tankei maruyama on modern japanese calligraphy

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On Contemporary Visual Culture P A P E R S P A N O P T I K ON december 2009 Tankei Maruyama: Modern Japanese Calligraphy Contributors J.R. Osborn, Ph.D. Department of Visual Communication American University in Dubai Marcelo Guimarães Lima, Ph.D. Department of Visual Communication American University in Dubai

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Page 1: Tankei Maruyama on Modern Japanese Calligraphy

On Contemporary Visual Culturep a p e r s

p a N O p T I K O N

december 2009

Tankei Maruyama: Modern Japanese Calligraphy

Contributors

J.r. Osborn, ph.D.Department of Visual Communicationamerican University in Dubai

Marcelo Guimarães Lima, ph.D.Department of Visual Communicationamerican University in Dubai

Page 2: Tankei Maruyama on Modern Japanese Calligraphy

Interview with Tankei Maruyama: Modern Japanese Calligraphy Marcelo Guimarães Lima & J.r. Osbornenglish Translation: T. Kato

Artist and calligrapher Tankei Maruyama visited the American University in Dubai on two occasions in 2009. In May she conducted a workshop on Japanese calligraphy at the Visual Communication Program. She returned in November for a second workshop preceding an exhibition of her calligraphy works at the Rotunda Gallery, AUD.

The following interview is intended as a short introduction to the artist and her art. She discusses here briefly issues related to her creative and professional path, including the education of the artist, the practice of calligraphy and the present day conditions of the art of calligraphy in Japan.

Panoptikon: Where are you from? Tell us about your personal background. How did your early experiences, the place you come from, and the context you grew up in influence your career choices?

Tankei Maruyama: I come from Tokyo, Japan. I started practicing calligraphy at the age of three (3) rather naturally under the family surroundings where my father appreciated Japanese calligraphy. During the Japanese’s rapid economic growth era of the 1960’s, it was rather common for children to learn one of various cultural activities and sports exercises such as Calligraphy, Kendo (Japanese fencing), Judo, Piano and Abacus. In this background, I continued Calligraphy and have continued my practice without a pause. My present state is a result of these continuous efforts and volition. My studying of Calligraphy was a chance coincidence. It may have been my destiny.

P: What is your professional and artistic training?

TM: I studied Japanese Language & Literature at Nihon University as well as Calligraphic Arts. I also studied various Japanese cultural practices such as the tea ceremony, flower arrangement, and ceramics alongside my continuous daily calligraphy exercise.

Page 3: Tankei Maruyama on Modern Japanese Calligraphy
Page 4: Tankei Maruyama on Modern Japanese Calligraphy

Interview with Tankei Maruyama / panoptikon December 2009

P: What were your early artistic influences?

TM: I studied under the guidance of renowned calligrapher Kakei Fujita, whom I acknowledge as my paragon and spiritual mentor. It was a great acquaintance.

P: Who constitutes the public (general and/or specialized) that you intend to reach with your work? Who do you produce your work for? Who are the clients for your work?

TM: I produce my work, in many cases, by request from art galleries such as galleries in Ginza, Tokyo, galleries in department stores and/or galleries owned by a corporation. I am always conscious of a character of the place (a city) where my exhibitions are held. For example, I have a color image of red in Hong Kong, neutral tints in Paris, dignified & elegant color in Japan, golden colors in Dubai, green in Germany, etc. The natural features and the cultural climate of the country, city and region are the first clue for me to start the creation of my work. I always hope that my work brings brightness and happiness to the room or house it decorates. I also have the experience that my hands and body moves freely without any subconscious images. It is a sort of incidental encounter how my work meets with a future owner.

P: How can you explain or introduce non-specialists to the types of work you produce?

TM: Explanation is a secondary issue. In the same way as the case of fashion (clothes), music, sculpture and picture, what is more crucial is whether or not you like it, how it makes you feel and whether the work speaks to you. However, in principle, Japanese calligraphy has only the two colors of black and white and the creation will be made in a moment. Therefore, what I need to explain as an introduction is that a calligrapher has to diligently train daily for an art of flash. Both physical and mental discipline is essential.

P: What are the main tools and materials of Japanese calligraphy? What equipment do you use?

TM: The main tools and materials are ink (Sumi), paper, brush and inkstone. The important point is that it takes many accomplished craftsmen a lot of time to properly make these tools and materials. I would like to stress the importance of appreciating this fact and the selection of properly made tools and materials. I use the best brushes, inks and properly aged papers to create calligraphy works with the quintessence of art.

Page 5: Tankei Maruyama on Modern Japanese Calligraphy

Interview with Tankei Maruyama / panoptikon December 2009

P: How do you create your pieces? What are the stages of your work?

TM: What I see as essential is “Innocence”. “Thinking nothing” is the most important. As to the stages of work, I summarize them as follows; 1) decide on a sentence or a writing or a character 2) decide on a style of expression 3) decide on a size and select the tools and materials accordingly

P: What makes a calligraphic work strong for you?

TM: Practically speaking, I use all the necessary materials required for the desired image since the depth of calligraphy is incalculable. But essentially speaking, the fascination of the calligraphy arises due to its unsparing and endless process of learning. It is a disciplinary challenge. The calligrapher simply rubs an ink stick on an inkstone calmly and peacefully. (It may take an hour or more to make the ink for writing a few words). During this process, the calligrapher becomes free from this world and enters into the world where sometimes you may not even hear any sounds.

Then, the calligrapher dips a brush into the ink and starts facing to a paper. If you are not yet ready with a firm discipline, you will be beaten by the strength of white paper. It is a mysterious experience. Everybody wants to write well and neatly. But you will not be able to write well with this anticipation. When you are in a state of “nothing”, then you are able to create a strong work. This is why many are enthralled with the magic of calligraphy.

P: What artistic principles or rules do you apply in your work?

TM: Neither art nor calligraphy requires a rule and /or limited radius. My intention is rather to break through by searching for freedom. However, it is not easy to cross a line which is the invisible.

P: How important are considerations of style in your work? Do you have a favorite style? Are there any established styles or forms that you use?

TM: I like a dynamic form and have been trying to create something dynamic with which I feel a contentment. But I am still a far distance from this goal.

Page 6: Tankei Maruyama on Modern Japanese Calligraphy

Interview with Tankei Maruyama / panoptikon December 2009

P: What are in your mind the difficulties or challenges specific to the practice of Japanese calligraphy and how your work seeks to address them?

TM: Anyone can write calligraphy. My workshop at the American University in Dubai proved this fact. All the students produced beautiful calligraphy. Some of their works are even good enough for sending to an exhibition. However, there are a lot of difficulties in realizing the true difficulty of writing onto a paper which is bottomless and therefore partly invisible. The calligrapher simply has to continue with practice to attain a higher perception and spiritual enlightenment. Firstly, the calligrapher must understand his/her self and must face faithfully with his/her incompetence. This is the first point. It can be compared with ascetic practices.

P: Please comment on the relation between content and form in written language.

TM: Let’s take an example of Japanese calligraphy which is an idiomatic phrase composed with four characters. The meaning of this phrase is to devote oneself with all one’s energies. Then, the calligrapher naturally ponders on his/her own life by questioning whether he/she devotes him/her self with all energies daily. This is only one examples of the relation between content and form. The characters have a meaning. Therefore, the calligrapher has to understand the meaning, and digest the contents by facing oneself and interpreting them into a form.

P: How do language and visual forms relate, mix, interact, struggle, collaborate, cross-fertilize or contest each other in calligraphic art?

TM: The answer would be more or less the same as the answer to query no. 12. If ten different people produce calligraphy, each different character reflects the personality of the person, what he/she thinks at the moment including one’s perplexity. The work is the mirror of oneself. Therefore, it is a long journey for a search of oneself and the target is an understanding of life through this struggle.

Page 7: Tankei Maruyama on Modern Japanese Calligraphy

Interview with Tankei Maruyama / panoptikon December 2009

P: What is the relation between your work and historical tradition? How your artistic ideas relate, or not, to traditional or dominant standards in your field?

TM: I have learned many and am still learning from traditional classical calligraphies. It may be compared with a case of “dessin” (drawing, sketch) in the field of paining. My destination may lie through my continuous endeavor to pursue the appropriate calligraphies which derive from my individuality, my personality and my own life. I believe that all calligraphers are trying this in their own way and all know the process has no end.

P: How would you describe your work in relation to the following terms? Please list both similarities and differences. Also, feel free to substitute other terms if you feel they are more suitable for describing your practice.

a. The Visual Arts (Painting, printmaking, sculpture) b. Graphic Design c. Typography and Type Design

TM: The various art forms described in this list have their own method and approach. However, I think that their real nature is the same. Therefore, an analysis of similarities and differences is for me the secondary issue.

P: Are there any individuals, experiences, or pieces of art that have had a significant influence upon your work?

TM: The renowned calligrapher Kakei Fujita was my mentor and paragon. He was a great artist who admitted no compromise in his work throughout his entire professional life. I also gained guiding principles in life through acquaintance with the following great men: Mr. Yasushi Inoue (novelist), Mr. Kazuo Yamamoto (juvenile literary man), Mr. Kazumasa Nakagawa (painter), Mr. Suguru Igarashi (butterfly scholar/ doctor & company executive) and Mr. Tokuya Eriguchi (especially talented executive officer/ manager who people recognizes as one in thirty thousand). They all had their own faith and each achieved the world in their own field.

P: How has the practice of Japanese calligraphy changed over the past 50 years? The past 200 years?

TM: What is noticeable over the past ten years is an increased tendency for calligraphers to write plain and legible characters based on a spoken language. It is easy to read and understand. This movement had been developed since it began 70 years ago mainly by the calligrapher Mr. Syunkei Iijima.

Page 8: Tankei Maruyama on Modern Japanese Calligraphy

P: How is calligraphy organized as a professional and artistic field in Japan today? What kinds of institutions support it?

TM: There are many calligrapher organizations as professional bodies and/ or artists groups. They are all free and have the role of encouraging and promoting calligraphy, especially by bringing up the next generation.

P: How do you see the future of this art form?

TM: Calligraphy will undoubtedly continue. Though it is now a computer age, calligraphy has revived and now has a sort of boom in Japan. More people are discovering and recognizing a delight/pleasure in writings with a calligraphic form. Firstly, let’s keep our back straight up, rub and make an ink on an ink stone, take up a brush, grasp the meaning of characters, face with the paper and enter into a world where no deception exists. Let’s face ourselves.

Interview with Tankei Maruyama / panoptikon December 2009

Page 9: Tankei Maruyama on Modern Japanese Calligraphy

Interview with Tankei Maruyama / panoptikon December 2009

 ご出身は個人的な経歎をお聞かせください。どのようにしお曞を始めたのですかどで、どのように育ち、それがどのようにあなたに曞道の道を遞ばせたのでしょうか

日本の東京出身です。曞に芪しんでいた父芪の環境䞋で、自然に曞を始めたした。 3歳の頃です。1960幎代の成長期における圓時の日本は孊校の他にいく぀かの皜叀事

曞道、剣道、柔道、ピアノ、そろばん等をするのは䞀般的でその背景の䞭、旊桂の堎合は曞道に瞁があり、どんなずきでも䌑む事無く続けたこず、その結果が珟圚ず考えおいたす。それは「出䌚い」であり、私の運呜なのかもしれたせん。

 どのような専門的、芞術的な教育を受けたのですか

私は曞道を早い時期から続けるず共に、日本倧孊で囜文孊を孊びたした。たた他の 日本の文化的な皜叀事ずしお曞道を続ける傍ら、茶道、生花、陶芞等も孊びたした。

 曞道を目指した、ただ早い時期に、䜕かに、もしくは誰かに芞術䞊の圱響を受けられたたか

私は偉倧な曞道家、藀田霞畊先生に垫事したした。圌は私の芏範であり、指導者です。すばらしい出䌚いでした。

 誰瀟䌚を含むを意識しお䜜品創造に励むのかどのように䜜品を䌁画しおいくのですか誰の為に創るのかあなたの䜜品を玍める斜䞻はどのような方ですか

䌁画は倚くの堎合は䟝頌によるものです。画廊銀座、デパヌトの画廊、䌁業の画廊、等。発衚する䜜品はその堎所を意識したす。銙枯でしたら赀を、パリなら䞭間色を、日本なら気品を、ドバむですず金をドむツですずグリヌンをず色を意識し、颚土を䞭心に創造を駆り立おたす。䜜品を郚屋に食っお頂いた家がさらに明るくなり、幞犏になれたすよう制䜜に励んでいたす。そしお時に、曞きたいように、筆が走るたたに曞きたす。䜜品を賌入しお䞋さる方は、その時の出䌚いです。

 どのように䜜品を通垞説明したすか特に曞道になじみの無い人ぞの説明はどのようしたすか

説明自䜓はそれほど重芁ずは考えおいたせん。絵も圫刻も音楜もファッションも同じように、その䜜品が奜きかどうかです。芳おどう感じるか、です。䜜品ず察話したいかどうかです。曞は癜ず黒の色しかありたせん。たた䞀瞬の制䜜です。前段で申し䞊げるずすれば、曞道家は䞀瞬のために日々鍛錬しなければならないこず。身䜓的にも、粟神的にも自分を埋するこずが肝芁だずいうこずです。

Page 10: Tankei Maruyama on Modern Japanese Calligraphy

Interview with Tankei Maruyama / panoptikon December 2009

 日本の曞道の䞻な甚具ず材料を説明しおください。たたあなたはどのような甚具を䜿甚されおいたすか

䞻な道具ず材料は墚、玙、筆、硯。倧切なこずはこれらの道具をしっかりず䜜る為には、倚くの熟緎職人の手を通しお぀くられ、出来䞊がるのに非垞な時間がかかるこずです。そのこずを理解した䞊で、適切な道具や材料を遞定するこずが倧切です。私は垞に、適切な品質の良い筆や墚、そしお少しでも曞の真髄に近づく為、目的に合わせた幎代物の玙を䜿甚するようにしおいたす。

 あなたはどのように䜜品を創䜜しおいくのですか制䜜の段階は

たず、創䜜に斌いお倧切なのは「無心」。無になるこずが肝芁。制䜜の段階に぀いおは以䞋の通り。制䜜の段階―

曞きたい文章を決める 衚珟のスタむルを決める )衚珟サむズを決め、それに䜿甚する道具を決めたす。

 あなたにずっお䜕が曞道䜜品を印象匷くしたすか どのようにすれば匷い䜜品を䜜れたすか

実際的には、むメヌゞした衚珟を実珟する為、必芁な材料をすべお䜿いたす。それは、曞は蚈り知れない矎の衚珟だからです。そしお本質的には、曞は厳しいだけに魅力的なのです。自分を埋する挑戊です。心を静かにし、硯に向かっお墚を磚る数文字曞くのに時間、ただただ磚る、䞀切のこの䞖から開攟され、自分が別䞖界に無・・なかなかなれたせんが・・蚓緎しおいくず音たでが無い䞖界に到達したす入った時、筆に墚を含たせ、玙に自分を制する事ができない時は玙の癜さに負けおしたい曞けたせん向かうのです。ずおも神秘的です。人間ですから、䞊手く曞きたい、人に認められるような玠敵な䜜品を曞きたいず思うのは垞ですが、そう思った時点で曞けたせん。無になったその時、匷い䜜品が出来おいたす。これに虜になるのです。

 あなたが創䜜する際の曞道における原則や芏則は 曞道も含め、芞術においお芏則や芏制は必芁ありたせん。むしろ自由を求め、原則芏則は

砎るものず考えおいたす。しかし、なかなかこの、芋えない線を越えるこずは容易ではありたせん。

あなたの䜜品においおスタむルずは重芁ですか奜みのスタむルはありたすか もしくは確立されたスタむルは

私の奜みのスタむルは力匷い䜜品です。玍埗できるダむナミックな創造を詊みおきたした。 しかし、ただ遠い道のりです。

Page 11: Tankei Maruyama on Modern Japanese Calligraphy

䜕が日本の曞道の難しさずお考えですかたたあなたはそれに察しおどのように挑戊しようずお考えですか

曞は誰でも曞けたす。先日のドバむ・アメリカン倧孊ワヌクショップの生埒、党員曞けおいたした。倧倉優秀でした。展芧䌚に出したいほどです。でも、玙の奥、芋えない分郚を曞く難しさがあるのです。悟るたで、曞き続けるしかありたせん。たずは、才胜の無い自分をしっかり芋るこずであり、ほずんど修行の䞖界です。

 “曞き蚀葉”における内容・意味ず圢䜓ずの関係に぀いお䞀蚀意芋ください。

たずえば粟心力果、粟心しお果たしお力぀ずむず読みたす。意味は䞀意専心し、たこずに力を尜くしお努力する。文字ずいう短い文のなかに奥深い意味があり、その意味の通りに曞くずなるず厳しいものが䜜家に迫っおきたす。自分がその意味のように日々過ごしおいるかず問われるからです。これが意味ず圢䜓の関係の䞀䟋です。蚀葉を捕らえお、消化し、自分ず向き合い、圢にする。

曞道においお、どのように蚀葉ず芖芚圢䜓が関係し、混合し、お互いに圱響し、反発し、共同し、お互いの肥やしにできるのか意芋ください。

ず同じ事が蚀えるず思いたす。同じ字を人に曞いおもらうず、性栌から、曞いおいる瞬間に考えた迷いたで衚珟されおしたいたす。曞は曞き手の写しなのです。だからこそ、自身を芋぀める旅であり、生きる目的やその理解ぞの挑戊なのです。

あなたの䜜品ず歎史的䌝統ずの関係は どのようにあなたのアむデアがそれず結び぀いおいるのかもしくは繋がっおいないのか䌝統性のみならず、曞道界で䞻流の芏範ずの぀ながりは

旊桂の䜜品ず歎史的䌝統ずの関係は、䌝統ある叀兞の数 々絵でいえばデッサンを習い続ける修緎の積み重ねの基瀎の䞊に、栌調高く独自の個性を远求するこずにありたす。これは曞道界党員がひたすら同じく努力しおいるずころです。そしお完成は無いこずも承知しおいたす。

以䞋のアヌト分野ずあなたの䜜品の関係近䌌性や違いを述べお䞋さい。もし、他に説明しやすい分野があれば、自由に付け加えおください。

a) 芖芚芞術絵画、版画、圫刻 b) グラフィックデザむン c) 掻版印刷ずタむプ掻字・字䜓デザむン

abcの倚様な芞術分野では、それぞれの取り組み方法方向性や導入の方法等がありたすが、しかし根底は同じず考えおいたす。したがっお違いや近䌌性の分析は、副次的なこずです。

Interview with Tankei Maruyama / panoptikon December 2009

Page 12: Tankei Maruyama on Modern Japanese Calligraphy

あなたに重倧な圱響を及がした個人、経隓、芞術䜜品はありたすか

垫である故・藀田霞畊先生ずの出䌚いです。偉倧な芞術家で、劥協の無い生き様でした。たた次の先達からも倚くの圱響を受け、それは私の指針でした。䜜家の井䞊靖先生・児童文孊者の山本和倫先生、画家の䞭川䞀政先生、経営者であり博士であり、蝶研究者の五十嵐邁先生・䞇人に䞀人の逞材ず蚀われた行政官であり経営者でもあった江里口也富久氏です。この方々の共通は信念であり、それぞれの分野の宇宙でした。

どのように日本の曞道は、ここ幎、幎ず倉遷しおきたしたか

ここ幎、話蚀葉をベヌスずした、分かりやすい曞を曞く傟向にありたす。読みやすく理解しやすい字です。この分野は幎前から飯島春敬先生を䞭心に発展しおきたした。

今日の日本における曞道界はどのように組織されおいたすかプロ団䜓ずしお、芞術団䜓ずしお。どのような団䜓があり、振興に寄䞎しおいたすか

日本党囜にプロの団䜓ずしお、たた芞術団䜓ずしお、曞道団䜓が沢山ありたす。各組織は自由で、それぞれ曞道の振興の圹目を持ち、埌進の育成等に寄䞎しおいたす。

曞道の将来をどのように芋おいたすか

曞は氞久に存続するでしょう。コンピュりタヌ䞻流の珟圚、曞は埩掻し、珟圚ブヌムずなっおいたす。倚くの人が曞で曞き衚す事の喜び、楜しさを発芋しおいたす。 姿勢をただし、墚を磚り、筆を正しくし、蚀葉の意味を把握し、玙に無心になっお衚珟するごたかしの効かない䞖界ぞ突入です。自分自身を芋぀め盎す曞に。

Interview with Tankei Maruyama / panoptikon December 2009

Page 13: Tankei Maruyama on Modern Japanese Calligraphy

paNOpTIKON papers serIes

paNOpTIKON – On Contemporary Visual Culture

ISSN 1996-0344

www.panoptikon.net

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Editor: Marcelo Guimarães Lima

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