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    TIMOTHY JONES

    A COMPLETION OF THREE CHORUSES

    FROM

    MOZARTS REQUIEM K. 626

    LACRIMOSA

    AMEN

    SANCTUS

    FULL SCORE

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    These notes are extracted from the editorial introduction to a complete edition of the Requiem

    which can be found on the Mozart Fragments Project website (www.ram.ac.uk/mozartfragments).

    The rationale for the completions

    No. 8 Lacrimosa

    Smayrscompletion of Mozarts Lacrimosa torso is, despite the infelicities of the voice leading in

    its inner voices, a powerful continuation of the opening with more character and harmonic ingenuity

    than Smayrs other liturgical music.1It does, however, have two serious problems:

    1. The text of the chorus comprises the lines 527 of the poem. Unlike the tercets of the

    Sequences first 17 stanzas, these last six lines consist of a quatrain followed by a couplet:

    Lacrimosa dies illa,

    Qua resurget ex favilla

    Iudicandus homo reus;

    Huic ergo parce Deus:

    Tearful will be that day

    When from the ashes shall rise

    The guilty man to be judged.

    Spare him therefore, O God:

    Pie Iesu Domine,

    Dona eis requiem.

    Merciful Lord Jesus,

    Grant them rest.

    Smayr splits the text at Pie Iesu Domine at bar 19. This might be taken as a subtle re-

    reading of the text: Spare him, O God merciful Lord Jesus. But it makes no sense, after the

    intervening basset horn solo (bars 1921) to reprise the opening music in D minor to the

    words Dona eis requiem. Whom, we might ask, are we supplicating to grant them peace?

    2.

    By ending the Lacrimosa with a plagal cadence rather than a fugal Amen, Smayr ignored

    Mozarts plan for the conclusion of Sequence.

    The present completion retains the basic shape of Smayrs continuation; but it reworks the voice

    leading of the inner parts in bars 919, resets the underlay of bars 223 to the words Pie Iesu

    Domine in order to retain the integrity of the poems final couplet in the movements closing

    section, it cites the opening of the Introit in bars 246 (and thereby sets up a strong motivic link with

    the following fugue), and it ends on V so that the Amen chorus can follow attacca.

    No. 9 Amen

    Since the rediscovery of Mozart's sketch for the exposition of this fugue in the early 1960s it has

    often been remarked that its subject is an inversion of the opening theme of the Introit and that it

    has the potential for stretto treatment.2These two factorsinversion and strettobring to mind

    the epic fugue 'Cum sancto spiritu in gloria Dei Patris, Amen' which concludes the Gloria of Mozart's

    incomplete C minor Mass K. 427/417a (1783). Like the 'Amen' chorus, the 'Cum sancto spiritu' is the

    1See, for example, Friedrich Blume, Requiem but no peace, Musical Quarterly, 47 (1961), pp. 147169.

    2The first report on Mozarts sketch was Wolfgang Plath, ber Skizzen zu Mozarts Requiem, Bericht ber den

    Internationalen Musikwissenschaftlichen Kongress, Jassel 1962(Kassel: Brenreiter, 1963), pp. 1847. For

    discussion of the motivic content and contrapuntal potential of the fugue subject, see inter alia: RichardMaunder, Mozarts Requiem: On Preparing a New Edition(Oxford: OUP, 1988), pp. 479; and Robert D. Levin,

    Mozart: Requiem(Stuttgart: Carus, 1993), p. xxv.

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    concluding movement of an extensive, cantata-like setting of a long liturgical text, and its subject is a

    hexachord with one note per bar. Its blend of contemporary and archaic features anticipates the

    style of the authentic choruses in the Requiem. There are, however, three significant features which

    distinguish the 'Cum sancto spiritu' model from the 'Amen' sketch: the former is in the major mode,

    sets eight words and is in the customaryAlla brevemetre of Viennese stile anticofugues; the latter is

    in the minor mode, sets only one word, and isunusuallyin triple time (presumably because

    Mozart planned metrical continuity between the 'Lacrimosa' and the 'Amen'). Moreover, as Robert

    Levin and others have pointed out, Amenfugues in Classical Viennese church music tend to be

    short and have a narrow tonal range, unlike Mozart's Cum sancto spiritu' fugue.3

    For this completion, the broad compositional questions engendered by Mozart's sketch and its

    historical, generic and stylistic context are therefore:

    1.

    How long should the fugue be, and how widely should it modulate, given the competing

    claims of (a) the need to form a sufficiently weighty conclusion to the entire Dies irae, and

    (b) the generic strictures of Amenfugues by Mozart's contemporaries?2. How could the stretti be laid out to give the music formal coherence and a climactic

    rhetoric?

    The present completion is based on the premise that the cumulative formal and rhetorical weight of

    the Sequence (that is, all the movements from Dies irae to the Lacrimosatorso) requires a longer

    and wide-ranging conclusion than the conventional generic demands of an Amenfugue would

    allow. Mozart's sketch itself establishes a measured pace in the unfolding of its material which

    would preclude anything other than the most cursory nod towards the subject's stretto potential in

    a concise fugue. (The initial fugal exposition alone takes 24 bars.) And in the Requiem's Kyrie

    eleisondouble fugue, Mozart had already demonstrated his intention to treat musico-liturgical

    precedents as a living tradition, especially with regard to the tonal breadth of the fugue. While the

    'Quam olim Abrahae' section of the Offertory lasts only 22 bars, it is enclosed within a longer motet-

    like movement, rather than a self-sufficient fugue, and so is not a valid model for the Amen.

    There are, naturally, many ways of laying out a stretto fugue. For this completion I adopted the

    principles underpinning the form of the Cum sancto spiritu of K. 427/417a but adapted them to the

    peculiarities of the material of Mozarts Amen sketch.Those principles are:

    The pace at which the material unfolds in the fugal exposition remains constant throughout

    the movement: in the case of the Amen this is a norm of one chord per bar. After the fugal exposition the further entries of the subject follow a consistent pattern of

    stretto combinations.

    The initial entry of the inverted fugue subject is the most important subsidiary climax of the

    fugue.

    The highest entry of the subject forms the climax in the last section of the fugue.

    The rhythmic profile and stepwise motion of Mozarts Amen fugue subject lends itself to a

    multiplicity of stretto combinations of which the following are merely a selective sample:

    3See Levin 1993, p. xvi; Christoph Wolff, Mozarts Requiem; Historical and Analytical Studies, Documents and

    Score of the Fragment (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), pp. 357 and 113114.

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    4

    Combining these two-voice stretti in different ways produces a series of three- and four-voice stretti,

    for example:

    With so many possibilities to choose from, there is a danger that the fugue might become a mere

    compendium of these contrapuntal devices. This completion limits itself to two-voice stretti at the

    octave until its later stages, where stretti by inversion lead to the climax of the fugue.4

    The conclusion of the completion draws on two different models. The first is the climax of the Cum

    sancto spiritu fugue from the C minor Mass (bars 18692) where the choir sings the subject inoctaves accompanied by a running bass in the strings. In this completion of the Amen fugue(bars

    14255) the subject and its inversion are stitched together to form a broad arch while the

    accompanying string lines are made of the subject, the answer and their inversions in diminution.

    The second model is the plagal cadence which ends Smayrs completion of Mozarts Lacrimosa.

    Whether or not this cadence is authentic, it has undoubtedly become iconic, and it seemed fitting to

    at least nod to it at the end of the movement (bars 15463).

    4A completion that gives freer rein to the wide possibilities of stretto can be found on the Mozart Fragments

    Project website (www.ram.ac.uk/mozartfragments).

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    5

    No. 12 Sanctus

    Smayr reported to Breiktopf & Hrtel in 1800 that the Sanctus(including the Osanna) was solely

    his own work.5This has been a source of contention in recent scholarship on the Requiem. As

    several scholars have pointed out, the opening of the Sanctushas the same melodic profile as the

    opening of theDies irae, and the subject of the Osannafugue bears resemblances to the maintheme of the Recordareand to the subject of the Quam olim Abrahaefugato. Perhaps Smayr

    alone was responsible for the decision to use these motivic reminiscences in the Sanctusand

    Osanna, but they complement with remarkable consistency the web of motivic links between the

    movements finished in particella by Mozart. Perhaps the dying Mozart gave Smayr verbal

    instructions about these thematic connections, or perhaps he had access to sketches by Mozart

    which have since been lost.6No documentary sources have come to light to corroborate the

    authenticity of the themes of the Sanctus.

    In the present edition bars 19 are based on the assumption that the soprano line in bars 13 (and

    possibly bars 4-5) comes from Mozart. Richard Maunder's claim that a D major movement is out of

    place in the sombre context of a Requiem seems to be based on an anachronistic perception of the

    expressive qualities of the major and minor modes and the expressive decorum that was attached to

    them by Mozart's contemporaries.7The extrovert orchestral gestures in Smayr's Sanctus,

    however, do seem inappropriate. They are replaced with a gentler accompaniment in bars 13 and

    with the sospirandoviolin figure from the Introit in bars 49, in an attempt to maintain the sobriety

    of the earlier movements of the Requiem.

    The Osannafugue takes as its starting point the subject used by Smayr. Research on this subject

    reveals its potential for stretto treatment:

    5A transcription of Smayrs letter is published in Gnther Brosches Introduction to the facsimile of the

    autograph scores of the Requiem (Kassel: Brenreiter, 1990).6

    In a letter to Maximilian Stadler dated 14 March 1827, Constanzae Mozart claimed that Smayr had accessto scraps of paper (Trmmer) containing Mozarts ideas for the incomplete movements of the Requiem.7Maunder 1988, pp. 4041.

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    6

    Oddly, Smayr's fugue does not develop this fundamental property of the subject. It is highly

    unlikely that Smayr would have 'accidentally' invented a subject with this potential and then failed

    to exploit it, but more likely that Mozartwho showed a penchant for stretto fugue in K. 426, K.

    427/417a, K. 626 (the Kyrie fugue) and elsewhere might have invented a subject whose potential

    was not perceived or not fulfilled by Smayr. The unrealised potential of the fugue subject in

    Smayrs completion therefore points unmistakably to the Mozartian authenticity of the theme.

    The present completion is based on the assumption that Mozart would have realised his subject's

    potential for stretto.8In line with Mozart's mature style, the strings and woodwind instruments play

    colla parteuntil the closing bars of the fugue. Throughout no. 12, the basset horns are replaced by

    clarinets in A, in keeping with the key constraints in Mozarts customary use of the lower

    instruments.9

    8

    An alternative completion, positing an alternative solution with a less rigorous pursuit of stretto, is availableon the Mozart Fragments Project website (www.ram.ac.uk/mozartfragments).9See Levin 1993, p. xxvi.

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    [Larghetto]

    8. Lacrimosa

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    2 Bassoons

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    Timpani in D/A

    Alto Trombone

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    Molto allegro

    9.Amen

    Basset-horn 1

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    Tutti bassi

    81

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    100

    B.-hn 1

    B.-hn 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn 2

    2 Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    Vc.

    Basso

    a men,- - - - - - - - - - - a men,- - a - - - - -

    men, a men,- a men,- a men,- - - a - - - - - - - - -

    a men,- a men,- - - - - - - - a men,- - a men,- - a -

    - - men, a men,- - - - - -

    a - - - - - -

    82

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    112F

    B.-hn 1

    B.-hn 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn 2

    2 Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    Vc.

    Basso

    men, a men,- a men,- a men,- -

    a - - - - - - - - - -

    men, a men,- - - - a men,- a men,- a men,- a men,- a men,- a men,- a -

    men,- a - - - men,

    a men,- - - - - - - - - - - -

    men,- - - - - -

    a men,-

    Organo

    Tutti bassi

    83

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    123

    B.-hn 1

    B.-hn 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn 2

    2 Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    Vc.

    Basso

    men,- - a men,- a men,- a men,- a men,- a men,- a men,- - - -

    - men, a - - - - - men, a men,- a - - - - - - -

    a men,- a - - - - - men, a men,- a men,- a men,- a - - - - -

    a men,- a men,- - - - a - men, a men,- a men,- a - - - - -

    84

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    133

    G

    B.-hn 1

    B.-hn 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn 2

    2 Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    Vc.

    Basso

    a men,- a men,- a men,- a men,- a men,- a men,- a men,- a men,- a men,- a -

    men, a men,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - a -

    men,- - a men,- - a men,- - a men,- -

    a -

    men,- -

    a men,- - - - - - - - - - a -

    Contrabasso

    Organo

    53

    __________________________

    85

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    143

    B.-hn 1

    B.-hn 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn 2

    2 Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    Vc.

    Basso

    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    # ___________ 6 ____________ 5_____________ 6________________ 6_________________5

    3

    __________________________________#6

    53

    ________________________________________________

    63

    ________________________________ 6

    3______________________________

    64

    86

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    153

    B.-hn 1

    B.-hn 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn 2

    2 Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    Vc.

    Basso

    men,- -

    a men.- - - - - - -

    men,- -

    a men.- - - - - - -

    men,- -

    a men.- - - - - - -

    men,- -

    a men.- - - - - - -

    5#3

    85

    75#3

    53

    #3

    87

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    Adagio

    12. SANCTUS

    Clarinet 1 in A

    Clarinet 2 in A

    Bassoon 1

    Bassoon 2

    2 Trumpets in D

    Timpani in D/A

    Alto Trombone

    Tenor Trombone

    Bass Trombone

    Violin I

    Violin II

    Viola

    Soprano

    Alto

    Tenor

    Bass

    Violoncello

    Basso

    p f

    p

    f

    p f

    p

    f

    f

    f

    f

    f

    f

    p f

    p

    f

    p f

    San

    p

    ctus,- San ctus,- San ctus,- Do

    f

    mi- nus- De us- Sa ba- oth:-

    San

    p

    ctus,- San ctus,- San ctus,- Do

    f

    mi- nus- De us- Sa ba- oth:-

    San

    p

    ctus,- San ctus,- San ctus,- Do

    f

    mi- nus- De us- Sa ba- oth:

    San

    p

    ctus,- San ctus,- San ctus,- Do

    f

    mi- nus- De us- Sa ba- oth:-

    p f

    p5___________3___________

    6____________5____________ 4__________2__________

    f6 646 6 6

    43

    65

    4 3 53 6

    117

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    6

    Cl. 1

    Cl. 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn. 2

    D Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    Vc.

    Basso

    ple ni- sunt coe li,- sunt coecoe li-- et ter ra- glo ri- a,- glo ri- a,- glo ri- a- tu -

    ple ni- sunt coe li- et ter ra- glo ri- a,- glo ri- a,- glo ri- a- tu -

    ple ni- sunt coe li- et ter ra- glo ri- a,- glo ri- a,- glo ri- a- tu -

    ple ni- sunt coe li- et ter ra- glo ri- a,- glo ri- a,- glo ri- a- tu - -

    42

    6 643

    53

    7 65

    97

    6 65

    6 54

    -3

    118

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    Allegro molto10

    Cl. 1

    Cl. 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn. 2

    D Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    Vc.

    Basso

    a.

    a.

    O san- na- in ex -

    a.

    O san- na- in ex cel- - - - - - - -

    a. O san- na- in ex cel- sis,- - - - - - - in ex cel- - sis, O san- na-

    colla parte

    119

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    21

    Cl. 1

    Cl. 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn. 2

    D Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    Vc.

    Basso

    O san- na- in ex cel- - - - - - - - - - - -

    cel sis,- - - - - - - - - - in ex cel- - - - sis.

    - - sis. O san- na- in ex cel- sis,- - - - - - in ex -

    in ex cel- sis,- - - - - - -

    O san- na-

    120

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    31

    Cl. 1

    Cl. 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn. 2

    D Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    Vc.

    Basso

    - sis, in ex cel- sis,- - - -

    in ex cel- - - -

    O san- na- in ex cel- - - - - - - - sis, in ex -

    cel sis,- - in ex cel- sis,- - - - in ex cel- sis.- - -

    in ex cel- sis,- - - - in ex cel- - - - sis, in ex cel- -

    121

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    41

    Cl. 1

    Cl. 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn. 2

    D Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    Vc.

    Basso

    sis.- -

    O san- na- in ex cel- - - - - -

    cel sis,- - - in ex cel- - - sis,

    O san- na- in ex cel- sis,-

    O san- na- in ex cel- - - - - sis, in ex cel- - - -

    sis,- - - - - - in ex cel- - - - sis, in ex cel- - - -

    122

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    51

    Cl. 1

    Cl. 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn. 2

    D Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    Vc.

    Basso

    - - - - - sis.

    O san- na- in ex cel- -

    in ex cel- sis.-

    O san- na- in ex cel- - - - - - - -

    sis.- O san- na- in ex cel- - - - sis, in ex cel- - - - - -

    - - - - - - - - - - sis.

    123

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    61

    Cl. 1

    Cl. 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn. 2

    D Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    Vc.

    Basso

    sis.- -

    O san- na- in ex cel- sis,- - - - - -

    - - - - - - - - - - sis,

    sis, in ex cel- sis.- - - -

    O san- na- in ex cel- -

    O san- na- in ex cel- sis,- - - - - - - - in ex -

    124

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    71

    Cl. 1

    Cl. 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn. 2

    D Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    Vc.

    Basso

    in ex cel- sis,- - - -

    in ex cel- - - -

    in ex cel- - - - sis,

    in ex cel- sis,- - - -

    sis,- -

    in ex cel- sis,- in ex cel- sis,- in ex cel- -

    cel sis,- in ex cel- - sis, in ex cel- sis.- - - -

    O -

    125

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    81

    Cl. 1

    Cl. 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn. 2

    D Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    Vc.

    Basso

    - - sis.

    O san- na- in ex cel- - - -

    O san- na- in ex cel- sis,- - - - - - - - in ex cel- -

    - - - - sis.

    O san- na- in ex cel- - - - - -

    san na- in ex cel- sis,- - - - - in ex cel- si,- - - in ex cel- -

    126

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    91

    Cl. 1

    Cl. 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn. 2

    D Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    Vc.

    Basso

    - - - - - - - - - - - sis. O - san na- in ex -

    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - sis, in ex cel- -

    - - - - - sis. O san- na- in ex cel- sis,- - - - -

    - - - - - - - - - - - sis, O san- na- in ex -

    127

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    100

    Cl. 1

    Cl. 2

    Bsn 1

    Bsn. 2

    D Tpt

    Timp.

    A. Tbn.

    Tbn.

    B. Tbn.

    Vln. I

    Vln. II

    Vla.

    S.

    A.

    T.

    B.

    cel sis,- - - - - - - - - in ex cel- sis,- - in ex cel- sis.- -

    sis, in ex cel- sis,- - - - - - in ex cel- sis,- - in ex cel- sis.- -

    in ex cel- sis,- - - - - - in ex cel- sis,- - in ex cel- sis.- -

    cel sis,- - - - - - - - - in ex cel- sis,- - in ex cel- sis.- -

    128