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Reproduction & Development

Asexual reproduction in plants and animals

Figure 18.1: Sporulation inRhizopus.

RY/jamilah/SB027/10-11 71

CHAPTER 18: REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT


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Figure 18.2: Budding in yeast. Figure 18.3: Budding inHydra.

Figure 18.4: Binary fission in Amoeba.

Figure 18.5: Vegetative propagation by bulb in onion.



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Figure 18.6: Vegetative propagation by rhizome in ginger.

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants

Figure 18.7: Longitudinal section of flower.



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Figure 18.8: Tranverse section of anther.



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Figure 18.11: A summary of formation of female gamete.


Figure 18.10: Formation of pollengrain and male gametes.

Figure 18.9: A summary of formation of pollengrain.


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Figure 18.12: Formation of embryo sac and female gametes.

Figure 18.13: Germination of pollen grain and growth of pollen tube.



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Figure 18.16: Various stages of development of embryo.


Figure 18.14: Double fertilization in flowering

plant.

Figure 18.15: Zygote divides to give a shortchain of cells when primary endosperm

nucleus divides to give a mass of nuclei.


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Figure 18.17: Structure of a) An endospermic dicotyledonous seed.b) A non-endospermic dicotyledonous seed.

c) A monocotyledonous seed.

Figure 18.18: Epigeal germination.



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Figure 18.19: Hypogeal germination of a) broad bean b) maize.


Human reproductive system


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Figure 18.20: Male urinogenital system.

Figure 18.21: Internal structure of testis.

Figure 18.22: Structure of a spermatozoa.



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Figure 18.23: Seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells. Cells in various stages ofspermatogenesis are found in the seminiferous tubules.



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Figure 18.25: Part of the wall of a seminiferous tubule and interstitial cells.

Sertoli cell and cells in various stages of spermatogenesis are shown.


Figure 18.24: Spermatogenesis


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Figure 18.26: Hormonal control of spermatogenesis.

Figure 18.27: Role of hormones in controlling the functions of testis. Solid arrows

indicate stimulation and broken arrows indicate inhibition.



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Figure 18.28: Frontal view of female urigenital system.

Figure 18.29: Lateral view of female urinogenital system.



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Figure 18.30: Oogenesis



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Figure 18.31: Tranverse section through an ovary showing the stages in the developmentof a follicle, ovulation and formation and regression of the corpus luteum.

Figure 18.32: Structure of secondary oocyte. The secondary is surrounded by the zona

pellucida and corona radiate.



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Figure 18.33: Summary of gametogenesis in the male and female.

Figure 18.34: Menstrual cycle of a female showing relative levels of follicle stimulating

hormone, luteinising hormone, oestrogen and progesterone in the blood, the developmentof follicle in the ovary and changes in the endometrium of the uterus.



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Figure 18.35: Hormonal control of oogenesis.

Figure 18.36: Interaction of hormones controlling the menstrual cycle. Solid arrows

indicates stimulation and broken arrows indicate inhibition.


Stimulate growth/ thickening ofendometrium


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Figure 18.37: Events leading to fertilization.


Figure 18.38: Cleavage and implantation.

Figure 18.39: Blastocyst


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Figure 18.40: Human foetal development.



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Figure 18.41: Relationship between embryo, yolk sac, amnion, allantois and chorion.

The allantois develops from the hindgut of the embryo and growa towards the chorion to

form allanto-chorion. The allanto-chorion develops to form the placenta.


Figure 18.42: a) Fetus in uterusb) Structure of placenta

c) Thin barrier between blood in fetal

capillary and maternal blood in lacuna.


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Figure 18.43: Hormonal changes during pregnancy.

Figure 18.44: Role of hormones in birth process.



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1. Dilation of the cervix 2. Expulsion: delivery of the infant 3. Delivery of the placenta

Figure 18.45: The three stages of labor.

Figure 18.46: Newborn infant suckling at the breast showing details of the sucklingreflex. Lactation involves stimulation of milk secretion by prolactin and milk ejection by

oxytocin.

t18 (reproduction & development) 10

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