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March 2009 VOL. C No. 3

<< Previous PageSelf Esteem - Its Role in Nursing Education & Practice

Saramma Samuel

If you touch me soft and gentle, If you look at me and smile, If you listen to me talk sometimes before you talk, I willgrow, really grow.

Self-esteem is the individual’s evaluativeappraisal of self. In the broadest sense itis more or less synonymous with suchconcepts as self worth, self-respect andpersonal acceptance. Abraham Maslowdistinguishes two types of esteem needs.

Es teem derived from others and selfesteem. Esteem from others is primary,apparently it is difficult for us to think wellof ourselves unless we are assured thatothers think well of us. Externally-derivedesteem can be based on reputation,admiration, status, fame, prestige orsocial success - all characteristic of howothers think of us and react to us.

When we feel a sense of internal or self-esteem we are confident and secure inourselves, we feel worthy and adequate.Whenever we lack self-esteem we feelinferior, discouraged and helpless indealing with life.

t y pe of recognition have been seen to beretarded and may even die. Recognition ofexistence of another person is termed aspsychological stroking. Positive strokes aregood to receive; they create a sense of wellbeing in the giver as well as the receiver.

Th i s is the early phase when self-esteembegins to take birth. Negative strokes have theopposite effect, creating a negative feeling inthe receiver but not necessarily in the giver.Since strokes are so essential to our wellbeing we will accept negative strokes ratherthan have none at all.

Self Esteem and Learning Several thousandyears ago a social critic chronicled the sadplight of our society and in particular the failureof its educational system. He said, ourstudents have grown lazy and are disrespectfulof authority, they criticise others excessivelyand are equally ill disposed towards their ownefforts.

it in such a way that studentsbecome the Masters – not theprisoners of their knowledge anddevelop the confidence to transformit for the right purposes. Henceteachers must foster confidence intheir students.

Sel f-es teem is not somethingseparate from performance butrather integral to it. It is throughachievement that academic self-confidence grows; increasedconfidence in turn promotesachievement by inspiring furtherlearning.

Educational institutions offer thefirst major opportunity outside thehome for a child to test his abilitiesand to gain admiration and respect.Success reinforces the pursuit ofexcellence and leads to an

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Development of Self Esteem Strokesare the currency of recognition. In orderfor infants to survive and grow physicallyand mentally they need to be touched,fondled and shown recognition. Thisphysical handling stimulates the releaseof growth hormones from the adrenalcortex of the brain. Infants who do notreceive this

T h e author is Vice Principal, R.V.S.College of Nursing, Coimbatore.

Hence not surprisingly - Institutions are littlemore than jails. Education must be founded onsystematic interaction in how to think morethan what to think. Educational institutionsmust foster a will to learn and relearn; in effectthey must develop a capacity for life long self-renewal.

Students must be encouraged to believe inthem and in the validity of their own thoughtprocess. The challenge therefore is clear. Notonly must schools accelerate the acquisitionof knowledge, but also they must do

increasing sense of competency.

A success-oriented studentsteadily gains confidence in hisabilities, whereas the student whoencounters failure is most likely toblame it on insufficient efforts or onothers. Children who arecategorised as falling into the highself-esteem group have the followingcharacteristics:

Th e y tend to be active, to besuccessful socially andacademically and have high levelsof aspirations for leadership. Theyare creative and able to expressopinions with little anxiety, andshow interest in public affairs. Theteachers’ willingness to truststudents will in turn motivate themto perform better.

Self Esteem - Its Implications inNursing Practice The expanded andextended role of a nurse enables her tofunction better in the hospital,community, educational institutions,industries, old age homes, hospices,orphanages to name a few.

The community health nurse plays avital role in improving the self-esteemneeds of the community. She impartsknowledge, helps in changing healthbehaviours that are detrimental to healthand empowers the community membersto own responsibility for their own health.

great sensitivity and thus improves self-esteemof the adolescent. In the hospital the newenvironment brings in the fear of the unknownin terms of loss of self-identity, which candegrade one’s self-esteem.

A professional nurse can inculcate a feelingof belongingness and worth thus building self-esteem in her clients. In the maternity ward theconfident behaviour of the

obstetric nurse can aid a new mother handleand experience her bundle of joy with pride,develop confidence in new activities such asbreast-feeding and neonatal care thus

Conclusion Self esteem is notstatic; it is affected by a number offactors such as pregnancy, birth,abortion, drugs, mental retardation,neurologic al deficits, mutilatingsurgeries etc.

A nurse as a teacher aids to buildself-esteem of her students byvalidating the efforts put in. Herwillingness to trust her students willcause the students to believe intheir efforts and thus ignite thedesire to work hard and succeed.

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T h e school health nurse handlesdelicate issues such as menarche, thechange in voice, body image changesetc. with

enhancing the mother’s self esteem needs.The dying client also has self-esteem needs;the professional nurse recognises these andprovides privacy by involving the familymembers who in turn fulfil his self-esteemneeds.

Let us make learning a delight forour students and enable them tobelieve in their ability to achievegiving due credit for efforts taken tocomplete a task and not just thefinal scores received in anexamination.

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<< Previous PageThe Nursing Journal of India

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<< Previous PageCabbage Leaves vs Hot and Cold Compresses in the Treatment of Breast Engorgement

Smriti Arora , Manju Vatsa & Vatsla Dadhwal

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cold cabbage leaves and alternate hot and cold compresses in decreasing breast engorgementand pain in post-natal mothers admitted in AIIMS, New Delhi.

Introduction Engorgement is the physiologic conditioncharacterised by the painful swelling of the breastsassociated with the sudden increase in milkvolume, lymphatic and vascular congestion, andinterstitial oedema during the first two weeksfollowing birth.

It is caused by insufficient breastfeeding and/orblocked milk ducts. Breast pain that interferes withsuccessful breastfeeding leads to abandonment ofe x c l u s i ve breastfeeding (Woolridge, 2006).Numerous strategies have been adopted over theyears in the treatment of breast engorgement.These include kangaroo care, fluid limitation,binding the breasts or wearing a tight bra, hot andcold compresses, application of cabbage leavesetc. Very few researches have been conducted tomonitor the effect of cabbage leaves on breastengorgement, even these have come up withinconclusive and conflicting results. A study on the effectiveness of cabbage leaves cancontribute to providing evidence for introducing theintervention in clinical practice

a n d thus the present study wasconducted. The objective of thisstudy was to assess and comparethe effectiveness of cold cabbageleaves and hot and coldcompresses in the treatment ofbreast engorgement.

Material and MethodsThis was a quasi experimentalstudy, using time series, non-equivalent control group designwith multiple institutions oftreatment, done in post-natal wardin AIIMS, New Delhi on 60 subjectsduring May to December 2006.

Inclusion criteria Post-natal mothers with breast

engorgement Willing of the subjects to

participate in study

Exclusion criteria

Identification data and obstetric characteristics ofeach subject were recorded in validated subject datasheet. The study was conducted in two phases. Inthe first phase, first 30 mothers in control group weregiven alternate hot and cold compresses. Thetemperature of water for hot compress rangedbetween 43-460C, and for cold compress it rangedbetween 10-180C as assessed by lotionthermometer.

O n completion of first phase, next 30 mothers inexperimental group were given cold cabbage leavestreatment for relieving breast engorgement. Cabbageleaves were refrigerated for approximately 20-30minutes prior to the procedure in the freezercompartment of the refrigerator. Cold cabbage leaveswere kept inside mother’s bra for 30 minutes.

Both the treatments were performed three times aday for two subsequent days. The intervention wasdone six times on each subject. The duration of eachintervention was 30 minutes. Pre-treatment and post-treatment scores of breast engorgement and painwere recorded after each treatment session.

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The authors are : MSc Nursing student, College ofNursing, AIIMS; Principal, College of Nursing,AIIMS; and Associate Professor, Department ofGynecology and Obstetrics, AIIMS, respectively.

Mothers with allergy to sulfadrugs and cabbage Mothers with soft breasts;

mothers receiving lactationsuppressants Mothers with infected breasts,

breast abscess, mastitis, brokenskin of breasts, bleeding orcracked nipples After enrolling thesubjects based on inclusion andexclusion criteria, informationsheet was given to them andconsent obtained.

Breast engorgement was measured using six pointbreast engorgement scale and pain score wasassessed using numeric rating pain scale. The dataobtained was entered into MS Excel sheet. Thestatistical software STRATA was used for analysis.

Pre-treatment Mean (SE) N=30 Post-treatment Mean (SE) N=30 P-value

Control group Breast engorgement score 5.03 (0.7) 2.97 (0.2) <0.001***Pain Score 6.1 (1.5) 0.51 (0.4) <0.001***Experimental group Breast engorgement score 5.17 (0.7) 3.02 (0.2) <0.001*Pain score 6.4 (1.2) 3.45 (0.4) <0.001** p value significant at 0.001 level. Table 1: Comparison of pre-treatment & post-treatment scores for breastengorgement and pain in groups

bot h were equally effective in decreasing breastengorgement (p=0.07) as shown in Table 2. Hot andcold compresses were found to be more effectivethan cold cabbage leaves in relieving pain due tobreast engorgement (p £ 0.001) in post-natal mothersas shown in Fig. 2.

Discussion This study is supported by the findings of Snowdenet al (2001) who did a review of research studies todetermine the effects of several interventions torelieve symptoms of breast engorgement amongbreastfeeding women and found that cabbage leaveswere effective in the treatment of engorgement.Roberts et al also compared the effectiveness ofcabbage leaf extract with that of a placebo in treatingbreast engorgement in lactating women andconcluded that both the groups received equal reliefin discomfort and decreasing breast tissue hardness.The present study also supports the findings of Hill &Humenick (1994)

Results The two groups were homogeneous withregard to all demographic and obstetric variables asanalysed by chi square and Fisher’s exact testexcept for breastfeeding for which adjusted analysisusing GEE (generalised estimating equations) wasdone. There was no difference between the groupswith regard to pre-treatment scores of breastengorgement and pain as analysed by student ‘t’test (Fig. 1). GEE was

u s e d to compare correlatedresponses for post-treatments c o re s for both the outcomevariables between the groups andto compare pre-treatment and post-treatment scores within the groups.Both the treatments i.e. hot andcold compress and cabbage leaveswere effective in decreasing breast

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engorgement and pain in post-natalmothers (p £ 0.001) as shown inTable 1. Cold cabbage leaves andhot and cold compress

Table 2 : Comparison of post-treatment breast engorgement scores in postnatal mothers in control and experimental groups

No. ofapplications

Control group Mean (SE)N=30

Experimental group Mean (SE)N=30 Mean Difference 95% C.I. p-value

1 5.14 (0.205) 4.22 (0.160) 0.18 30-0.48 0.288

2 3.48 (0.185) 4.06 (0.158) 0.22 0.13-.56 0.225

3 3.51 (0.189) 3..92 (0.155) 0.42 0.05-0.2 0.026*

4 3.743 (0.205) 4.26 (0.171) 0.52 11-0.91 0.012**

5 3.18 (0.178) 3.23 (0.176) 0.1 0.22-0.33 0.73

6 2.97 (0.171) 3.03 (0.130) 0.1 0.17-0.27 0.6

*p value significant at 0.05 level**p value significant at 0.01 level

who reported that type of delivery and parity are notcritical variables in predicting engorgement.

ConclusionCold cabbage leaves as well as alternate hot andcold compresses both can be used in the treatmentof breast engorgement. Hot and cold compressesare more effective in decreasing pain as comparedto cold cabbage leaves in relieving pain due tobreast engorgement.

AcknowledgementI thank my guide Dr. Manju Vatsa and the co-guideDr. Vatsla Dadhwal for their guidance throughout thestudy.

I am grateful to the mothers whoparticipanted in this study andnurses of post-natal ward of AIIMSwho helped me during the courseof study. I thank the statisticaldepartment for statistical analysisand the ethical review board forgiving ethical clearance.

References 1. Woolridge M. Aetiology of soren i p p l e s . Midwifery. 1986;2:172–176. Available from:h t t p : / / w w w. n c b i . nlm.nih.gov.Accessed January 23, 2006

2. Hill PD, Humenick SS. Theoccurrence of breast engorgement.J Hum Lact 1994; 10:79-86.Available from:http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov

cessed December 11, 2005

3. Snowden HM, Renfrew MJ, Woolridge MW.Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation.Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;(2): CD000046.Review. Available from: http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov.Accessed January 2, 2006

4. Roberts KL, Reiter M, Schuster D. Effects ofcabbage leaf extract on breast engorgement. J HumLact. 1998; 14:231-6. Available from:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Accessed January 2,2006

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UNCLAIMED NURSING JOURNALS OF INDIAWe have been informed that a large number of copies of the NJI are accumulating in the Nursing Offices and Nurses’ Hostels of many institutions.We request the Chief Nursing Officers, Nursing Superintendents, Principals, Tutors and other members to kindly return the unclaimed copies ofthe NJI to us, if the addresses of the members who left the institutions are not known.We shall be grateful if you would give us the details likeTNAI numbers, names and present addresses, if available, of those recipients of the NJI who have left your institution. This will help us to updateour list.Chief Editor



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<< Previous PageTHANK YOU DONORS !

Rs 11,000/- : Delhi State Branch TNAI, Rs.10,001/-: Faculty Members and Students, Sau Minatati Thakare Institute of Nursing, TMC, Thane; Rs.10,000/-: TNAI Members, Oil India Hospital, Duliajan, Assam; Rs.8,000/-: Goa State branch TNAI; Rs. 7,000/- : Frances Newton Hospital, Ferozepur Cantt. Rs. 5,116/- : Executives, TNAI Andhra Pradesh State BranchRs.5,001/- Each: Haryana State Branch TNAI; Kerala State Branch TNAI; Rs.5,000/-Each: TNAI Mizoram State Branch; Bhatia Hospital, Tardeo Road, Mumbai; TNAI Unit, Rosalind S Teto School of Nursing,Bhakti Vedanta Hospital, Mira Road, Thane; Rs.3,420/- : L B B College of Nursing, Batra Hospital & Medical Research Centre, New Delhi; Rs. 3,000/-Each: SNA Mizoram State Branch; TNAI Nagaland State Branch;Rs.2,700: Mr RK Tiwari & Mrs Annapurna Tiwari, 82 Gulab Bagh, Ring Road, Dewas Naka, Indore ; Holy Spirit Institute of NursingEducation, Holy Spirit Hospital, Andheri (East); Rs. 2,001/- TNAI Karnataka State Branch; Rs. 2,000/- Each: St Joseph’s College of Nursing, Loyola Nagar, Nallapadu, Guntur; TNAI Local Unit, Christian Medical College,Vellore; TNAI Manipur State Branch; TNAI Uttarakhand State Branch;Rs.1601/-: Nursing Personnels, Ratnagiri District; Maharashtra Rs.1,550: SUM Nursing College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Rs.1,500/- Each: TNAI Meghalaya State Branch; St Joseph’s School of Nursing, Guntur; West Bengal State Branch TNAI; SNA Unit,Himalayan College of Nursing, Jolly Grant, Dehradun;Rs.1,390/- Institute of Nursing Education, Goa; Rs. 1,116/-: Ms I Hemalatha, Retd Principal, College of Nursing, NIMS, Hyderabad; Rs.1,111/-; SNA Unit, District General Hospital, Ahmednagar; Rs.1,100/-; Uttar Pradesh State Branch TNAI;Rs.1,020/: Ganesh Das Hospital, Shillong;

Rs.1,001/-Each: Ms Durga J Mehta, Former President TNAI; Mrs Gopi J Bhambhani, Bina Nurses Bureau, Mumbai; BhagyashreeNurses Bureau, Navi Mumbai; TNAI Unit; TNAI Assam State Branch; Madhya Pradesh State Branch TNAI; IOC Ltd(AOD), Digboi,Tinsukia; TNAI Unit Garo Hills Meghalaya; TNAI Members, Jammu and Ladkh Unit; Institute of Nursing Education, Guru NanakHospital & Research Centre, Bandra (East) Mumbai; TNAI Orissa State Branch; Staff Nurses, S C B Medical College Hospital,Cuttack, Orissa; Staff Nurses, Dist Headquarter Hospital, Baripada, Orissa; Mrs Sarojini N Salvi, Principal, TCN, Sassoon General

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Hospital, Pune; Dr R N Cooper Hospital, Juhu, Mumbai; Rajasthan State Branch TNAI;

Rs.1,000/ Each: Dr Sunita Lawrence, President, Madhya Pradesh State Branch TNAI; Sr Linet, SNA Advisor Uttar Pradesh StateBranch TNAI, BCM School of Nursing, Sitapur; Mrs Barbara Xalxo Binha, Psychiatric Nursing Tutor, CIP Kanke, Ranchi; School ofNursing, Satribari Christian Hospital, Guwahati; TNAI Andaman & Nicobar Island State branch; Mrs Rina Choudhury, Oil India LimitedHospital, Duliajan; SNA Unit, Smt Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Sawangi, Wardha, The SNA Unit, College ofNursing, Christian Medical College, Vellore; Mrs Ashalata Devi, Treasurer TNAI Manipur State Branch ; Mr L Ibohal Singh, President,Manipur State Branch TNAI; Mrs Rose Mary Ferandes, Ex III Vice President,TNAI, Goa; Jharkhand State Branch TNAI; Mrs JyotiBeck, Psychiatric Nursing Tutor, RINPAS, Ranchi; TNAI Branch MIMS Hospital, Calicut, Kerala; SNA Unit, Training College ofNursing, Sassoon General Hospital, Pune; SNA Unit, National School of Nursing, Akola;

Rs.800/-Each : TNAI Shillong Branch, Meghalaya; Civil Hospital, Shillong, Meghalaya; College of Nursing, Berhampur;Orissa ;Rs.600/- Mrs Lakshimi D Sawant, Goa Medical College Bambolim,

Rs.501/Each: Oncology Student, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai; Ms Sheetal Khanolkar, Matron, Civil Hospital, Sindhudurg; MrPrakash Kakade, Principal, School of Nursing, KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai; Ms Gayatri Bandyopadhyay, President, West BengalState Branch TNAI; Ms Anamika; SNA Unit, Dr D Y Patil Institute of Nursing Education, Nerul, New Mumbai; School of Nursing, TheB D Petit Parsee General Hospital, Mumbai; Ch Subadani Devi, Nursing Sister, RIMS, Imphal; Ms L Rimantin Anal, Staff Nurse, RIMSHospital, Imphal; St Isabel’s School of Nursing & Hospital, Mylapore, Chennai; TNAI Unit, Govt College of Nursing, Trivandrum; SNAUnit, Dr R N Cooper Hospital, Juhu, Mumbai;

Rs.500/-Each: Mrs Jyoti Choubey, Principal, MPHWTC, Sidhi; Madhya Pradesh; Ms Jecinta (Tirkey) Kachhap, CIP Kanke,Ranchi;Ms Vaishali R Mohite, Principal, Krishna Institute of Nursing Sciences, Karad, Satara; Ms Saroj Mehta, AIIMS, New Delhi;Mrs S Ibenhal Devi, Secretary, TNAI Manipur State Branch TNAI; Miss M Koshy, Principal, R D Gardi Nursing Training Centre, Indore;SNA Unit, Late Shri Ganpatrao Deshmukh Training College of Nursing, Nagpur; Principal and Teaching Staff, Late Shri GanpatraoDeshmukh Training College of Nursing, Nagpur; Ms Shanti Natekar, Goa Medical Nightingale ANM/HW (F) Training Centre, At/POJeypore Dist. Koraput; Staffs, School of Nursing, S C B M C Hospital, Cuttack; ANM Training School, Civil Hospital, Beed; TNAI, KJPSynod Hospital. Shillong; TNAI Kashmir Unit; Ms W Surodhoni Devi, Nursing Sister, RIMS Hospital, Imphal; Th Bimola Devi, Imphal;Mrs Kangabam Sovasini Devi, Staff Nurse, RMC Hospital, Imphal;

Ms Nutan Asolkar, Staff Nurse, Goa Medical College, Bambolim; RIMS Unit, TNAI Manipur Branch; SNA Unit BhaktivedantaHospital’s Rosalind S Teto School of Nursing, Sector-1, Mira Road, Thane; Ms Adeline Toppo, Matron, CCL Hospital, Ranchi; TNAI,Christian Fellowship Hospital, Oddenchetram; President, Indian Railway Nursing Officers Association; Mrs S M Salunkne, ExPresident, Indian Railway Nursing Officers Association; Ms Kajalrani Vice President, Orissa State Branch TNAI; Ms Billoris Khongwir,Nurse Teacher, Directorate of Health Services, Shillong; All TNAI Members, Central Hospital, Ulhasnagar, Thane; Florence NightingaleTraining College of Nursing, Sawangi, Wardha; Govt College of Nursing, C R P Line, Indore; Training College of Nursing, J J Group ofHospital, Mumbai; St Ann’s School of Nursing, St Ann’s Hospital, Vijayawada;

Rs.400/- Mrs B Daniel, Staff Nurse, N T P C Hospital, Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh

Rs.300/- Each: Mrs C J Bhatt, Nursing Tutor & Staffs Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad; Jaslok College of Nursing, Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai;Ms P Tharnbalsang Devi, Staff Nurse, RIMS , Imphal; Th Nandarani, Public Health Nurse, School of Nursing, RIMS Imphal; SNA Unit,B Y L Nair Hospital, Bycula, Mumbai;

Rs.250/- Each: Mrs Sarojini Kachhap, RIMS, Ranchi; Mrs Snehlata Jadhav, Matron, N M M C , Vashi, Navi Mumbai; Mrs Sunita N

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Dhoble, Sister In Charge, N M M C , Vashi, Navi Mumbai;

Rs.210/- Mrs L S Awon, Staff Nurse, RIMS Hospital, Imphal;

Rs.201/-: Each Shri H B M G Hospital, Borivali (West) ; Bombay Hospital College of Nursing, Bombay Hospital Trust, Mumbai;

Rs. 200/- Each: Mrs Yanbeni Ezung, Nagaland; TNAI Unit, St Luke’s Hospital, Shrirampur; Mrs TH Radheshyam Devi, Sister Tutor,GNM School of Nursing, R I M S Campus, Imphal; Mrs L Sanyola, Staff Nurse, RIMS Hospital, Imphal; Ms M Ibechaobi Devi, NursingSister, Imphal; Ms T Pato Devi, Nursing Sister, RIMS, Imphal; Ms N Chanu Ibetombi, Staff Nurse, RIMS Hospital, Imphal; Ms K KainiRita, Staff Nurse, RIMS Hospital, Imphal; Ms Thongam Angoutomki Devi, Staff Nurse, RIMS Hospital, Imphal; Mrs Nilima P Rane,Former President, Goa State Branch TNAI; Ms N Leibaklima Devi, Staff Nurse, RIMS Hospital, Imphal; Th Chaobe Devi, Nursing Sis

ter, RIMS Hospital, Imphal; Ms Benita Devi , Imphal; SNA Unit, School of Nursing, M G M Hospital, Parel, Mumbai; R S M School ofNursing, Tura; Ms H Jamini Devi, Staff Nurse,J N Hospital, Prompat; Ms Yangweining Serto, Staff Nurse, J N Hospital, Prompat; MsAchong Thangeo, Nursing Sister, J N Hospital, Imphal; Ms Hoikhochin Haoling, F H S, Manipur;SNA Unit, Christian FellowshipHospital, Oddanchatram; Ms Jana Ryngkhlem, PHN, Jainitia Hills District; Ms T Khonglah, Health Educator, PHC-Jaintia Hills; MrsShashi Prabha Saxena, Ranchi; Ms L Rimantin Anal, Staff Nurse, RIMS Hospital, Imphal;

Rs.150/-Each: Mrs Hangmila Devidang, Staff Nurse, RIMS Hospital, Imphal; Mrs Lonlu Rungsung, Staff Nurse, RIMS Hospital,Imphal; Ms S Yangmila, Staff Nurse, RIMS Hospital, Imphal;

Rs.115/- Each: Mrs Hisule Keppen Khing, Naga Hospital, Kohima; Rs.111/- Ms M Ching Ngaihlian, Staff Nurse, RIMS Hospital ,Imphal; Rs.110/- Each : Ms Omita Huidrom, Staff Nurse, RIMS Hospital, Imphal; Ms Chongtham Premlata Devi, Staff Nurse, RIMSHospital, Imphal; Ms Y Chyne, Meghalaya; Rs.105/-: Mrs N S Ningshungla, Staff Nurse, RIMS Hospital, Imphal;

Rs.101/- Each: Mount Tabor Medical Mission School of Nursing, Mathur, Pudukottai; Mrs Paranjade Gayatri, Sister Tutor, TCNSassoon General Hospital, Pune; Mrs Bhujbal Sangeeta, Staff, TCN, Sassoon General Hospital, Pune; Mrs Phule Mrudula, Staff,TCN, Sassoon General Hospital, Pune; Mrs Shalini P Bhosale, Sister Tutor, TCN Sassoon General Hospital, Pune; Mrs Charulata APatil, Sister Tutor, TCN Sassoon General Hospital, Pune; Ms Kamlesh Verma, Staff Nurse, District Hospital, Rai Barely; Mrs Raj Dei,Staff Nurse, KGMU, Lucknow; Mrs Shyama Verma, Staff Nurse, KGMU, Lucknow; Mrs Deveshwari Rawat, Staff Nurse, KGMU,Lucknow; Ms Kajalrani Vice President, TNAI Orissa State Branch ;TNAI Unit, Holy Cross Hospital, Kottiyam, Kerala;

Rs.100/- Each: Ms Palsanade, Incharge, Civil Hospital, Shindhudurg, Ms Bhoi, M S, Incharge OT, Civil Hospital, Shindudurg; Mr KimMonteiro, Ms L Inaobi Devi, Staff Nurse, RIMS, Imphal; Kh Chetanmala Devi, Assistant Lecturer, KIMS College of Nursing,Amalapuram, AP; Ms Puyam Shantileing, FHW, Manipur; Ms M Jhaba, FHS, Manipur; Mrs Usha Shinde, Sister Tutor, TCN, SassoonGeneral Hospital, Pune; Mrs Akit Priyanka, Sister Tutor, TCN, Sassoon General Hospital, Pune; Mrs N Dass, Matron ,N T P CHospital, Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh; Ms Fatima Sariang, Jaintia Hills District; Leelabai Bamon, PHN Jaintia Hills District; RimisSuchang, ANM, Jaintia Hills District; Ms Julan Lyngdoh, Staff Nurse, Jainita District Hills;

Donation CIN/ECH Project: Rs.49,523 Ms Susie Kong, President, Commonwealth Nurses Federation , C/o Royal College ofNursing, 20, Cavendish Square, London WIG ORN; Rs. 11,000/- : M/s Indocis Marine Agencies, Indore; Rs. 10,000/-: School ofNursing, Dr BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai; Rs. 5,000/-each: M/s Shanti Logistics Pvt Ltd, Indore; M/s Plethico Pharmaceuticals Ltd,Indore; Nursing Staff, Bhaktivedanta Hospital, Rosalind’s Teton School of Nursing, Mira Road East, Maharashtra; Rs. 2000/-: M/sJose Travels, Indore;

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Donation:Rs.10,000 /- Ms Durga J Mehta, Former President, TNAI;

Central Institute of Nursing & Research: Rs.5,000: TNAI Orissa State branch;

DONATION- CENTENARY CELEBRATION:

Rs.10,000/-: Omayal Achi College of Nursing, King Cross Road, Avadi, Chennai.

ELDERLY CARE HOME FUND: Rs.505/-: Ms B Mariammal, Retd Tutor, Madhya Pradesh.



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<< Previous PageBrain Death and Organ Donation

Anitha Ravi

Every day, significant number of people die due to failure of one organ in the body or the other. One of the life saving measure forthese kind of patients is organ transplantation. The success of human organ transplant is steadily being improved. The increase inmortality and morbidity rate is basically attributable to unavailability of suitable organs in time.

Receiving a human organ from a healthy, living donor is not always possible, and exposes a healthy person to risk. So, receivinghealthy organs from a dead person will be ideal, as the donor is already dead and many organs can be removed from one donor.Still there is a lot of confusion in understanding the concept of brain death with beating heart. This concept is not widelyunderstood yet.

Traditionally we accept death as stoppage of functioning of heart. However, studies over the years have shown that death occurswith irreversible changes in brain, although the heart may continue to beat for sometime beyond that. The heart has its own pacemaker independent of brain, as long as it has oxygen it continues to beat. So the brain can be dead yet the heart may continue tobeat.

Once the brain is dead, the patient is already dead. Since the patient is already dead, the health professionals cannot kill himagain by removing the respiratory support. The respiratory support gives only the appearance of live person at a high cost. Medico-legally, the patient is pronounced as dead on the basis of brain death with the heart still beating.Determining death of a client is difficult with all tubings and respiratory support.

Death is indicated by :- No pupil response to light - No unassisted breathing.- No response to stimuli.

Organ

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<< Previous PageAnnouncement

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<< Previous PageXXIII SNA Biennial Conference - 2009

Theme : “Quality Nursing Education: Right of every student”

Sub-themes (i) Bridging the gaps in Nursing education and practice.(ii) Competency-based Nursing education.(iii) Effective clinical learning environment.

Guidelines for Scientific Paper Presentation : The Scientific Paper to be presented in the Conference should be on any one of theConference Sub-Themes, and include: Introduction; Objectives; Review of Literature; Brief description of methods and procedures; Findings and interpretation;Conclusion and recommendation; Bibliography

NOTE: Two copies of the typed Scientific Paper containing not more than 1500 words (4-5 pages in A4 size) should be submitted tothe State SNA Advisor by 15 May 2009. Best three Scientific Papers, one from each sub-theme, selected at the State Level are to beforwarded by the State SNA Advisor to the TNAI Headquarters by 15 June 2009 for final evaluation at national level. The Best threepapers, one from each Sub-theme, selected by the TNAI Headquarters will be intimated to the concerned person(s) for presentation atNational level SNA Conference - 2009.SCIENTIFIC PAPER PRESENTATION FORM

Topic for the Scientific Session:________________________________________________________

Mode of Presentation:__________________________________________________________________

Audio-Visual Aids required: Overhead Projector:_________________ LCD Projector:____________

Names of the Student Researcher(s) (in CAPITAL LETTERS):______________________________

Course & Year of Study:_______________________________________________________________

SNA Unit Address & State:_____________________________________________________________

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Last SNA Unit Subscription Paid on: TNAI Receipt No.___________________Date:____________

Entry Fee: Rs.100 (Individual Entry)______sent by M.O./Paid in cash_______(tick[ Ö ]as applicable)

Date:______________ Receipt No:_________________________

Sponsored Organisation (of the Research Study):_________________________________________

CERTIFICATE OF RECOMMENDATIONThis is to certify that the above mentioned research is a bonafide work of the student(s) who is/are member(s) of the above SNA Unitand have paid its subscription for the year 2009.The Scientific Paper was contested at the State Level Competition and selected for presentation at the National Level. To the best ofmy knowledge this paper will be presented first time at the National Level.

___________________ ____________________________Student(s) Signature Seal & Signature of Principal SON/CON Forwarded by:

___________________ ________________________________Signature of Unit SNA Advisor (Seal and Signature of the State SNA Advisor)



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<< Previous PageTopics for the Scientific Exhibition: Poster Presentation

S.No. Section Topic Suggested Mode of Presentation Award1 Anatomy and Physiology Structure of Liver Poster Indira Dorabji Cup

2 F i r s t Aid & Basic NursingProcedures

M a n a g e m e n t of Foreignbodies in Ear/Nose/Throat

Poster Dufferin Cup-1

3 Medical & Surgical Nursing Management of CongestiveCardiac Failure

Poster Ms. Edith Paul Shield

4 Paediatric Nursing Newborn resuscitation Poster Dufferin Cup-4

5 Psychiatric Nursing P s y c h i a t r i c facilities atCommunity setting

Poster Pramda Bajaj Shield

6 Community Nursing Prevention of accidents in oldage

Poster General Chakravarty Cup

7 Obstetrical Nursing Emergency obstetric care Poster Dettol Shield (Ist Prize)Mac Naughton Lamp (2nd Prize)

8 MCH Section Kangaroo care Poster Sr. Elizabeth Shield

9 Midwifery Role of skilled birth attendant Poster Ms. H. Chabook Shield

10 SNA Activities in India - Poster Ms. Adranvala Shield

11 History & Trends in Nursing inIndia - Poster

Sections 1-7 are for GNM/B.Sc Nursing Students.Sections 8-9 are for ANM students/MPHW(F) students.Sections 10-11 are for all categories (ANM/GNM/B.Sc) of Nursing students.

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Poster PresentationThe participants exhibiting the posters during the SNA Biennial Conference in Kolkata, West Bengal (October 2009), may kindly notethe following points while preparing and displaying the posters:

Criteria for Poster Presentation- Size: Standard size (22"x26") approx. for both individual and group poster presentations.- Topics: Ideas depicted in the poster should be relevant to the topics given above.- Lettering and design of the poster should be bold and big enough to be well visible from a distance.- For bringing clarity of the poster, restrict yourself to one idea relevant to the topic.- The layout of the picture must be properly balanced to give a correct sense of proportion.- Extra fixing of clippings/cuttings or any other form on the poster should be avoided.- The poster should depict originality and innovative ideas.



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<< Previous PageTNAI Scholarships - 2009

Th e Trained Nurses’ Association of India invites applications for awarding scholarships for higher studies for the year 2009.Scholarships are available for the following courses. The members intending to pursue courses and who wish to avail TNAIScholarship should apply in advance as indicated. No application will be entertained after June 30, 2009. Incompleteapplication forms will not be accepted.

FOR GENERAL NURSES(a) Master of Nursing (b) Post-Basic B.Sc. (Nsg.) (c) Post Certificate Diploma course in Nursing Education and Administration, andother specialty courses (d) Ph. D, M. Phil in Nsg. and Master of Nursing (one time grant of Rs. 5000/- is also available fordissertation, provided the Research topic relates to Nursing) (e) Students pursuing Post-Basic B.Sc. Nsg. through Indira GandhiNational Open University (IGNOU) can also apply if they have successfully completed the first year. First instalment of Rs. 3000/- oncompletion of first year and s00econd instalment of Rs. 3000/- on successful completion of 2nd year will be paid.

FOR HEALTH VISITORS AND AUXILIARY NURSE MIDWIVES / MPHW(F)1. General Nursing and Midwifery course.2. Any short-term course of not less than three months duration.The above mentioned courses/institution should be recognised by Indian Nursing Council.

Eligibility criteria The candidates should have at least 3 years’ membership of the TNAI. Preference is given to life members. All the three confidential reports will be received timely from the referees mentioned in their applications. The application should be recommended by the President/Secretary of the State Branches. Preference will be given to the candidate’s active participation in TNAI activities at National, State, District/Zonal and Unit levels. The evidence of annual family income of the candidates (who wish to apply for scholarship) should be obtained from competent

authority and attached along with the filled-in application. The Candidate should not be a recipient of any other scholarship or any financial help from any other source. The candidate should not have been a recipient of TNAI scholarship for at least last 5 years.

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General Conditions Requests for Application forms should be addressed to: The Secretary-General, The Trained Nurses’ Association of India, L-17

Florence Nightingale Lane, Green Park, New Delhi-110016, alongwith a self-addressed envelop of 24x10 cms bearing postage stampworth Rs. 5. Application forms complete in all respects should be submitted through the State Branch President or Secretary alongwith a fee of

Rs. 100/- by demand draft drawn in favour of “The Trained Nurses’ Association of India”. Application forms without fee will not beaccepted. Advance information must be sent to this office about submitting your application form to the State Branch President orSecretary. Last date for receiving Application Forms is 15 June 2009. Application forms received after the above date should carry a late fee of

Rs. 150/- till 30 June 2009. Information regarding the admission should reach TNAI Headquarters latest by 31 July 2009.

The selected candidates will be paid Rs. 9000/- per year; besides a sum of Rs. 2000/- (one time only) is also paid for purchase ofbooks etc. Candidates selected for the Scholarship are required to sign an agreement to the effect that they will serve for atleast two years withinIndia. In case of default, the awardee will be required to refund the entire Scholarship amount with interest.



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<< Previous PageSNA Scholarships - 2009

The Trained Nurses’ Association of India (TNAI) invites applications for award of SNA Scholarships for the year 2009. Scholarships areavailable for Basic Nursing Training Programmes in each course of study as follows:

Multipurpose Health Workers (Female) / Revised ANM Programme.

Diploma in General Nursing and Midwifery.

Degree Course in Basic B.Sc Nursing.

Selected candidates will be paid Rs.9,000/- per scholastic/academic year disbursed monthly i.e.Rs.750/- p.m. Besides, there isprovision of Rs.2,000/- for books, in the first year only.

Minimum Requirements Successful completion of first three months of preliminary training period.

Application shall be recommended by the (1) Incharge/Principal, College or School of Nursing, and (2) President/Secretary/SNAAdvisor of the TNAI State Branch. Incomplete application forms will not be accepted.

Other Conditions The SNA unit sponsoring the candidate for the Scholarship should be an active Unit for at least three years, and should have

contributed to the Association in some way.

The applicant should not be receiving any financial support/benefits from any other source by way of stipend/fellowship/scholarship,etc.

Certificate of annual income of the family/guardian of the candidate issued by the competent authority must be attached along withthe filled-in application form for scholarship.

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The applicant should be a bonafide student of a School/College of Nursing, recognised by Indian Nursing Council.

I. Preference will be given to the candidate’s active participation in SNA activities at National/State/District/Zonal and Unit Levels.

II. On completion of the study, each awardee is obliged to become a Life Member of the Association. A sum of SNA to TNAIMembership fee will be deducted while paying the Scholarship and the student will be enrolled as a Life Member of the TNAI. TheHead of the Institution would forward membership application of the candidate to the TNAI Headquarters soon after the successfulcompletion of the programme.

III. The candidates selected for the Scholarships are required to sign an agreement that they will serve the country for the period asunder:(a) Multipurpose Health Worker (Female)/ANM for one year.(b) GNM and B.Sc Nursing graduate for two years.

Failure to serve for the specified periods stated above shall render a candidate liable to refund the scholarship amount paid along withinterest thereon as decided by TNAI. The refund of scholarship shall be as follows:

Refund in fullIf the above specified period is less than half, i.e. below six months in the case of MPHW (F) candidate, and below one year in thecase of GNM and B.Sc. Nursing Graduate.

Half refundIf the above specified period is six months or more in the case of MPHW (F), one year in case of GNM and B.Sc. Nursing Graduate.

Request for Application form should be addressed to the Dy. Secretary-General, Trained Nurses’ Association of India, L-17, FlorenceNightingale Lane, Green Park, New Delhi – 110016, alongwith a self-addressed stamped envelop (size 24x10 cm) bearing postagestamp worth Rupees five (Rs.5/-).

Application complete in all respects should be submitted through State Branch President/Secretary/SNA Advisor together with aDemand Draft of Rs.100/- as Application Fee. Applications without fee will not be entertained.

The last date for receipt Applications is 15 June 2009. Applications received after this date will be charged a late fee of Rs.150/- till30 June 2009 after which no application will be considered.



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<< Previous PageGuidelines for Material Being Submitted for Publication in The Nursing Journal of India

The Nursing Journal of India is a monthly publication, the official organ of The Trained Nurses’ Association of India. It contains a mix ofspecial articles of professional interest and other features on developments in the field of Nursing in general and reports of activitiesfrom different Units and Branches of the Association in particular. According to the scheme of material approved by the EditorialAdvisory Board, each issue of the Journal would normally contain two special articles, one concise Research Report of an importantstudy conducted by an individual or a team, if available, plus regular features like ‘Nursing World’, ‘Students forum’, ‘Branch Affairs’,‘Book Reviews’, ‘Readers View’, other items like poems of interest to Nurses, and Nomination Sheets, Ballot Papers and other forms,Announcements and Circulars connected with the functioning of the Association.

Special Articles / Research Reports1. Special Articles/ Research Reports have to be on subjects related to Nursing Practice, Management, Education, Research, etc. 2. Preference is given to articles based on patient care studies concentrating on Nursing components rather than medical aspects oftreatment. 3. Articles should be exclusively for publication in the Journal and concise, ideally running into 1200 to 1800 words with CD as well ashard copy of the articles.4. Only essential illustrations or one photograph with good contrast colour) may be sent by contributors in a camera-ready form, i.e.neatly finished in black ink, to be sent for printing so that it is directly reproducible. Photographs in black and white are preferred(printed on glossy paper). However, photographs in colour may be accepted, if they have good contrast of colours. 5. References of all works cited or consulted in preparation of the article should be complete, and in the format given below. 6. Research Articles should be sent within three years of the studies; it should mention the TNAI number, designation, address andthe year in which the study has been conducted.Reference SampleBooks : Kakar DN (1980). Dais: The Traditional Birth Attendants in Rural India, 1st edn. New Delhi: New Asian Publishers, Ch 1-14;pp 11-57Articles : Kakar, DN (1982). ‘The Role of Midwife in North India with Special Reference to Cultural Factors’. The Nursing Journal ofIndia, LXII (1), pp 32-35

Reports 1. Reports from TNAI and SNA Units and Branches and other features should be very brief (50 to 100 words only) and typed in doublespace on one side of the paper. 2. Efforts should be made to lay emphasis on reporting the new thoughts expressed by Nurses or dignitaries invited to functions and

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ceremonies and achievements of Nursing personnel or Student Nurses instead of giving mere lists of officials or office bearers whopresided over or attended these events. 3. Photographs of all these events are not expected to be the work of professionals. Care should be taken to send only thosephotographs (in colour, only if not available in black and white) that show a good contrast and clear features and objects. Captions ofall photographs should be written on the back of the photograph clearly. 4. The emphasis again should be on creative work or achievements of Nurses or Nursing Students instead of mere dignitariesinaugurating or participating in a particular event. The person sending a report should give her or his name, address and designation orpost held in the Unit or Branch.

Book ReviewsReviewers of books (commissioned or not commissioned by the Editor) should deal with the subject content of a book reviewed froman expert’s angle and not only list chapters or give recommendations that a particular book should be bought or acquired by studentsor the likely readers.

Readers’ ViewsReaders’ Views should be concise and concentrating on issues or problems rather than supporting or criticising individuals or certaingroups and should avoid any element of defamatory references. Material intended for publication should be sent as soon as the eventis over. The date of posting of the Journal is first or second day of the month of a particular issue.

AdvertisementsSpecial care has to be taken by advertisers with regard to the deadline and date of posting. All advertisers are advised to check thelast dates of issue or submission of application forms, etc., being advertised, before sending the advertisements and ensure that theadvertisements appear well before such dates. For Admission Notices for Nursing Schools and Colleges, copy of the INC recognitioncertificate for the specific academic year should be provided.

Advertisements for a particular issue are accepted till the first day of the month preceding the month of the issue of the Journal. Forexample, if you like to get your advertisement published in the issue of August, the advertisement matter and the payment (to bemade in favour of the Nursing Journal of India, New Delhi), should reach TNAI Headquarters by July 1. Recruiting Agencies arerequired to provide the authencity certificate.

SuitabilityThe Chief Editor is authorised to reject articles that are not found suitable for publication and to edit articles, reports or other featuresin the interest of space and clarity.

All manuscripts should be send in duplicate to: The Chief Editor, The Nursing Journal of India, L-17, Florence Nightingale Lane, Green Park, New Delhi - 110 016. Fax: 26858304 Email: [email protected], [email protected].



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<< Previous PageRevised TNAI Membership Fee

As follow-up to the decision of TNAI Council, the Membership Fees shall be revised upwards from 1 April, 2009 as under:

S. No. Life Membership Fee

Existing Revised (w.e.f. 1-4-2009)

1. Trianed Nurses Rs. 2500 Rs. 3000

2. Retired Nurses (provide Certificate) Rs. 1000 Rs. 1100

3. Religious Sisters drawing no salary (Please enclosecertificate for no salary drawn from the employer)

Rs. 1000 Rs. 1000

4. HVL / ANM / MPHW

5. SNA to TNAI (for students)Students should apply immediately on passing the finalexamination not later than one year to avail the concession in life membership.

Rs. 1500 Rs. 2000

Life Membership Fee (Foreign) Trained NursesAdd Postal Charges (subject to change)[Airmail: 1 year; Surface Mail: 3 years]

$250 (USD)$20 (USD)$20 (USD)

$275 (USD)$50 (USD)$50 (USD)

Annual Membership Fee (with Nursing Journal of India)

Trained Nurses (India) Rs. 1000 Rs. 1100

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Trained Nurses (Foreign) $150 (USD) $165 (USD)

LHV / ANM / MPHW Rs. 500 Rs. 550

Journal for Student Nurses Rs. 500 Rs. 500

SNA Unit Subscription per student Rs. 100 Rs. 100

Nursing Journal of India for non-members

1. India (Inclusive of postage) Rs. 1000 Rs. 1100

2. Foreign (Inclusive of postage) $ 150 (USD) $ 165 (USD)

Revised Advertisement Rate for Nursing Journal of India (NJI) of TNAI with effect from April 2009 issue

Advertisement Size ExistingContractRates (Rs.)

RevisedContractRates (Rs.)

ExistingCasualRates (Rs.)

RevisedCasualRates (Rs.)

ExistingForeign Adv.Rates in ($)USD

RevisedForeignAdv. ($)USD

Front Cover Inside, BackCover Inside and BackCover (Single Colour)

22,500 33,750 27,000 40,500 $ 1500 $ 2250

Full Page 16,500 24,750 18,000 27,000 $ 1200 $ 1800

Half Page 9,000 13,500 12,000 18,000 $ 600 $ 900

Quarter Page 6,000 9,000 9,000 13,500 $ 300 $ 450

Job Work Existing Rs. 900/-per columncentimeter. Minimum chargesRs. 6,000

Revised Rs. 1,350/-percolumn centimeter with aminimun of Rs. 9,000/-

Lost & Found Existing rates Rs. 6, 000/- Revised rates Rs. 1,000/-

Contractual rates applicable to a minimum of 6 insertions in twelve months. Advertisement matter mentioning the size of advertisement, desired month of publication alongwith payment should reach TNAI

office latest by the first day of the previous month (e.g., for publication in January issue, the advertisement matter and payment PDFmyURL.com



etc., should reach us latest by December 1). Outstation Cheques will not be accepted. Telephone: 011-26966873, 26566665; Fax: 011-26858304; Email: [email protected]



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