synthetic pyrethroids ssnaik
DESCRIPTION
HERE IAM DESCRIBING THE SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDSTRANSCRIPT
TERM PAPER ON SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS
Course Incharge:Dr.Sridharan sir,
Department of Agricultural Entomology,CPPS ,TNAU.
POSITION OF SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS IN INSECTICIDES CLASSIFICATIONINSECTICIDES
INORGANIC INSECTICIDES
ORGANIC INSECTICIDES
FLOURINE COMPOUNDSARSENIC COMPOUNDS
BORAX, SULPHUR, LIME, ZINC PHOSPHIDE
NATURAL ORGANIC INSECTICIDES SYNTHETIC ORGANIC INSCTICIDES
I II
II.A II.B
1.Dinitro phenols eg. DNOC2.Organothiocyanates eg. thanite3.Chlorinated hydrocarbon eg. endosulfan, chlordane4.Organophosphorus eg. phosphamidon5.Carbamates eg. carbofuron, aldicarb
Hydrogen oilsAnimal origin
NeristoxinPlant origin
Nicotine,pyrethrum,Rotenone Derris Neem 6.Synthetic pyrethroids eg.
cypermethrin, fenvaletate
?
Pyrethrins are the activechemicals in pyrethrum, andare 100% natural
Pyrethroids are synthetic, orman-made, versions of Pyrethrins.
Pyrethrum is composed of 6esters (collectively calledthe Pyrethrins), all of whichhave insecticidal properties.This means thatthe pyrethrum is attacking theinsect on 6 different fronts,using 6 different insecticides.
Pyrethroids, which are synthetic,are composed of only one chemicallyactive compound.
PYRETHRINS PYRETHROIDS
Pyrethrins have a uniqueability to induce excitationbehaviour in insects,characterized by erratic andincreased movement by insects.This has the benefit of 'flushing'the insects out of hiding places,resulting in increased exposureto the Pyrethrins
Synthetic Pyrethroids do not have this flushing effect
Pyrethrins are naturallybroken down by UV rays andPH variances and thereforehave shorter environmentalpersistence.
synthetic Pyrethroids aremanufactured to overcome thethat problem.
EXAMPLES
COMPONENTS OF PYRETHROIDS
I. PYRETHRINS
ANALOGUE
II.SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS
PYRETHRINS
6 ESTERS NATURAL
ACID + ALCOHOL
SOURCES OF PYRETHRINS
Achenes of the chrysanthemum FAMILY : Compositae / Asteraceae
Sources of different species:1. Chrysanthemum cinerariefolium2. C . coccineum3. C.roseum4. C.marshalli5. C.tamrutene
The original home of pyrethrum is said to be East or Middle Eastcountries.In the 19th century it was introduced to U.S.A., Japan, U.K.,Africa and South America. At the beginning of 20th century, Dalmatiaand adjoining countries became leading producers. In 1941, Japanbecame the leading producer. However, at present, the principalproducer of pyrethrum is KENYA. Other countries producingpyrethrum are Congo, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Equador and Brazil .
In INDIA also pyrethrum is grown to a small extent in the1. Hilly belts of Assam2. Himalyan mountain range of J & K3. Nilgiri areas of Tamil Nadu
Chrysanthemum cinerariefolium
Chrysanthemum coccineum
Chrysanthemum roseum
Chrysanthemum marshalli
EXTRACTION OFPYRETHRUMMETHOD I METHOD II
METHOD I
Pyrethrum is present in the Achenes of flower heads The content is maximum when the flowers are in full bloom stage
flowers are harvested by handpicking
They are then dried at 54.4 0C and compressed. In the industries the dried and compressed flowers are ground to a
fine powder.
The powder / dust can be used as aninsecticide.
METHOD II
The toxicant can be extracted by extracting with an organicsolvent like Isopropanol,acetone or odor less kerosene.
The solvent is repeatedly percolated through the powderand the weak extract is evaporated in a vacuum still to getconcentrated extract
The concentrated extract together with an emulsifieris sold in the market for the use.
Also, the concentrated extract can be mixeduniformly with an inert carrier like benonite clay,charcoal powder, diatomaceous earth
The mixture can be used as a ready to use lowpower dust.
PYRETHRUM
Amber coloured viscous liquid
Insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents
It is nonvolatile, hence non-fumigant action.
I t Is Easily decomposed by acid, alkali or even by moisture on long standing to produce primary constituents
On prolonged storage, pyrethrum looses itsinsecticidal action due to degradation by oxidation.Hence; antioxidants like hydroquinolene are added toincrease the life.
An exposure to sunlight, it is degraded to nontoxic products in no time i.e., highly photodegradable. This is what restricts the use of natural pyrethrum in out dooragriculture.
II.SYNTHETIC PYRETHROID
Mode of action
STIMULI
1.Resting state 2.Depolarization 3.Repolarization
Synthetic pyrethroids commercial -compounds
COMPOUNDS OF SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS
1.Allethrin 2.cypermethrin 3.Cyfluthrin4.Lambda cyhalothrin 5.Cypermethrin 6.Delatmethrin 7.Imiprothriin8.Bifenthrin9.Cyphenothrin
10.fenprothrin 11.Fenvelarate12.Permethrin13.Prallethrin14.Transfluthgrin15.Etofenprox
1 .Allethrin
Alleviate PynaminD-cisallethrinBioallethrinEsbiothrinPyresinPyrexcelPyrocideRaid Thermacell
Flies
mosquitoes
FORMULATIONS : 0.5% COIL,2%-4% MAT,0.5%AEROSOL, 3.6% LIQUID
RAID THERMACELL
KILMOS FAVORIT
2.CYPERMETHRIN
LEAF EATING CATERPILLRS BOLLWORMS
STORAGE PESTS
Trade Names:
HIPOPWER100 DUO INSECTICIDEVIPER SUPERMETHRINALPHA CYPER ALFAGIN
+
FORMULATIONS:
10% EC 25% EC0.2-1.0% DP1% CHALK3% smoke generator
HIPOPWER 100 DUO INSECTICIDE
INSECTICIDE LABELS
VIPER SUPERMETHRIN
ALPHA CYPER ALFAGIN
ETHRIN CYPER TC
3.CYFLUTHRIN
Trade names
BAYTHROIDSIBA -5W HOCKLEY-CYFLUTHRINDECATHLON, TEMPO 2
FORMULATIONS10% WPAEROSOLS
MOSQUITOES
HOUSE FLY
COCKROACH
BAYTHROID SIBA -5W
HOCKLEY CYFLUTHRIN
4.LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN Formulations:5% EC,10%WP,0.5%CHALK
LEPIDOPTERAN CATERPILLARS PUBLIC HEALTH PESTS
IPL LAMBDA
BEMAR
LAMBDA MAGIC
AVON-25 LAMBDATHRIN
5.DELTA METHRIN
Trade Names
BLAST DELTAHITDOSE
HOUSEHOLD PESTSMOSQUITOESANIMAL ECTOPARASITESCATERPILLARS
DOSE
FORMULATIONS2.5% SC 2.5% WP0.5% CHALK25% TABLET11%EC
BLAST DELTAHIT
FENPROPATHRIN
BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER
BRINJAL MITE CHILLI THRIPS
FORMULATION : 10%- 30% EC
TAME
PERMETHRIN
1.LEPIDOPTERAN LARVAE 2.ECTOPARASITES OF ANIMALS 3.PUBLICaq HEALTH AND HOUSEHOLD PESTS
PERMETHRIN SFR
Formulation : 25% EC 5% SMOKE GENERATOR
AMBUSH, POUNCE
FENVALERATE
IT CONTROLS THE PUBLIC AND ANIMAL ECTOPARASITES , CATERPILLARS
FORMULATION : 25%EC AND 0.4%DP
PRALLETHRIN
The only insecticide which can act at lower concentration than the other pyrethroids
FORMULATIONS0.04% AND 0.05% COIL0.08%,1%,1.2% MAT2.4% L19% VP
VLIDO NINIA
& TRANSFLUTHRIN
ETOPENPROXIT IS NON EASTER PYRETHROID
FORMULATIONS :10% EC 20%WP
RICE BPH
RICE LEAFHOPPER
SYMPTOMS OF POISONING
Symptoms of synthetic pyrethroid poisoning may include oneor many of the following:
stuffy, runny nose - headache, fever wheezing, coughing - sensation of swelling or tightness in
the chest tremors - irregular heartbeat Extreme weakness – nausea
Effects to the eyes may include: Blurred or dark vision Redness caused by stinging Extensive tearing
How to idetify synthetic pyrethroid ?
-thrin 1.cypermethrin2.cypermethrin 3.Cyfluthrin4.Lambda cyhalothrin5.Cypermethrin 6.Delatmethrin 7.Imiprothriin8.Bifenthrin9.Cyphenothrin
-ateFenvalerate
Thank you
PRESENTED BYS.SRINIVAS NAIK
ID.NO:13-503-010