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MICROCONTROLLER-BASED SOLAR CHARGER

ECE IV YEAR VIT

PIR SENSOR BASED SECURITY SYSTEM

Name Of The Members : 1.aswini agarwal Name Of The Guide: 1.Ruchi agarwal

2.deepak pathak

3.Divanshu

2.Kritika sharma

Abstract:The circuit of an inexpensive and highly secure electronic security system is

explained below. This electronic security system can be used in banks and other high

security areas.A normal electronic security system will have a transmitter and a receiver.

The transmitter sends out an IR laser and this will be received by the receiver. When an

intruder walks past the device, the IR beam is cut and thus the alarm is activated. But,

this system has some major disadvantages like limited range and poor line of sight.

1. Introduction: The device contains aspecial filter called a Fresnel lens,

which focuses the infrared signals

onto the element. As the ambient

infrared signals change rapidly, the

on-board amplifier trips the output to

indicate motion. We can say that the

PIR sensor is a human body sensor

because it is only activated when a

human or animal walks past the

sensor. The PIR sensor is the heart of

the project. We can design the project

in such a manner that as soon as the

burglar .

2.Circuit Diagram:

Fig. 1: Circuit of pir sensor based system.

Circuit Description: Instead of infrared

or laser transmitters and receivers, PIR

(Passive Infrared Radial) sensors are

used in this circuit. The sensor is

basically a pyroelectric device. When the

device is exposed to infrared radiation, it

generates an electric charge. The device

is made of crystalline material.

According to the change in the amount

of infrared striking the element, there

will be a change in the voltages

generated, which is measured by an on-

board amplifier.

The infrared light explained here refers

to the light radiating from all objects in

its field of view. The reason for not

having a transmitter and receiver is that

the device does not emit one, but only

accepts the energy emitted from objects

above absolute zero in the form of

radiations. Thus the temperature will be

different for a human working past a

sensor, and that of a wall right in front of

it. Thus the word passive is used in

PIR to explain that it does not emit a

radiation and receive it, but instead

accepts the incoming infrared radiation

passively.Basically, there are two methods

of controlling the charging current: series

regulation and parallel (shunt) regulation.


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ECE IV YEAR VIT

A series regulator is inserted between the

solar panel and the battery. The series type

of regulation wastes a lot of energy while

charging the battery as the control circuitry

is always active and series regulator

requires the input voltage to be 3-4 volts

higher than the output voltage. The current

and voltage output of a solar panel is

governed by the angle of incidence of

light, which keeps varying. Parallel

regulation is preferred in solar field. In

parallel regulation, the control circuitry

allows the charging current (even in mA)

to flow into the battery and stop charging

once the battery is fully charged. At this

stage, the charging current is wasted by

converting into heat (current is passed

through low-value, high-wattage resistor);

this part of the regulation dissipates a lot

of heat.In this project, we have used

parallel regulation technique but instead of

wasting the charging current as heat, we

have made it pulsed and applied to the

battery to keep the battery topped-up.

After power-on, the microcontroller reads

the battery voltage with the help of the

ADC and displays the values on the LCD.

It monitors the input signal from the dusk-

to-dawn sensor and activates the load or

chargin

3.Component List:

Name: Specification Quan

tity

1.Relay 12V, 1C/O 1

2.Resistors 8.2 k 1

1.2 k 1

10 k 8

20 k 1

330 1

3.Capacitors 100uf, 63v

elecrtolytic

1

100uf,16 v

Electrolytic

1

0.1uf ceramic disk 2

10uf, 16v

elecrtolytic

2

33pf,ceramic disk 2

0.01uf ceramic disk 1

4.Diodes 6A4 rectifier diode 1

1N4007 rectifier

diode

3

7.5V zener diode 1

5.Transistors BC547npn

transistor

1

BS170 n-channel

MOSFET

1

IRF540 n-channel

MOSFET

1

6.Crystal

Oscillator

12MHz crystal 1

7.Solar panel 10-40W 1

8.IC AT89C2051 1


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ECE IV YEAR VIT

microcontroller

ADC0831

analogue-to-digital

converter

1

MCT2E

optocoupler

1

7805, 5V regulator 1

9.Lcd 162 line display 1

10. S1 On/off switch 1

11.S2 Push-to-on switch 1

12.F1 10A fuse 1

10-pin bergstik SIP

connector (male &

female)

1

3. Application:1.Solar power is a very fast growing

industry. As a result, there has been a

long running shortage of silicon for solar

panels, which has traditionally led to high

solar panel prices.

2. Based on volume purchasing power,

BatteryStuff.com is proud to offer

competitive pricing for smaller solar panel

battery charger items that are often in

short supply.

4. Refrences:1.http://kitsnspares.com/admin/pdf

files/Solar%20Charger

2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar

_charger


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ECE IV YEAR VIT

Fig. 2: Circuit of pir sensor based security system.

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