.




EMC Symmetrix Management Console

Access, configure, and operate arrays– Activates Solutions Enabler/CLI

functions– OS and z/OS attached systems– Co-exists with ControlCenter and

CLITiered storage controls and monitoring

– Dynamic Cache Partitioning– Symmetrix Priority Controls

Symmetrix Management Console provides intuitive, browser-based device management plus full management control of individual Symmetrix systems for those environments that do not need advanced SRM capabilities, or for those that simply need a lightweight graphical interface to complement their SRM infrastructure.

Symmetrix Management Console reduces the complexities associated with a command-line interface for system management, managing the system more efficiently and effectively. This improves staff productivity and maximizes utilization of system resources, while reducing access time to critical business information.




EMC Symmetrix OptimizerSymmetrix Optimizer restores optimal performance

– Monitors back-end (disk) activity

– Analyzes based on thebusiness cycle

– Distributes workload uniformly

Improves performance without affecting data availability

– Transparent to end user and applications as it works

– User-defined policies based on workload requirements

Symmetrix Optimizer automatically tunes, monitors, analyzes, and migrates logical volumes to maintain optimal performance, with no disruptions to applications or users.

Symmetrix Optimizer’s load-balancing automation technology analyzes volume activity to identify hot and cold logical volumes for swaps; this automates the time consuming task of balancing the load on the Symmetrix back end. The tedious task of disk-performance tuning is completely automated.




EMC Performance Manager Automates reporting of performanceInvestigates a wide variety of metrics– Oracle files and segments– Host throughput, response

time, and CPU usage– Switch-port throughput,

credits, and errors– Cache and physical disk

usage

Improves service levels by pinpointing– Performance trends– Future performance capacity

needs– Implementation deficiencies

No other performance-analysis tool on the market allows users to analyze Symmetrix, CLARiiON, Celerra, and HDS performance with the ease offered by Performance Manager. Its unique architecture gives users complete control over data collection and flexibility in data analysis.

With ControlCenter Performance Manager, we can boost productivity with the software’s extensive automation capability and exceed service levels by pinpointing issues and needs in performance, implementation, and capacity planning.




EMC StorageScopeManage the tiered storage from a business context

View usage and asset configuration automatically

Proactive management with StorageScope File Level Reporter

StorageScope manages the tiered storage in the context of the business. With this product, users can view usage and asset configuration automatically, making it easier to identify opportunities to reclaim and reallocate storage capacity. ControlCenter StorageScope also gives access to automated trending analysis and forecasting graphs.

The proactive management of StorageScope File Level Reporter allows you to reclaim storage capacity stage data to less expensive disk, and compress data files.




EMC Symmetrix Business Benefits


Identify key benefits to the IT industry

List the different services EMC provides

Describe the importance of storage security





High-End Challenges: Information AvailabilityMinimize planned and unplanned downtime and outages

Reduce the effect of costs and risks on the business

Improve RTO and RPO providing advanced recovery and failover

Ensure consistent recovery across interrelated applications and databases

Continuous access to information is a requirement that cannot be compromised. Downtime and outages are unacceptable and can have a severe impact on business. Protecting information is no longer just about backup, it is about ensuring business can continue to operate in the event of a failure or site disaster.




Symmetrix Provides Advanced AvailabilityUncompromising availability for the world’s most mission-critical applications

Proven advanced business continuity solutions and services

Leverage advanced local, distance, and multi-site business continuity to meet service levels

Provide data consistency for restart across applications, databases, and platforms

Symmetrix DMX offers advanced data protection and business continuity to provide “always-on”access to information, as well as faster business restart in the event of a disaster or outage. High-performance local, distance, and multi-site replication capabilities help meet the availability and workload needs.




Symmetrix Security Symmetrix Service Credential, Secured by RSA

Authenticates valid identities on service processor– Strong authentication with

industry-leading RSA technology– Encrypted credential and user

password– Credential varies by user, action,

system, and time

Authorizes actions viarole-based access controls– Complements Symmetrix Access

Control authorization of server actions on devices

Benefits:• Transparent – no customer action required

– Tightly integrated with RSA technology• Prevent unauthorized service actions

– Only permissible users, actions, systems, and times

O/S LogonUser Account

Service Processor

EMC ApplicationPrivilege Roles

The new Symmetrix Service Credential, secured by RSA, is the first example of EMC delivering integrated technology with its recent RSA Security acquisition. This feature prevents unauthorized service actions on Symmetrix systems through integrated RSA technology. It provides authentication of user identities and authorizes the actions of EMC and partner service personnel as they log into the service processor. Through RSA technology, Symmetrix Service Credential relies on a user password and encrypted credential that varies by user, time, system, and their assigned role.




Course Summary

Key points covered in this course:

The concepts, value, and environmental aspects of using the Symmetrix product line

EMC Symmetrix platforms and their differences

How EMC Symmetrix handles operations

Symmetrix features and management software tools

Business benefits of the Symmetrix product line

These are the key points covered in this training. Please take a moment to review them.

This concludes the training. Please proceed to the Course Completion slide to take the assessment.

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