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REPUBLIC OF IRAQ

MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY (ESIA)

OF

THE REHABILITATION OF EXPRESSWAY NO. 1 IN IRAQ

(ERRP.CON.SSS.ESIA EW-1)

DRAFT FINAL REPORT

August 19, 2013

Partners in building an emerging world

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) EXPRESSWAY NO.1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYTABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1. INTRODUCTION S-1

2. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK S-1

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION S-2

4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS S-4

5. PUBLIC CONSULTATION S-5

6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS S-6

7. MITIGATION MEASURES S-7

8. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) S-8

9. MONITORING AND INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING S-9

Final ESIA Report S-i Consolidated Consultants

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) EXPRESSWAY NO.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION

This executive summary aims at presenting the main findings of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) conducted for the Rehabilitation of the Expressway no.1. The objective of the environmental and social assessment is to examine the environmental, and social impacts of the project (both construction and maintenance phase), and to propose mitigation measures, as well as providing the management plan of the proposed project.

This specific project activity is mandated by Iraqi Environmental Law and its guidelines for ESIA preparation. The Transport Corridors Project is categorized as an A, requiring an environmental and social assessment in accordance with the World Bank's Operational Policy on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) and Involuntary Resettlement Policy (OP4.12).

The document consists of the following chapters: legal and administrative framework, project description, environmental and social baseline conditions, public consultation, environmental and social impact analysis, mitigation measures, monitoring, and environmental and social management plan.

2. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A desk study was carried out by the study team to assess and prepare the most applicable legal and administrative framework to the proposed project. The assessment has taken into consideration, both the potential Iraqi environmental laws and those policies and procedures of the World Bank related to the subject project.

Iraqi Environmental Laws

Regulations no. 2 for the year 2001: Preservation of Water Resources

Law no. 27 for the year 2009: Protection and Improvement of Environment

Law no. 37 for the year 2008: The Ministry of Environment

Law no. 55 for the year 2002: The Law of Antiquities and Heritage

World Bank's Policies and Procedures

The World Bank has 10 current Operational Policies and Procedures:

- Pest Management (OP/BP 4.09)

- Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01)

- Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04)

- Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37)

- Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50)

- Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60)

- Forests (OP/BP 4.36)

- Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)

Final Revised ESIA Report S-1 Consolidated Consultants


- Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10)

- Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11)

The policies that apply and are triggered for this project are:

- Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01).

- Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12).

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

One of the Components proposed under the Iraq Transport Corridors Project is the rehabilitation of Sections 7, 8 and 9 of Expressway No. 1 (See Table 1). The investments under this Component will cover the installation of guardrails, signage, road marking, chain link fence and patching and paving as needed along the 3 sections. However, it was agreed that the World Bank Safeguard Policies will apply to all other sections to be rehabilitated in parallel irrespective of the source of funding; therefore they are included in this ESIA. Table I gives the details of all sections of Expressway I to be rehabilitated. All the project activities are within the right of way of existing road alignments and there is no land acquisition involved of any kind.

Table I: Expressway 1 Sections Section Part Length [km]

R4: Baghdad West – Hilla Southern 105R5: Hilla – Diwaniya Southern 77R6: Diwaniya-Nasiria Southern 145R7: Nasiria – Rumaila Southern 145R8A: Rumaila – BasraR8B: Rumaila – Safwan

SouthernSouthern

3181

R9A: Baghdad West – HabbaniyaR9B: Habbaniya – Hit

WesternWestern

6361

R10: Hit – Tullaha Western 134R11: Tullaha – Rutba Western 137R12: Rutba - Jordanian border Western 129R13: Jordanian junction-Syrian border Western 76

The Expressway is more than twenty years old. The length of the Southern Part of the road (from Baghdad to Safwan-Basra interchange) is about 510 km of 3x3 lanes with standing lane (15.5m width), then the road splits into a 51 km 2X2 lane heading to Basra, and 64 km 2X2 lane heading to Safwan. The southern part includes a section from Diwaniya to Nasiriya (R6) that is 145 km long and under construction with funding from the Government of Iraq. There is no ESIA and ESMP done for this section, it has been in construction on and off for several years.

The Government of Iraq has committed to applying the World Bank Safeguards Policies to the entire Expressway 1. This includes the segments of Expressway 1 that are not supported by the World Bank and under rehabilitation or construction. As such the environmental and social due



diligence of these road segments will include the preparation of environmental audits and resettlement audits prior to the end of the appraisal period of the World Bank funded road segments. These environmental and social audits will assess the non-Bank funded road segments compliance with the safeguards policies, identify any gaps in terms of environmental and social management and develop corrective action plans, if needed.

Whereas, the Western Part of the road starting from Bagdad to Rutbah is a 455 km 3X3 lane with standing lane (15.5m width), splitting into two 2X2 lane roads, from Rutbah to Tribel ( Jordanian Border), and Rutbah to Al Walid ( Syrian Border). Figure A below shows the Expressway path (both western and southern). The expressway passes through several governorates of Iraq such as Al Anbar, Baghdad, Babel, Al Qadisiya, Al Muthanna, Dhi Qar and Basra.

The existing features of Expressway No. 1 include:

Length (including interchanges length): 1250 km 6-lane sections: 800 km (except for the Diwaniya – Nasiriya section that is currently under

construction) 4-lane sections: 450 km Number of interchanges: 25 Number of expressway branches: 3 80 expressway bridges with total length: 9230 m 117 road overpasses with total length: 6820 m Number of rest areas with fuel station: 18 Number of parking areas: 200



Figure A: Map of Iraq showing the path of Expressway No. 1The proposed Project works will include the following road maintenance/rehabilitation type of activities:

Road marking Installation of guardrails between both sides and on sides where necessary Installation of signs and road furniture Installation of a chain link fence on both sides of the road Rehabilitation of the asphalt as needed Other rehabilitation works as determined necessary by the technical assessment

4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS

The expressway spans most of the western, central and southern territories of Iraq. It crosses flat land, primarily desert and semi-desert. The western section of the road crosses sparsely populated area; the central and southern part crosses more densely populated agricultural land. Most of the expressway passes through agricultural land within 6 governorates and 17 population centres. The total population of the urban centres affected by the project is approximately 5.6 million inhabitants.

The present road conditions ranges from good to moderate. There is effectively no road signage and road furniture. Lighting is available on very limited stretches. There is no currently fence on either side or in the middle of the expressway as major parts of the fences have been demolished by the



occupation forces and others by inhabitants.

The western section of the expressway crosses Mesopotamian shrub desert, while the southern section crosses the Arabian Desert and shrublands. The most southern section of the road runs parallel to the Tigris-Euphrates Alluvial Salt Marshes. The road is occasionally crossed by wild mammals as there is currently no fencing. The road passes 2km from the boundary of the Important Bird Area (IBA) of Habbaniya.

The land use along expressway consists of sparsely populated or exploited plains, agricultural lands, and some urbanized areas. The predominant land use is agriculture. Some sections of the expressway are close to protected ecosystems, in particular areas designated as IBAs by the World Wildlife Fund and Birdlife International. Prominent among these IBAs in terms of birds and diversity of species is the Haur Al-Hammar critical wetlands. Industrial land use is rare or almost non-existent. The establishments are mainly public administration (governorate offices, formal army and police posts); farms; shops and services; licensed retail including small kiosks and restaurants; and small and informal businesses and vendors that sometimes encroach on the ROW (tire shops, car washers etc.).

Considerable encroachment on the Expressway ROW has occurred over the years. An inventory of the encroaching entities was undertaken in August 2012 and was augmented in June, 2013. These inventories informed the Baseline Census conducted for the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) which identifies PAPs adversely affected by the project and details mitigation and compensation measures. The RAP Baseline Census identified 151 entities encroached on the Expressway ROW. None of these were dwellings. Almost all are small businesses serving passing traffic, some of which appear to operate only on a seasonal basis. Twenty six of the entities are public, including police stations, check points and other public services such as fuel stations. Hence, a total of 125 entities encroached on the Expressway will need to be relocated. Relocation of these entities will be handled under the RAP.

No site specific Environmental data along the road alignment have been collected but monitoring data collected by the Ministry of Environment from Bagdad and Al-Zubair stations have been presented. The noise levels are elevated when heavy trucks are located.

5. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

Extensive public consultations were undertaken along the full length of the alignment and with a wide array of stakeholders including, public sector officials at the community and local government level; owners and workers in licenced establishments operating along the roadway including gas stations, restaurants, shops, vehicle workshops, and vendors; operators of unlicensed and encroaching entities (larger- and smaller-scale) along the Expressway including tire repair shops, vendors, food services, etc.; farmers and herders; and individual community members, including .men, women and youth.

Public consultations occurred through two modes. One method used was one-on-one or small group discussions and interviews. Annex 1 lists the 25 points along the Expressway where these interviews were held. The second method of consultation was via larger town hall-type meetings. Two such meetings were held, one towards the western end of the Expressway and one towards the eastern end. Direct and open invitations were issued to these meetings and transportation to the



venues were facilitated for those wishing to participate. Over 60 participants participated in each of the town halls.

Annex 2 contains detailed information about the town hall consultations.

The consultations revealed that there was widespread support for the improvement and upgrading of Expressway 1. PAPs acknowledged the danger presented to both travellers and roadside entities by the poor road quality and fast moving traffic. PAPs were also strongly supportive of the proposed relocation of roadside business entities to conglomerates on lay-bys which would have new services and be clustered around gas stations; they felt that this would significantly improve their business opportunities, plus it would provide them with access to new, important facilities such as WCs and waste disposal. No concerns were expressed about movement of facilities to the new lay-bys or to daily travel to the new lay-by sites since the relocation sites will be in close proximity to their existing concerns and will, in many cases, assist the entities in improving the standard of their structures. PAPs working in smaller, unlicensed concerns which have encroached on the ROW were very supportive of the relocation since their facilities would be upgraded and they would be allocated a formal site on which to operate. Stakeholders were also very supportive of road work opportunities being provided to local residents given the prevailing high unemployment rate.

The consultations highlighted a number of concerns and interests of PAPs which are being acted upon by the MOCH. These included: the need for establishment of formal parking areas adjacent to the new lay-bys for vehicles, and particularly freight trucks, to ensure order and safety; the relocation of police and security centres along the Expressway as their current inappropriate locations are widely considered to cause accidents; provision of lighting at the lay-bys for security and safety; provision of adequate numbers of overpasses to serve community members who need to cross the road; rehabilitation of underpasses for agricultural and herding enterprises along the road; reduce the opportunities for vehicles to make u-turns since this is causing accidents; and need for improved signage and traffic control (including for speeding) on the road.

6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS

The environmental and social impact assessment started with the scoping analysis where the key potential impacts were identified followed by more details impact analysis. The negative environmental and social impacts of the construction activities of the project are expected to be relatively minor and short-term. None of the identified negative impacts of individual construction activities was scored as particularly significant.

The project activities with the highest number of identified negative impacts are: - relocation of small businesses which have encroached on the ROW; - traffic diversion and construction of access points; - installation of fence on both sides of the road; - restoration of road surface; - rehabilitation of bridges and underpasses; - generation and disposal of construction waste; and - operation of the workers camps.

Predicted negative environmental impacts:



Physical aspects mostly affected by the construction phase are: noise level and air quality. The most sensitive physical and ecological aspects of the receiving environment are found to

be noise emission and ecosystem fragmentation. The ecological aspects mostly affected by the construction phase include impacts of fencing

and rehabilitation (resulting in very temporary closures) of underpasses on grassland and desert ecosystems.

The potential impact that might affect the IBA is noise during the construction activities. However, the distance to the IBA is sufficient to render the noise impact minor. Thus, the impact level is considered “low”.

Predicted negative social impacts:

Negative social impacts of the construction phase of the project are related primarily to relocation of small businesses which have encroached on the ROW, road and labour safety, and operation of the labour camps.

The social aspects related to encroachers on the ROW will be addressed through the implementation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP).

The relocation of small businesses on the ROW is planned to be undertaken only after completion of alternative dedicated lay-bys which will provide vending areas, easy access for passing traffic with parking, and provision of basic services. The provision of completed lay-bys before relocation is being done to minimize livelihood losses by small businesses during the actual relocation.

The most sensitive social aspects of the project are: relocation of small business located on the ROW, provision of local employment on the road works, maintenance of integrity of the local community, and clearing of the existing underpasses for farmers and farm equipment, herders and livestock, and other persons to facilitate easy access from one side of the Expressway to the other.

Predicted combined negative impacts:

The most significant negative impacts – which are still of relatively minor significant – resulting from the combination of impact significance, weight of the construction activities, and sensitivity of the receiving environment and social context are: impact of road fencing on agricultural activities spread across both sides of the Expressway, relocation of small businesses encroaching on the ROW, impact of road resurfacing on noise levels, and impacts of labour camps operation on the integrity of the local communities.

Predicted positive impacts:

The single positive impacts of the project construction phase relate primarily to generation of local employment.

The most significant positive impacts of the construction phase of the project resulting from the combined effect of impact significance, weight of the construction activities, and



sensitivity of the receiving environment and social context are: the safety impacts of road fencing and safety barriers, the positive effects of improved signage and road furniture, the improved, dedicated, and much safer facilities provided for small businesses originally located on the ROW, road resurfacing and labour camps on local employment; the labour opportunities created by road rehabilitation works.

The short-term, negative impacts of the construction phase will be offset by long term positive impacts after completion of the works, including from relocation of small businesses encroaching on the ROW.

One of the positive impacts of the project during operation is improved road safety due to the installation of side and median guardrails, signs and road furniture, installation of fence on both sides of the road, and provision of dedicated vendor lay-bys off the ROW. All these features are protective measures and will reduce the projected number of fatalities and injuries despite the growth in traffic and increase in vehicle operating speed.

7. MITIGATION MEASURES

The mitigation section addressed the key environmental and social impacts identified. The key mitigation measures for the construction phase of the project include:

Avoid noisy operations at the night.

Minimise noisy operations in road sections that are located close to the IBAs. In such sections noise machines should be replaced by manual workers wherever practicable.

Apply road watering during construction works and after heavy movements.

Maintain vehicles and machinery in good condition in order to minimize gas emissions and noise.

Avoid bitumen melting activities in open spaces.

Ensure that construction preparations are located away from populated areas.

Confining vehicle maintenance and refuelling to areas in construction camps designed to contain spilled lubricants and fuels.

Animal crossing structures should be regularly maintained to avoid closure.

Monitoring and maintaining paths and underpasses to ensure safety and ease of movement for wildlife and livestock.

Minimizing waste generation.

General waste must be collected and transported to local council approved disposal sites.

Refuse containers must be located at each worksite.

Where practical, waste must be segregated and reused / recycled (e.g. scrap metal).

Provision of alternative, safer, dedicated lay-bys for small businesses currently encroaching on the ROW and, as necessary, compensation for any losses in income/livelihoods incurred during the relocation (although measures are planned to minimize the chances of any such losses occurring).



Clearing of underpasses to accommodate movement of farmers and farming equipment, herders and livestock, and other persons from one side of the Expressway to the other.

Personal protection equipment such as eyeglasses, gloves, hard heads and safety belts must be supplied.

Road maintenance is associated with relatively minor negative impacts, most of which are of a temporary nature and can be alleviated with good practice. Contractors are responsible for adhering to these mitigation measures and implementing them throughout the duration of their contracts. The relocation of vendors and small businesses currently located on the ROW is the responsibility of the Government.

8. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)

The following table summarizes the expected impacts, their mitigation measures, monitoring plan, and the responsible authority to follow up the action plan for each monitoring activity.

The measures in the ESMP are based on the assessment of potential impacts as stated in this ESIA document and are summarized in the Table A and Table B below. Majority of the cost of implementing the ESMP will be integrated into the contactor’s cost for each section; however the project envisages that about US$ 7,152,900 will be needed to cover the following: ESMP construction phase; monitoring (construction and operation phases) and capacity building and institutional aspects of the ESMP.

9. MONITORING & INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING

The monitoring activities will ensure the proper implementation of the environmental and social mitigation measures. The monitoring program will focus on noise impact and air quality, water quality, and relocation and re-establishment of small businesses and vendors within the project area. The monitoring activities will rely on the supervising consultant of all environmental and social impacts to determine contractor and government entity compliance or otherwise with the ESMP. The consultant will monitor the application of environmental and social mitigation measures and the result of monitoring activities shall be reflected on the monthly report. See Tables C, D & E. Institutional strengthening and Training Implantation are presented in Table F.


ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) EXPRESSWAY NO.1EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Table A: ESMP during the Construction Phase

ProjectActivity

Potential Environmental

and Social Impacts

Proposed MitigationMeasures

Frequencyof

Measurement

Institutional Responsibilities

(Incl. Enforcement & Coordination)

CostEstimates

Comments

(E.G. Secondar

y Impacts)

Traffic Diversion And Construction Site Access Points

* Air Quality And Noise

* Reduce Working Night Shifts As Much As Possible In Populated Areas.

* Apply The Iraqi Regulation For Ambient Noise Levels During This Phase As A Major Tool In Designing The Construction Activities Schedule.

*Apply Road Watering After Heavy Movements

Continuous

Weekly

* The Project Contractor In Coordination With The Supervision Consultant.

* MoCH in close coordination with MoI

*Included Within Contractor's Fees

*This will be incorporated in the lump sum of $150,000 for air quality monitoring

Road and labour safety

* Use Personal Protective Gear by workers, and make first aid available onsite.

*provide warning signs at suitable distance around working areas

*Continuous during construction

* The Project Contractor in coordination with the Supervision Consultant / TBD

*Included within contractor's fees

Relocation of small businesses encroaching on ROW

Economic loss and hardship

* Establishment of dedicated rest areas outside the ROW with services provided. Completion of rest areas will be done before relocation of small businesses to minimize loss of income during relocation.

Once for each road segment

MoCH/SCRP US$6,192,900

for the whole road



ProjectActivity


and Social Impacts


Frequencyof

Measurement



CostEstimates

Comments

(E.G. Secondar

y Impacts)

* Compensation will be provided for loss of income resulting from relocation

Installation of side, median guardrails and fence on both sides of the road

* Grassland and desert ecosystems

* Mapping of home range of wild life to enable establishment of baseline and select locations for underpasses

*Periodic cleaning and maintenance of service culverts used for wildlife passage

* Re-cultivating affected vegetations to the extent possible

* Final design documents

* After construction

* The Project Contractor in coordination with the Supervising Consultant / TBD

* Included within contractor's fees

* Varies with sub-projects depending on its characteristic

Relocation after completion of work

Relocation of small businesses

Provide access road to the new rest areas

Once at the beginning of the project

MoCH/SCRPIncluded within contractors fee



ProjectActivity


and Social Impacts


Frequencyof

Measurement



CostEstimates

Comments

(E.G. Secondar

y Impacts)

Delivery of construction materials

Air Quality and Noise

* Covering of delivered materials.

* Proper storage of construction materials

* Avoid noisy operations at night

* Apply road watering after heavy movements

Continuous during construction



Very short term


*Limit speed of the vehicles*Avoid working near populated

centres*Proper warning system within

delivery sites*Provide Personal safety

devices for workers

Continuous during

construction

The Project Contractor in coordination with the Supervising Consultant / TBD

Included within contractor's fees

Restoration of road surface

(including current paving of

the Diwaniya-Nasiriya

section) Air Quality and Noise

*Avoid bitumen melting activities in open spaces

*Ensure that construction preparations are located away from populated areas

*Maintain vehicles and machinery in good condition in order to minimize gas emissions and noise

Continuous during

construction



Cumulative Impacts

Road and Labour safety

*Limit speed of the vehicles*Proper warning system within




ProjectActivity


and Social Impacts


Frequencyof

Measurement



CostEstimates

Comments

(E.G. Secondar

y Impacts)

devices for workersRehabilitation of bridges and

UnderpassesNoise Level

*Avoid working at night*Maintain vehicles and

machinery in good condition in order to minimize gas emissions and noise

Continuous during

construction



Long term positive

Grassland / desert Eco System

*Mapping of home range of wild life to enable establishment of baseline and select locations for underpasses


* Ensure crossing structures located appropriately to minimize movement barrier effect. Suitable habitats are covered by associated vegetation cover and where crossed by the fenced road should be connected via crossing structures to ensure habitat continuity

*Ensure underpasses are cleared to facilitate movement of farmers, herders, and other persons needing ready access to

Quarterly The Project Contractor in coordination with the Supervising Consultant / TBD




ProjectActivity


and Social Impacts


Frequencyof

Measurement



CostEstimates

Comments

(E.G. Secondar

y Impacts)

the other side of the Expressway.* Re-cultivating affected

vegetations to the extent possible

Road and labour Safety

* Limit speed of the vehicles* Proper warning system within

delivery sites* Provide Personal safety

devices for workers

Continuous during

construction

The Project Contractor

in coordination with the Supervising

Consultant / TBD

Included within

contractor's fees

Generation and disposal of construction wastes

Agricultural soil

Confining vehicle maintenance and refuelling to areas in construction camps designed to contain spilled lubricants and fuels,

- Using special containers with complete labelling,

- Using second containment tanks for oil collection and handling,

Collecting, storing and disposing to approved disposal sites, according to MOE requirements, and,

To the extent possible, reusing, recycling and

Continuous during

construction



Consultant / TBD

Included within

contractor's fees

Assume good Practice

* Air Quality and Noise* Landscape value



ProjectActivity


and Social Impacts


Frequencyof

Measurement



CostEstimates

Comments

(E.G. Secondar

y Impacts)

properly disposing of all construction materials

Collecting rehabilitation material and transferring it to a licensed dumping site.

Labour camps

Agricultural soil Avoid camp construction over agricultural land

Once / before construction

The Project Contractor in coordination with

the Supervising Consultant / TBD

Included within

contractor's fees

Location specificLandscape value Avoid waste disposal in

unspecified areas Continuous



Included within

contractor's fees

Integrity of the Local Community

Ensure local employment and ensure labour camps are not located inside communities

Continuous



Included within

contractor's fees

Combined Activities Noise

Avoid noisy parallel construction activities, especially near to IBA. Replace noise equipment by manual work near IBAs.

Continuous



Included within

contractor's fees

Table B: ESMP during Maintenance Phase



ProjectActivity

Potential Environmental and

Social Impacts


Frequencyof

Measurement


(incl. enforcement & coordination)

CostEstimates

Comments(e.g.

secondary impacts)

Road Marking

Road SafetyAir Quality and NoiseWaste Management

Use proper warning signs at suitable distance

during maintenance

MoCH As needed / per unit

Only in maintenance areas

Maintenance of side and median guardrails Avoid working at night during

maintenance

Repair of fence Proper collection of waste in working areas.

during maintenance

Maintenance of road surface Avoid bitumen melting activities in open spaces

during maintenance

Maintenance of bridges and cleaning of underpasses

Regular Cleaning of underpasses and culverts Winter season

Maintenance of service areas for relocated small businesses Waste Management Periodic cleaning and

maintaining services areas QuarterlyMunicipality

As needed Only in lay-bys



Table C: Monitoring During Construction

ParametersTo Be

Monitored

ProposedMitigationMeasure

LocationMeasurements

(Incl. Methods & Equipment)

FrequencyOf

Measurement

Responsibilities(Incl. Review And

Reporting)

Cost Of(Equipment

& Individuals)

Air Quality

* Concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5), NOx, SOx, and VOCs

* Apply (spray) water to the construction surface and other piled materials such as sand as much as needed.

* Perform periodical check and maintenance for the construction machinery

* Monitor/measure concentrations of particulate matter

Along the Road, especially near intersections with population centres

In cities and governorates with fixed and mobile air quality monitoring stations close to the expressway 1

* Site inspection

* Measuring concentrations of air pollutants using monitoring equipment and appropriate monitoring methods

Daily

Weekly

* Included in Contractors offer

*Contractor/Supervising Consultant in coordination with dedicated engineer

* MocH/MOE staff using existing fixed and mobile air quality stations

*Third party monitoring by trained MOE staff. Cost: Lump sum of

$ 150,000 to cover allowances, transport and equipment maintenance and calibration

Noise Level

* Hearing

* Reduce working night shifts as much as possible in populated areas.

* Apply the Iraqi Regulation for ambient noise levels during this phase as a major tool in designing the


* Site inspection

* Measuring of noise levels using monitoring equipment and appropriate monitoring methods

Daily * Contractor * Included in Contractors offer

*Supervising Consultant / TBD in coordination with dedicated engineer

*Equivalent of one full time environmental



ParametersTo Be

Monitored




FrequencyOf

Measurement


Reporting)

Cost Of(Equipment

& Individuals)

construction activities schedule.

monitoring specialist who shall report to Supervising Consultant / Included in the rate above

Biodiversity

Site clearance-vegetation removal and habitat disturbance

Good site management practices to be observed to ensure minimal disturbance of habitats and sites

Along the Road, especially near intersections with population centres, base camps and borrow sites

Site inspection During construction

* Contractor* Supervising

Consultant / TBD in coordination with dedicated engineer


Waterways

Contamination of waterways due to spillages and disposal of liquid wastes

Maintenance of well-kept construction site and no discharge of effluents into waterways

Waterways/water bodies close to work sites and base camp

Visual inspection During construction




Drainage System

* Readiness of ditches and culverts for rainy season

* Periodic cleaning and maintenance of ditches and culverts

* Periodic inspection for solid waste disposal in culverts

culverts across the road

* Site inspection* Enforcing waste disposal regulations

During construction



*Included in Contractors offer

* equivalent of one full time environmental monitoring engineer /



ParametersTo Be

Monitored




FrequencyOf

Measurement


Reporting)

Cost Of(Equipment

& Individuals)specialist who shall coordinate and report to Supervising Consultant / Included in the rate above

Relocation of small businesses currently located on ROW

Relocation to new designated lay-bys provided with services and off the ROW

Near intersections and overpasses

Site Inspection and interviews; Grievance redress mechanism and ex-post relocation audit

During construction MoCH/SCRB

Included in contractor’s offer



Table D: Monitoring during Maintenance

ParametersTo Be

Monitored




FrequencyOf

Measurement


Reporting)

Cost Of(Equipment

& Individuals

)

Air Quality

* Apply (spray) water to the construction surface as needed.



Along the maintained section of the road especially near population centres

In Cities and governorates with fixed and portable air quality monitoring stations close to expressway 1

* Visual Site inspection

*periodic check

During maintenance

Weekly

* MoCH/MOE staff using existing fixed and mobile air quality stations

* MoCH staff and equipment

* Lump sum of $250,000 to cover allowances, transport and equipment maintenance and calibration

Noise Level

* No night shifts as much as possible in populated areas.


* Site inspection During maintenance

* MoCH * MoCH staff and equipment

Biodiversity* Good site management

practices to be observed

Along the Road, in particular near intersections with population centres, base camps and





borrow sites

Waterways

* No discharge of used oils/effluents into waterways




Drainage System





During maintenance

* MoCH* MoCH

staff and equipment

Maintenance of new vendor lay-bys and associated services

Periodic maintenance and waste management New lay-bys Visual inspection Quarterly Municipality

Municipality staff and equipment



Table E: Scheduling and Reporting

Activity

Year 1 Year 2 Subsequent years

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Mitigation Measure

Air QualityNoise LevelWaterwaysBiodiversitySocio-economyMonitoringAir QualityNoise LevelWaterwaysBiodiversitySocio-economyInstitutional StrengtheningMitigationMonitoringTraining



Table F: Institutional Strengthening and Training for ImplementationInstitutional

Strengthening Activity

Position(s)(institutions, contractors,

construction supervision consultant)Scheduling Responsibilities Cost Estimates

ESIA and requirements of OP4.01 and OP4.12

Project owner (Iraqi Ministry of Construction and Housing and involved governorates: Anbar, Babel, Al-Qadisiya, Al-Muthanna, Dhi-Qar, and Al-Basra)

Throughout project implementation and first year of operation

Project owner 5,000 USD for once + 5,000 USD first year of operation – per governorate

(Total budget is a multiplication for the 6 governorates)

Mitigation Project owner (Iraqi Ministry of Construction and Housing and involved governorates)

Throughout project implementation and operation

Project owner 5,000 USD per year of construction + 5,000 USD per year of operation– per governorate(Total budget is a multiplication for the 6 governorates)

Construction Supervisor Throughout construction period

Consultant 5,000 USD per year of construction– per governorate(Total budget is a multiplication for the 6 governorates)

Contractor Throughout construction period


Monitoring Project owner (Iraqi Ministry of Construction and Housing and involved governorates)


Project owner 5,000 USD per year of construction + 5,000 USD per year of operation– per governorate(Total budget is a multiplication for the 6 governorates)







Institutional Strengthening

Activity

Position(s)(institutions, contractors,

construction supervision consultant)Scheduling Responsibilities Cost Estimates

Training Participants Types of Training

Contents Scheduling Cost Estimates

Consultation sessions - preparation and management.

* Staff of the 6 involved governorates: Anbar, Babel, Al-Qadisiya, Al-Muthanna, Dhi-Qar, and Al-Basra* Staff of Iraqi Ministry of Construction and Housing

* On-the-job training workshops

* Preparing for a consultation session* Audience nomination (focus groups)* Consultation communication skills* Effective management of consultation output

During real time conduction of scoping session and public disclosure session

1,000 USD per trainee

(Total budget is a multiplication for nominated trainees from the 6 involved governorates)

* ESIA Implementation* ESMP Implementation


* Off-the-job training workshops

* Core value of implementing a ESIA* Key elements of ESIA and systematic approach* Regulatory framework and literature review* Identifying target groups and valued environmental and social components* Analyzing impacts and putting pollution prevention measures* Key elements of environmental and social management plans* Effective monitoring plan (approaches and fund resources)

Twice a year during construction and operation

35,000 USD to 50,000 USD depending upon number of trainees from the Ministry and from the 6 involved governorates + venue expenses



FINAL ESIA REPORT (MAIN REPORT)

Final Revised ESIA Report Consolidated Consultants


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Table of Contents iList of Tables ivList of Figures ivList of Abbreviations vi

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY S-1

1. Introduction S-1

2. Legal and Administrative Framework S-1

3. Project Description S-2

4. Environmental and social baseline conditions S-4

5. Public Consultations S-5

6. Environmental and social impact analysis S-6

7. Mitigation measures S-7

8. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) S-8

9. Monitoring & Institutional Strengthening S-8

FINAL ESIA REPORT (MAIN REPORT)1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.2 Objectives of the ESIA 1

2 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 32.1 Introduction 3

2.2 World Bank's Policies and Procedures 3

2.2.1 Environmental Policies 4

2.2.2 Social Policies 5

2.2.3 Mandatory Bank Procedures 6

2.2.4 WB Safeguard Guidelines 7

2.3 Environmental International and Regional Conventions and Treaties 7

2.4 Iraqi Environmental Laws 9

3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 123.1 Background and Project Rationale 12

3.2 Project Description 12

3.3 Project Works 24

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3.4 Construction Activities 29

4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS 304.1 Project Setting 30

4.2 Land Use 32

4.3 Population Centres 34

4.3.1 Demography 37

4.4 Present conditions of Expressway No. 1 38

4.4.1 Road Condition 38

4.4.2 Safety Devices 40

4.4.3 Water Crossings 42

4.4.4 Structures, Establishments and Commercial Activities along Alignment 42

4.5 Physical Environment 43

4.5.1 Air Quality and Noise 43

4.5.2 Surface Water Resources 45

4.6 Ecological and Biological Resources 47

4.6.1 Biogeography 47

4.6.2 Biodiversity of the Terrestrial Ecosystems along Expressway No. 1 48

4.6.2.2 Arabian Desert and East Saharo-Arabian Xeric Shrublands 50

5 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 555.1 Public Consultations Process 55

5.2 Results of consultations carried out along the Expressway No. 1 63

5.3 Results of Public Consultation Sessions 64

5.3.1 Western Consultation Session 64

5.3.2 Southern Consultation Session 65

5.4 Grievance Redress Mechanism 666. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ANALYSIS 67

6.1 Introduction 67

6.3 Environmental and Social Impacts during the Construction Phase of the Project 70

6.3.1 Introduction 70

6.3.2 Physical Aspects 71

6.3.3 Ecological Aspects 72

6.3.4 Social Aspects 73

6.3.5`Combined impacts of parallel construction activities 78

6.4 Maintenance Phase 79

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6.4.2 Ecosystem Aspects 80

7. MITIGATION MEASURES 817.2 Construction Phase 81


7.2.2 Ecological Aspects 83

7.2.3 Social Aspects 83

7.3 Maintenance Phase 85

7.3.1 Physical 85

8. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 879. MONITORING 9310. REFERENCES 104ANNEXESAnnex 1 - Feedback from Consultation Points along the Expressway 101Annex 2: Consultation with PAPs 113

Introduction 113

1 Western Part: Public Consultation at Al Anbar Governorate-Ramadi 113

1.1 Workshop Participants 113

1.2 Workshop Components and Presentations Outline 113

1.3 Summary of Session Findings 115

2 Southern Part: Public Consultation held in Babel Governorate 115

2.1 Workshop Participants 116

2.2 Workshop Components and Presentations Outline 116

2.3 Summery of Session Findings 117

Annex 3 – Full Inventory 112

Annex 4 – Proposed Lay-bys for PAPs along Expressway No.1 263

Final Revised ESIA Report iii Consolidated Consultants


LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Summary of the relevant World Bank Safeguard Policies.....................................................7Table 2: Existing Iraqi Environment-related Legislation...................................................................10Table 3: Recent Iraqi Environmental legislation................................................................................11Table 4: Location of Main Cities along the Expressway and Relevant Distances.............................14Table 5: The Expressway No.1 Contract Documents and its Updates...............................................23Table 6: Carriageway Marking Quantities.........................................................................................24Table 7: Interchanges Ramps Marking Quantities.............................................................................25Table 8: Access Roads Marking Quantities.......................................................................................26Table 9: Guardrails Quantities Estimation.........................................................................................27Table 10: Fencing Quantities Estimation...........................................................................................27Table 11: Area of Land Use............................................................................................................... 33Table 12: Population Information over Governorate..........................................................................34Table 13: Relative Distances and Population of Localities in the Project Area.................................34Table 14: Age group Distribution...................................................................................................... 36Table 15: Family Sizes According to Districts...................................................................................36Table 16: TSP Data- Baghdad 3 Stations (2009)...............................................................................42Table 17: TSP Data - Al-Basra (2009)...............................................................................................43Table 18: Air Quality Data collected from Al-Basra Station.............................................................43Table 19Air Quality Data from Al-Zubair Station.............................................................................44Table 20: Survey and Consultation Points along the Road................................................................56Table 21: Impact Scoping Matrix for the Construction Phase of the Expressway No. 1...................69Table 22 USEPA Emission Factors for Construction Works.............................................................72Table 23 Cut and Cut and Filling Volume during Construction.........................................................72Table 24 Daily traffic volumes: 2012 and 2032 (prediction) - Vehicle/Day......................................73Table 25: Total vehicular emissions from Expressway No. 1 according to the HDM-IV - model. (Tonnes over

2013 -2034 period)..................................................................................................................... 75Table 26: Expected Numbers of Employment during Construction...................................................81Table 27: ESMP for Construction Phase............................................................................................ 91Table 28: ESMP for Maintenance Phase............................................................................................ 96Table 29 : Environmental and Social Management Plan Cost Estimate............................................98Table 30: Monitoring Plan during Construction.................................................................................99Table 31: Monitoring Plan during Maintenance...............................................................................102Table 32: Institutional Strengthening and Training for Implementation..........................................104Table 33: Scheduling and Reporting................................................................................................ 107

LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1: Map of Iraq showing the path of Expressway No. 1...........................................................13Figure 2: Al Anbar Governorate - Ar Rutba......................................................................................16Figure 3: Al Anbar Governorate - Ramadi.........................................................................................17Figure 4: Al Anbar Governorate - Fallujah........................................................................................18Figure 5: Baghdad Governorate - Abu Ghraib...................................................................................19Figure 6: Babylon Governorate - Hillah.............................................................................................20Figure 7: Al Qadisiyyah Governorate - Al Diwaniyah.......................................................................21Figure 8: Dhi Qar Governorate - Nasiriyah........................................................................................22

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Figure 9: Basra Governorate – Basra................................................................................................. 23Figure 10: Topography of Iraq........................................................................................................... 30Figure 11: Historical image of an overpass bridge of the newly build Expressway No. 1.................31Figure 12: Historical image of the newly built Expressway No.1......................................................31Figure 13: Mapping Vegetation Cover Percentages...........................................................................32Figure 14: Distribution of Land Use (part I)......................................................................................33Figure 15: Distribution of Land Use (part II).....................................................................................34Figure 16: Distribution of Population Centres along the Road..........................................................34Figure 17: Age Distribution............................................................................................................... 37Figure 18: Road Conditions............................................................................................................... 39Figure 19: Missing Single Guardrails................................................................................................. 40Figure 20: Missing Double Guardrails...............................................................................................40Figure 21: Missing Fence and Ordinary Post.....................................................................................41Figure 22: Missing Fence................................................................................................................... 41Figure 23: Expressway Crossing Waterways.....................................................................................42Figure 24: Expressway Intersection with Euphrates River near Ramadi...........................................45Figure 25: Expressway Intersection with Irrigation Channel near Diwaniyah...................................46Figure 26: Expressway Intersection with Euphrates River near Nasiriyah........................................46Figure 27: Terrestrial Ecoregions recognized in Iraq.........................................................................48Figure 28: Consultation Points (1-23)................................................................................................59Figure 29: Consultation points (24 – 35)............................................................................................ 60Figure 30: Consultation points (36 – 39)............................................................................................ 60Figure 31: Consultation points (40 – 53)............................................................................................ 61Figure 32: Consultation points (54 – 74)............................................................................................ 61Figure 33: Consultation Points (75-86).............................................................................................. 62Figure 34: Consultation with owners of affected People....................................................................62Figure 35: Buildings, shops and services along the Expressway.......................................................63Figure 36: Entities along the Iraq Expressway 1................................................................................73Figure 37: Entities along the Iraq Expressway 1................................................................................74Figure 38: Entities along the Iraq Expressway 1................................................................................74Figure 39: Entities along the Iraq Expressway 1................................................................................75Figure 40: Entities along the Iraq Expressway 1................................................................................75Figure 41: Entities along the Iraq Expressway 1................................................................................76Figure 42: Sample pictures during Consultation session at Al Ramadi............................................112Figure 43: Sample pictures during Consultation session at Babel....................................................115

Final Revised ESIA Report v Consolidated Consultants


List of Abbreviations

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study

BP Bank Policy Bank Procedure

CC Consolidated Consultants Engineering and Environment

ESCWA Economic Commission for Western Asia

EC European Countries

IBAs Important Birds Areas

IPM Integrated Pest Management

IFC International Finance Corporation

MoCH Ministry of Construction and Housing

MoE Ministry of Environment

MoI Ministry of Interior

NGOs Non Governmental Organization

NA Not Available

OP Operational Policy

PM Particulate matter

PCR Physical Cultural Resources

PPAH Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook

ROW Right of Way

TOR Terms of Reference

TSP Total Suspended Particulates

USD United States Dollars

USA United States of America

WB Word Bank

WHO World Health Organization

Final Revised ESIA Report vi Consolidated Consultants


1. INTRODUCTION

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is a process where the potential future environmental and social consequences of a proposed project or undertaking are identified and mitigated before irrevocable decisions are made. A well-constructed ESIA provides the basis for responsible corporate decision-making that is forward-looking and globally participatory. Potential issues are identified as early in the process as possible and solutions are developed to maximize project benefit while minimizing both front-end and downstream to avoid, minimize, and/or mitigate negative impacts.

Consolidated Consultants Engineering and Environment (CC) services have been retained for the preparation of Terms of References (TOR) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the rehabilitation of an existing road "Expressway No.1", and a team of experienced practitioners has been assembled to prepare a high quality TOR and ESIA for the proposed project.

The rehabilitation of the road will include:

1. Road marking.

2. Installation of guardrails between both sides and on sides where necessary.

3. Installation of signs and road furniture.

4. Installation of a chain link fence on both sides of the road.

5. Rehabilitation of the asphalt as needed.

6. Other rehabilitation works as determined necessary by the technical assessment.

This specific project activity is mandated by Iraqi Environmental Law and its guidelines for ESIA preparation. The Transport Corridors project is categorized as an A, requiring an environmental and social assessment in accordance with the World Bank's Operational Policy on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) and Involuntary Resettlement Policy (OP4.12).

The Government of Iraq has committed to applying the World Bank Safeguards Policies to the entire Expressway 1. This includes the segments of Expressway 1 that are not supported by the World Bank and are under rehabilitation or construction. As such the environmental and social due diligence of these road segments will include the preparation of environmental audits and resettlement audits prior to the end of the appraisal period of the World Bank funded road segments. These environmental and social audits will assess the non-Bank funded road segments compliance with the safeguards policies, identify any gaps in terms of environmental and social management and develop corrective action plans, if needed.

1.2 Objectives of the ESIA

The overall purpose is to prepare an ESIA in compliance with the applicable regulations, policies and guidelines. The specific objectives of the ESIA are:

a. Ensuring that potential significant positive and adverse environmental and social impacts are identified.

Final Revised ESIA Report 1 Consolidated Consultants


b. Capitalize on positive aspects and benefits, mitigate negative impacts and avoid serious and irreversible damage to the environment and people.

c. Prepare environmental and social management and monitoring plan to be abided by the proposed project to help ensure the stated above.

d. Ensuring that environmental and social factors are considered in the decision-making process of the proposed road upgrade including through effective consultation with potentially affected persons and stakeholders.

e. Where necessary, provide guidelines for Project Design to ensure its fulfillment with the compliance and mitigation measures to help ensure good environmental performance.

f. Informing the public about the proposed project and ensuring effective participation and involvement by all related stakeholders.



2 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

2.1 Introduction

A desk study was carried out by the study team to assess and present the most applicable legal and administrative framework to the proposed project. The study has taken into consideration, both the potential Iraqi environmental laws and those policies and procedures of the World Bank introduced in the project's TOR. Additionally, the foreseen legal and administrative framework by the TOR has been further enriched and narrowed to suit the requirements of the Valued Environmental Components arose from the public consultation. This chapter aims at providing a register for the most applicable legal and administrative regulations that mandates and governs the conduction of ESIA for the proposed project. The register overviews and encompasses the following:

Requirements of the Funding Agency (World Bank Policies and Procedures).

Related Environmental International and Regional Conventions and Treaties.

Laws and Regulations/by-laws for Iraq.

The legal framework described in this chapter spans the whole project cycle:

The planning and design process itself is conducted in accordance with the environmental and social legal and regulatory guidelines.

Design complies with the environmental and social legal and regulatory requirements.

Construction planned in a way to adhere to the requirements.

The ESIA fulfils the requirements in terms of imposed mitigation and environmental social management measures.

The following sections provide a description of the applicable laws and regulations.

2.2 World Bank's Policies and Procedures

The World Bank has 10 current Operational Policies and Procedures:

- Pest Management (OP/BP 4.09)

- Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01)

- Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04)

- Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37)

- Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50)

- Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60)

- Forests (OP/BP 4.36)

- Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)

- Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10)

- Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11)



The policies that apply and are triggered for this project are:

- Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01).

- Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12).

2.2.1 Environmental Policies

OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment

OP 4.01 is the key Operational Policy describing the environmental assessment procedure. The Bank requires environmental assessment of projects proposed for Bank financing. The objectives of the EA are to:

Ensure that projects proposed for Bank financing are environmentally and socially sound and sustainable.

Inform decision makers of the nature of environmental and social risks.

Increase transparency and participation of stakeholders in the decision-making process

Role of Bank and Borrower

Roles of both Bank and Borrowers stated by this operational policy are summarized as follows:

A. Bank:

Screens and sets Environmental Assessment Category

Advises Borrower on the Banks Environmental Assessment requirements

Reviews and determines adequacy of Environmental Assessment reports

Makes report available in Info-shop

Supervises implementation of Environmental Assessment/Environment Management Plan

B. Borrower:

Assists the bank in proper screening

Responsible for carrying out Environmental Assessment under Bank rules and national laws

Consults project-affected groups and local NGOs

Discloses draft/final documents

Responds to Bank and public

Supervises under Bank rules

Ensures compliance under national laws

Environmental Screening



The policy includes a classification for the proposed project into four categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity and nature of environmental impacts. The four categories include:

Category A: Significant adverse environmental impacts, board, irreversible, major resettlement or habitat. The subject project is included in this category "New construction or major upgrading of expressways or rural roads"

Category B: its impacts are less adverse than those of Category A projects

Category C: likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts

Category FI: when it involves investments through a financial intermediary, in subprojects undefined by appraisal with adverse impacts.

OP 4.04 Natural Habitats

The Operational Policy addresses the following main principles:

Safeguarding natural habitats and their biodiversity; avoiding significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats

Ensuring sustainability for services and products which natural habitats provide to human society.

2.2.2 Social Policies

OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources

This Operational Procedure is regulated by the World Bank to be implemented as an element of the Environmental Assessment; it is regulated in order to:

Ensure that Physical Cultural Resources (PCR) are identifies and protected in World Bank financed projects

Ensure that National laws governing the protection of physical cultural property are complied with

Ensure that PRC includes archaeological and historical sites, historic urban areas, scared sites, graveyards, burial sites, unique natural values

OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement

The World Bank’s Involuntary Resettlement Policy (IRP) Operational Policy (OP) 4.12 requires that environmental and social impacts of all projects it supports, be mitigated according to operational polices that spell out the principles and planning methods for mitigation work. The Word Bank’s IRP applies whenever property must be acquired, or its use modified, for a project, and that acquisition or modification results in the loss of income, residence or access to resources, either permanent or temporary and whether the occupation is legal or illegal. Resettlement of project affected persons (PAPs) in the project site will therefore be carried out in accordance with laws, regulations and guidelines for Resettlement/Land Acquisition Policy Framework of the Republic of



Iraq and World Bank’s Operational Policy (O.P) 4.12, which has resulted in the preparation of a full resettlement Action Plan (RAP).

World Bank OP 4.12 highlighted three major principles:

Involuntary resettlement is avoided wherever feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs;

Where it is not feasible to avoid involuntary resettlement, activities are conceived and executed as sustainable development programs. Displaced persons are to be meaningfully consulted and have opportunities to participate in the planning and implementing of resettlement programs affecting them; and

Displaced persons are assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living, or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. The mechanism of assisting displaced persons is based on full and prior mitigation and compensation for loss of assets or livelihoods.

OP 4.12 applies whenever, in a Bank-financed project, land is acquired involuntarily or access is restricted in legally designated parks or protected areas. If resettlement for the project begins before initial discussions with the Bank and the acquisition of the area is directly linked to the Bank project, then the substantive aspects of OP 4.12 apply retroactively. In other words, if an area is being cleared in anticipation of, or preparation for, a project, OP 4.12 would apply.

Grievance redress/ Public Complaints Centre

The Bank requires that RPs specify grievance procedures available to displaced persons (DPs). A checklist of issues to be considered in design of grievance procedures includes the following:

An inventory of any reliable conflict mediation organizations or procedures in the project area and an assessment to determine if any can be used instead of having to create new ones.

A review of grievance redresses mechanisms for simplicity, accessibility, affordability, and accountability. Good practice is to ensure that DPs can apply orally and in the local language and to impose explicit time limits for addressing grievances. Appeal procedures need to be specified, and that information needs to be made available to the DPs.

Any new committee created to address grievances will need to be given the authority to resolve complaints. Such committees normally include representatives of DPs or NGOs, as well as project officials and staff from other agencies with a substantial role in resettlement activities.

2.2.3 Mandatory Bank Procedures

BP 17.50 Bank Disclosure Policies

This mandatory Bank Procedure (BP) supports decision making through the Borrower and Bank by allowing the public access to information on environmental and social aspects of projects.

It is mandated by six safeguard policies that have specific requirements for disclosure.



In country: before project appraisal in local language and in English

Wold Bank INFO-Shop: before project appraisal in English (documents can be in draft but must meet World Bank standards)

2.2.4 WB Safeguard Guidelines

Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) General Guidelines

Occupational Health and Safety Guidelines – IFC

Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (and updates)

WB Participation Sourcebook

Electronic Resettlement Guidebook

Safeguard Policy Basics – Redbook

Table 1 summarises the applicable World Bank Safeguard Policies.

Table 1: Summary of the relevant World Bank Safeguard PoliciesSafeguard Policies

OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment

OP 4.04 Natural Habitats

OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources

OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement

BP 17.50 Bank Disclosure Policy

WB Safeguard Guidelines

Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook – PPAH

Occupational Health and Safety Guidelines – IFC

Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (and updates)

WB Participation Sourcebook

Electronic Resettlement Guidebook

Safeguard Policy Basics – Redbook

2.3 Environmental International and Regional Conventions and Treaties

Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and Their Disposal

The convention sets out the baseline guidance towards governing and managing hazardous waste moving across international boundaries. Applicability of this international convention to the subject projects emerges from the possibility of affecting the environment through a variety of hazardous



waste materials generated from construction and operational phases. According to the Convention, it is prohibited by any means the movement/export/import of hazardous waste through a boundary country, boundary movements. Reduction of hazardous waste generation should be ensured to the minimum, taking into account social, technological and economic aspects.

With regard to hazardous waste management, countries involved should take practical steps, to the extent possible, to provide adequate facilitations, for the environmentally sound management of hazardous waste and other wastes. Furthermore, prevention measures and practical steps should be ensured by the involved workers while managing wastes and hazardous wastes, this would also include minimization of consequences affecting human health and environment.

Climate Convention and Kyoto Protocol

The Convention on Climate Change sets an overall framework for intergovernmental efforts to tackle the challenge posed by climate change. It recognizes that the climate system is a shared resource whose stability can be affected by industrial and other emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. This convention is applicable to the subject project since construction and operation activities of the new road could contribute to a climate change impact.

UNESCO World Heritage Convention

The Convention gives a description on the "Cultural Heritage" and "Natural Heritage". Article 5 of this Convention addresses the need to ensure that effective and active measures are taken for the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage situated on its territory, each state party should adopt a policy to integrate its heritage into comprehensive planning programmes. Set up services and operating methods for the protection of natural and cultural heritage, develop scientific and technical studies and research to work out operating methods in order to counteracting the dangers that threatens its cultural or natural heritage.

UN Convention for the year 1992 for Biological Diversity

As stated in this Convention, the objectives of this convention are "the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding".

Article 14 of the Impact Assessment and Minimizing Adverse Impacts requires parties to introduce appropriate procedures requiring environmental impact assessment of its proposed projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity. These procedures should have a view to avoiding or minimizing such effects, and where possible allow for public participation in procedures.

2.4 Iraqi Environmental Laws



Regulations no. 2 for the year 2001: Preservation of Water Resources

As mentioned in article 8, it is prohibited to discharge or throw any kind or any amount of waste from the location to the common water of any kind or quantity, or whether the discharge was regular, irregular or temporary, for any reason, unless granted permission from the office of protecting and improving Environment or whom it shall authorize.

Law no. 27 for the year 2009: Protection and Improvement of Environment

The law aims at protecting and improving the environment through elimination and treatment of existing damages or damages likely to be caused. It also aims at preserving public health, natural resources, biodiversity as well as natural and cultural heritage; in coordination with the relevant authorities in a manner that ensures sustainable development through International and Regional cooperation in this regard.

Law no. 37 for the year 2008: The Ministry of Environment

Because of the importance of protecting and improving Environment and since Ministry of Environment bears the prime responsibility for protecting the environment and the public health to ensure the sustainable development and to achieve international and regional cooperation in this respect. This Law was legislated to define MOE structure, goals and the means of implementing them.

The law requires an agency carrying out activities that could affect the environment to prepare an environmental impact assessment.

It also establishes Standards. Specifications, Principles, and Controls required to determine the projects and fields that have been submitted to evaluate the studies of environmental impact assessment and prepares lists on the these projects, and put system and procedures for environmental impact assessment.

Law no. 55 for the year 2002: The Law of Antiquities and Heritage

This law defines all movable and immovable antiquities, archaeological properties and artefacts in Iraq. It regulates communication channels between the public and the authorities for each type of contact between the public and the revealed and non-revealed archaeological sites. Regulations governing contact with archaeological sites extend also to encompass developmental activities like road construction and rehabilitation wherever these developmental activities lie within archaeological vicinity.

Table 2 below summarises the Existing Iraqi Environmental legislation and Table 3 presents the recent Iraqi Environmental Legislation.

Table 2: Existing Iraqi Environment-related Legislation



Reference Title Current State

2009 – Law No. 30 (formerly 1955 – LAW No. 75)

Forest Law Updated 2009,In force

1965 –LAW No. 64 Cities land use In force1965 – LAW No. 106 Rangelands and their Protection In force

1966 –LAW No. 21 Noise prevention In force

1967 –LAW No. 25 System of rivers and other water resources protection from pollution (includes 45 pollutants)

Updated 2001,In force

1976 -LAW No. 48 Fishing, exploitation and protection of living aquatic species.

In force

2010 – LAW No. 17 (formerly 1979-LAW No. 21)

Law on the protection of wild animals and birds

Updated in 2010,In force

1980 –LAW No. 99 Protection from Ionizing radiation In force1981 –LAW No. 89 Public health (drinking water provision,

sanitation and environmental monitoring)In force

1997 –LAW No. 3 (formerly 1986 LAW No. 79)

Protection and improvement of environment Updated 2008,In force

1994 – LAW No.24 Planning Body In force1995 – LAW No.12 Maintenance of networks of irrigation and

drainageIn force

2001 –LAW No. 2 Water systems protection In force2002 LAW no. 55 The Law of Antiquities and Heritage In force2009 – Law No. 29 (1986- Regulation No. 67)

Updates Regulation No. 67, Regulate the regions for collecting debris (landfills).

In force

OTHER1961 – Regulation No. 33 Lease of beaches, islands and Miri surf lands

on which pastures or liquorice are naturally grown

In force

1981 - Regulation No. 13 Agricultural Research and Water Resources Centre

Updated 2008,In force

2009 – Regulation No. 17 (formerly 1985-Resolution No. 995)

Establishment of aquaculture operations Updated 2009,In force

1990 – Order No. Unknown Environmental criteria for agricultural, industrial and public service projects

In force

1991 - Decision No. 1 (EPB) Cutting of trees In force1992 - Instructions No. 11 Prohibition of plant importation into Iraq In force

Table 3: Recent Iraqi Environmental legislation



Reference Title Current State

2010- Law No.1 Consumer protection law In force

2010 – Law No.11 Protection of the Iraqi production In force

2009 Law No. 3 Joining in Basil convention for controlling the danger hazards.

In force

2009 – Law No.7 Iraq joining the convention of Desertification In force

2009 – Law No. 27 Iraqi Environmental protection and improvement law In force

2009 – Law No.28 Agricultural Loans to support the Iraqi farmers In force

2009 – Law No. 30 Law of Forests and nurseries In force

2008 – Law No. 7 Iraq joining the Climate Change Convention and Kyoto protocol

In force

2008 – Law No.12 Iraq joining UNESCO Convention to protect the cultural intangible heritage

In force

2008 – Law No. 37 (formerly 2003 – CPA ORDER 44)

Ministry of Environment Law - Establishment of the Ministry (instead of the former Council of Protection and Improvement of Environment)

Updated in 2008In force

2007 – Law No. 6 Iraq joining the Arabian memorandum of understanding in cooperation in marine transportation

In force

2007- Law No. 7 Iraq joining RAMSAR Convention for the wetlands In force

2007 – Law No. 22 Iraq joining the international agreement for Olive Oil In force

2007 –Law No. 42 Iraq joining Vienna convention and Montreal protocol to protect the Ozone layer.

In force

2007 – Law No. 48 Iraq joining the regional commission for Fish traps In force

2007 – Law NO NUMBER Investment law for Oil refineries Approved but not published

2008 – Law No. 31 Iraq joins the Convention for Biological Diversity In force

2010 – Order No. 74 Prohibition of plant importation into Iraq - Identifies the MoE and MoA as having sole authority over plant importation and states that all plants are prohibited for importation. Supports Instructions No. 11

In force



3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Background and Project Rationale

Iraq is represented in the Economic Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) which adopted the “Arab Mashreq International Road Network”. This network includes roads that are of international importance in the Arab Mashreq to be accorded priority in national plans of the road networks. The consent of all ESCWA countries was documented in the Agreement on International Roads in the Arab Mashreq.

Iraq’s main transport routes run North-South from Turkey, South-North through its port of Um Qasr, and East-West through its neighbours’ ports on the Mediterranean and Gulf of Aqaba. About 50 percent of Iraq’s imports come through its North-South corridor and enter through the Ibrahim El Khalil border from the EU, Russia and Central Asia via Turkey. Most Asian imports are trans-shipped at Dubai and use the port of Um Qasr to access the South-North corridor to reach Baghdad. This part of the corridor accounts for about 25 percent of total imports. The East-West corridors carry about 25 percent of the imports coming from Europe, Africa and Asia through the Mediterranean ports in Syria and Lebanon and the port of Aqaba in Jordan. Other corridors link Iraq with Iran in the East and Saudi Arabia in the South-West. Oil exports are dealt with through oil-only ports such as Basra.

The total number of reported traffic fatalities in Iraq was 5,708 in 2010 but the World Health Organization is estimating this number to be around 10,000 fatalities per year. According to the Global Burden of Disease- 2010 update, road traffic injuries are the 4th leading cause of Disabilities Adjusted and Life Years Lost for male age between 15 and 49. Iraq has a motorization rate of 77 vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants which is among the lowest in MENA countries. Therefore, as the motorization picks up with the development of the country, it is expected that the road safety situation will get even worth.

The traffic along the South-North and East-West Corridors is being served by Expressway 1 and carry between 15,000 and 30,000 Annual Average Daily Traffic, 40 % of which is trade traffic. In 2011, 202 fatalities were reported on expressway 1, which is equivalent to 0.2 fatalities per km or 1.1 fatalities per 100 million veh-km, this is among highest in the region for expressways traffic. The actual fatality rates may be double than those because of the under-reporting of road traffic injuries in Iraq.

Under the proposed Transport Corridors Project (TCP), The World Bank will finance the rehabilitation of selected sections of the North-South Corridor (from Girsheen to Suhaila Intersection), South-North Corridor (from Nasiria to Basrah and Safwan) and East- West Corridor (from Baghdad West to Habbaniya).

3.2 Project Description

The overall Transport Corridor Program comprises the rehabilitation of Expressway No. 1 from Baghdad to the Jordanian border at Trebil border crossing and to the Syrian border at Al-Walid border crossing and from Safwan near the borders with Kuwait to Basra to Baghdad.

The World Bank supported activities are expected to be implemented under the proposed Transport Corridors Project over a period of 2-3 years and cover the rehabilitation of 3 sections of the Expressway no.1 (R7, R8 and R9). Other sections will be supported by the Government of Iraq and the Islamic Development Bank.



The objectives of the proposed Transport Corridors Project are to: (i) reduce the vehicle operating cost, travel time and traffic fatalities between Baghdad West- Habbaniya, Nasiria- Rumaila and Rumaila-Basrah /Safwan along Expressway 1 and between Semel and Ibrahim El Khalil in KRG, and (ii) improve the management of road maintenance in Iraq.

The Project will provide Iraq a combination of technical assistance, consulting services, equipment and civil works, around the themes of: (i) Corridors Improvement, (ii) institutional capacity building and strengthening for the road sector; (iii) Project implementation and Monitoring

The Expressway no. 1 is more than twenty years old. The length of the southern part of the road (from Baghdad to Safwan-Basra interchange) is about 510 km of 3x3 lanes with standing lane (15.5m width), then the road splits into a 51 km 2X2 lane heading to Basra, and 64 km 2X2 lane heading to Safwan.

Whereas, the western part of the road starting from Bagdad to Rutbah is a 455 km 3X3 lane with standing lane (15.5m width), splitting into two 2X2 lane roads, from Rutbah to Tribel, and Rutbah to Al Walid. Figure 1 below shows the Expressway path (both western and southern).

Figure 1: Map of Iraq showing the path of Expressway No. 1



The existing features of the Expressway according to tender documents prepared by DORSCH CONSULT 1976 are:

Length , including interchanges length: 1250 km

6-lane sections: 800 km

4-lane sections: 450 km

Number of interchanges: 25

Number of expressway branches: 3

80 expressway bridges with total length: 9230 m

117 road overpasses with total length: 6820 m

Number of rest areas with fuel station: 18

Number of parking areas: 200

The Project boundaries are expected to include several borrow pits, quarries, water sources and batching plants to facilitate the construction works, and it’s expected to be implemented over two years.

Due to the long extend the project boundary passes through several Iraqi governorates, which are: Al Anbar, Baghdad, Babel, Al Qadisiya, Al Muthanna, Dhi Qar and Basra.

Table 4 below shows the main cities along the expressway and their relevant distances from the expressway corridor. Figure 2 to Figure 9 below represents distribution of the expressway alignment through main governorates.

Table 4: Location of Main Cities along the Expressway and Relevant Distances

Governorate CityCoordinates Average Distance

From Express way (Km)WGS84 UTM

Al Anbar Ar Rutba 33° 2′ 17″ N, 40° 17′ 4″ E 33.038056, 40.284444 37S 619940 3656239 2.77

Al Anbar Ramadi 33° 25′ 11″ N, 43° 18′ 45″ E33.419722, 43.3125 38S 343102 3699092 9.75

Al Anbar Fallujah 33° 25′ 11″ N, 43° 18′ 45″ E33.419722, 43.3125 38S 343102 3699092 3.45

Baghdad Abu Ghraib 33° 19′ 50″ N, 44° 2′ 41″ E33.330556, 44.044722 38S 411095 3688341 1.94

Babylon Hillah 32° 29′ 0″ N, 44° 26′ 0″ E32.483333, 44.433333 38S 446758 3594153 22.00

Al Qadisiyyah

Al Diwaniyah

31° 59′ 21″ N, 44° 55′ 29″ E31.989167, 44.924722 38R 492889 3539237 11.70

Dhi Qar Nasiriyah 31° 3′ 0″ N, 46° 16′ 0″ E31.05, 46.266667 38R 620865 3435832 31.20

Basra Basra 30° 30′ 0″ N, 47° 49′ 0″ E30.5, 47.816667 38R 770342 3377566 32.40



Figure 2: Al Anbar Governorate - Rutbah



Figure 3: Al Anbar Governorate - Ramadi



Figure 4: Al Anbar Governorate - Fallujah



Figure 5: Baghdad Governorate - Abu Ghraib



Figure 6: Babylon Governorate - Hillah



Figure 7: Al Qadisiya Governorate - Al Diwaniya



Figure 8: Dhi Qar Governorate - Nasiriya



Figure 9: Basra Governorate – Basra



3.3 Project Works

The proposed project works will include:

1. Road marking

2. Installation of guardrails between both sides and on sides where necessary

3. Installation of signs and road furniture

4. Installation of a chain link fence on both sides of the road

5. Rehabilitation of the asphalt as needed

6. Other rehabilitation works as determined necessary by the technical assessment.

Guardrails, and fencing shall be replaced in consistent with the contract documents that prepared by DORSCH CONSULT - Germany 1975 - 1976 and all design updates that prepared in 1981, 1983, and 1984 for the sections shown in the Table 5 below.

Table 5: The Expressway No.1 Contract Documents and its Updates

Updates Section Contract No.

Southern Parts

1976 Bagdad - Hilla R/4/1976

1976 Hilla - Diwaniya R/5/1976

1976 Diwaniya - Nasiriya R/6/1976

1981 Nasiriya - Rumaila R/7/1976

1983 Rumaila - Safwan / Basra R/8/1976

Western Parts

1976 Baghdad - Hit R/9/1976

1981 Hit - Tullaha R/10/1976

1976 Tullaha - Rutbah R/11/1976

1981 Rutbah - Tribel R/12/1976

1984 Rutbah - Al Walid R/13/1976

A. Road Marking

The road marking on the pavement of the Expressway has a minimum width of 0.2 m for the reason of durability and for maintenance purposes, permanent type thermoplastic material will be used for white lines (i.e. lane separators) and yellow lines (i.e. left and right edge marking), this material is poured into 6 mm deep strips cut into the road surface, the thickness of the road marking shall be 8 mm (i.e. the surface of the white lines is 2 mm above the road surface). Table 6, Table 7 and Table 8 present the estimated quantities for road marking.



Table 6: Carriageway Marking Quantities

Section Length (km) Lane type Material

type

Number of white lines

(lanes separators)

White marking

width (m)

Total length of

white lines (km)

Total area of white

marking (m2)

Number of yellow lines (left and right

edges)

Yellow marking

width (m)

Total length of

yellow lines (km)

Total area of yellow

marking (m2)

Western parts

454 3×3

Ther

mop

last

icw

hite

mar

king

(la

ne se

para

tors

) ye

llow

mar

king

(lef

t and

righ

t edg

e) 4 0.2 908 18160 4 0.3 1816 544800

139 2×2 2 0.2 139 2780 4 0.3 556 166800

Southern parts

510 3×3 4 0.2 1020 20400 4 0.3 2040 612000

98 2×2 2 0.2 98 1960 4 0.3 392 117600

Total 1201 2165 433000 4804 1441200



Table 7: Interchanges Ramps Marking Quantities

Interchange type Lane type

Average length

(km)No. Material

type

Number of white

lines

White marking

width (m)

Total length

of white lines (km)

Total area of white

marking (m2)

Number of

yellow lines

Yellow marking

width (m)

Total length

of yellow lines (km)


marking (m2)

Four-way interchangescloverleaf interchange 2×2 4 1

Ther

mop

last

icw

hite

mar

king

(la

ne se

para

tors

) ye

llow

mar

king

(lef

t and

righ

t edg

e)

2 0.3 4 1200 2 0.3 8 2400

Three-way interchangetrumpet interchange 2×2 2 4 2 0.3 8 2400 2 0.3 16 4800

Four-way interchangecloverleaf interchange 2×2 3 7 2 0.3 21 6300 2 0.3 42 12600

Four-way interchangepartial diamond interchange

2×2 1 1 2 0.3 1 300 2 0.3 2 600

Four-way interchangefour ramp partial cloverleaf

2×2 1 4 2 0.3 4 1200 2 0.3 8 2400

Four-way interchangediamond interchange 2×2 2 11 2 0.3 22 6600 2 0.3 44 13200

Four-way interchangepartial cloverleaf interchange

2×2 2 3 2 0.3 6 1800 2 0.3 12 3600

Four-way interchangepartial diamond interchange

2×2 1 1 2 0.3 1 300 2 0.3 2 600

Total 67 20100 134 40200



Table 8: Access Roads Marking Quantities

Road typeTotal length (km)

Lane type Material type

Number of white

lines

White marking

width (m)

Total length of

white lines (km)

Total area of white

marking (m2)

Number of yellow

lines

Yellow marking

width (m)

Total length of

yellow lines (km)


marking (m2)

Access roads 250 2×2

Ther

mop

last

icw

hite

mar

king

(la

ne se

para

tors

) ye

llow

mar

king

(lef

t and

righ

t edg

e)4 0.3 500 15000 4 0.3 1000 300000

Total 500 150000 1000 300000



B. Guardrails

According to the contract documents that prepared based upon international standard single guardrails will be placed along the sides of both carriageway, single guardrails will be placed at emergency standing lane, and double guardrails will be placed at interchanges ramps, also all guardrails will be placed at distance of 0.5 m from the edge of the pavement, Table 9 below show the estimated quantities for the required guardrails.

Table 9: Guardrails Quantities Estimation

Location Length (Km)

Guardrails Type No.

Length Of Guardrails

(Km)

Carriageway 1201 Single Guardrails 2 2402

Along CarriagewayWhere A) Slope Of Embankment Steeper Than 1:4B) Along And 40 M Before Lateral Obstacles And 20 M After Bridges And Culverts With A Width Of Or More Than 2 M Or Pipe Culverts In Deep Ditches

350 Single Guardrails 1 350

Interchanges Ramps 67 Double Guardrails 2 134

Total 2886

C. Fencing

Fences play an important role in access control since it’s the most significant safety factor for an Expressway, the access points on the Expressway are limited to the interchanges to keep off slow vehicles, bicycles, and animals at all times that produce a safety hazard to the high speed traffic, also fencing is the most effective mean of enforcing absolute access control, the fencing shall consist of iron wire mesh, galvanized or plastic coated, the height of the posts and wire mesh shall be 1.5 m above the ground with the posts anchored 0.6 m deep in a concrete foundation. Also straining posts shall be placed 40 m apart, ordinary posts 4 m apart, and straining wires are required at middle and at lower and upper end of the mesh, Table 10 below shows the estimated fencing quantities.

Table 10: Fencing Quantities Estimation

LocationLengt

h (Km)

Fence Type

No. Of Layer

s

Length of

Fence (km)

Height of Fence

(m)

Area of Fence (m2)

No. Of Straining Posts

No. Of Ordinary Posts

Carriageway Left Side 1201 Iron Wire

Mesh, Galvanized or Plastic

Coated

1 1201 1.5180150

0 30025 270225Carriageway Left Side 1201 1 1201 1.5

1801500 30025 270225

Interchanges Ramps 67 2 134 1.5 201000 3350 30150

Total 2536 3804000 63400 570600



3.4 Construction Activities

The Project boundaries are expected to include several borrow pits, quarries, water sources and batching plants to facilitate the construction works, and it’s expected to be implemented over two years.

Pre-construction activity

Clearway signs will be installed along alternative routes.

Closing the construction area and limiting public access

Traffic diversions and construction site access points will be established.

Speed limiting measures at the construction site and at diversions

Construction activities

Delivering construction materials (e.g. mesh wire fence, guardrail, signage, etc.) to site and loading them of the trucks

Installation of fence in near proximity of the road

Installation of guard rail at the road shoulder and at the median

Installation of large (crossing the carriage way) and small (located at road shoulder) signage and road furniture

Apply Road markings for the road capacity, lanes and exits

In areas where the road has defective surface, it will be ground off with profilers and jack hammers.

Construction rubble will be loaded into trucks and taken off-site to a dumping or recycling facility.

The surface will be restored by appropriate construction materials (asphalt, base course, concrete, etc), which have to be delivered to site by trucks and unloaded there.

Other activities might be determined as necessary by the designer, e.g rehabilitation of bridges and overpasses.

Provision of lay-bys for relocated small business and vendors which have encroached on the ROW.

Post construction activity

Removal of road diversions and diversion signage

Deconstruction of temporarily constructed diversions



4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS

4.1 Project Setting

The expressway spans most of the western, central and southern territories of Iraq. The study area is flat and diverse in terms of its use and vegetation as seen in Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12 and Figure 13.

Figure 10: Topography of Iraq



Figure 11: Historical image of an overpass bridge of the newly build Expressway No. 1.

Figure 12: Historical image of the newly built Expressway No.1



Figure 13: Mapping Vegetation Cover Percentages

4.2 Land Use

The land use along the expressway includes the following:

Scarcely populated or exploited dessert plains, Agriculture lands, Moderately urbanized areas and Urbanized areas.

Industrial use is the rare or non-existent. The predominant land use of the land around the expressway is agriculture. Apart from that there are very limited uses for enterprise and establishment along the expressway. The establishments along the expressway are predominantly as follows:

Public Administrations

Agriculture and farms outlets

Service Areas: Official and private.

Small and informal businesses and vendors encroached on the ROW.

Licensed retail, including shops and restaurants



Figure 14 and Figure 15 below describe land use in the project's area.

Figure 14: Distribution of Land Use (part I)

Figure 15: Distribution of Land Use (part II)



Table 11 below provides area estimates (hectares) with respect to land use.

Table 11: Area of Land UseLand Use Hectares

Agriculture 4,090,473Residential 118,418Industrial 7,256

4.3 Population Centres and Encroachment on the ROW

The expressway passes through 6 governorates and 17 population centres as presented below in Figure 16 . According to the 2009 census the total population of the urban centres influenced by the project is approximately 5.6 million inhabitants.

Figure 16: Distribution of Population Centres along the Road

below presents population information over population centres that the expressway travels through. Information includes family sizes, economic establishments, residential units, and number of buildings.



Table 12: Population Information over Governorate

Governorate Qada’ Population Economic Establishments

Residential Units

No. of Buildings

Al Anbar Al Rutbah 39,000 1,686 5,447 8,567

Ramadi 491,700 20,527 62,384 89,115

Fallujah 526,861 24,876 66,007 91,599

Baghdad Abu Ghraib 269,171 18,881 39,320 56,646

Al Mada’en 383,868 17,665 56,639 77,930

Al Mahaweel 299,578 12,138 39,299 50,751

Babel Al Hilla 701,041 29,917 108,607 126,389

Al Hashmieh 399,717 15,955 55,300 68,004

Al Qadisiya Al Diwaniya 499,926 21,046 71,155 87,881

Afak 151,559 9,116 20,421 30,273

Al Rumeitha 290,955 19,676 34,469 52,204

Al Muthana Al Khader 94,137 5,968 11,189 16,609

Al Nasiriya 643,137 24,075 84,540 96,364

Di Qar Souq Al Shyoukh

267,403 7,528 32,974 39,682

Al Jabayesh 85,225 2,682 10,188 13,004

Al Basra Al Zubair 425,471 14,012 59,983 74,162

Al Fao 34,840 1,403 4,910 6,032

Table 13 below provides distances of localities in the close proximity of the road.

Table 13: Relative Distances and Population of Localities in the Project AreaPopulation Centre Distance KM Population Centre Distance KM

غريب Abu Ghraibابو 0.8 Kutالكوت 120الخصيب -Abi Alابي

Khaseeb 50 Al-Latiefiyahاللطيفة 10

Al-Iskandariaاالسكندرية 14-AlالمحموديةMahmoudiyah 7

Basraالبصرة 31 Al-Mada’enالمدائن 13

Habbaniyaالحبانية 7 Al-Nasiriyaالناصرية 28

Hillaالحلة 17 Al-Nu’maniyaالنعمانية 120



Population Centre Distance KM Population Centre Distance KM

Al-Hayالحي 100 Al-Yousifiyaاليوسيفية 8

Khamessiyaالخميسية 10 قصر Umm Qasrام 0

Dagharraالدغارة 5 Baghdadبغداد 10

Diwaniyaالديوانية 11 Khurm Shaherخرمشهر 70

Rutbahالرطبة 0 Sedraسدرا 0.2

’Rifaeالرفاعي 75الشيوخ -Souq AlسوقShyoukh 16

Al-Rifae’yaالرفاعية 10 Shwaie’yaشويعبه 18

Ramadiالرمادي 2.5 Sawanصفوان 1.5

Rumaithaالرميثة 25 Tribelطريبيل 0

Zubairالزبير 14 Abadanعبادان 85

Semawahالسماوة 40 A’fakعفك 20

Al-seebaالسيبة 83 A’lwanعلوان 4

Al-Shamiyyaالشامية 60المحاول امام Ummقرية

Al-Mahaweel Village 0.4

Al-Tabbaالطبة 4.5القاسم Al-Qasemقضاء

Qada’ 21

Al-Aziziyaالعزيزية 70 سكر Qala’at Sukkarقلعة 90

Falloujaالفلوجة 3.5 شاكر Qal’at Shakirقلعة 1.5

Qadisiyaالقادسية 10الهجانه Manazelمنازل

Al-Hajjana 1.5

Al-Qariyanالقريان 2المدحتية Nahiyatناحية

Al-Madhatiyya 7

Considerable encroachment on the Expressway ROW has occurred over the years. An inventory of the encroaching entities was undertaken under the Baseline Census conducted for the RAP. This Census identified 151 entities sited on the ROW (outside of Section R6 which is already under construction), none of which are dwellings. Most are small businesses serving passing traffic, but 26 of the entities are public entities such as police stations, check points and other public services such as fuel stations. Hence, a total of 125 entities encroached on the Expressway will need to be relocated.

Relocation of these entities will involve application of appropriate mitigation and compensation measures for the Expressway at large. These entities are identified in the RAP report which provides maps showing their location (See Annex 4 of this report).

On Section R6 from Diwaniya to Nasiriya, where road work is already ongoing under financing from MOCH, there is a total of 20 entities encroached on the ROW. Entities along the R6 road



section have been mapped and their GIS coordinate taken and they consist of public entities such as security points, a formal rest spot, etc and are provided in Annex 4. Mitigation measures are being applied retroactively on this Section of the road, the details of which are provided in the RAP.

4.3.1 Demography

The male/female distribution is 50/50. The population is youthful with over 50% under the age of 20 and over 80% under the age of 40. The average household size ranges from 8 to 6 members per household. Table 14Table 14 and Figure 17 below describe age group distribution for the subject project.

Table 14: Age group Distribution

Age Group Population (%)

0-19 264,994 54%

20-39 145,158 29%

>39 84,039 17%

494,191 100%

Figure 17: Age Distribution

Table 15 below describes family sizes according to Districts.

Table 15: Family Sizes According to Districts

Governorate Qada’ Average Family Size

Al AnbarAl Rutbah 8



Governorate Qada’ Average Family Size

Ramadi 8.5

Fallujah 8.5Baghdad

Abu Ghraib 7.5

Al Mada’en 7.4

Al Mahaweel 7.9Babel

Al Hilla 6.6

Al Hashmieh 7.7Al Qadisiya

Al Diwaniya 7.2

Afak 7.9

Al Rumeitheh 8.5Al Muthana

Al Khader 9

Al Nasiriya 7.8Di Qar

Souq Al Shyoukh 8.2

Al Jabayesh 8.4Al Basra

Al Zubair 7.5

Al Fao 6.6

4.4 Present conditions of Expressway No. 1

4.4.1 Road Condition

The expressway connects the Jordanian, Syrian and Kuwaiti border points and serves the majority of inbound, outbound and transit traffic and transportation. The expressway is a divided expressway with 3 lanes on each side except for a stretch south of Diwaniya where there is on-going construction.

The present road conditions ranges from good to moderate. There is effectively no road signage and road furniture. Lighting is available on very limited stretches. There is no currently fence on either side or in the middle of the expressway as major parts of the fences have been demolished by the occupation forces and others by inhabitants and then stolen by nomads and local inhabitants. Figure 18 presents some photos taken by the team during the first mission. The remainder of the fence has been dismantled and is currently being stored at storage yards for later re-use. Same applies for the dismantled guardrail.



Figure 18: Road Conditions

4.4.2 Safety Devices


Damaged Joints

Guard rails restored by R&B in AnbarCracks filled along parts of the expresswayRecently damaged bridge

Missing Guard rails


Intensive rehabilitation work shall be undertaken along the Expressway, since almost all of the safety devices are missing as shown in Figure 19, Figure 20, Figure 21 and Figure 22 below, these devices need to be placed immediately to protect the road users and vehicles against injuries and damage.

Figure 19: Missing Single Guardrails

Figure 20: Missing Double Guardrails



Figure 21: Missing Fence and Ordinary Post

Figure 22: Missing Fence



4.4.3 Water Crossings

The expressway crosses many waterways including rivers, streams, wadi water flow paths and man-made canals as shown in Figure 23.

Figure 23: Expressway Crossing Waterways

4.4.4 Structures, Establishments and Commercial Activities along Alignment

There are numerous installations adjacent to the expressway many of which sit in the right of way. The installations include:

Police posts

Army posts

Check points

Commercial (stand-alone) privately owned rest areas

Formal rest areas with integrated services

Small and fragmented shops, some of which are informal and unlicensed

Farms or state leased lands

The RAP Report will provide a full inventory of all properties and their coordinate, owners, tenants, etc



4.5 Physical Environment

4.5.1Air Quality and Noise

Air Quality

According to Ministry of Environment1, the annual cost of environmental degradation in Iraq in 2008 is estimated at 4.9-8.0 percent of GDP with a mean estimate of 6.4percent of GDP, or close to ID 6.3 trillion per year (US$ 5.5 billion) excluding damages to the global environment: climate change and biodiversity. When including global externalities, the total amount reaches about 7.1 trillion or US$ 6.2 billion equivalent to 7.1 percent of GDP. The cost of urban air pollution is estimated at 1.5 percent for the ten major cities with collectively about 11.5 million inhabitants. This rank second to the cost of inadequate potable water, sanitation and hygiene and water resource degradation which is the highest and estimated at 3.5 percent of GDP.

The Ministry of Environment has established an air quality monitoring network which was implemented under the Emergency Environment Management Project that was financed by the multi-donor Iraq Trust Fund and managed by the World Bank2. The monitoring network includes 10 fixed stations: 6 in Baghdad, 2 in Mosul and 2 in Al-Basra and all 15 Governorates were provided with portable air quality monitoring equipment. Despite that all these Stations are more than 10 km away from Expressway 1, a summary of the air quality data collected from Baghdad and Al-Basra stations is provided in this ESIA. The Project Management Team responsible for the rehabilitation of Expressway 1 will coordinate with the Ministry of Environment to collect in the future air quality data along Expressway 1 (See section 9).

Table 16 below shows the Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) collected in 2009 from the 3 stations in Baghdad.

Table 16: TSP Data- Baghdad 3 Stations (2009)TSP- Daily Standard is 350 microgram/m3

Averagemaximumminimummonth411705185January4994861291February4881653184March50386036April6891570595May6382133476June6275454406July8243205537August6532409294September6381614393October5233678328November

1 Cost of Environmental Degradation, Republic of Iraq, Ministry of Environment, April 2012.2 Implementation Completion Memorandum for Iraq Emergency Environment Management Project- January 2013.



485811250December582Yearly Average

Table 17 below shows the daily Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) collected in 2009 from in Al-Basra.

Table 17: TSP Data - Al-Basra (2009)TSP – Al-Basra ( 2009)- microgram/m3

AverageMaximumMonth335358311May

/85932181June8525244852July7311350559August3581393359September611941202October6746400445November6581764604December603Yearly Average

The pollutants collected at the stations are carbon monoxide (CO) , nitrous oxide (NO), particulates (TSP), carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2).

Table 18 shows key pollutant collected from Al-Basra station on March 31, 2013 and Table 19 shows the pollutants data collected from Al-Zubair station on April 4, 2013. Those 2 stations are considered the closed to Expressway 1 but can’t be treated as indicative of baseline condition for Expressway 1.

Table 18: Air Quality Data collected from Al-Basra StationDate Time SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO

[ppm] [ppm] [ppm] [ppm] [ppm]

3/31/2013 9:00:00 AM 0.0055 0.016 0.031 0.047 0.548

ا 10:00:00 AM 0.0031 0.018 0.032 0.051 1.405

11:00:00 AM 0.0029 0.008 0.024 0.032 0.802

12:00:00 AM 0.0079 0.005 0.022 0.027 0.6261:00:00 PM 0.0067 0.004 0.018 0.022 0.562:00:00 PM 0.002 9E-04 0.076 0.009 0.376

Table 19Air Quality Data from Al-Zubair StationTime SO2 NO NO2 NOX CO



[ppm] [ppm] [ppm] [ppm] [ppm]

7/04/2013 9:00:00 AM 0.031 -0.01 0.01 -0.004 9.78510:00:00

AM 0.029 0.015 0.008 -0.0068 11.5811:00:00

AM 0.027 0.016 0.008 -0.007 11.6812:00:00

PM 0.028 0.017 0.005 -0.0113 .11.111:00:00 PM 0.026 0.017 0.003 -0.0141 10.892:00:00 PM 0.038 0.016 0.004 -0.0121 11.75

Noise and Vibration

The field investigations of May 2012 did not observe any significant noise emissions caused by traffic and affecting the nearby population. The WHO limit value of 55 dB can be occasionally exceeded by heavy tracks only near the shops and service stations located in the rest areas of the Expressway No. 1.

4.5.2Surface Water Resources

The Tigris River is one of the largest rivers of the Middle East stretching for over 1,900 km, of which 1,415 km are within Iraq with a catchment area of 235,000 km2. The Euphrates River is the largest river in the Middle East in terms of catchment area and length, and the second largest in terms of water volume. It originates in the mountains of Turkey on the Armenian plateau at an altitude of 3,000-3,500 m above sea level.

Key surface water resources in the project vicinity include intersections with Euphrates and water irrigation channels. The water quality in the rivers is generally good. The water is used extensively for irrigation and for domestic use (after treatment). The satellite image below Figure 24 shows the Expressway intersection with Euphrates river North West Ramadi (Anbar Governorate) at latitude 33° 27'29.15" N longitude 43°15'26.48" E



Figure 24: Expressway Intersection with Euphrates River near Ramadi

Additionally, The satellite image below (Figure 25) shows the Expressway intersection with irrigation channel North East Diwaniya (Qadisiya Governorate) at latitude 33° 15'39.63" N longitude 44°56'9.49" E.

Figure 25: Expressway Intersection with Irrigation Channel near Diwaniyah



The satellite image below show the Expressway intersection with Euphrates River North West Nasiriya (Dhi Qar Governorate) at latitude 31° 6'45.74" N longitude 44°0'8.95" E as shown in Figure 26.

Figure 26: Expressway Intersection with Euphrates River near Nasiriyah

4.6 Ecological and Biological Resources

4.6.1 Biogeography

Iraq is part of the Palearctic Realm, the largest of the eight terrestrial ecozones that have been defined for the Earth. It includes the ecoregions covering Europe, northern Africa, the northern and central Arabian Peninsula and Asia north of the Himalaya foothills. Under the WWF system, there are 5 terrestrial biomes (biogeographical regions) found in the Palearctic realm of Iraq:

1. Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests

2. Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands

3. Flooded Grasslands and Savannas

4. Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub

5. Deserts and Xeric Shrublands

Among these there are several primary and secondary ecoregions (or ecosystems for simplicity) belonging to the Palearctic Realm that make up the terrestrial biomes of Iraq. The five primary ecoregions that make up the bulk of Iraq include (Figure 27):

1. Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh

2. Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian Xeric Shrublands



3. Mesopotamian Shrub Desert

4. Middle East Steppe

5. Zagros Mountains Forest Steppe

The World Wildlife Fund & the Nature Conservancy also defined major freshwater ecoregions. The Lower Tigris and Euphrates River Basins are included because they, and the extensive network of marsh habitats that form at their southernmost end, are among the most important wetland ecosystems of the world associated with these two major rivers (WWF/TNC, 2008). This system also contains a series of large reservoirs, several of which have been designated as Important Birds Areas (IBAs) by BirdLife International including Habbaniya Lake, Ramadi, Musayab, Hindiya, Basra Khor, Tharthaar, Razaza Lakes and others.

Figure 27: Terrestrial Ecoregions recognized in Iraq(Source: WWF World Wildlife Fund (2006a). Ecoregions, ver. Jan-06 Retrieved 14 Sep 2009 from

http://gis.wwfus.org/wildfinder/)

4.6.2 Biodiversity of the Terrestrial Ecosystems along Expressway No. 1

The Expressway no.1 road passes through three main Iraqi eco-regions:

Mesopotamian Shrub Desert



Arabian Desert and East Saharo-Arabian Xeric Shrublands Tigris-Euphrates Alluvial Salt Marsh

4.6.2.1 Mesopotamian Shrub Desert

A. Ecoregion Description

The Expressway No. 1 section between Tribel and Ramadi area falls largely within the Mesopotomian shrub desert region and comprised of several main wadis crossing the western desert of Iraq to the Euphrates. The stony desert carries only a sparse herb growth, and only in the wadi where there are temporary pools and springs is there more abundant vegetation. The Mesopotamian Shrub Desert ecoregion, the second largest ecoregion in Iraq, cuts across the Fertile Crescent located in the Tigris & Euphrates River valleys, includes parts of the Syrian Desert and the steppe region further north. The climate is arid and has temperatures similar to the Arabian Desert and East Saharo-Arabian Xeric Shrublands ecoregion above. The elevations of the region are 600 m towards the west falling to less than 100 m in the east until the Zagros foothills region is reached. Human settlement is primarily centred in and around the river basins.

The eastern Zagros edge of the ecoregion is characterized by umbrella-thorn acacia trees and shrub species accustomed to semi-arid conditions. The vegetation of western Iraq within this ecoregion has received almost no study but is characteristic of the flora found in the Syrian Desert. Permanent and seasonal wetlands and occasionally wet drainages/wadis within the region are important to a variety of species such as: Macqueen’s Bustard (Chlamydotis macqueenii), and the Critically Endangered Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius) and other important Eurasian migratory species. The area may have sparse but important populations of wolves, hyenas, gazelles, wild boars, and more. Now most likely eradicated, four important species that would have been found in this ecoregion are the Leopards (Panthera pardus), Asiatic Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), Arabian Oryx (Oryx leucoryx), the Arabian Ostrich (Struthio camelus syriacus). Several of these species were hunted to extinction by the middle of the 20th century; the latter two are subject to breeding programs elsewhere in the Middle East.

As with the Arabian Desert and East Sahhro-Arabian Xeric Shrublands ecoregion, the Mesopotamian Shrub Desert ecoregion also holds wolves (Canis lupus), Golden jackals (Canis aureus), striped hyenas (Hyaena hyaena), Caracals (Caracal caracal), Jungle cats (Felis chaus), Rüppell's Fox (Vulpes rueppelli) and Goitered gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa), Mesopotamian gerbil (Gerbillus mesopotamiae) and wild boars (Sus scrofa). Other characteristic species of this ecoregion are the Euphrates jerboa, Long-eared Hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus), Desert hedgehog (Paraechinus aethiopicus), Mehely's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mehelyi), Spiny-tailed lizards (Uromastyx sp) and Desert Monitor (Varanus griseus).

The avifaunal diversity is moderate and largely dependent on the microhabitats within the segment, ranging from flat limestone plains to shrubbery flat low relief desert patches. This segment varies to great extent depending on the height and vegetation cover. This vast area attracts many migratory birds during spring and autumn seasons, migrants include several passerine species that rest in the wadi vegetation; as well as many raptors passing over during autumn migration. This area supports Sahara breeding avifaunal assemblages of Ammomanes deserti, Pycnonotus leucoti, Cursorius curso, Alaemon alaudipes, Eremophila bilopha and Rhodospiza obsoletus.



This ecoregion is under many impacts - mostly human induced. Human impacts and threats are often concentrated in areas near river basins and springs/oases. Changes in traditional management that has resulted in water diversion, irrigation works and associated agriculture and livestock grazing of goats, sheep and camels have had the most significant impacts on biodiversity of this region. Unsustainable (including electric) fishing is also a problem in the river basins.

B. Sites of Ecological Importance adjacent to the western section of Expressway No. 1

The Expressway No. 1 passes 2 km to the North of the ecologically important site boundary within the Mesopotamian Shrub Desert Ecoregion - the Habbaniya Lake. Biological survey was undertaken in the Habbaniya Lake IBA.

B.1 Habbaniya Lake IBA

Habbaniya Lake is situated to the southeast of Ramadi, the capital city of Al Anbar province, and west of Baghdad. Habbaniya represents one of the largest water reservoirs in Iraq, accommodating the excess of the floodwaters from the Euphrates during summer time through a small canal near Ramadi called Sin Al Dhuban. The main habitat of the site is an inland wetland, including Al Habbaniya Lake and its wide, muddy shoreline. The marsh side on the other side is dominated by marshland with dense reed beds rushes vegetation with submerged aquatic plants mixed with date-palms trees with fruit orchards and vegetables farms beneath. This specific area of Western Iraq is similar to the large marshy ecosystems that exist in the south due to their unique species and habitat. There are a few cultivated areas with wheat and corn plantings with some uncultivated areas full of halophytic thickets passing through many suitable spots for resident ad migrant bush warblers and songbirds. The wild plant species include: Achillea, Artemeisia, Acacia, Alhagi, Populus, Euocalptus, Morus, Zizphus, and Astragalus are the most widely distributed plant species.

The area represents a stopover site for migratory birds following north-eastern route through Iraq. The following bird species of conservation concern (CC) were noted at the site: Phalacrocorax pygmaeus, (CC), Larus genei, (CC), Larus genei, (CC), Vanellus (Hoplopterus) spinosus, (CC), Acrocephalus griseldis, (CC, GT), Corvus [corone] cornix, (CC, END race), Turdoides altirostris, (CC), and Pycnonotus leucogenys, (CC), Larus armenicus/michahellis (CC), Marmaronetta angustirostris (GT), Pelecanus onocrotalus, Eremophila bilopha, (CC).

In addition, this area provides habitat for a variety of other wildlife, including mammals and insects. Small mammals such as Jerboas and hares are an important food source to many birds of prey. In fall, these habitats provide food to attract migrating larks, buntings, and a wide variety of Chats.

Four fish species are reported in the lake: Acanthobrama marmaid, Alburnus mossulensis, Barbus luteus and Liza abu. Also reports indicate dense populations of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates include Hexapods, Arachnids, namely dragonflies with many nymphs attached to the reed leafs, groups of water striders, (Giridae family), and Boatmen Beetles belonging to the Aquatic Coleopteras species. Additional specimens included Hemipetras and Hymenopteras insect orders, such as Squash Bug, Stink Bug and Chinch Bug. Wasps, ants and honey bees were seen flying around the area with Lepidoptera species dwellers such as Painted Lady and Admiral Butterflies.

A wide range of reptiles were observed in the site such as Geckos sp. (Hemidactylus spe). Many Caspian Terrapins (Clemmys caspia) suddenly dropped into the water from the broken reed roots.



Local reports indicate the existence of Smooth-shelled or Soft-shelled Turtles (Trionyx euphraticus) often seen at night in addition to a few specimens that were reported killed in the site. Amphibians: Green Toads (Bufo viridis) have been seen and heard as a very low calling symphony on the muddy riverbank and scattered throughout shallow water and temporary pools in the site.

4.6.2.2 Arabian Desert and East Saharo-Arabian Xeric Shrublands

A Ecoregion Description

The southern section of the Expressway No. 1 extends from Ramadi to Basra through Baghdad and occurs totally within the Arabian Desert and saharo-Arabian xeric shrublands ecoregion. This desert ecosystem is one of the largest ecoregions in Iraq. It constitutes up to 50% of the country’s total area. The region receives little rain (125mm/annum). Temporal and seasonal water pools do exist in this region, and it is intercepted by many wadis which carry water during winter and spring rains. Occasional brackish salt flats exist in some areas, a few of which in Iraq have been utilized for water storage (e.g. Razaza Lake). The Bedouins (nomads) cross the region with the seasons seeking pasture for their herds of goats, sheep and camels.

The biodiversity of this region is the least known in the country. The vegetation of the area has received almost no studies in recent years. Nonetheless, several uniquely adapted plants are likely to exist in this region e.g. several members of the chenopodiaceae family (Salsola sp. Atriples sp, Saueda sp. etc.) and others Artemisia sp. Achilea sp. Tamarix sp.

This region was known to contain many important mammal species such as wolves, hyenas, gazelles, wild boars, fox, bats and others. Several species have probably been eradicated from the area such as Arabian Oryx (Oryx leucoryx) and Asiatic Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). Spiny-tailed lizards (Uromastyx sp).

Some of the common desert birds found in this ecoregion include: Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis), Bar-tailed Lark (Ammomanes cincture), Temminck's Lark (Eremophila bilopha), Eurasian Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo), Macqueen’s Bustard (Chlamydotis macqueenii), Spotted Sandgrouse (Pterocles senegallus), Cream-coloured Courser (Cursorius cursor), Desert Wheatear (Oenanthe deserti), and Desert Finch (Rhodospiza obsoletus). Breeding birds in this biom include SaroArabian breeding communities as follows: Ammomanes deserti, Pycnonotus leucoti, Turdoides altirostris, Oenanthe lugens and Rhodospiza obsoletus. Reports indicates that in the area an active hunting of the Macqueen’s Bustard (Chlamydotis macqueenii) is taking place.

Between Ramadi and Baghdad, the expressway crosses near the Euphrates where many wetlands occur. These wetlands hosts many species of waterbirds including: Sterna hirundo and S.albifrons that breed on islands within flooded areas around Euphrates and Cursorius cursor, Merops superciliosus and Pycnonotus leucotis that breed in the surrounding area. Large numbers of Platalea leucorodia occur in winter. A wide selection of waders, gulls and terns uses the area on passage. Wintering species include several waterfowls of Anser anser, Tadorna ferruginea, Mergellus albellus, and Grus grus.

This Arabian Desert ecoregion is endangered due changes to traditional land management resulting in overgrazing by camels and goats, off-road vehicles, agricultural and irrigation projects, as well as



un-assessed impacts from past and current conflicts. Many species have declined or became extinct in this area due to hunting and human encroachment.

B. Sites of Ecological Importance adjacent to the western section of Expressway No. 1

The Expressway No. 1 passes 10 km to the North of the ecologically important site within the Arabian Desert Ecoregion – the Mysayab and the Hindiya Barage IBAs. Biological survey of the sites was undertaken in May 2012.

B.1 The Musayyab Wetland

The Al Musayyab Wetland, an area of seasonally flooded semi-desertic steppe is located on the east bank of the Euphrates River, north of the town of Al Musayyab (about 10 km away from the expressway alignment. The area in general is comprised of farms and orchards, and there is no undisturbed wilderness space remaining. This wetland is an important wintering area for migratory waterfowl, identified by Atkinson-Willes (1976) as being of international importance for Anas crecca and A. clypeata. Many waterfowl winter in this wetland including, Egretta garzetta, Ciconia ciconia, Anser anser, A. albifrons, Anas crecca, A. platyrhynchos, A. acuta, A. clypeata, Himantopus himantopus, Recurvirostra avosetta, Charadrius alexandrinus and Tringa erythropus. Birds of prey present at this time included Aquila heliaca, A. clanga, Circus aeruginosus and Falco peregrinus.

Few birds were observed at the site during the field survey but some of them are endemic to the region. The bird species of concern are: Corvus[corone] cornix (CC), Larus armenicus/michahellis (CC), Larus genei (CC), Phalacrocorax pygmaeus (CC), Pycnonotus leucogenys (CC), Turdoides altirostris (End, CC), Vanellus (Hoplopterus) spinosus (CC), and Vanellus leucurus (CC). No hunting or fishing is taking place in the area but the main threat facing the area is that of agricultural intensification. The area includes some pools for aquaculture.

B.2 Hindiya Barrage IBA

Hindiya Barrage is a complex series of waterways located 31 km west of the Expressway No. 1. It is largely comprised of the Euphrates River blocked by large barrage, and the branching canals and river channels that precede it. It also includes the main trunk of the Euphrates and Shatt-Al-Hilla River in addition to some surrounding marshes. Large numbers of waterfowl were found. Mostly, they were coot, cormorant, and various kinds of gulls. Reed beds exist along river and other dominant tree species include: Populus euphratica, Prosopis farcta, Phragmites australis, Alhagi graecorum, Saueda, Hydrilla verticillata and Cressa cretica. The rives is surrounded by agricultural farms with terrestrial plants.

The Birds of conservation concern (CC) are: Corvus [corone] cornix (CC), Larusarmenicus/michahellis, Larus genei (CC), Limosa limosa (GT), Phalacrocorax pygmaeus (CC), Tachybaptus ruficollis (EndR, CC), Turdoides altirostris (End, CC), Vanellus leucurus (CC), Tachybaptus ruficollis (EndR, CC), Corvus corone cornix (CC), Acrocephalus griseldis (GT, End, CC), Prophyrio prophyrio, Francolinus francolinus (CC), Phalacrocorax pygmaeus (CC).

4.6.2.2 Tigris-Euphrates Alluvial Salt Marsh



A Ecoregion Description

This ecoregion is characterized by marshlands and seasonally inundated plains in a basin covered by alluvial deposits and forming a vast inland delta of the Euphrates, Tigris, and Karun Rivers. It is bounded by deserts and dry shrubland and constitutes up to 8% of Iraq total area. The vegetation of this ecosystem and habitats within is dominated by aquatic plants such as reeds (Phragmites sp.) and rushes (Typha sp.).

The ecoregion is important for both winter migratory birds from Eurasia, spawning fish from the Gulf, as well as many endemic and semi-endemic species. Twelve of the IBA sites listed by Evans (1994) for Iraq are found in the Tigris-Euphrates Alluvial Salt Marsh ecoregion. Furthermore, it is considered an Endemic Bird Area that encompasses the overlapping breeding area of at least two restricted-range bird species: the Iraq babbler (Turdoides altirostris) and the Basra reed-warbler (Acrocephalus griseldis). Data on birds from the area records up to 159 species of which 34 are considered to be of conservation concern, including eight that are globally threatened. These include: Marbled Duck (Marmaronetta angustirostris), Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca), White-headed Duck (Oxyura leucocephala), Basra Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus griseldis), Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa), Asian Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga), and Macqueen’s Bustard (Chlamydotis macqueenii).

Two unique species of mammals, the Bunn's Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (Erythronesokia bunnii) and Mesopotamian gerbil (Gerbillus mesopotamiae) as well as a subspecies of smooth-coated otter (Lutra perspicillata maxwelli) are reported in this ecoregions. Two species that have made a successful return to the marshland areas since their reflooding in 2003 are the Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) that now inhabit most wetlands areas in southern Iraq down to the Fao peninsula. Other species that are commonly seen or reported include Honey badger (Mellivora capensis), Small Asian Mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus), Golden Jackal (Canis aureus), Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), Rüppell's Fox (Vulpes rueppelli), and wolves (Canis lupis). But mammals, as well as insects, amphibians, and reptiles, remain poorly studied. Numerous fresh and marine-water fish species are reported in this ecoregions (National Iraq Report to CBD).

This ecoregion is endangered due to large scale ecosystem conversion with the drainage of the marshlands of southern Iraq. Various large-scale water diversion projects have degraded the Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh and had major impacts on land-use patterns in this region. These changes were most pronounced in the 1990s but began as far back as the 1950s (Evans, 1994). Oil and gas production has caused the drainage of large sections of wetlands as well as causing oil spills and pollution related to oil production. The Iran/Iraq conflict also heavily impacted the area particularly along the border region with Iran and the eastern portion of the Central marshes. Agricultural runoff threatens water quality and results in increasing salinity in many areas of this ecoregion. Uncontrolled hunting is a threat to many waterfowl and other fauna, and fishing is also uncontrolled with the prevalent use of electro-fishing.

B Sites of Ecological Importance adjacent to the southern section of Expressway No. 1

The Expressway No. 1 passes 6km West of the Basrah Khor Az Zubair IBA, and 36 km to the West of the Haur Al-Hammar IBA. These are ecologically important sites within the Tigris-Euphrates Alluvial Salt Marsh ecoregion.



B.1 Basra Khour Az Zubair IBA

The site is a tidal inlet with intertidal mudflats at the head of the Gulf and approximately 40 km southeast of Basra, close to Kuwaiti border. It is a mudflat along an artificial canal subject to the tidal effect which resulted in the surrounding muddy terrain. There are some water channels over the area where the water runs through during the tide, and when the water leave these canals it turned into very soft mud. The area is affected by oil pollution which caused continuous degradation of plant life throughout the area which used to be covered by water. This area was heavily impacted by the Iran/Iraq war, which led to the construction of the Shatt Al Basra Canal that connected to the eastern edge of the Hammar Marshes.

The local fishing industry is large and the level of fishing should be studied further to determine if the area is being over-fished. The local fishing techniques included seine nets and trawling nets. Six fish species recorded in catch: Liza subviridis, Pompus argenteus, Otolithes ruber, Tenualosa ilisha, Siliago sihama, and Epinephelus diacanthus. The site is considered to be a spawning ground and nursing for many marine fish of the northwest Gulf. This site harbors many unique bird and fish species, but it is threatened by oil pollution. Bird species of concern include: Hydroprogne [Sterna] caspia (CC), Larus genei (CC), Platalea leucorodia (CC), Vanellus (Hoplopterus) spinosus (CC).

B.2 Haur Al-Hammar IBA

The Haur Al Hammar is one of Iraq’s critical wetlands and an identified as a site of international importance. The Hammar Marshes include 3,500 km2 of wetlands with the largest open bodies of water in the lower Euphrates: a shallow, eutrophic lake approximately 120 km long by 25 km wide. It is bordered by the Euphrates to the north and the Shatt Al Arab on the east, with desert regions to the south and west. It is located 6km from the road alignment.

The dominant plants in this area are Tamarix and very dense reedbeds of Phragmites. Thickets of Typha also exists. There are also some sedges and other low plants in addition to the submerged plant species that are found throughout in the area. Other plant species occurring include: Schoenoplectus litoralis, Najas marina, Ceratophllum demersum. Few individuals of Wild Boar, Sus scrufa have been reported. Eight fish species were reported in the area according: Aspius vorax, Barbus leutus, Silurus triostegus, Mastacembelus mastacembelus, Heteropneustes fossilis, Liza abu, Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus.

Haur Al Hammar and its associated marshes comprise one of the most important areas for waterfowl in Iraq, both in terms of numbers of birds and diversity of species. The vast reedbeds provide breeding habitat for a wide variety of resident species, while in winter the hawr attracts huge numbers of migratory waterfowl. The vast and almost unbroken reedbeds of Typha and Phragmites probably support large breeding populations of species such as Phalacrocorax pygmeus, Nycticorax nycticorax, Ardeola ralloides, Ardea purpurea, Gallinula chloropus, Porphyrio porphyrio and Fulica atra, as well as smaller numbers of Anser anser. The broad, muddy shoreline along the southern edge of the main Haur Al Hammar provides excellent habitat for shorebirds, while sedge marshes and marsh-edge habitat to the east and west of the main hawr are particularly suitable for herons, egrets, Platalea leucorodia, Plegadis falcinellus, dabbling ducks and some shorebirds. Moist arable land, irrigation ponds and rain-water pools on the surrounding plains provide excellent feeding areas for geese, dabbling ducks, Grus grus and many shorebirds.



This area provides a very important breeding ground for many bird species including important (key) birds. Bird species of concern include: Botaurus stellaris (GT), Phalacrocorax pygmaeus (CC), Tachybaptus ruficollis (EndR, CC), Turdoides altirostris (End, CC), Aquila clanga (GT), Vanellus leucurus (CC), Larus genei (CC), Prophyrio prophyrio (CC), Acrocephalus griseldis (GT, End, CC), Marmaronetta angustirostris (CC), Hydroprogne [Sterna] caspia (CC), Netta rufina (CC), Aythya nyroca (GT), Prinia gracilis (CC), Larus armenicus/michahellis (CC).

The site supports also large numbers of wintering birds of prey, including Circus aeruginosus and Aquila clanga. Passerines wintering in large numbers include Anthus spinoletta, Luscinia svecica, Lanius isabellinus and Passer hispaniolensis.

This site lies in a remote area and there is very low human habitation or disturbance nearby. Nevertheless, some hunters and fishermen visit the area in addition to the breeding buffalos. Use of electrofishing was reported.



5 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

5.1 Public Consultations Process

Public consultations were undertaken through extensive meetings and interviews with stakeholders along the alignment (conducted in May 2012), as well as through two larger town hall consultation sessions: one in Ramadi (Al Anbar Governorate), and one in Babel on the 26 th of September 2012. The key stakeholders were identified as those involved in activities directly affected by the rehabilitation of the expressway. Annex 2 summarizes the outcomes of the consultations. Annex 3 contains a full inventory of establishments both formal and informal along the expressway.

The purpose of public participation for this ESIA study was to create awareness on the project, and involve and facilitate those likely to be affected positively or negatively, and other stakeholders by giving them opportunities to raise their views, concerns, and perceived impacts and ways mitigating/enhancing project effects. Public participation was also important in terms of providing stakeholders with information on their rights if they were to be adversely affected by project activities.

This intended to create a sense of commitment in implementing the ESMP. With due consideration of gender, various methods including interviews, consultation meetings, informal and formal group discussions were held with people living within the vicinity of the road. Figure 28 to Figure 33 present all consultation locations. The process of consultation was conducted as follows:

1. Meetings and consultations were held with people on the ROW or in close proximity of the expressway along the entire alignment of the expressway. The meetings and consultations spanned the various types of use and covered both scarcely populated areas and heavy urban centres. They also spanned the various activities seen along the alignment. Specific efforts were made to identify and include women in consultation sessions and representatives from the media also attended these sessions. The groups identified during the survey and consultation process included:

Private enterprise along the expressway, including service areas

Farms

Residents of urban centres through which to the expressway passes

Expressway Security

Local Directorates of Transportation

Local Governments (Governor)

Municipalities

Business owners, operators and workers in installations along the expressway, including owners and employees of informal and unlicensed entities

Residents including women

Farmers

Nomads



2. At the start of the meetings and interviews an introduction to the project was conveyed to the subject. The introduction covered the following:

Background and need for the project

Expected works to be executed, including duration, highlighting the fence, the guardrail and the rehabilitation of the road structure

Expected areas to be effected, especially highlighting the ROW

WB procedure and requirements, highlighting safeguards

Rights of people adversely affected by the Project

Objective of the interview: to discuss the needs and concerns of the affected people and comply with WB guidelines in planning and project execution.

Discussion of Mitigation and Compensation measure that may be given to affected people.

1. Introductions, which is information on the type of business, number of employees and supported families, whether owner or renting or employee. The names of subject were not recorded to make sure the interviewees could express his/her opinion freely.

2. Open discussion: The interviewees were asked to express his/her expectations and value from the project, the safeguards needed and the concerns and interests. The discussion also covered economic status and the available options should the business be affected.

Table 20 and subsequent Figure 28 through to Figure 33 present the main location of the survey and consultation points; while Figure 34 and Figure 35 show samples of the current activities along the alignment.

Table 20: Survey and Consultation Points along the RoadWaypoint Description Description

1 Army Post Survey2 Gas Tanks Survey3 Army Post Survey4 Military and Police Post Survey

5 Rest Area Survey, consultation

6 Communication Tower Survey

7 Road Security Post Survey, consultation

8 Gas Station Survey, consultation

9 Overpass and rest area Survey, consultation

10 Intersection Survey11 Army Post Survey12 small concrete bridge (large culvert) Survey13 settlement – farmland Survey,



Waypoint Description Description

consultation

14 settlement - farmland (saw grazing goat and sheep) Survey consultation

15 emergency runway for about 5Kmafter that settlements within range of 2-4Km

Survey

16 rest area with gas station Survey, consultation

17 parking area and overpass (close to border), trucks parking)sand dunes on ramp

Survey

18 farmhouses at 200m proximity Survey, consultation

19 Settlement Survey, consultation

20 Governmental gas station Survey, consultation

21 Rest Area Survey, consultation

22 Army Post Survey23 Check Point Survey

24 Expressway crossing wadi (culvert), wadi with dry pondslandscape changed to more hilly, saw grazing goat and sheep

Survey

25 Town Survey, consultation

26 Town Survey, consultation

27 Town Survey28 Power station Survey29 emergency runway Survey

30 new farm (since one year)scattered farm houses and greenhouses over several Km

Survey, consultation

31 Nomad housing Survey

32 Army Post Survey

33 Governmental gas station Survey

34 Governmental gas station opposite site Survey

35 Power station opposite siteNomad structure


36 Power station Survey

37 Emergency runwaygrazing goat and sheep

Survey

38 Nomad, farm with greenhouses Survey, consultation

39 Mohammedieh (police and commercial) Survey, consultation

40 Town: Abu Jleb Survey, consultation

41 Road Security Post Survey, consultation




42 Warehouses & few houses scattered Survey

43 Sports centre on opposite side)new housing

Survey

44 Entrance of Ramadisettlements/industrial/farms/commercial


45 Bridge Ramadi Survey46 Bridge Ramadi (Japanese) Survey47 overpass damaged by bomb Survey

48 rest house with gas station & maintenanceguard rail completely removed by occupying army


49 maintenance shops along expressway (Fallujah) Survey, consultation

50 industrial area on opposite side, residential area Survey

51 Bridge over train track (2 tracks), newly installed guard raildamaged expansion joint is endangering the traffic

Survey

52 bridge over road to Fallujah with newly installed guard rail Survey53 University Fallujah Survey54 Abu Ghraib Prison Survey55-58 Samawi Al Nasiriya Survey59 start of express way Survey60 start of express way Survey61 other fence ( 12*15)+LHS- Farms ( cows) Survey

62 small communities- No sand roadsSurvey, consultation

63 Road / for heavy agriculture, Farmers, Water Treatmentه Survey

64 House 30 m from road KHS – Many farming communities on both sides

Survey

65 Station RHS Survey

66 Terrain changing to less farming. Row clear– no activity. Scattered houses

Survey

67 Houses, Imam Hussein Nahiyat, 36000 Inhabitants Survey

68 Interview at rest areaSurvey, consultation

69 Restaurant was closed as it it very close to the Expressway, Land scope becomes more aside

Survey

70 Good restaurantSurvey, consultation

71 Small communitiesSurvey, consultation

72 Salty Areas Survey73 Police Station RHS Survey74 School RHS Survey75 Rest area with and airport runway Survey

76 Diwaniya Governorate, Women farmersSurvey, consultation

77 Roads & Bridges in Basra did some minor maintenance works for the Expressway terrain canals hard crossing

Survey




78 Water canal - Open rest areas Survey79 Detour, sliding and closing the right side for re-construction Survey80 Diwaniya Rest Area LHS Survey

81 Police control within ROW LHS- Right lane is under maintenance- Terrain changing to Arid –

Survey

82 Maintenance of right lane is completed but still not opened Survey

83 Arm control on RHS, resurfacing the right lave - No activities.-Single canal

Survey

84 Complete Road Repair Survey85 Rest Area on LHS- No Activities - All troops / UK Survey86 Compound for road maintenance RHS Survey92 Directorate for Road Protection Survey96 Station Survey

The maps below present an account of the entities along the expressway. Annex 3 contains a full inventory.

Figure 28: Consultation Points (1-23)



Figure 29: Consultation points (24 – 35)




Figure 33: Consultation Points (75-86)

Figure 34: Consultation with owners of affected People



Figure 35: Buildings, shops and services along the Expressway

5.2 Results of consultations carried out along the Expressway No. 1

The consultation feedback was received and recorded. This included the identification of the positive and negative socio-economic impacts of the development on the human environment and the possible mitigation/enhancement measures to address the potential adverse effects during the project cycle. The results of the meetings and interviews are summarised in Annex 1. The results of the consultation yields and aspects of concern of the stakeholders are presented below.

Relocation of businesses

Loss of businesses

Reduction in business level due to separation from expressway

Reduction in business level due to construction activities

Level of services made available

Movement of construction vehicles, e.g. heavy truck traffic between construction sites and borrow pits and quarries, etc.

Obstruction of farming e.g. fragmentation of agricultural land, herdsmen with their sheep and goats are obstructed in their daily paths.

Obstructions to wildlife crossing.

Interference with natural patterns and wadis.

Air pollution and noise from old and inefficient construction equipment.

Dust generation from transport of construction materials to construction sites.

Solid, liquid and domestic waste generation during construction

Disposal of construction waste, clean up after completion of works.

Obstruction of natural (or canal) water flow

Damage to farming from pollution particularly during construction.



Fragmentation of urban areas and separation between residence and services, for example schools.

Access to the expressway by village residents

Lighting

Security

5.3 Results of Public Town Hall Consultation Sessions

Further to the consultation along the Expressway No. 1, two town hall type consultation sessions were held. The first was in Al-Anbar where all affected people along the western part of the Expressway were invited, and the second one was in Babil, where all affected people in the six governorates along the southern part of the Expressway were invited. The summary report of these sessions is included in Annex 2 and in the RAP Report. The following is a summary of the main output from each consultation session.

5.3.1 Western Consultation Session

Attendee’s questions, comments and clarifications requested during the session have been documented and presented in Arabic and English in Annex 5 of RAP Report. Summary of the findings are presented below:

Sand dunes are very common which cause many accidents; there should be special equipment at Al Rutbah Centre to avoid these accidents.

The Expressway has been expanded at Saqlawiyah and Alsger, those should be linked to the Expressway. In addition, should be linked to Traffic directorate of the Expressway.

Creating arenas for the parking of vehicles with a heavy load, the current parking areas are narrow causing damage to the highway,

All small villages should be linked to the expressway by creating special access road connecting the village.

Planting some trees surrounding the Expressway area, in cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture.

For any job opportunity, the priority should be given to the locals surrounding the Expressway as many of them are jobless.

Creating alternative road for fuel transportation as these vehicles damage the road and cause many accidents. Approximately 750-1000 fuel vehicle pass to Jordanian and Syrian borders daily.

There are 4 maintenance centres along the western part of the road. The Maintenance of the Expressway is not sufficient and they do not have sufficient equipment to follow-up required maintenance work for the expressway. It is required to provide the Expressway traffic by sufficient equipment.

A special institution should be assigned to guard the furniture of the Expressway after rehabilitation.



There should be traffic centres with Ambulance at adequate distances, this way many of the accidents will be avoided.

Police centres along the road cause many accidents and should be moved to each side of the road

Weighing bridges should be created along the road and especially at the borders.

The current stations and restaurants along the road provide the lightening of the road and act as security points.

5.3.2 Southern Consultation Session

Attendee’s questions, comments and clarifications requested during the session have been documented and presented in Arabic and English in Annex 7of RAP Report. Summary of the findings are presented below:

Expressway land adjacent to the road is owned by the Government; restaurant and stations can be built and rented to the affected people.

Recommendation: to rent the official restaurants to the owner of the unlicensed restaurants

Previously many violations have been occurred due to the bad security issues along the expressway. The rehabilitation works are expected to minimize the violations by raising the security of the expressway.

Coordination with all related institutions should be more effective.

Study the best locations for police centre along the road

Activation of laws and regulation is recommended to prevent people from any violation; such as cutting fences and guardrails.

An International company is recommended for the design and supervision of the road

Provide safe access for people who need to cross from one side to another; such as school students, farmers,

Account for Animals' access from one side to another

A very important to reduce dust and noise and environmental pollution especially in densely populated areas, is to plant some trees along the Expressway.

Abu Al Deba' village has no access to the expressway if the fence is going to be installed. Respectively, 40 families are expected to lose their access

Most of the PAPs requested to be compensated for any losses by having similar official entities and not to be given money.

5.4 Grievance Redress Mechanism



MOCH is proactively working with the Governorates along the Expressway to establish Governorate Resettlement Committees (GRCs). A GRC is being established in each Governorate and is being charged with overseeing the effective and efficient operation of a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). The GRCs will include the following representatives:

Ministry of Construction and Housing/Project Management Unit (PMT) Expressway Department Governorate Council member Local Council member Ministry of Agriculture Legal Consultant Financial Department Elected Governorate and community (Association) representatives

The GRMs are being set up to be easily accessible to members of the general public who have concerns, complaints or requests for information on the road works. Their core objective will be to respond effectively and in a timely way to concerns/complaints received from the public about project activities that are, or have potential to, adversely affect them or their communities. Information on the GRM will be widely disseminated prior to road work commencing through local newspapers, flyers and via sign boards posted at road works entrances and at each service lay-by along the road. Additionally, the MOCH website will provide information on the GRMs in each Governorate and provide contact information.

The GRMs are charged with resolving grievances and misunderstandings that arise in relation to the resettlement plan for Expressway No. 1. Given relatively limited access to internet by communities along the Expressway, communications on grievances will be recorded and filed in hard copy correspondence. Requirements have been set so that persons submitting grievances will receive a response and proposed resolution from the GRC within 15 days of receiving the grievance. In the event that the complainant/s are dissatisfied with the proposed resolution, they may lodge an appeal directly with the Governorate office, but this must be received by the Governorate office within 30 days of receipt by the complainant/s of the GRC’s proposed resolution. A 15 day response time to received appeals by the Governorate office will be the standard turnaround. If the complainant/s remain dissatisfied with the decision of the Governorate office, they have recourse to the courts. Utilization of the GRM process will not impose any costs on the complainant/s.

The Governorate and MOCH will keep detailed records of all grievances received, responses provided, and resolutions provided.



6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ANALYSIS

6.1 Introduction

This chapter identifies the potential impacts of the project during construction and maintenance/operational phases, and analyses their magnitude and significance. The project activities presented in chapter 3 are analysed for their potential impacts on environmental media, resources and socio-economic issues. Impact scoping is presented in the next section. Impact significance was analysed by experts.

In addition, and in line with WB OP 4.12 for involuntary resettlement, a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) was prepared to ensure appropriate approach for involuntary resettlement of Project Affected People (PAP). The RAP document contains a full inventory of the adversely affected PAPs and a description and assessment of the expected adverse impacts on these PAPs and an inventory of the proposed measures for mitigation and compensation. The RAP has been prepared through extensive consultation with the PAPs and the proposed measures have been discussed with them and are based on fair and acceptable solutions. The RAP complements the ESIA process and provides detailed mitigation for the corresponding aspect in conjunction with the ESMP provided in the ESIA.

6.2 Scoping of Environmental and Social Impacts

Scoping of environmental and social impacts was undertaken as expert group process that took into account findings from stakeholder’s interviews and the consultation process. It was done for the rehabilitation phase of the project. The project activities described in chapter 3 were listed against physical, ecological and social components.

The scoping matrix is presented in Table 21. The results of the scoping matrix show that:

1. The negative environmental and social impacts of the construction activities of the project are relatively minor and short-term.

2. None of the identified negative impacts of individual construction activities was scored as being highly significant and especially difficult to mitigate or compensate.

3. The project activities with the highest number of identified negative impacts are relocation of small business located on the ROW: traffic diversion and construction of access points, installation of fence on both sides of the road, restoration of road surface, rehabilitation of bridges and underpasses, generation and disposal of construction waste, and operation of the workers camps.

4. The short-term, negative impacts of the construction phase will be offset by long term positive impacts after completion of the works.

5. Physical aspects mostly affected by the construction phase are: noise level and air quality.

6. The ecological aspects mostly affected by the construction phase include impacts of fencing and rehabilitation of underpasses on grassland and desert ecosystems.

7. Negative social impacts of the construction phase of the project are related primarily to relocation of small businesses, road and labour safety, and operation of the labour camps.



8. The relocation of small businesses will be undertaken only after completion of alternative sites for them on dedicated lay-bys. This will ensure that their business can continue to operate as long as possible prior to relocation.

9. The positive impacts of the project construction phase relate primarily to generation of local employment and road safety.

10. The significant positive impacts of the construction phase of the project relate to road safety as result of relocation of small businesses to safer sites with improved services access, installation of side and median guardrails, signs and road furniture, and installation of fence on both sides of the road.

11. The construction activities of particular attention are: installation of fence on both sides of the road, restoration of road safety, and setting up and operation of workers camps.

12. The most sensitive physical and ecological aspects of the receiving environment are found to be noise and protected areas.

13. The most sensitive social aspects of the project are: the relocation of small businesses, from ROW to dedicated services area, local employment, and integrity of the local community.

14. The most significant (yet still on minor significance) negative impacts resulting from the combination of impact significance, weight of the construction activities, and sensitivity of the receiving environment and social context are:

Impact of road fencing on operation of small businesses and road crossing by people and animals;

Relocation of small businesses;

Impact of road resurfacing on noise levels, and

Impacts of labour camps operation on the integrity of the local communities.

15. The most significant positive impacts of the construction phase of the project resulting from the combined effect of impact significance, weight of the construction activities, and sensitivity of the receiving environment and social context are:

Impacts of road fencing, road resurfacing and labour camps on local employment;

Combined impact of construction activities on local employment;

Relocation of small businesses located on ROW to safer improved and dedicated service areas.



Table 21: Impact Scoping Matrix for the Construction Phase of the Expressway No. 1Physical Aspects Ecological Aspects Social Aspects

Construction Activities

A. E

rosi

on/L

and

stab

ility

B. A

gric

ultu

ral S

oil a

nd L

and

C. A

ir Q

ualit

y

D. N

oise

Lev

els

E. S

urfa

ce W

ater

Qua

lity

F. G

roun

dwat

er Q

ualit

y

G. L

ands

cape

Val

ue

H. G

rass

land

Eco

syst

em

I. D

eser

t Eco

syst

em

J. W

ater

Eco

syst

em

K. P

rote

cted

/End

ange

red

Spec

ies

L. P

rote

cted

Are

as

M. L

and

Acq

uisi

tion

N. O

pera

tion

of sm

all b

usin

esse

s

O. L

ocal

Em

ploy

men

t

P. H

isto

rical

/Cul

tura

l Site

s

R. R

oad

and

Labo

r Saf

ety

S. In

tegr

ity o

f the

loc

al c

omm

unity

Com

men

ts

1.Traffic diversion and construction site access points

0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 0-

10

2.Road marking for road lanes and exits

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Very short term

3.Installation of side and median guardrails

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 +1 0+

20

Relocation after completion of works

4.Installation of signs and road furniture

0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 0+

20

5.Installation of fence on both sides of the road

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 -1 +1 0+

20

Relocation after completion of works

6.Delivery of construction materials

0 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 Very short term

7.Restoration of road surface 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 +1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 0 -1 0Cumulative

impacts

8.Rehabilitation of bridges, underpasses and culverts 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 +1 0 -1 0 Long term positive

9.Generation and disposal of construction wastes

0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assumes good practice

10.Labour camps 0 -1 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 0 0 -1 Location specific



Legend: 0 = no impact; -1= Minor negative impact; -2= Significant negative impact; +1= Minor positive impact; +2= Significant positive impact

Sensitive environmental and social aspects, most disturbing construction activitiesNegative or positive impacts of particular attention



6.3 Environmental and Social Impacts during the Construction Phase of the Project

6.3.1Introduction

This section provides assessment of potential negative and positive impacts of the road rehabilitation during the construction phase. It follows the impact scoping approach described above. However, the following modifications of the assessment framework were made:

1. Construction activity: Road marking for road lanes and exists were found to cause no or negligible impacts on the physical, ecological and social aspects, and hence will not be further analysed in this section.

2. Physical aspect: Erosion and land stability is predicted not to be affected by the project during construction activities and hence it will not be further analysed in this section.

3. The physical aspects: Surface Water Quality and Groundwater Quality are predicted to be negligibly affected by the project construction activities. The combined impacts on surface and groundwater will be further analysed in this section.

4. The physical aspects: Agricultural Soil and Land as well as the Landscape Value are predicted to be negligibly affected by the project construction activities (primarily by the construction waste generation and handling). These aspects will be further discussed in one joined sub-section.

5. The ecological aspect: Water Ecosystem is predicted not to be affected by the construction activities of the project due to sufficiently safe distance to water ecosystems of significant values (at least 2km) and limited nature of the rehabilitation works. Hence, this aspect will not be further analysed in this section.

6. The ecological aspects: Endangered Species and Sensitive Areas are not expected to be negatively affected by the construction phase of the project due to sufficient distance to the sites (at least 2 km) and limited scope of the rehabilitation works. The combined impacts on these two aspects will be further analysed in this section.

7. The Social aspects: There is no new land acquisition required under the project and land along the Expressway No. 1 is owned by the state. Hence, the effects of new land acquisitions will not be further analysed in this section. However, the presence and operation of numerous small businesses which have encroached on the ROW means that this aspect will be analysed.

8. Historical and cultural sites will not be affected by the construction phase of the project as no such sites are located in the immediate vicinity of the road alignment. Consequently, this aspect will not be further analysed in this section.



6.3.2 Physical Aspects

A) Impacts on Agricultural Soil, Land and Landscape Value

The primary potential impact of the project activities on land, soil and landscape value is linked to the generation and handling of construction waste. Negative impacts of improper storage and disposal of waste during construction relates to demolition waste, cement, bricks, sand and gravel, paints, solvents, fuel, and domestic waste from the labour force.

Road rehabilitation (and widening) will result in the generation of soil and asphaltic waste. Improper disposal of wastes from works can potentially lead to the contamination of soils and watercourses. When spoil material from road excavation or surplus fill is dumped along the side of the road, it can damage vegetation, contribute to erosion and destroy agricultural land. Such waste can block also access roads, and lead to dust arising. In addition, equipment maintenance and fuelling may cause contamination of soils and watercourses, in case of improper or careless handling of petroleum products (lubricants, fuels, or solvents). Negative impacts can also occur because of pollution from inadequate sanitation.

Another important waste generation is expected during cleaning the blocked drainage system. These wastes should be disposed at vacant land so it won’t have negative impact on the surrounding area. Waste generation may arise at the contactor’s base camp and work site as a result of inadequate provision and use of sanitary and waste facilities and spillage or leakage of polluting materials.

The quantities of wastes are expected to be small, and period of storage is expected to be short prior to final disposal or reuse. Hence, the impact of the project activities on land, soil and landscape values is expected to be minor or negligible.

B) Impacts on Air Quality

The air quality assessment performed for the Expressway 1 Rehabilitation Project is focused on the estimation of emissions due to construction and operation activities and their contributions to the local air quality.

Construction Phase:

For the construction phase of the project, dust emissions considered the most significant pollutant are estimated. Construction machines and vehicle fuel emissions are not estimated as low number of heavy machinery is expected to be used.

Dust is the major pollutant to be produced during excavation, cut-fill and land preparation works. In order to determine dust emissions to be produced due to abovementioned activities, dust emission factors determined by USEPA are used. These emission factors and the corresponding calculation methods are given below in table 19.

The volume of cut and fill material used during upgrading the Road No. 1 is small. According to the

BoQ it is about 210,000 m3 (see table 23). Most of it will be used for upgrading or construction of



checkpoints.

Dust produced during the loading, unloading, transportation and storage was estimated below. Construction period is assumed to be 24 months, and the working period is 24 days per month and 10 hours in a day.

The Total Excavation and Filling Volume per hour is:

210,000 m3/ 24 month = 8,750 m3/month = 36.4 ton/hour

Table 22 USEPA Emission Factors for Construction Works

Table 23 shows the estimated volume of cut, spoil and filling material for construction/rehabilitation of Expressway No. 1 (according to the Bill of Quantities).

Table 23 Cut and Cut and Filling Volume during ConstructionRoad Length [km] Volume of cut to Volume of filling Sub-total [m3]Section

R4 105 16,000 40,000 56,000R5 77 2,000 5,000 7,000R7 145 4,000 10,000 14,000R8 112 2,000 5,000 7,000R9 124 20,000 50,000 70,000

R10 134 2,000 5,000 7,000R11 137 2,000 5,000 7,000R12 129 8,000 20,000 28,000R13 76 4,000 10,000 14,000Total 963 60,000 150,000 210,000

spoil material [m3] material [m3]

Estimation of dust emissions:

A - Loading of Construction Materials:

0.01 kg/ton * 36.4 ton/hour = 0.4 kg/hour dust is estimated to be generated.

B - Transportation of construction materials:

Materials from cut and locally imported materials will be used as a fill material. Assuming that on the average storage areas are 5 km away from the construction site:

36.4 ton/hour / 20 ton/truck = 2 truck trips/hour


Activity Emission FactorLoading debris into trucks 0.01 kg/tonTruck transport of debris 0.7 kg/km-vehicleTruck unloading of debris 0.01 kg/ton


2 truck trips/hour * 5 km * 0.7 kg/km-truck = 7 kg/hour of dust emissions will be generated.

C - Unloading of the Materials:

0.01 kg/ton * 36.4 ton/hour = 0.4 kg/hour of dust generation.

D - Total volume of dust generated per hour as a result of cuts and fills:

0.4 kg/hour + 7 kg/hour + 0.4 kg/hour = 7.8 kg/hour

The main pollutant from the project construction/rehabilitation activities is dust produced by cut and fills. As construction phase would only aim at rehabilitating an existing road, and construction works are limited in nature according to the status of road sections, quantities of dust emissions are expected to be very low. The average hourly dust generation along the whole road alignment is estimated to reach 7.8 kg. The dust and gaseous impact will be limited to 100m wide corridor along the road and no impact is expected on the neighboring communities and habitats.

Hence, the project impact on air quality during the rehabilitation phase are expected to be minor in magnitude, direct but short-term, especially on construction workers, market centers and local residents of the area (in a close proximity, if any) which may be accentuated in dry weather conditions.

Operation and Maintenance Phase:

The air emissions during the standard operation and on-going maintenance of the Expressway No. 1 will be caused by vehicle emission and road maintenance work of the road.

The vehicle count data on the Expressway is obtained from the Economic Feasibility Study for Rehabilitation and the Upgrading of expressway No. 1 (Consolidated Consultants, June 2013).According to this Economic Study, It is forecasted that traffic will increase annually at a rate of 4%. According to the trends in the number of passenger cars, minibuses, light trucks axle trucks, the road traffic projection is performed for the year 2032 in the Study and the projected numbers for vehicles are given in Table 21. The numbers in this table indicate annual average daily number of vehicles passing through the highway.

Table 24 Daily traffic volumes: 2012 and 2032 (prediction) - Vehicle/Day

Section R4. Length: 105 km2012 31,140 12,767 4,360 4,982 9,0312032 68,232 27,975 9,552 10,917 19,787

Section R5. Length : 77 km2012 28,758 11,791 4,026 4,601 8,3402032 63,012 25,835 8,822 10,082 18,274

Section R7. Length: 145 km



2012 25,140 10,307 3,520 4,022 7,2912032 55,085 22,585 7,712 8,814 15,975







Total all sections. Length: 963 km2012 227,510 93,279 31,851 36,402 65,9782032 498,502 204,386 69,790 79,760 144,566

Total vehicular emissions along Expressway No. 1 were calculated using the HDM-IV model. The emissions were calculated for years 2013 through 2034 using the predicted traffic counts (annual increase of 4%) for each road section. The key pollutants: hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, particulates, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and lead were calculated as total annual emissions in tonnes. Table 22 provides summary results over for project analysis period (2013 -2034). The results for the whole length of the Expressway No. 1 (963 km- excluding section R6 that is 145 km long under construction) show that the highest increase of emissions over the next twenty years is estimated for Carbon Monoxide (43%). All other pollutants will increase at around 20-25 % over the analysis period compared to the “No Project” scenario. Dispersion model could not be applied to calculate the expected ambient air concentration of these pollutants due to lack of required meteorological data. The Ministries of Environment and Construction and Housing will be working together in looking at vehicles standards and emission levels in cases where air monitoring results show excess of ambient air quality standards occasioned by the traffic increase on the expressway No.1

It should be noted that these increases in road traffic air emissions are not a direct impact of the Project since the Project will not generate traffic that otherwise will not exist. The project will not divert traffic from other roads or induce traffic since the capacity of the road is not being improved under the Project. The Level of Service of the road will not change systematically; it is the safety driving patterns and vehicle operating costs of existing and projected traffic that are going to improve.



In summary, the traffic volume on Expressway No. 1 is estimated to increase by 119% in 2034 compared to 2013; however this will lead to only about 20-25% increase in pollutants over the analysis period due to smoother driving pattern and reduced vehicle operating costs.

Table 25: Total vehicular emissions from Expressway No. 1 according to the HDM-IV - model. (Tonnes over 2013 -2034 period)

RoadHydroca

rbonCarbon

monxideNitrous oxide

Sulphur dioxide

Carbon dioxide

Particulates

Lead

Section HC CO NOx SO2 CO2 PTM Pb

R4: 105km

No Project

122402 122211 439199 21376 29959502 80731 746

Project 152689 174833 538568 25963 36291956 98050 900

% change

25% 43% 23% 21% 21% 21% 21%

R5: 77km

No Project

82911 83007 297458 14473 20289493 54660 506

Project 103346 118358 364534 17573 24565655 66363 610

% Change

25% 43% 23% 21% 21% 21% 21%

R7: 145km

No Project

137367 137995 492602 23963 33590431 90504 837

Project 170459 195388 601229 28979 40517609 109441 1006

% change

24% 42% 22% 21% 21% 21% 20%

R8: 112km

No Project

87748 88408 314568 15299 21443263 57782 534

Project 108326 124029 382110 18420 25750362 69564 639

% change

23% 40% 21% 20% 20% 20% 20%

During the standard maintenance phase of the project, the project related air emissions will be substantially lower than those during the construction/rehabilitation phase due to substantially reduced scope of works for the maintenance compared to the rehabilitation.

C) Impacts on Noise Levels

Noise is a persistent environmental problem. It is well established that continuous exposure to high levels of noise will damage human health. Generally, physiological impacts are of most concern,



which include hearing loss, increased frequency of headaches, fatigue, stomach ulcers, head rush, blood pressure, hypertension, and ischemic heart diseases. (Ref: World Health Organization WHO, 2004).

The construction works, delivery of materials by heavy trucks and the use of machinery/equipment including bulldozers, generators, grinders, mixers, compactors and crushers, drills will be the main source of noise and vibration and will contribute to elevated levels of noise and vibration within the construction site and the surrounding area. Noise will cause inconvenience to local vendors in the nearby small businesses.

Noise impacts are expected to increase during construction due to the use of construction machinery and earth-moving equipment. It is estimated (considering major construction equipment to be used); the daytime noise levels must be within the applicable standards of 85 dB when the noise receptor is at a distance of 50m or more from the noise source - except for high noise equipment like pneumatic hammers and combined use of several noisy equipment.

As this is an existing road, noisy activities will be very limited compared to the size of the road. Noise will affect mostly the workers of the project and vendors located along the road. The local population is not expected to be affected as the road alignment is located sufficiently far from residential areas.

The traffic volume will not rise due to the project’s activities, as it is an existing road and the additional traffic volume generated by the project is negligible. Accordingly, the noise and vibration caused by additional traffic will be a negligible issue.

D) Impact on Surface and Groundwater Quality

The project activities are expected to have very limited impact on the surface and groundwater quality. The construction activity that may have potential impact on water resources is storage and disposal of construction waste. Yet, the quantities of expected constructed waste temporary storage are very limited; their composition is primarily benign and renders negligible impacts on water resources.

The construction activities related to the drainage system along the Expressway No. 1 are limited to repairs and cleaning and hence no alteration of drainage patterns is expected.

6.3.3 Ecological Aspects

A) Impact on Grassland and Desert Ecosystems

The primary construction activity of the project that may affect the grassland and desert ecosystems through which the road is passing relate to road fencing. The impact of fencing the expressway on wildlife is confined to large mammals occurring in the different sub regions of the road alignment, in a form of a barrier that might block animal movement between their habitats across the expressway. The barrier effect of road fencing on large mammals includes:



Preventing access of these mammals to ecological requirements such as water bodies and foraging areas

Preventing large mammals movements across suitable habitats intersected by the expressway

Potential entrapment of mammals during flooding seasons at certain sites

However, the existing underpasses allow movement of animals under the expressway and the project construction activities will affect the underpasses only during very short time. On the other hand, the road fencing will prevent road accidents involving wild animals crossing the road.

B) Impacts on Protected Areas and Endangered Species

The expressway passes 2km from the IBA of Habbaniya near Ramadi. The potential impact of the contraction activities that might affect the IBA is noise during the construction activities. The noise emissions are envisaged to be limited compared to the existing baseline, and very temporary. In addition, the distance to the IBA is sufficient to render the noise impact minor. Thus, the impact level is considered “low”.

6.3.4 Social Aspects

A) Impacts on the Operation of Small Businesses and Vendors

The project construction activities will result in the relocation of small businesses and vendors which have encroached on the ROW.

Based on the public consultation and analysis the impact of loss of business due to the project construction is quite significant as in many cases the business supports multiple families and constitutes the only source of income. The income of the small businesses and farm venders is highly unpredictable and owners generally do not know what their average monthly earning is. It is not expected that relocation of these small businesses will result in loss of income because the new lay-bys will be completed before the businesses are asked to relocate. However, if small businesses relocation does result in lost income (which might be losses of only 2-3 days income during the time when small business will be moved from the ROW to the new lay-by), then compensation will be estimated on the basis of an average family national income of 13,000 USD per household given the lack of any other reliable income data for these small businesses.

An Inventory of all affected entities along the road has been prepared and they are mostly private businesses (mostly shops, restaurants). The licensed entities are mostly located close to gas stations and unlikely to be adversely affected by the road works.

The Consultant noticed that some small villages exist especially within the southern part of the road that contains some farms. Those farms may be affected by losing their direct access to the other side of the road. The Consultant has accounted and recommended for special access to serve those farms. A full inventory is included in the Annex 3, and in Figure 41 presents the professions along the Iraq Expressway No.1.



Figure 36: Entities along the Iraq Expressway 1






Fencing of Expressway could introduce a further impediment to movement and crossing of farmers and other economic activity groups such as operators of enterprise, nomads and herdsmen. The impact on economic activity as a result of obstruction of movement is limited and the results of the



interviews showed a high preference to the erection of the guardrail and fences as opposed to unobstructed cross-over which was regarded as a high risk and dangerous. The impact of impeding crossing movement is regarded as insignificant given that fencing, blocking public access during construction is likely to be in place for a very short period of time during movement of heavy machinery.

B) Impacts on Local Employment

The number of employees expected to be employed for the supervision of rehabilitation works of the road, based on the anticipated phasing is estimated at 223, of whom 200 are below college degree. Most employees are expected to be males in the age group of 20 – 39 (see Table 26 below). It is expected that most of the unskilled labours will be employed from the local community thus creating positive impact on the local employment.

Table 26: Expected Numbers of Employment during Construction

Level of EducationNumber

Position Supervision

Contractor

Total

Higher Education 23Project Manager 1 1 2

Senior Road Engineers 1 3 4

Bridge Engineers 0 0 0

Site Engineers 0 0 0

Material Engineer 1 2 3

Inspectors 2 6 8

Surveyors 1 3 4

Quantity Surveyor 1 0 1

Lab Technician 0 0

Administrator (secretary) 1 0 1Other 20

0 Skilled Labour 0 100 100

Unskilled Labour 0 100 100

Total 223

C) Impacts on Road and Labour Safety

Construction Phase: The rehabilitation works will affect the traffic in the construction zones and may cause incidents and crashes for both labours and road user if no proper warning system was used at suitable distances along the segment of road where the construction activities are carried out. The contractor will be responsible of implementation a traffic management plan during construction and such plan will be agreed with MoCH and MoI.



Operation/Maintenance Phase: The project activities, which are mainly categorized as road safety measures, will improve the road safety performance of Expressway 1 despite the growth in traffic. According to the economic analysis, the Project will reduce the road traffic fatalities and injuries by an average of 20% along the Expressway. The Project includes an indicator for traffic fatalities and a related reduction target which will be monitored annually.

D) Exposure to HIV/AIDS and other Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

As it is well-known in road construction projects and other similar types of linear infrastructure projects, road workers and truck drivers are considered to have high potential for the spread of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases due to their mobility, age, access to cash, etc. This is partly because construction workers are mostly young, sexually active group of the population, mobile and partly because they are forced to live in hotel rooms and in construction camps. However, the possibility of transient road workers spreading Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and HIV/AIDS is exceptionally low given the specific cultural context of the project locations. Cultural norms and practices sharply curtail engagement between men and women, in particular those who are not related; such as would be the case between migrant labourers and construction workers not from the community, with the women from the local areas and surrounding communities.

E) Impacts on Integrity of the Local Community

External workers hired by the contractor and accommodated in the workers camps may disturb the social integrity of the local community. The impact may occur only if the worker camps are located in the vicinity of small to medium size settlements. The impacts will relate primarily to gender and social relationship within the nearby local communities.

Given the relatively small size of the required workforce in comparison to the population of the centres this impact is considered insignificant.

According to public consultation and analysis the elimination of access between the two sides of the expressway will in some localities impede access to some vital services for residents. For example, residents live on one side and go to school on the other. Similarly it is expected that residents will be have more difficult access to other public and private facilities which will constitute a hardship for the residents. The impact of impeding access to service from one side of the expressway to the other should be mitigated.

6.3.5`Combined impacts of parallel construction activities

Combined impacts of several construction activities conducted in parallel may cause cumulative noise levels exceeding the noise emission levels for individual construction activities. These noise levels are expected to be very short and they can be prevented by avoiding parallel operation of noise equipment and machinery, particularly near the vendor or rest areas, and the Habbaniya lake IBA.



Similarly, excessive dust emissions may be caused by parallel operation of vehicles causing dust emissions (excavators, loaders, finishers). These combined impacts can be prevented by avoiding parallel operation of vehicles and machinery particularly near sensitive areas.

With respect to the location of quarries, borrow pits, batching plants and base camps; it is imperative to note that these are not known yet, because the construction firm and the supervising consultants that will undertake the civil works on the road have not been recruited. It is only when they are on board and have submitted work/project plans that exact number of borrow pits, quarries, batching plants and labour camps will be known. It is also expected that the construction firm will prepare an enterprise-ESMP that will be implemented by the supervising consultants prior to the commencement of the road works. The enterprise-ESMP should reflect the environmental and social issues and their mitigation measures identified in the ESIA study. It should also consider the environmental and social issues that were uncertain during the ESIA study. For example, site specific issues related to exploitation of material sources (quarries and borrow sites), access roads, detours, campsites etc.

6.4 Maintenance Phase

The maintenance phase of the project is much more limited in scope of works than the construction phase. Consequently, the predicted impacts of the maintenance phase of the project will be much more limited than the impact predicted for the construction phase. It is envisaged that the following aspects of the maintenance phase need to be assessed for the risk of negative impacts:

Physical aspects:o Air Quality and noiseo Run off and storm water o Solid Waste

Ecosystem aspects




A) Air Quality and Noise Levels

In general, environmental effects of air and noise emissions from motor vehicles during maintenance phase will be minimal since size of works will be limited to standard repairs.

B) Runoff and Storm Water

There might be some effect on the water resources in areas of maintenance if proper management for maintenance works was not implemented to prevent any dumping of waste in the water bodies within these areas.

Flood risk to the road might occur if cleaning the drainage system was not carried out on regular bases and sediments accumulated in culverts and storm drainage channels along the road.

The associate impacts are predicted to be negligible.

C) Solid Waste

Negative effects could mainly result from improper disposal of solid waste along roadside of the Expressway. Sources of such nuisance could result from:

Improper disposal of construction waste (including bitumen).

Improper disposal of domestic wastes related to the works in parking and service areas.

Improper discharge of hazardous wastes (spills of vehicular oil and fuel).

The volume of such waste is expected to be very low and as such the impact of waste management is predicted to be very minor.

6.4.2 Ecosystem Aspects

The effects of the road maintenance in terms of noise emissions or dust arising are expected to be negligible due to the limited scope of work, and they should not affect mammals, or cause any habitat destruction and fragmentation.



7. MITIGATION MEASURES

This section describes the mitigation measures for adverse impacts that are considered to be significant. The mitigation measures will prevent or reduce potential negative impacts and enhance positive effects of the project. The specific mitigation measures during both construction phase and repairs and maintenance phase address the potential impacts described in the previous section.

In addition, and in line with WB directive for involuntary resettlement, a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared to mitigate and fully alleviate the impacts of involuntary resettlement of Project Affected People (PAP). The RAP contains a full inventory of PAPs whose livelihoods will be adversely affected by project activities and a description of the proposed measure for mitigation and compensation. The RAP has been prepared through extensive consultation with the PAPs and the proposed measures have been discussed with them and are based on fair and acceptable solutions. The RAP compliments the ESIA and provides information on mitigations for the corresponding aspect in conjunction with the ESMP provided in the ESIA.

7.2 Construction Phase



The impact of road works activities on air quality can be reduced by the use of well-maintained equipment as well as by appropriate water spraying for dust control.

General Mitigation measures during the construction phase include:

Operate equipment with air pollution control/environmental management systems

All unnecessary traffic must be strictly limited

Ensure that construction preparations are located away from populated areas.

Avoid noisy operations at the night

Avoid noisy machines operations near the IBAs and replace them by manual works.

Maintain vehicles and machinery in good condition in order to minimize gas emissions and noise.

Avoid bitumen melting activities in open spaces

Apply road watering after heavy movements

Use Personal Protective Gear by workers, and make first aid available onsite.

B) Runoff and storm water on water resources

The following techniques should be incorporated throughout the rehabilitation works of the road to prevent/minimize potential discharges of pollutants:



Storage of hazardous materials, chemicals, fuels, and oils and fuelling of construction equipment should not take place next to any drainage, wetland, spring, creek (ephemeral or active), or other water feature.

Storing on-site materials appropriately on a previously prepared level location and in their original containers. All containers will be properly labelled as to its contents.

Placing water collected during dewatering activities in a suitable retention structure to allow for sediment precipitation prior to discharge

Define a gathering space for construction works, heavy machinery, and storage of hazardous materials.

C) Solid Waste Management

The following measures should be applied to manage construction wastes in such a way that any potential impacts on the environment are minimized or avoided:

• Minimizing waste generation.

• Suppliers must be requested to minimize packaging where practicable.

• Safely treating and disposing of all non-reusable and non-recyclable materials.

• Simple waste management plan for specific waste streams must be developed by the construction contractor prior to construction commencing.

• General waste must be collected and transported to local council approved disposal sites.

• Refuse containers must be located at each worksite.

• Where practical, waste must be segregated and reused / recycled (e.g. scrap metal).

• All personnel must be instructed in project waste management practices and procedures as a component of the environmental induction process.

• A high emphasis must be placed on housekeeping and all work areas will be maintained in a neat and orderly manner.

• Chemical wastes must be collected in 200 litre drums (or similar sealed container) appropriately labelled for safe transport to an approved chemical waste depot or collection by a liquid waste treatment service.

• All hazardous wastes must be appropriately stored in bounded areas away from watercourses and in accordance with legislative requirements.

• Hazardous wastes, such as solvents, rust proofing agents and primer must be stored in bounded areas away from watercourses and in accordance with the requirements of relevant legislation.

• Hydrocarbon wastes, including lube oils, must be collected for safe transport off-site for reuse, recycling, transport or disposal at approved locations.

Confining vehicle maintenance and refuelling to areas in construction camps designed to contain spilled lubricants and fuels.



7.2.2 Ecological Aspects

The two potential impacts of the road construction on the habitats and species: fragmentation of ecosystem and noise emissions should be mitigated.

The faunal underpasses should be cleared to reduce the impacts of barrier caused by road perimeter fence on large mammals’ movement. These structures will also mitigate effects of road kills on large and medium size mammals.

The following sets of mitigations are recommended at the planning, construction and operation stages.

Crossing structures should be regularly maintained to avoid closure.

Human activities should be minimized near crossing passes to avoid disturbances to wildlife using them.

Monitoring and maintaining paths and underpasses to ensure safety and ease of movement for wildlife and livestock.

Providing maintenance to service culverts.

Minimising use of noisy equipment near IBAs and wetlands. Replacing machine operations by manual work in short sections of the road located near such sites.

Promoting ecosystem conservation concepts through conducting public awareness campaigns.

7.2.3 Social Aspects

All affected entities under project activities are situated on state-owned land or have encroached on the Expressway ROW. No land acquisition is necessary under the project and no voluntary land donations are required.

A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared to provide detailed information on PAPs likely to be adversely affected by the project and to specify mitigation measures. As is discussed in the RAP, mitigation measures will target three different groups of PAPs: (i) active operational businesses – owners, tenants and employees working in business entities encroaching on the existing ROW or in businesses that will be adversely affected by the installation of road furniture (raod fencing, road barriers, etc.); (ii) seasonally active entities – owners, tenants and employees of seasonally active small businesses and vending operations, and users of the wo hussaniyahs/mosques; and (iii) persons needing regular access to lands or community facilities across the Expressway.

(i) Active and Operational Business EntitiesThe baseline Census undertaken for the RAO identified 125 entities that are operational year-round. Interviews and public consultations with these PAPs revealed strong support for mitigation measures that involve relocation to nearby service lay-bys with dedicated parking and facilities (WCs, etc.). The location of these lay-bys will be sensitive to the place of residence of the operators to limit any hardships introduced by need to travel to a distant place of business from their residence/original business. These PAPs will be provided with a facility of the same size (square metre) and of the same or improved construction.



Income losses from relocation will be minimized as the lay-bys will be established before the business entities are required to relocate. In the event that livelihood losses are incurred due to the need, for example, to move heavy equipment such as fridges, generators, etc. over a period of days, cash compensation will be pro-rated based on average Iraqi household annual income (US$13,000) by number of days required for relocation.

(ii) Seasonally active Business and Cultural EntitiesThe RAP prepared identified 26 small business entities that are either encroaching on the ROW or are very close to the ROW but which were closed. Some of these entities appeared to be abandoned and public consultations indicated that the operators had left the location permanently. However, a considerable number were in serviceable condition and may well be open on a seasonal basis to serve the tourist trade. Continuing efforts are being made to confirm which of these entities operate seasonally and to identify the owners and workers in them. Appropriate consultations and mitigation measures will then be identified for these PAPs including relocation to a nearby service lay-by. The same consultation, relocation and mitigation procedures will then be applied to owners, tenants and workers of these entities.

The two hussaniyahs/mosques situated very close to the ROW also appeared to be unused at the time the RAP baseline census was undertaken. These are small structures of the type typically established to serve travellers; they have no special cultural or religious significance beyond the usual roadside mosques serving travellers. It is possible that these mosques also operate on a seasonal basis. Given this, the hussaniyahs/mosques will be left as is but served by a short access road from the Expressway with appropriate gaps being left in the roadside fencing and road barriers. These mitigations will be financed by the MOCH.

(iii) Persons needing Access across the ExpresswayTraffic along the Expressway is heavy and travels at high speed. Crossing the Expressway is currently unsafe and will be curtailed following the installation of road barriers and fencing under the project. Although this will improve safety, it risks fragmenting communities and agricultural and nomadic/herding activities. Mitigation for such fragmentation will be through rehabilitation of existing underpasses and overpasses which have fallen into disrepair over time. These can accommodate pedestrian traffic, farm equipment, herders and animals. Renovation of the under-passes in each road section will be done prior to installation of fences and road barriers so cross-road passage is not inhibited.

Mitigation measures to address social concerns and issues will be implemented progressively as work is planned and commenced on each road segment. The baseline Census conducted for the RAP, plus additional information gathered on the seasonally active entities, will establish the parameters for mitigation provided.



As all businesses targeted for relocation fall in the ROW, the loss of business and the costs incurred in relocation should be compensated for to owners and, even more importantly, owners and employees. The compensation should be in the form of alternative well planned and serviced facilities within which the operators are given an improved setup – dedicated lay-bys with services such as WCs, etc. and parking located just outside the ROW with proper access. The location of the facilities will be sensitive to the place of residence of the operators to limit any additional hardship of travel to a distance place of business from their community. The newly planned facilities will be in the proximity of underpasses or overpasses or intersections.

During the construction phase of the project, there are risks posed to human health by industrial accidents resulting from the use of heavy construction equipment. In order to minimize these risks:

• Qualified personnel must be employed for the construction equipment, and personnel must be trained for health and safety issues.

• Working shift of workers of construction activities must be limited.

• Personal protection equipment such as eyeglasses, gloves, hard heads and safety belts must be supplied.

• Personnel must be monitored to assure they use protection equipment.

• Emergency health care and fire fighting must be available within the project area.

7.3 Maintenance Phase

This section describes the mitigation measures of the proposed impacts within the operation phase. Road maintenance is associated with very minor negative impacts, most of which are of a temporary nature and can be alleviated with good practice. Contractors are responsible for adhering to these mitigation measures and implementing them throughout the duration of their contracts in coordination with the Supervising Consultant and the PMT.

7.3.1 Physical


Ambient air quality and noise monitoring program should be implemented during the maintenance phase. The following measures could be adopted:

Limiting operation of noisy equipment to day hours.

Avoiding parallel operation of noisy equipment near service and vendor areas.

Operation of well maintained equipment and vehicles.

Spraying of water to reduce dust emissions.

Periodical monitoring of vehicular emissions.

On site speed controls.

B) Solid Waste Management



During the maintenance period, some littering and waste generation resulting from the repairing activities will occur. Solid waste during the project operation phase comes from contaminated soil, and municipal waste consisting of food remains, organic, paper, plastic, tins, glass, cardboard, etc. Littering may occur due to wind action. All the above solid waste must be gathered collected and disposed to a designated disposal site.

The following actions must be followed:

Providing appropriate bins in parking and service areas along the road,

Using appropriate waste containing and collecting system for hazardous wastes (used oil and fuel spills), and

Storage of hazardous materials, chemicals, fuels, and oils and fuelling of construction equipment should not take place next to any drainage system, shops or service stations.

Storing on-site materials appropriately on a previously prepared level location and in their original containers. All containers will be properly labelled as to its contents.

Adopting a recycling system in parking and service areas for recyclable materials like, plastic containers, paper and cardboard, cans, and glass,

Promoting good practice through conducting public awareness campaigns.

C) Social Aspects

The socio-economic impacts of the maintenance phase on inhabitants can be minimized by adopting traffic management plans to ensure a safe and efficient movement of traffic during maintenance as well as by informing the public about the schedule of road works activities. During the maintenance phase, ongoing maintenance of the services provided in the service lay-bys established, including WCs and refuse collection, will be undertaken. Additionally, routine clearing and maintenance of the underpasses will be undertaken to ensure continued easy access by all users.



8. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Table 27 presents the proposed Environmental and Social Management Plan for Construction Phase. It should be noted that a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared to identify social issues relating to the relocation of business entities which are currently located on the ROW. The RAP has informed the preparation of the ESMP on social issues for both the Construction and Maintenance Phases.

Table 27: ESMP for Construction Phase

ProjectActivity


and Social Impacts


Frequencyof

Measurement



CostEstimates

Comments

(E.G. Secondar

y Impacts)

Traffic Diversion And Construction Site Access Points

* Air Quality And Noise

* Reduce Working Night Shifts As Much As Possible In Populated Areas and apply road watering after heavy movements

* Apply The Iraqi Regulation For Ambient Noise Levels During This Phase As A Major Tool In Designing The Construction Activities Schedule.

*Measure concentrations of particulate matter

Continuous

Weekly

* The Project Contractor In Coordination With The Supervising Consultant

* MoCH in close coordination with MOE

*Included Within Contractor's Fees

*This will be incorporated in the lump sum of $150,000 for air quality monitoring: table 22


* Use Personal Protective Gear by workers, and make first aid available onsite.

*provide warning signs at suitable distance around working areas

*Continuous during construction


*Included within contractor's fees

Relocation of small businesses encroaching on

Economic loss and hardship

* Establishment of dedicated rest areas outside the ROW

Once for each road segment

MoCH/SCRP US$6,192,900



ProjectActivity


and Social Impacts


Frequencyof

Measurement



CostEstimates

Comments

(E.G. Secondar

y Impacts)

ROW

with services provided. Completion of rest areas will be done before relocation of small businesses to minimize loss of income during relocation.

* Compensation will be provided for loss of income resulting from relocation

for the whole road

Installation of side, median guardrails and fence on both sides of the road

* Grassland and desert ecosystems

* Mapping of home range of wild life to enable establishment of baseline and select locations for underpasses


* Re-cultivating affected vegetation to the extent possible

* Final design documents

* After construction



* Varies with sub-projects depending on its characteristic

Relocation after completion of work

Relocation of small businesses

Provide access road to the new rest areas

Once at the beginning of the project

MoCH/SCRPIncluded within contractors fee

Delivery of construction materials


* Covering of delivered materials.

* Proper storage of construction materials

* Avoid noisy operations at

Continuous during construction

* The Project Contractor in coordination with the Supervising


Very short term



ProjectActivity


and Social Impacts


Frequencyof

Measurement



CostEstimates

Comments

(E.G. Secondar

y Impacts)

night

* Limiting traffic speeds and applying water regularly on dusty roads

Consultant / TBD


*Limit speed of the vehicles*Avoid working near populated

centres*Proper warning system within


devices for workers

Continuous during

construction



Restoration of road surface

(including current paving of

the Diwaniya-Nasiriya

section)


*Avoid bitumen melting activities in open spaces

*Ensure that construction preparations are located away from populated areas

*Maintain vehicles and machinery in good condition in order to minimize gas emissions and noise

Continuous during

construction

Weekly

The Project Contractor in coordination with the Supervising Consultant


Cumulative Impacts

Road and Labour safety

*Limit speed of the vehicles*Proper warning system within


devices for workersRehabilitation of bridges and

Underpasses Noise Level*Avoid working at night*Maintain vehicles and

machinery in good condition

Continuous during

construction


Included within contractor's

Long term positive



ProjectActivity


and Social Impacts


Frequencyof

Measurement



CostEstimates

Comments

(E.G. Secondar

y Impacts)

in order to minimize gas emissions and noise

the Supervising Consultant / TBD fees

Grassland / desert Eco System

*Mapping of home range of wild life to enable establishment of baseline and select locations for underpasses


* Ensure crossing structures located appropriately to minimize movement barrier effect. Suitable habitats are covered by associated vegetation cover and where crossed by the fenced road should be connected via crossing structures to ensure habitat continuity

*Ensure underpasses are cleared to facilitate movement of farmers, herders, and other persons needing ready access to the other side of the Expressway.* Re-cultivating affected

vegetations to the extent

Quarterly The Project Contractor in coordination with the Supervising Consultant / TBD




ProjectActivity


and Social Impacts


Frequencyof

Measurement



CostEstimates

Comments

(E.G. Secondar

y Impacts)

possible

Road and labour Safety

* Limit speed of the vehicles* Proper warning system within

delivery sites* Provide Personal safety

devices for workers

Continuous during

construction



Consultant / TBD

Included within

contractor's fees

Generation and disposal of construction wastes

Agricultural soil

Confining vehicle maintenance and refuelling to areas in construction camps designed to contain spilled lubricants and fuels,

- Using special containers with complete labelling,

- Using second containment tanks for oil collection and handling,

Collecting, storing and disposing to approved disposal sites, according to MOE requirements, and,

To the extent possible, reusing, recycling and properly disposing of all construction materials

Collecting rehabilitation material and transferring it

Continuous during

construction



Consultant / TBD

Included within

contractor's fees

Assume good Practice

* Air Quality and Noise* Landscape value



ProjectActivity


and Social Impacts


Frequencyof

Measurement



CostEstimates

Comments

(E.G. Secondar

y Impacts)

to a licensed dumping site. It is recommended managing the rehabilitation

Labour camps

Agricultural soil Avoid camp construction over agricultural land

Once / before construction



Included within

contractor's fees

Location specificLandscape value Avoid waste disposal in

unspecified areas Continuous



Included within

contractor's fees

Integrity of the Local Community

Ensure local employment and ensure labour camps are not located inside communities

Continuous



Included within

contractor's fees

Combined Activities Noise

Avoid noisy parallel construction activities, especially near to IBA. Replace noise equipment by manual work near IBAs.

Continuous



Included within

contractor's fees

Table 28 below presents the Environmental and Social Management Plan during maintenance phase.

Table 28: ESMP for Maintenance Phase



ProjectActivity

Potential Environmental and

Social Impacts


Frequencyof

Measurement


(incl. enforcement & coordination)

CostEstimates

Comments(e.g.

secondary impacts)

Road Marking

Road SafetyAir Quality and NoiseWaste Management

Use proper warning signs at suitable distance

during maintenance

MoCH As needed / per unit

Only in maintenance areas

Maintenance of side and median guardrails Avoid working at night during

maintenance

Repair of fence Proper collection of waste in working areas.

during maintenance

Maintenance of road surface Avoid bitumen melting activities in open spaces

during maintenance

Maintenance of bridges and cleaning of underpasses

Regular Cleaning of underpasses and culverts Winter season

Maintenance of service areas for relocated small businesses Waste Management Periodic cleaning and

maintaining services areas QuarterlyMunicipality

As needed Only in lay-bys



9. MONITORING & INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING

Regular monitoring of all significant, environmental and social parameters is essential to ascertain compliance to the country’s environmental laws and regulations. Environmental and Social monitoring helps to detect the scale and extent of impacts caused by the project over time and to assess whether mitigation actions have been properly and timely implemented and are working as expected. The objectives of the monitoring are as follows:

To measure the compliance construction activities with the ESMP mitigation measures.

To verify the results of the project’s environmental and social impacts.

To ensure that all safety concepts were implemented properly.

The monitoring activities will ensure the proper implementation of the environmental and social mitigation measures. The majority of the monitoring will comprise visual observations, carried out at the same time as the supervision engineering monitoring activities. Site inspections will take place with emphasis on early identification of any environmental problems and the initiation of suitable remedial action. Where remedial actions have been required on the part of Contractor, further checks will need to be made to ensure that these are actually being implemented to the agreed schedule and in the required form. Each part of the site where construction is taking place needs to be formally inspected from an environmental viewpoint on a regular basis.

An environmental and social monitoring program is presented for both the construction and operation phases. The monitoring program will focus on noise impact and air quality, water quality and condition of lay-bys within the project area.

In addition, ambient air quality and ambient noise monitoring program will be developed and implemented during the construction activities. Emissions and air quality monitoring programs will provide information that can be used to assess the effectiveness of emissions management strategies. The air quality monitoring program will consider the following elements:

Monitoring parameters (NO2, SO2, CO, TSP and PM10)

Monitoring type and frequency

Monitoring locations

Sampling and analysis methods

In an earlier grant from the World Bank (Iraq Emergency Environmental Management Project), the Ministry of Environment had its capacity enhanced in three key sectors: air, water and solid waste management. Ten air quality monitoring stations were installed in three cities (Baghdad, Basra, and Mosul), as well as mobile air quality monitoring stations in each of the 15 governorates in Iraq. 75% of the stations are operational, and the project intends to collaborate with and involve the Ministry of Environment in the air quality monitoring program. The Ministry of Environment has nominated a focal point to work closely with MoCH-PMT to monitor the air quality aspects during construction and operation/maintenance phases.

The daily monitoring activities will rely on the supervising consultant of all environmental and social impacts to determine contractor compliance or otherwise with the ESMP. The consultant will monitor the application of environmental and social mitigation measures and the result of monitoring activities shall be reflected on the monthly report.

Final Revised ESIA Report 99Consolidated Consultants


The Environmental and Social (E&S) Specialists within the MoCH-PMT will be responsible for ad hoc monitoring of the compliance with the ESMP, and they will work in close collaboration with the EIA unit of the Ministry of Environment. Their responsibility is to follow up and monitor periodically the contractor, the consultant and the sub-project officer and review monthly reports on contractor compliance. The Ministry of Environment has nominated a focal point to work closely with MoCH-PMT to monitor the air quality aspects during construction and operation/maintenance phases of this project.

The (E&S) specialists shall conduct site visit to inspect and determine contractor, consultant and sub-project officer compliance or otherwise with the ESMP and other applicable regulations and statutes. Monitoring activities will rely primarily on field observations, feedback from stakeholders and other affected people, and documentation of their reactions to the project works and their perception of the adequacy of the mitigation measures. Photographic documentation will be required in the continuous and regular monitoring.

Upon completion of the project (i.e. during the maintenance and operation phase) and thereafter, periodic routine inspections/monitoring will continue by the dedicated environmental and social specialists at the PMT in collaboration with the EIA unit of the Ministry of Environment

The World Bank will monitor the implementation of road specific ESIAs/ESMPs and other Safeguard related documents (Resettlement Action Plans etc.). In particular the Bank must ensure that proper monitoring takes place and that the reports are filed regularly. Should these reports indicate incomplete monitoring of specifically identified social issues; these will be reported to the responsible staff in the PMT.

The total cost ESMP cost is estimated at US $ 7,152,900 and is delineated in the table below:

Table 29 : Environmental and Social Management Plan Cost EstimateNo. Reference Cost Items Cost

Estimate (US $)

1 Table 27 ESMP construction phase 6,192,9002 Table 30 & 31 Monitoring (construction

and maintenance phase)460,000

3 Table 33 Institutional and Training 500,0007,152,900

Table 30 presents the monitoring plan during construction and Table 31 presents the monitoring plan during maintenance.

Table 32 presents the Institutional Strengthening and Training Program

Table 33 presents the Reporting Schedule.



Table 30: Monitoring Plan during Construction

ParametersTo BeMonitored




FrequencyOf

Measurement


Reporting)

Cost Of(Equipment &

Individuals)

Air Quality

* Concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5), NOx, SOx, and VOCs

* Apply (spray) water to the construction surface and other piled materials such as sand as much as needed.




In cities and governorates with the fixed and portable air quality monitoring stations close to the expressway 1

* Site inspection

* Measuring concentrations of air pollutants using monitoring equipment and appropriate monitoring methods

Weekly

* Contractor/ Supervising Consultant in coordination with dedicated engineer

* MOCH/ MOE staff using existing fixed and mobile air quality stations.


* Third party monitoring by trained MOE staff. Cost: lump sum of $ 150,000 to cover allowances, transport and equipment maintenance.

Noise Level

* Hearing

* Reduce working night shifts as much as possible in populated areas.


* Site inspection

* Measuring of noise levels using monitoring

Daily

* Contractor * Included in Contractors offer

*Supervising Consultant / in

*Equivalent of one full time







FrequencyOf

Measurement


Reporting)

Cost Of(Equipment &

Individuals)

* Apply the Iraqi Regulation for ambient noise levels during this phase as a major tool in designing the

equipment and appropriate monitoring methods

coordination with dedicated engineer

environmental monitoring engineer / specialist who shall report to Supervising Consultant / $5000/month

Biodiversity

Site clearance-vegetation removal and habitat disturbance

Good site management practices to be observed to ensure minimal disturbance of habitats and sites

Along the Road especially near intersections with population centres, base camps and borrow sites

Site inspection During construction


Consultant/TBD in coordination with dedicated engineer


Waterways

Contamination of waterways due to spillages and disposal of liquid wastes

Maintenance of well-kept construction site and no discharge of effluents into waterways

Waterways/water bodies close to work sites and base camps

Visual inspection During construction


Consultant/TBD in coordination with dedicated engineer


Drainage System

* Readiness of ditches and culverts for rainy season





During construction



*Included in Contractors offer

* equivalent of one full time environmental monitoring engineer / specialist who







FrequencyOf

Measurement


Reporting)

Cost Of(Equipment &

Individuals)shall coordinate and report to Supervising Consultant

Relocation of small businesses currently located on ROW

Relocation to new designated lay-bys provided with services and off the ROW

Near intersections and overpasses

Site Inspection and interviews; Grievance redress mechanism and ex-post relocation audit

During construction MoCH/SCRB

Included in contractor’s offer



Table 31: Monitoring Plan during Maintenance





FrequencyOf

Measurement


Reporting)

Cost Of(Equipment

& Individuals)

Air Quality

* Apply (spray) water to the construction surface as needed.


* Measure/monitor concentrations of particulate matter


In cities and governorates with the fixed and portable air quality monitoring stations close to the expressway 1

* Visual Site inspection

*periodic check

*readings from air quality stations

During maintenance

weekly

* MOCH/ MOE staff using existing fixed and mobile air quality stations.

*MoCH/MOE staff and equipment

* Cost: Lump sum of $250,000 to cover allowances, transport and equipment maintenance

Noise Level

* No night shifts as much as possible in populated areas.




Biodiversity

* Good site management practices to be observed

Along the road, in particular near intersections with population centres, base camps and borrow sites





Waterways

* No discharge of used oils/effluents into waterways




Drainage System





During maintenance

* MoCH* MoCH staff

and equipment

Maintenance of new vendor lay-bys and associated services

Periodic maintenance and waste management New lay-bys Visual inspection Quarterly Municipality

Municipality staff and equipment



Table 32: Institutional Strengthening and Training for Implementation


Activity

Position(s)(institutions, contractors, construction

supervision consultant)Scheduling Responsibilities Cost Estimates

ESIA and requirements of OP4.01 and OP4.12

Project owner (Iraqi Ministry of Construction and Housing and involved governorates: Anbar, Babel, Al-Qadisiya, Al-Muthanna, Dhi-Qar, and Al-Basra)

Throughout project implementation and first year of operation

Project owner 5,000 USD for once + 5,000 USD first year of operation – per governorate


Mitigation Project owner (Iraqi Ministry of Construction and Housing and involved governorates)


Project owner 5,000 USD per year of costruction + 5,000 USD per year of operation– per governorate



Consultant 5,000 USD per year of construction– per governorate





Monitoring Project owner (Iraqi Ministry of Construction and Housing and involved governorates)


Project owner 5,000 USD per year of construction + 5,000 USD per year of operation– per governorate





Activity









Training Participants Types of Training Contents Scheduling Cost EstimatesConsultation sessions - preparation and management.


* On-the-job training workshops

* Preparing for a consultation session* Audience nomination (focus groups)* Consultation communication skills* Effective management of consultation output

During real time conduction of scoping session and public disclosure session

1,000 USD per trainee

(Total budget is a multiplication for nominated trainees from the 6 involved governorates)

* ESIA Implementation* ESMP Implementation

* Staff of the 6 involved governorates: Anbar, Babil, Al-Qadesiyah, Al-Muthanna, Dhi-Qar, and Al-Basra* Staff of Iraqi Ministry of Construction and Housing

* Off-the-job training workshops

* Core value of implementing a ESIA* Key elements of ESIA and systematic approach* Regulatory framework and literature review* Identifying target groups and valued environmental and social components

Twice a year during construction and operation

35,000 USD to 50,000 USD depending upon number of trainees from the Ministry and from the 6 involved governorates + venue expenses




Activity



* Analyzing impacts and putting pollution prevention measures* Key elements of environmental and social management plans* Effective monitoring plan (approaches and fund resources)



Table 33: Scheduling and Reporting

ActivityYear 1 Year 2 Subsequent years

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Mitigation Measure

Air QualityNoise LevelWaterwaysBiodiversitySocio-economyMonitoringAir QualityNoise LevelWaterwaysBiodiversitySocio-economyInstitutional StrengtheningMitigationMonitoringTraining



10. REFERENCES

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- Dilshad G. a. Ganjo nad EIa team (2008), Environmental Impact Assessment, (EIA)report, Deralok Hydropower project, Duhok/KRG-Iraq, Map.Com company

- Drs. A.G. (Bert) Groffen, drs. T. (Martijn) ten Klooster, drs. M. (Mariëlle) de Sain (2004). Evaluation of cultural heritage in EIA Focus on the future. The Netherlands

- Thembeni Cultural Heritage (2010). Heritage Impact Assessment of Dube Trade Zone-Watson Expressway Link Road, Ethekwini Metropolitan Municipality, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

- Janabi Hassan (2010). Water Security in Iraq. Iraqi Ambassador to the UN Agencies in Rome- K.M-S. Abdullah and M.T.Ahmed (2012). Environmental and Radiological Pollution in Creek

Sediment and Water from Duhok, Iraq. Dept of Water Resources, College of Engineering, University of Duhok. Iraq

- Mosher R. Ahmed And Nawzet K. Kheder (2009). Assessment Drinking Water Of Dohuk City. University of Duhok, Iraq

- Unterman McPhail Associates (2011). Cultural Heritage Assessment Report Cultural Heritage Landscapes & Built Heritage Resources. City of Toronto

- World Health Organization (2006). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. WHO Library Cataloguing

- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) (1972). Convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage. General Conference at its seventeenth session, Paris

- Conservation International. (2008). Map of Irano-Anatolian Sub-Region. Website: http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/hotspots/irano_anatolian/Pages/default.aspx. Retrieved on 25 December 2008 .

- Davis, P.H. (1978). Flora of Turkey. (Vol. 6). Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, University Press.

- Evans, M. (1994). Important Bird Areas in the Middle East. Cambridge: BirdLife International.- Guest, E. (1966). Flora of Iraq (Vol. 1). Baghdad: Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of

Iraq.Printed by Robert Maclehose and Company Limited printers to the University of Glasgow. - Moore, HJ & Boswell, C. (1956). Field observations on the birds of Iraq. 1956-1957. Baghdad:

Iraqi Natural History Museum. No 9-10, 12- Mullarney, K, Svensson, L, Zetterstrom, D and Grant, PJ (1999) Collins’ Bird Guide. London,

UK: Collins Publishing.- Mahdi, N (1962) Fishes of Iraq. Baghdad, Iraq: Iraq Ministry of Education.- Ministry of Environment, 2010. Iraqi Fourth National Report to Convention on Biological

Diversity. - Nature Iraq. (2010). 2010 KBA Program Review. Unpublished report for Nature Iraq compiled

by A. Bachmann. August, 2010. Available from [email protected].


mailto:[email protected]


- Nature Iraq. (2009). Conservation of Iraq Mammals. Nature Iraq Position Paper. Publication. No. NI-0409-001. Sulaimani Iraq: Nature Iraq.

- Porter, RF, Christensen, S and Schiermacker-Hansen, P (1996) Field Guide to the Birds of the Middle East. Helm Field Guides. London, United Kingdom: A&C Black Publishers Ltd.

- Salim, M., Porter, R., Christensen, S., Schiermaker-Hanson, P., & Jbour, S. (1996). Field Guide to the Birds of Iraq. Amman: Nature Iraq & BirdLife International. (Arabic).

- Scott, D.A. (ed.) 1995. A Directory of Wetlands in the Middle East. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and IWRB, Slimbridge, United Kingdom.

- Wetlands International 2002. Waterbird Population Estimate–Third Edition. Wetlands International, Global Series No.12. Wageningen, The Netherlands.

- World Wildlife Fund (2006) WildFinder: Online database of species distributions: Iraq Ecoregions, ver. Jan-06 www.worldwildlife.org/wildfinder Retrieved 14 Sep 2009

- Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) website: www.aewa.com

- BirdLife International (BI) Website: www.birdlife.org- IUCN. (2008). Red List. Retrieved November 30, 2008, from http://www.iucnredlist.org- IUCN (2010) Red List Website: www.redlist.org - Nature Iraq (NI) Website: www.natureiraq.org- World Wildlife Fund WildFinder Online database of species distributions:

gis.wwfus.org/wildfinder/

Web Resources

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duhok_Dam - cite_note-0#cite_note-0

http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/Environment/info/pmc/hobart/mnd/Appendix_C.pdf


http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/Environment/info/pmc/hobart/mnd/Appendix_C.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duhok_Dam#cite_note-0%23cite_note-0

http://www.natureiraq.org/

http://www.birdlife.org/

http://www.aewa.com/


Annex 1Feedback from Consultation Points along the Expressway



Annex 1: Feedback from Consultation Points along the Expressway1,2,3 Rest Area: Restaurant, Shop1, Shop 2

An opening is needed every 10 km Renovation welcomed to reduce accidents that are frequently

occurring in front of the complex Impact on business is not expected to be great Attention must be given to diversions to avoid disruption of

business Are not aware of the project Adequate lighting for compound is needed Adequate and well planned entrance to the compound is needed It would be good to rehabilitate the overpasses that are currently

spread every 20 km and ensure access to the expressway is secured through them

Bring back that existed previously: Medical and other Proper management of the expressway including proper axle

weight control Renovation should be well planned and executed and

comprehensive and not patchy Proper cleaning of water channels and underpasses to avoid water

overflow that damages the expressway

4,5,6 Service Area: Restaurant, Shop 1, Shop 2 Replacement of fence necessary to reduce accidents Well planned crossing points can be achieved Full rehabilitation of rest area is required

7 Station km 160: Restaurant, Shop 1, Shop 2 Full rehabilitation of rest area is required Security is important as rest area frequented by Iranian pilgrims Well planned and well secured access is needed Improve compound with landscape

8 Rest Area: Restaurant Remove sand barriers and install properly secured fence Well planned and well secured entrances Adequate lighting Good signage Need other service stations as part of a full network

9 Shop in rest area Fence is a welcomed addition Rehabilitation of all service stations and more are needed as part of

a full network



10 Shop in rest area Heavy presence of Iranians Need to separate truck visitors from other visitors Shops are adversely affected by heavy Iranian visits and security

issues Touristic zone should be separated

11 Bridge Control axel loads Good lighting Guard rail is necessary Well planned entrance If closed will need to relocate to town which will cause heavy loss

of income ROW is used by government for income and should be made

available for residents

12 Shops After Bridge Circular road around city would be helpful Separation between place of residents and facilities Obstruction to passing from one side to the other Parking of trucks is obstructing movement and activities Parking needed

13 Road Security Directorate Buildings were constructed with approval of Ministry of

Construction Many service stations were cancelled Informal and illegal service stations are now dominating service

delivery Good lighting is critical especially for women

14 Farmer Weighing station dominated by special interests Many violations of axel load go unchecked Tenants and landlords are the ones most heavily effected by any

change Need for medical facilities Need to secure expressway and overpasses against sabotage

15 Traffic Directorate Some major violating structures owned by influential people with

own dedicated access road



Maintenance well secured against recurring damage and good management of expressway

Some fence and guardrails were reconstructed by the local authorities

Trucks with extra height have destroyed road signage Many accidents due to absence of guardrail and unregulated

openings Need for overpasses Need for axel load control Need for speed control Need for good signage Need for capacity building to help directorate manage the

expressway

16 Governorate security center-Al Bayen Bridge Guard rail is a priority to control rate of accidents and resulting

injuries and deaths Need to activate weight station for axel load control Many unorganized openings and albescence of island and guard

rail are a high risk hazard Animal crossing is a hazard Wrong direction traffic is common Overpasses linked to road network are needed Recommend to change the expressway alignment as it currently

divides the city Cars braking are a major reason for asphalt deterioration, it is

preferable use concrete pavement Important to light intersections and U-turns Need for speed control Need for signage Need for enhanced public awareness about traffic safety Service roads needed to access illegal stations

17 Abu Ghraib Uncertain about time frame for rehabilitation and need to know

18, 19 Farm, Fresh water factory

Side guard rail is required A cross-over point is needed every 2-3 km Farm product serves mainly Baghdad Some overpasses are not linked to the expressway Many unpaved (dirt and farm) roads intersect the expressway,

these should be handled



20 Latifieh Business is good Overpasses not connected to expressway

21 Residential Area - 90% of households depend on restaurant business Guard rail is important but poses a problem because it divides the

town 18 families benefits from the restaurants All facilities are on land illegally attained Very important to provide good and clear access to restaurants Very little job opportunities for university graduates so have to rely

heavily on restaurant business along expressway

22,23 Restaurants, Residential Area A well known and frequented restaurant and known to be safe Guard rail and fence divide town, residence is frequently on one

side while schools are on the other School children cross the road daily Many accidents due to poor safety of U-turns In the past the residents and children were using the sewage

channels for crossing the road. US army closed them It is important to substitute existing restaurants with rest houses

stations, but it should be in the same area near to residence and safe.

Need for lighting , as the restaurants are currently the only source of lightening

Little attention to protecting or managing the road by officials Restaurants provide security most of the time Area has been safe since 1995

24 Rest Area Area is difficult to build on or choose location because of existence

of underground waters Water is salty Restaurant is very close to road and cannot be moved back because

of obstacles behind it Parking, especially of trucks needs management Many access roads serving communities and farms

25 Rest Area - Diwaniya Privately owned by an investor The rest house had been bought from the original owner- attempts

to obtain security agreements -as it was a private ownership but was within the street (ought to be 130 m.) now its 85m.



Presence of retaining wall 6 km. from Diwanieh affects the area No opening, no close-by overpass Rest area is fully certified and approved Lighting is required The addition of a guardrail will affect business seriously Many restaurants moved from the city to the area of the express

way to follow traffic Business is good Parking should be within the estate - Existence of wall for security

reason A perimeter fence (wall) is required for security Need for more gas stations, now only one exists from Basra to

Baghdad



Annex 2Consultations with PAPs



ANNEX 2: CONSULTATION WITH PAPS

Introduction

The Consultant has also conducted tow public consultation sessions; one for the western part of the road at Al Anbar Governorate- Ramadi area, the other one for the southern part of the road at Babel Governorate.

The main objective of these work shop is to:

Present the purpose, and findings of the ESIA study, and associated mitigation measures proposed through the Final ESIA Report,

Present the legal frame work that govern the resettlement and compensation

Discuss the suggested resettlement and compensation plans with all stakeholders; especially the owner of entities along the road.

This chapter of the report describes the proceedings of Public Consultation Sessions and discusses all comments/ recommendations which have been raised during the sessions.

1 Western Part Public Consultation at Al Anbar Governorate-Ramadi

Public consultation session was held on Tuesday 25 th September, 2012, at the Governorate building in Al Ramadi Area. A list of Invitees was prepared by CC and sent to the PMT in MoCH where they prepared and distributed the invitation letter to all stakeholders. This list and letter on invitation are included in Annex 5 of RAP Report.

The workshop allowed open discussion for attendees in order to collect public feedback on both, the impacts and mitigation measures.

1.1 Workshop Participants

The workshop received 63 representatives from different sectors including; government, NGOs, private sectors, community representatives, as well as owners of the entities along the western part of the Expressway no. 1. Annex 5 of RAP Report presents the full list attendees.

1.2 Workshop Components and Presentations Outline

The workshop was convened at 10:30 am and it was wrapped up by around 01:00 in the afternoon.

The workshop commenced with a welcoming note by Eng. Amer Sai'd, the director of the World Bank projects at the Ministry. An introduction to the Expressway, and nature of the works which will be conducted during the project have been presented by Eng. Nihad; the manager of Expressway. Dr. Sawsan; the team leader of the project has presented an introduction to the



company as well as the team members of the study, following, Engineer Ghassan presented the findings of the ESIA study as well as the suggested resettlement and compensation plan. The presentation can be found in Annex 6 of RAP Report.

After the presentation, participants were given enough time for questions and clarifications in which various points of view regarding impacts, mitigations, compensation and resettlement were discussed openly.

A special discussion session has been conducted after that with the representative of affected people who owns or rent entities along the road. Figure 42 below presents sample pictures during the session.

Opening of the Workshop Presentation of the study findings

Open Discussion Special Discussion with affected entities' owner along the road

Figure 42: Sample pictures during Consultation session at Al Ramadi



1.3 Summary of Session Findings


Sand dunes are very common which cause many accidents; there should be special equipment at Al Rutbah Centre to avoid these accidents.

The Expressway has been expanded at Saqlawiyah and Alsger, those should be linked to the Expressway. In addition, should be linked to Traffic directorate of the Expressway.

Creating arenas for the parking of vehicles with a heavy load, the current parking areas are narrow causing damage to the highway,

All small villages should be linked to the expressway by creating special access road connecting the village.

Planting some trees surrounding the Expressway area, in cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture.

For any job opportunity, the priority should be given to the locals surrounding the Expressway as many of them are jobless.

Creating alternative road for fuel transportation as these vehicles damage the road and cause many accidents. Approximately 750-1000 fuel vehicle pass to Jordanian and Syrian borders daily.

There are 4 maintenance centres along the western part of the road. The Maintenance of the Expressway is not sufficient and they do not have sufficient equipment to follow-up required maintenance work for the expressway. It is required to provide the Expressway traffic by sufficient equipment.

A special institution should be assigned to guard the furniture of the Expressway after rehabilitation.

There should be traffic centres with Ambulance at adequate distances, this way many of the accidents will be avoided.

Police centres along the road cause many accidents and should be moved to each side of the road

Weighing bridges should be created along the road and especially at the borders.

The current stations and restaurants along the road provide the lightening of the road and act as security points.

a. Southern Part: Public Consultation held in Babel Governorate

Public consultation session was held on Wednesday 26th September, 2012, at the Governorate building for art and cultural issues. A list of Invitees was prepared by CC that included all stakeholders from the southern governorates through which the Expressway passes. This list was



sent to the PMT in MoCH where they prepared and distributed the invitation letter to all stakeholders. This list and letter on invitation are included in Annex 7 of RAP Report.

The workshop allowed open discussion for attendees in order to collect public feedback on both, the impacts and mitigation measures.

2.1 Workshop Participants

The workshop received 62 representatives from different sectors including; government, NGOs, private sectors, community representatives, as well as owners of the entities along the southern part of the Expressway no. 1. Annex 8 presents the full list of attendees.

2.2 Workshop Components and Presentations Outline

The workshop was convened at 10:30 am and it was wrapped up by around 01:00 in the afternoon.

The workshop commenced with a welcoming note by Eng. Bassam Al Asdi, by the presence of Mr. sadeq Rasoul the deputy of Babel Mayor. Introductions to the Expressway and nature of the works which will be conducted during the project have been presented by Eng. Asdi. Dr. Sawsan; the team leader of the project has presented an introduction to the company, as well as the team members of the study, following, Engineer Ghassan presented the findings of the ESIA study as well as the suggested resettlement and compensation plan. Full presentation can be found in Annex 6 of RAP Report.

After the presentation, participants were given enough time for questions and clarifications in which various points of view regarding impacts, mitigations, compensation and resettlement were discussed openly.

A special discussion session has been conducted after that with the representative of affected people who owns or rent entities along the road. Figure 43 below presents sample pictures during the session.

Opening of the Workshop Presentation of the study findings



Open Discussion Open discussionFigure 43: Sample pictures during Consultation session at Babel

2.3 Summery of Session Findings


Expressway land adjacent to the road is owned by the Government; restaurant and stations can be built and rent to the affected people.

Recommendation: to rent the official restaurants to the owner of the unlicensed restaurants

Previously many violations have been occurred due to the bad security issues along the expressway. The rehabilitation works are expected to minimize the violations by raising the security of the expressway.

Coordination with all related institutions should be more effective.

Study the best locations for police centre along the road

Activation of laws and regulation is recommended to prevent people from any violation; such as cutting fences and guardrails.

An International company is recommended for the design and supervision of the road

Provide safe access for people who need to cross from one side to another; such as school students, farmers,

Account for Animals' access from one side to another

A very important to reduce dust and noise and environmental pollution especially in densely populated areas, is to plant some trees along the Expressway.

Abu Al Deba' village has no access to the expressway if the fence is going to be installed. Respectively, 40 families are expected to lose their access

Most of the PAPs requested to be compensated by having similar official entities and not to be given money.



Annex 3Full Inventory



Southern Expressway No.1 Baghdad to Basra Name of Entity Zad al Arab RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o40.22/E44 o 31.11Name of Owner Wesam NaThem AteeyhGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 25Education of Tenant(s) Read and WritePhotographs 61Natural of Business, e.g. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Building a metal roof. Only 30 meters from the back corridor

Area of Building 350 m2

Area of Lands 400 m2

Year OpenedLicensing Statues from SCRB (Licensed)Not xOperating statues (Open) xClosed



Name of Entity An abandoned restaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o40.20/E44 o31.107Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identify and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s)Education of Tenant(s)Photographs 62Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Building metal roof Only 30 meters from the back corridor



Year OpenedLicensing Statues SCRB (Licensed)Not xOperating statues (Open)Closed x



Name of Entity Alkafeheen RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 40.18/E44 o 31.105Name of Owner Sadeq Ali MohsenGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 35Education of Tenant(s) PrimaryPhotographs 63Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc




Year Opened 2000Licensing Statues SCRB (Licensed)Not xOperating statues (Open) xClosed



Name of Entity Ahbab Al Husain RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 40.13/E44 o 31.102Name of Owner Hadeth LatefGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 30Education of Tenant(s) Read and WritePhotographs 64Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Resturant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Al Sejjad RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 40.07/E44 o 31.1Name of Owner Qasem ThiabGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 25Education of Tenant(s) Read and WritePhotographs 65Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Resturant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Closed Restaurant (Abandon Restaurant)Entity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 40.02/E44 o 31.1Name of Owner No Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identify and locate owner/s were

unsuccessfulGender of OwnerName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s)Education of Tenant(s)Photographs 66Natural of Business, e.g. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Empty RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 39.98 /E44 o31.085Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identify and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of OwnerName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s)Education of Tenant(s)Photographs 67Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Rancher car repair shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 39.98 /E44 o 31.05Name of Owner Ali Alkam SaheeGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 21Education of Tenant(s) Read & WritePhotographs 68Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Resturant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Building bricks, wood roof20 meters away on the right

Area of Building 50m2

Area of Lands 80 m2




Name of Entity ShedEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 39.31 /E44 o 31.06Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identify and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of OwnerName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s)Education of Tenant(s)Photographs 69Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

A metal building 10 meters away on the right


Area of Lands 50 m2




Name of Entity Generating SadrainEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 39.24 / E44 o 31.069Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identify and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of OwnerName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s)Education of Tenant(s)Photographs 70Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Resturant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

A metal building 10 meters away on the right




Name of Entity Check Point



Entity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 38.9 / E44 o 31.13Name of Owner Ministry of the Interior

Gender of OwnerName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s)Education of Tenant(s)PhotographsNatural of Business, e.g. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etcArea of BuildingArea of LandsYear OpenedLicensing Statues SCRB (Licensed) xNotOperating statues (Open) xClosed



Name of Entity sarefh

Entity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 36.1 / E44 o 33.02.Name of Owner Ministry of the Interior

Gender of OwnerName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s)Education of Tenant(s)Photographs 71Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etcArea of Building 30 m2

Area of Lands 30 m2




Name of Entity Princes Restaurant and GrillEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 33.5 / E44 o 34.05Name of Entity Princes Restaurant and Grill

Entity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 33.5 / E44 o 34.05Name of Owner Amer Al AmmarGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 30Education of Tenant(s) Read & WritePhotographs 72Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Block building roofJust 30 meters from the right






Name of Entity Shop food /Hilla areaEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 32.105 / E44 o 35.7Name of Owner Husam Samer al AmmaryGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 18Education of Tenant(s) Does not read or writePhotographs 73Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Block building roofJust 7 meters from the right


Area of Lands 8 m2




Name of Entity Check PointEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 31.8 / E44 o 36.1Name of Owner Ministry of the InteriorGender of OwnerName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s)Education of Tenant(s)PhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etcArea of BuildingArea of LandsYear OpenedLicensing Statues SCRB (Licensed)Not xOperating statues (Open) xClosed



Name of Entity Small Tent (4)Entity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 31.74 / E44 o 36.14Name of Owner (Hasan +Wahhab+ Mohammad +Ahmad ) Hdood Al-KraitiGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 25+18+27+30Education of Tenant(s) Read & WritePhotographs 74Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Block building roof5 meters away from the right

Area of Building 20m2Area of Lands 20m2Year Opened 2012Licensing Statues SCRB (Licensed)Not xOperating statues (Open) xClosed



Name of Entity SupermarketEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 31.66 / E44 o 36.23Name of Owner Mustafa HusainGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 23Education of Tenant(s) PrimaryPhotographs 75Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Block building roof15 meters away from the rood


Area of Lands 30m2




Name of Entity ShopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 31.63 / E44 o 36.3Name of Owner Hakem Ali RedaGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 21Education of Tenant(s) PrimaryPhotographs 76Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 50m2




Name of Entity Foodstuffs & Rancher car repair shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 31.6 / E44 o 36.3Name of Owner Ali al Khalde & Emad Al KhaldeGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 25 + 16Education of Tenant(s) PrimaryPhotographs 77Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 150m2




Name of Entity Two FoodstuffsEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 29.02 / E44 o 39.142Name of Owner Hamed NaderGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 25Education of Tenant(s) Read & WritePhotographs 79+78Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

To the right of way a distance of 10 metersOn the corridor back a distance of 10 meters


Area of Lands 50m2




Name of Entity Police Directorate External RoadEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 27.8 / E44 o 41.76Name of Owner Ministry of the Interior

Gender of OwnerName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s)Education of Tenant(s)PhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Building Blocks away from the street 10 meters


Area of Lands 1000m2

Year OpenedLicensing Statues SCRB (Licensed) xNotOperating statues (Open) xClosed



Name of Entity Barakat Al Hamzh western tourist RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 2365 / E44 o 46.892Name of Owner Sawade HusainGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 61Education of Tenant(s) Read & WritePhotographs 80Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Building Blocks /away from the street 7 meters


Area of Lands 150m2




Name of Entity Amber Tourism RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 23.203 / E44 o 47.298Name of Owner Rasool Kraia’Gender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 65Education of Tenant(s) Read & WritePhotographs 81Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Building block regularAway from the leg by 50 meters






Name of Entity Reda Al Sultane RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 22.183 / E44 o 48.872Name of Owner Reda Al SultaneGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 50Education of Tenant(s) Read & WritePhotographs 82Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Thatched building an ironAway from the return corridor 30 meters


Area of Lands 400m2




Name of Entity Al Safeer RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 21.61 / E44 o 49.872Name of Owner Abbas MohammadGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 23Education of Tenant(s) Read & WritePhotographs 83Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Thatched building an ironAway from the return corridor 15 meters


Area of Lands 700m2




Name of Entity Barakat Um Al Banen RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 21.114 / E44 o 49.7Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of OwnerName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s)Education of Tenant(s)Photographs 84Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Building BlockAway from the return corridor 10 meters


Area of Lands 500m2




Name of Entity Gas stationEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 18.6 / E44 o 51.33Name of Owner Ministry of OilGender of OwnerName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s)Education of Tenant(s)Photographs 85Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Gas StationAway from the return corridor 20 meters



Year OpenedLicensing Statues SCRB (Licensed) xNotOperating statues (Open)Closed x



Name of Entity Check PointEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 12.4 / E44 o 56.63Name of Owner Ministry of the InteriorGender of OwnerName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s)Education of Tenant(s)PhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Under the bridge

Area of BuildingArea of LandsYear OpenedLicensing Statues SCRB (Licensed) xNotOperating statues (Open) xClosed



Name of Entity Food shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 08.77 / E44 o 58.97Name of Owner Safa Al QasemGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 33Education of Tenant(s) Technical institutePhotographs 86Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Roofer building block7 meters away


Area of Lands 50m2




Name of Entity CafeteriaEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32 o 01.44 / E45 o 02.168Name of Owner Ahmad Ali ShehadGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 29Education of Tenant(s) MediumPhotographs 87Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Building a metal roofAbout 10 meters on the right


Area of Lands 250m2




Name of Entity Scrap shop and hand toolsEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 31 o 04.99 / E46 o 01.06Name of Owner Bader Mayyal BarghashGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 21Education of Tenant(s) Does not write and readPhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Block building roofer wood /At a distance of 7 meters from the right


Area of Lands 50m2




Name of Entity Food shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 31 o 04.98 / E46 o 01.06Name of Owner Shadad helal DarmookGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 31Education of Tenant(s) Does not write and readPhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Building Block 7 meters away from the road


Area of Lands 50m2




Name of Entity Food shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 31 o 04.98 / E46 o 01.06Name of Owner Shaher Raddad DarmookGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 16Education of Tenant(s) write and readPhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 50m2




Name of Entity Food shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 31 o 04.979 / E46 o 01.061Name of Owner Audih SalehGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 34Education of Tenant(s) Does not write and readPhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Building stone 7 meters away from the road


Area of Lands 50m2




Name of Entity Food shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 31 o 04.98/ E46 o 01.06Name of Owner Rashed HayyadGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 21Education of Tenant(s) write and readPhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 50m2




Name of Entity Food shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 31 o 04.98/ E46 o 01.06Name of Owner Mershed HayyadGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 21Education of Tenant(s) write and readPhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 50m2




Name of Entity Food shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 31 o 04.95/ E46 o 01.07Name of Owner Sami AuadGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 28Education of Tenant(s) Does not write or readPhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 80m2




Name of Entity Food shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 31 o 04.95/ E46 o 01.07Name of Owner Ali AwadGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 24Education of Tenant(s) Does not write or readPhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 80m2




Name of Entity Coffe shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 31 o 04.925/ E46 o 01.088Name of Owner Maher Qasem BahharGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 19Education of Tenant(s) write and readPhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 50m2




Name of Entity Food shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 31 o 04.91/ E46 o 01.097Name of Owner Mohammad NeamhGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 23Education of Tenant(s) Does not write or readPhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 40m2




Name of Entity Food shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 31 o 04.91/ E46 o 01.096Name of Owner Mohsen HayyadGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 24Education of Tenant(s) Does not write or readPhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 40m2


.



Name of Entity Food shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 31 o 04.881/ E46 o 01.11Name of Owner Mohammad Ajeel BarghashGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 29Education of Tenant(s) Does not write or readPhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 50m2




Name of Entity Oil shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 31 o 05.016/ E46 o 01.074Name of Owner Khaled Husain MohammadGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 24Education of Tenant(s) write and readPhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 40m2




Name of Entity Oil StoreEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 31 o 05.016/ E46 o 01.074Name of Owner Naghmeesh HabbarGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 20Education of Tenant(s) Does not write or readPhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 40m2




Name of Entity Oil ShopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 31 o 05.016/ E46 o 01.074Name of Owner Gaze ShaherGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 24Education of Tenant(s) Does not write or readPhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 40m2




Name of Entity Closed HusayneyyhEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30 o 44.800/ E 46 o 21.01Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of OwnerName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s)Education of Tenant(s)PhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Al Tayebbat RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30 o 41.32/ E 46 o 25.6Name of Owner Adel AyedGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 44Education of Tenant(s) Read & WritePhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

iron Building 30 meters away from the road


Area of Lands 450m2




Name of Entity Three small tentsEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30 o 37.45/ E 46 o 43.5Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of OwnerName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s)Education of Tenant(s)PhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Building block on the road


Area of Lands 8m2




Name of Entity Food shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30 o 37.62/ E 46 o 472Name of Owner Hasan AbbasGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s) 50Education of Tenant(s) Read & WritePhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Building block on the road


Area of Lands 100m2




Name of Entity Two small tentsEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30 o 37.58/ E 46 o 56.5Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of OwnerName of Tenant (s)Gender of Tenant (s)Age of Tenant(s)Education of Tenant(s)PhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

On Side of the street


Area of Lands 8m2

Year Opened 1995Licensing Statues SCRB (Licensed)Not xOperating statues (Open)Closed x



Name of Entity Three small tentsEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30o 37.5/ E 46 o 58.9/

Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs -Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Small tents located along the road


Area of Lands 8 m2




Name of Entity Husseiniya modeef aba Al faded Al abasEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30o 37.73/ E 46 o 59.85/


Block building located 15 meters from the road home



Year Opened -Licensing Statues SCRB (Licensed) -Not xOperating statues (Open)Closed x



Name of Entity Repair shop for flat tiresEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30o 36.84/ E 47 o 04.4/


Block the ched building just 15 meters from the return passage


Area of Lands 80 m2

Year Opened -Licensing Statues SCRB (Licensed)Not xOperating statues (Open)Closed x



Name of Entity Closed shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30o 36.65/ E 47 o 5/


Shop is located along the road


Area of Lands 30 m2




Name of Entity Gas station- RumailahEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30o 30.876/ E 47 o 13.64/

Name of Owner Ministry of OilGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs -Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Located just 25 meters of the road



Year Opened -Licensing Statues SCRB (Licensed) xNotOperating statues (Open)Closed x



Name of Entity Police station on RumailahEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30o 30.763/ E 47 o 13.8/

Name of Owner Ministry of the InteriorGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs -Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

The center is located just 15 meters from the road



Year Opened -Licensing Statues SCRB (Licensed) xNotOperating statues (Open)Closed x



Name of Entity Sidra Check PoinEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30o 28.16/ E 47 o 26.146/

Name of Owner Ministry of the InteriorGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs -Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Located on the road

Area of Building -Area of Lands -Year OpenedLicensing Statues SCRB (Licensed) xNotOperating statues (Open) xClosed



Name of Entity Filtering PlantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30o 20.492/ E 47 o 34.05/


Located 20 meters from the passage home






Name of Entity Filtering PlantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30o 20.512/ E 47 o 38.9/


Located 20 meters from the passage home






Name of Entity Filtering Plant RD

Entity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30o 14.77/ E 47 o 37.35/


Locate just 15 meters from the passage home






Name of Entity Filter Plant RD

Entity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30o 12.461/ E 47 o 40.56/


Locate just 15 meters from the passage home






Name of Entity Abandon ShopsEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 30o 07.23/ E 47 o 44.15/


Locate just 25 meters from the road


Area of Lands 70 m2




Name of Entity Al Saha Al kdra'a RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33,06.73 / E 44,24.57Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 1Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Restaurant 15 m from the right road edge



Year Opened -Licensing Statues SCRB (Licensed) -Not xOperating statues (Open) -Closed x



Name of Entity Al Shraify RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33,06.58 / E 44,24.85Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 2Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Restaurant 15 m from the right road edge steel structure with glass forntage






Name of Entity Olwat Hobob Al ShraifyEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33,06.54 / E 44,24.91Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 3Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Roof 20 m from the right road edge


Area of Lands 72 m2




Name of Entity Babil Gate CheckpointEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,53.53 / E 44,27.7Name of Owner Ministry of InteriorGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 4-5Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Checkpoint Under Bridge

Area of Building -Area of Lands -Year Opened 2010Licensing Statues SCRB (Licensed) xNot -Operating statues (Open) xClosed

-



Name of Entity Al LatifiyahEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,53.33 / E 44,27.7Name of Owner -Gender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) Mahdi FarisGender of Tenant (s) MaleAge of Tenant(s) 32Education of Tenant(s) LiteratePhotographs 6-7Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Concrete Structure


Area of Lands 72 m2




Name of Entity Khalid Abbas MarketEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,53.3 / E 44,27.7Name of Owner Khalid AbbasGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 8Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

20 m away from the road



Year Opened 2003Licensing Statues SCRB (Licensed) xNotOperating statues (Open) xClosed



Name of Entity Algmaheer RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,53.3 / E 44,27.7Name of Owner Saoud MohammedGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) LiteratePhotographs 9Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Restaurant 25 m away from the road






Name of Entity Food StoreEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,53.3 / E 44,27.7Name of Owner Fadel Masoud MohammedGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) LiteratePhotographs 10Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Brick building with steelsheat roof


Area of Lands 75 m2




Name of Entity Oil shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,52.1 / E 44,27.9Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 11Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

3 m from the left road edge


Area of Lands 4 m2




Name of Entity Generators Fix ShopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,51.9 / E 44,28.1Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 14Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Small shop 30 m form right edge of the road


Area of Lands 5 m2




Name of Entity Six Closed StorsEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,51.81 / E 44,28.1Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 13Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Brick building with steelsheat roof 3 m from the right edge of the road


Area of Lands 72 m2




Name of Entity Fule StoreEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,51.7 / E 44,28.15Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 13Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Brick building with palm leaves and branches roof 15 m from the left edge of the road


Area of Lands 30 m2




Name of Entity Al Njmah Fule StationEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,51.6 / E 44,28.2Name of Owner Maen Kadeem (Ministry of Oil)Gender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 14Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

-






Name of Entity Al Somod Police OfficeEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,51.5/ E 44,28.2Name of Owner Ministy of InteriorGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 15-16Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

-






Name of Entity Al Sarea' Tourist RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,51.43/ E 44,28.3Name of Owner Mohammed Ali MohammedGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 55Education of Tenant(s) LiteratePhotographs 17Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Aluminum frontage with steelsheat roof 10 m form the right edgw of the road






Name of Entity Food StoreEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,51.4/ E 44,28.3Name of Owner Yaser Ali MohammedGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 16Education of Tenant(s) Secondary SchoolPhotographs 19Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Brick Building 10 m away from the road


Area of Lands 4 m2




Name of Entity Car Maintinance ShopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,51.4/ E 44,28.3Name of Owner Hasan SabriGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) Secondary SchoolPhotographs 20Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Brick Building With Steelsheat roof 10 m from right edge of the road


Area of Lands 60 m2




Name of Entity Al Mazraa RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,51.4/ E 44,28.3Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 21Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Brick building with aluminum frontage and steelsheat roof 10 m form the right edge of the road






Name of Entity Closed StoreEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,51.31/ E 44,28.3Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 22Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Brick building with wood roof on the edge of the road


Area of Lands 6 m2




Name of Entity Car Maintenance Shop "Several Stors"Entity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,50.4/ E 44,28.8Name of Owner Ali Emad MaterGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 23Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 40 m2




Name of Entity Closed ShopsEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,49.6/ E 44,28.6Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 24Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Newly Constructed Brick building with wood roof 25 m from edge of the road


Area of Lands 80 m2




Name of Entity Closed ShopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,49.93/ E 44,28.5Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 25Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Newly Constructed Brick building with steelsheat roof 5 m from edge of the road


Area of Lands 10 m2




Name of Entity Food Store and Car Maintiance ShopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,47.6/ E 44,28.14Name of Owner Hasan Abeed SaedGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 26Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 30 m2

Year Opened -Licensing Statues SCRB (Licensed)Not xOperating statues (Open) xClosed



Name of Entity Food Store and Car Maintenance ShopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,46.5/ E 44,28.24Name of Owner Wesam Abeed NazemGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 29Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 60 m2




Name of Entity Food Store and Oil ChangeEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,46.2/ E 44,28.6Name of Owner Karem EisaGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 30Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Brick building with steelsheat roof 6 m from edge of the road


Area of Lands 30 m2




Name of Entity Food StoreEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,46.2/ E 44,28.3Name of Owner Sadam Hadi Abas / Hussian Hdaer AbasGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 23Education of Tenant(s) LiteratePhotographs 31Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Oil ShopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,46.1/ E 44,28.35Name of Owner Sa'adon IbrahimGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) Raja'a NaiefGender of Tenant (s) MaleAge of Tenant(s) 45Education of Tenant(s) LiteratePhotographs 34 - 33Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Food StoreEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,46.74/ E 44,28.4Name of Owner Hussian Mohammed AliGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 31Education of Tenant(s) illiteratePhotographs 35Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 80 m2




Name of Entity Food StoreEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,45.71 / E 44,28.42Name of Owner Kareem Humzah AbodGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 47Education of Tenant(s)Photographs 36Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 6 m2




Name of Entity Closed ShopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,45.707 / E 44,28.42Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of OwnerName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s)Photographs 37Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 20 m2




Name of Entity Steel ShopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40.8 / E 44,31.41Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s)Photographs 38Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Al sadaraan rest houseEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40.7 / E 44,31.1Name of Owner Mansor Al ghazawiGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) Khaled Abd Ali OmranGender of Tenant (s) MaleAge of Tenant(s) 33Education of Tenant(s) LiteratePhotographs 39Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Brick building with steelsheat roof – Park area






Name of Entity Closed ShopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40.6 / E 44,31.1Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 40Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Iron Shop – from the end road edge Park area






Name of Entity Ahbab Al housain RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40.5 / E 44,31.1Name of Owner Musa Jaafar TayihGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 27Education of Tenant(s) LiteratePhotographs 41Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Oil shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) -Name of Owner Bara’a Wathiq Al maamoriGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 21Education of Tenant(s) illiteratePhotographs 42Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 6 m2




Name of Entity Al mothana RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40.5 / E 44,31.1Name of Owner Naji Al maamoriGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 35Education of Tenant(s) illiteratePhotographs 43Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 90 m2




Name of Entity Al amasi RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40.43 / E 44,31.1Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 44Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc



Area of Lands 90 m2




Name of Entity Al Jobori RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40.4 / E 44,31.1Name of Owner Housin fadied Ali Al joboriGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 21Education of Tenant(s) illiteratePhotographs 45 + 46Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Closed ShopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40.4 / E 44,31.1Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 47Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Brick building with end the road






Name of Entity Al Qeema RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40.33 / E 44,31.1Name of Owner Nabeel Abdilezah Al ajrakhiGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 35Education of Tenant(s) LiteratePhotographs 48Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Al- Khadra’a RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40.31 / E 44,31.1Name of Owner Moa’amar Nea’ama SabirGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 35Education of Tenant(s) LiteratePhotographs 49Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Al- Mawa’ad RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40.3 / E 44,31.1Name of Owner Deya’a Dahir Bin IjaalGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 45Education of Tenant(s) Read and writePhotographs 50Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Al- Sendebad RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40.24 / E 44,31.6Name of Owner Rafil Mmhamad SadiqGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 33Education of Tenant(s) LiteratePhotographs 51Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Al- Naba’a RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40.21 / E 44,31.4Name of Owner Sa’ad Star KathemGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 30Education of Tenant(s) LiteratePhotographs 53Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Shed abandonedEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40. 1 / E 44,31.1Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 54Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Restaurant 30 m from the end road edge






Name of Entity Oil shopEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40. 4 / E 44,31.12Name of Owner Hosaam Hamzah AbidGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 25Education of Tenant(s) Read and writePhotographs 55Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Roof the road edge


Area of Lands 8 m2




Name of Entity shop abandonedEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40. 4 / E 44,31.11Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 56Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Restaurant from the road edge






Name of Entity Aldewaniyah RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40. 4 / E 44,31.11Name of Owner Hadi Jasim AbdallaGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 37Education of Tenant(s) illiteratePhotographs 57Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Al Samawah RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40. 3 / E 44,31.12Name of Owner Hamd Moa’athGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 50Education of Tenant(s) Read and writePhotographs 58Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Al Nakheel RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40. 3 / E 44,31.15Name of Owner Ammar KamilGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 50Education of Tenant(s) LiteratePhotographs 59Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Al Zahra’a RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 32,40. 24 / E 44,31.09Name of Owner Amiar Ali Al shamkhiGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 70Education of Tenant(s) illiteratePhotographs 60Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Western Expressway No.1 – Treibel to BaghdadName of Entity Food StoreEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 17.38/E43 59.50Name of Owner ~ِAbu GhrabGender of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -

Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 1Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Food


Area of Lands 20 m2




Name of Entity Food StoreEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 17.31/E 43 58.85Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 2Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Food


Area of Lands 20 m2




Name of Entity Food StoreEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 17.13/E 43 58.85Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 3Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Food


Area of Lands 20 m2




Name of Entity Food StoreEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 17.10 / E43 54.87Name of Owner Ahmad GharrakGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 18Education of Tenant(s) LitratePhotographs 4Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Soft Drinks


Area of Lands 4 m2




Name of Entity Medina Al Monawarh Station

Entity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 27.42/E43 17.43

Name of Owner Abdulsattar JuberGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 50Education of Tenant(s) LitratePhotographs 5-6Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Fuel Oil + Car Parking






Name of Entity Caravans, scrap and containers

Entity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 27.40/E43 16.684Name of Owner Thaer Al AlwaneGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 40Education of Tenant(s) IlliteratePhotographs 7Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Scrap Shops






Name of Entity Al - Baraka Market

Entity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 17.292/E42 34.153Name of Owner General Directorate of Roads and Bridges

Gender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) Khaled HusayyneGender of Tenant (s) MaleAge of Tenant(s) 50Education of Tenant(s) Secondary SchoolPhotographs 10Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Food and Household






Name of Entity Gas Station

Entity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 17.296/E42 34.009Name of Owner General Directorate for Roads and Bridges

Gender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) Ministry of Oil

Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 11+12Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Fuel Oil






Name of Entity Tolaha Gas StationEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 10.176/E41 40.297Name of Owner General Directorate for Roads and BridgesGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) Ministry of OilGender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 13+14+15+16Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Fuel Oil






Name of Entity Al Ghota Al moshayyadh StationEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 02.193/E40 54.516Name of Owner General Directorate for Roads and BridgesGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) Eissa Abdulhafeth AteyoneGender of Tenant (s) MaleAge of Tenant(s) 41Education of Tenant(s) TetcherPhotographs 17+18+19+20+21Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Sale of Fuel Oil+ Food Market

Area of Building 1500 m2Area of Lands 6000 m2Year Opened 2004Licensing Statues SCRB (Licensed) xNotOperating statues (Open) xClosed

Name of Entity Al Rutba Cross Restaurant



Entity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 03.872/E40 18.587Name of Owner General Directorate for Roads and BridgesGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) Ministry of OilGender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 23Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Fuel Oil + Stores + Restaurant






Name of Entity Al Rotbh Cross RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 03.873/E40 18.587Name of Owner General Directorate for Roads and BridgesGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) Ministry of OilGender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s)Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 22+24Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Fuel Oil+ Stores+ Restaurant






Name of Entity Station of West Al Rotbh (Al Abed)Entity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 o02.50/E40 o 06.22Name of Owner General Directorate for Roads and BridgesGender of OwnerName of Tenant (s) Salah Al deen Mahmood LatefGender of Tenant (s) MaleAge of Tenant(s) 60Education of Tenant(s) LittratePhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Trebeel Restaurant+ Gas StationEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 o10.12/E39 o 19.26Name of Owner General Directorate for Roads and BridgesGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) Ali HantooshGender of Tenant (s) MaleAge of Tenant(s) 50Education of Tenant(s) IllitratePhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity Al Waleed Restaurant+ Gas StationEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 o13.12/E39 o 13.14Name of Owner General Directorate for Roads and BridgesGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) Abed Al Jabbar FtekhanGender of Tenant (s) MaleAge of Tenant(s) 40Education of Tenant(s) LitratePhotographs -Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc







Name of Entity StoreEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 o03.12/E40 o 42.15Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs -Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

General Materials


Area of Lands 50m2




Name of Entity Al Hoot StationEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 o03.20/E40 o 24.26Name of Owner Ghaleb SulaymanGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 30Education of Tenant(s) LitratePhotographs -Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Fuel Oil + Tanks


Area of Lands 80m2




Name of Entity Tanks & StoresEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 o05.00/E39 o 29.05Name of Owner Basel KhayriGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 28Education of Tenant(s) IlltratePhotographs -Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Fuel Oil, food and household


Area of Lands -Year Opened 2005Licensing Statues SCRB (Licensed)Not xOperating statues (Open) xClosed



Name of Entity Parking & Oil TankEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 o10.22/E39 o 18.50Name of Owner Abed al Rahman HatiGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 35Education of Tenant(s) LitratePhotographs -Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Parking + Fuel oil



Year Opened 2004Licensing Statues (LicensedNot xOperating statues (Open) xClosed



Name of Entity Station and Restaurant of West Al Rotbh (Al Madenh Al munawarh)Entity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 o03.05/E40 o 03.50Name of Owner General Directorate for Roads and BridgesGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) Ministry of Oil

Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -PhotographsNatural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Fuel Oil public + private shops



Year Opened 1993Licensing Statues SCRB (Licensed) xNotOperating statues (Open) Open stationClosed Closed shops



Name of Entity East Rutba Restaurant StationEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 02.505 E 40 52.119Name of Owner General Diroctorate of Roads and BridgesGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) Ministry of OilGender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 25-26-27-28Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Oil, Storss, and Restaurant






Name of Entity Fule TanksEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 06.16 E 39 26.57Name of Owner Rashad A'ayadGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs -Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Fuel station






Name of Entity Fule TanksEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 11.05 E 39 17.06Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs -Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Fuel station






Name of Entity Ghrnath RestaurantEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 23.463 E 43 06.554Name of Owner Unknown (Entity Closed. Attempts to identfy and locate owner/s were unsuccessfulGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 29Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Restaurant 50 m from the road edge






Name of Entity Arab Gulf StationEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 29.875 E 43 24.955Name of Owner General Diroctorate of Roads and BridgesGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) Ministry of OilGender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 30Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Fule Station



Year Opened -Licensing Statues SCRB (Licensed) xNotOperating statues (Open) xClosed



Name of Entity ComplexEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 23.565 E 43 47.21Name of Owner General Diroctorate of Roads and BridgesGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 31+32Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

-






Name of Entity Al Nada Fule StationEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 20.141E 43 44.492Name of Owner General Diroctorate of Roads and BridgesGender of Owner -Name of Tenant (s) Ministry of OilGender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) -Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 33Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Fule Station



Year Opened -Licensing Statues SCRB (Licensed) xNotOperating statues (Open) xClosed



Name of Entity BoothEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 17.083 E 43 54.861Name of Owner Hazem Hussin NaifGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 28Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 34Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Food


Area of Lands 4 m2




Name of Entity BoothEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 17.083 E 43 54.84Name of Owner Saif Rahman SaoudGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 23Education of Tenant(s) -Photographs 35Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Food


Area of Lands 4 m2




Name of Entity BoothEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 17.083 E 43 53.861Name of Owner Khamis EnadGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 30Education of Tenant(s) LiteratePhotographs 37Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Food


Area of Lands 4 m2




Name of Entity BoothEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 17.083 E 43 53.861Name of Owner Nisan Hussain NaifGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 22Education of Tenant(s) LiteratePhotographs 38Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Food


Area of Lands 4 m2




Name of Entity BoothEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 17.083 E 43 53.861Name of Owner Sbah Hussian NaifGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 22Education of Tenant(s) iliteratePhotographs 39Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Food and Soft Drinks


Area of Lands 4 m2




Name of Entity BoothEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 17.083 E 43 53.861Name of Owner Rabeh Hussian NaifGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 21Education of Tenant(s) iliteratePhotographs 40Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Food and Drinks


Area of Lands 4 m2




Name of Entity BoothEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 17.083 E 43 53.861Name of Owner Muneer BarakGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 21Education of Tenant(s) iliteratePhotographs 41Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Food


Area of Lands 4 m2




Name of Entity BoothEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 17.083 E 43 53.861Name of Owner Omar BarakGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 18Education of Tenant(s) iliteratePhotographs -Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Food


Area of Lands 4 m2




Name of Entity BoothEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 17.083 E 43 53.861Name of Owner Hamed A'rakGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 22Education of Tenant(s) iliteratePhotographs -Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Food


Area of Lands 4 m2




Name of Entity BoothEntity Location (GPS Coordinates) N 33 17.083 E 43 53.861Name of Owner Alaa A'rak EfanGender of Owner MaleName of Tenant (s) -Gender of Tenant (s) -Age of Tenant(s) 30Education of Tenant(s) iliteratePhotographs -Natural of Business, ag. Supermarket, Restaurant, Service Station, public facilities…etc

Food


Area of Lands 4 m2




ANNEX 4 – PROPOSED LAY-BYS FOR PAPS ALONG EXPRESSWAY NO.1



Entities along Contracts 12 & 13

Entities and suggested location of service areas along Contract 11



Entities along contract 9

Entities along and service areas along contract 4



Entities and Suggested service areas along contract 5



Entities and suggested service areas along contract 7

Entities and service areas along contract 8

Typical layout of new services areas


Exit from Paved Area

Proposed Paved Area

Entrance to Paved Area


Entities and service areas along Contract 6



Final Revised ESIA Report 282 Consolidated ConsultantsTel: + 962 6 4612377 Fax.: + 962 6 461238073 Al-Mutanabi St.4th Circle,P.O. Box 830746Amman11183, Jordane-mail: [email protected], www.ccjo.com

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