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Task 37 - Energy from Biogas

Minutes of the Fifth Meeting of the 2010/2012 Work Programme

April 18 to 20, 2012 Moss, Norway

David Baxter, European Commission - JRC Task Leader

IEA Bioenergy Task 37 Minutes of the Moss Meeting: 04-2012

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IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Energy from Biogas

Fifth meeting of the 2010/2012 work programme; April 18-20, 2012; Moss, Norway Participants: Austria Günther Bochmann European Commission David Baxter (Task Leader) Finland Outi Pakarinen France Olivier Théobald Ireland Jerry Murphy Netherlands Mathieu Dumont Norway Espen Govasmark Sweden Tobias Persson Switzerland Nathalie Bachmann United Kingdom Clare Lukehurst Apologies: Brazil Cícero Jayme Bley Jr. Canada Andrew McFarlan Denmark Teodorita Al-Seadi Germany Bernd Linke Turkey Selman Çağman & Volkan Çoban Guest Speakers: See Workshop Programme below.


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1. Opening

The Task Leader (TL) welcomed all members. The agenda was approved as well as the minutes of the last Task 37 meeting held in Cork in September 2011. The meeting agenda can be found in Annex I.

2 Work Programme 2010-2012

Topic 1 – Substrates for biogas production:

1.1: The Technical Brochure,“Biogas from Crop Digestion”, was published in October 2011. The Web link to the CROPGEN database was put on the Task website under “links/property databases.

1.2: Topic Leaders Günther Bochmann & Bernhard Drosg: Günther presented a draft of the new feedstock pre-treatments technical brochure. Discussions highlighted the need to clearly define the scope of the work for the reader; this will be that pre-treatment is for increasing productivity through increasing gas yield and the rate of gas production, and will include descriptions how new feedstocks can be included in biogas production and how “difficult” feedstocks can be accommodated in biogas plants. On this basis the title could be changed to “Feedstock pre-treatment technologies for enhanced biogas production”. Tobias offered additional information on straw pre-treatment (biological degradation) from Sweden. It was suggested that Table 5 should present options from the starting point of technologies and a new Table should be added to present options from the starting point of the substrate. As a reminder, it is important to clearly define which pre-treatment processes are proven at large scale and which are under development and tested only at small-scale. It is noted that the focus will be on agricultural crops and residues and that food waste (source separation work of Teodorita) and sewage sludge (new sub-Topic for Nathalie) will be addressed separately.

ACTION: Günther Bochmann (and possible Tulln co-author) to provide full revised draft for distribution to Task members (October 2012) and aim at publication very early in 2013 1.3: Topic Leader Nathalie Bachmann: AD of sewage sludge is an additional sub-Topic discussed in Cork and added to the work programme for 2013-2015. All agreed to offer examples of good practice for AD of sewage sludge in member countries.

ACTION: All to provide suitable examples of successful sewage sludge AD operations (December 2012)

Topic 2 – Optimisation of digestion processes: This Topic is focussed on process monitoring and economics of small-scale AD.

2.1: Topic Leaders Günther Bochmann & Bernhard Drosg. Günther presented 11 questions from the main author, Berhard. In brief, the answers are: (1) do not include detailed trouble shooting in the report; (2) should include relevant standards and appropriate reference; (3) focus on micro stability with a brief section on other monitoring of AD plants; (4) PAS 110 (UK) and similar regulation should be considered with reference to residual methane potential as a measure of how well a process is controlled; (5) additional English language literature needed for which Clare will provide assistance; (6) technology responses after review; (7) sampling should be included; (8) costs are always difficult and should be removed; (9) process stability to be included, but only briefly; (10) need input from Bernd on ammonia sensitive electrodes – Espen will also provide input and review text; (11) trace elements should be considered from the point of view of measuring techniques and highlighting difficulty of interpretation of results – Espen will contribute text for this part. It is planned that trace elements will be addressed in a larger


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dedicated study within the frame of process optimization in the 2013-2015 work programme.

ACTION: Bernhard Drosg to produce complete draft for distribution to Task members (October 2012) and aim at publication very early in 2013.

ACTION: Espen and Bernd to provide input to Bernhard Drosg where indicated above (August 2012).

2.2: Topic Leaders Clare Lukehurst & Nathalie Bachmann. Clare and Nathalie presented the latest draft, now with a working title, “The availability and variability of small on-farm biogas plants”. Need to include 3, 4 or 5 case studies in a qualitative way. If there are lots of data for a particular case study these should not be included in the technical brochure, but instead in a Success Story or Case Study. It is easier to up-date Success Stories and Case Studies (for example with new costs) than a Technical Brochure. A Plant List for suppliers of small scale AD plants will be included on the website. Chapter 10 needs input from other countries on proportions of costs for each part of a plant. Mathieu suggested adding input from NL on thresholds that have been set to avoid disincentives for small-scale plants. Further, Jerry will provide cost evaluations for silage supply and Mathieu will provide input from the HOST company.

ACTION: Clare Lukehurst & Nathalie Bachmann to distribute complete draft to Task members (October 2011) and aim at publication very early in 2013.

ACTION: Jerry and Mathieu provide input as indicated above (August 2012). Topic 3 – Biogas up-grading and pipeline injection: Topic Leaders: Tobias Persson

and Mathieu Dumont: Tobias has approximately doubled the size of the up-grading plant list for the countries S, NL, Ch and FIN, but D is missing. A link has been made toe the EU GasHighWay project. The Swedish Gas Centre has started a new project with 15v companies (representing different up-grading technologies) which will provide a report to Task 37 in 2013. The up-grading plant list has recently been up-dated. Success Stories have been identified for publication.

Mathieu reported that CEN/TC408 work on biomethane standards for vehicle fuel and pipeline injection is moving slowly. Specific to the Netherlands is that discussion are on-going on gas quality for injection from biogas plants. In 2021 there will be a new high quality gas standard. ACTION: Tobias Persson will continue to up-date the up-grading plant list and up-grading plant suppliers list on the Task website (November 2012) ACTION: Mathieu Dumont will continue to monitor progress on standards activities and report back to the Task (November 2012) Topic 4 – Digestate processing and quality: Topic Leader: Teodorita Al Seadi: The nearly final draft of the technical brochure was discussed. Since the Cork meeting Peter Frost had carried out major editing. Subsequently, Clare had become a co-author and members had intensively reviewed the document. A number of changes had been made according to reviewers requests. Discussion in Moss focussed mainly on Table 8 and methods for pasteurisation reported by Bendixen. A number of other small amendments were made. ACTION: Clare to check references and proof read the text. (mid-May 2012)

ACTION: Teodorita Al Seadi to finalise the text/annexes (end May 2012) ACTION: Task Leader to arrange graphics work and publication (June 2012)

Topic 5 – Emissions from biogas installations: Topic Leader: Mathieu Dumont: Mathieu Dumont summarised the report produced in NL on biogas emissions and the subsequent chapter written for the new Biogas Handbook that each used 21 references (reports) on emissions from various sources in biogas plants. See NL Country Report for a summary of emissions results. It was highlighted however that this subject is not closed so there is a need to keep collecting reports and emissions data into the next work programme 2013-2015.


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ACTION: All members to provide emissions publications and reports to Mathieu as they become available (December 2012)

Topic 6 – Information and education: – There is a long list of items to cover during the work programme. Continuous efforts are being made to maintain the website (including plant lists) and to produce a newsletter, the latter is distributed on request and is available on the website. The status of Success Stories is as follows:

• Kalmari biogas farm in Finland (Annimari Lehtomäki) – published February 2012 • Digestate treatment from collective of 30 farms in Switzerland (Nathalie

Bachmann) – published Marh 2012 • Biogas village Zeewolde in the Netherlands (Mathieu Dumont) – published

October 2011 • Centralised manure co-digestion at Ribe (Teodorita Al Seadi) – expected to be

published in June 2012 • Biowaste treatment at Ludlow in the United Kingdom (Clare Lukehurst) – draft

expected by end June 2012 • Membrane up-grading in Austria (Bernd Linke & Günther Bochmann) – on hold

ACTION: Authors to send final drafts to Task Leader according to agreed schedule.

Previously, Anneli and Mathieu recommend making links on the website to national biogas plant lists, thereby saving time and effort for the Task and probably ensuring more up-to-date information availability. This has been done for Finland. The website has a members area for meeting information and (large) file exchange.

ACTION: All members to provide stories for the newsletter to Arthur Wellinger (continuous) ACTION: All Task members to provide Task Leader with web links to national plant lists (continuous) (Note: the up-grading plant list will continue to be up-dated by the Swedish Gas Centre/Tobias). Topic 7 – Workshops and seminars: The target of holding at least one technical workshop/research exchange seminar each year will be maintained. Workshops were held in Copenhagen, Den Bosch, Istanbul, Cork and Moss. The Task has been invited to hold a joint research exchange workshop with the European VALORGAS project at a mutually convenient date, probably after the current work programme. ACTION: Future meeting hosts to consider the need, and eventually to plan (as appropriate) workshop for meetings (October 2012 for first meeting of 2013) Topic 8 – Joint projects with other IEA Bioenergy Tasks – Work has continued with other Tasks with the following results: Task 32: Teodorita provided input to a report on health and safety aspects of storage of solid biomass and the Task 37 contribution has been submitted. This work was paid by the ExCo’s Strategic Fund. Task 36: A first meeting on anaerobic digestion of organic wastes was held in Copenhagen in June 2011 and collaboration work began immediately. On the Task 37 side, in addition to providing data for Task 36’s LCA work, the text of the Source Separation technical brochure from 2006 has been up-dated and preparations are in progress a joint Task publication. Task 37 contributes financially to this joint work. Task 36 proposes holding a joint Task 36 – Task 37 meeting early in 2013. ACTION: Teodorita Al Seadi will complete the Source Separation technical brochure with Task 36 (November 2012)


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Task 38: Preliminary discussions have taken place on LCA of biogas from different feedstocks and for different products. Commitments to work with Task 38 in the 2012-2015 work programme have been requested by the ExCo. There will be an IEA Bioenergy conference in Vienna on November 13 & 14 2012 to mark the end of the 2010-2012 work programme. The format of the conference is still under discussion, however we know already that Task 37 will have one session in which there will be time for 5 presentations to show key achievements of the 2010-2012 work programme. ACTION: Task Leader to organise Task 37’s contribution to the Vienna conference (June 2012)

3 Work Programme 2013-2015 Proposed Topics have been discussed extensively in Istanbul and Cork and presented to the ExCo. A final draft of the work programme was presented at ExCo69 on May 8th 2012. The work programme is available as a separate ExCo document (ExCo69 03.06). At ExCo69, member countries of IEA Bioenergy indicated there intentions to join individual Tasks. For Task 37, 14 of the 15 current members will likely continue, Canada will not continue and Croatia and South Korea are considering joining the Task.

4 Country Reports Country Reports were given a lower priority than usual due to time spent on Technical Brochures. Below, summaries are given only for those countries that requested to make an up-date in Moss All Country Report presentations for all recent meetings can be found on the Task website at: http://www.iea-biogas.net/_content/publications/member-country-reports.html Finland: Outi Pakarinen The government target is to increase biogas production in the 2005-2020 period by 1 TWh and part of this target will be achieved by the promotion of biomethane use as a vehicle fuel. Interestingly, the Finnish Biogas Association aims to increase biogas production in the same period by 3 TWh. The theoretical potential in Finland in 2015 is estimated to range from 6.7 to 17.6 TWh (Table 1). Table 1: Technically feasible biogas potential in Finland in 2015 (after Pakarinen, 2012)

Technically feasible by 2015 (TWh)

Municipal solid waste 0.5-0.8 Food industry 0.2-0.3 Sewage sludge 0.2 Manure and straw 3.1-13.6 Energy crops (set aside cropland only)

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Landfill gas 0.7 Total 6.7-17.6

Data for 2010 show there are 74 biogas plants, including 39 landfills, 19 sewage sludge, 10 farm-scale and 6 co-digestion, producing a total of 139 million m3 of gas (630 GWh).

Utilisation was 66% of biogas production, 314.5 GWh of heat and 107 GWh of electricity, the rest was flared. Injection of biomethane into the natural gas grid started in October 2011 at a rate of 7 GWh/year. There are currently 17 CNG filling stations in the southern part of the country and the share of biomethane delivered at the pump is 10%. The cost at the pump is €1.44/kg (1 kg of biomethane is roughly equivalent to 1.1 litre of petrol in energy terms), currently the most cost effective renewable fuel in Finland and half the price of petrol. Additional up-grading projects are being built. About 1000 gas vehicles are in operation. In part due to the limited coverage of the natural gas grid in Finland, small-scale and locally supplied biomethane filling stations are becoming popular. Biomethane is free of excise tax while a tax of 12 cents/kg has been applied to CNG in 2011 and is expected to rise to 20 cents/kg by 2015. Gas vehicles are currently exempt from road tax, but this will change in 2013 when ~€250 will be applied to cars and ~€90 for vans.

Feed-in tariffs introduced in March 2011 ensure a guaranteed price of €83.5/MWh for electricity plus €50/MWh heat bonus provided that at least 50% total efficiency is obtained (=€133.5/MWh) for a duration of 12 years. The tariff only applies to plants with power output >85 kWe and only for new plants. Landfill gas and municipal waste plants are excluded. Investment grants of 15-40% are available for construction can be obtained as an alternative to feed-in tariff.

France: Olivier Théobald AD plants in operation in 2011 comprised 40 on farms, 7 centralised, 80 industrial, 60 sewage sludge, 10 MSW (4 biowaste and 6 grey waste) and 243 landfills (of which only 71 have energy production). There are 4 biogas up-grading plants in France, one on the landfill at Claye Souilly (100 m3/h biomethane using PSA and membrane), 2 at biowaste facilities in Lille (700 m3/h water scrubber) and Forbach (new facility with membrane system) and one municipal sludge facility at Lille-Marquette (stopped temporarily).

Investment costs for farm-scale, individual and centralised systems, are given as €8600/kWe for 100 kWe, €5600/kWe for 500 kWe and €5200/kWe for 1MWe. In the case of AD of MSW the treatment cost is €540/t.

New electricity tariffs published in May 2011 are explained in Figure 1.

Tariff in c€/kW

Tariff between 11,19 c€ and 19,97 c€ /kWh+ 10 % pour DOM

30%< M <60%


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Fig.1. Feed-in tariffs applied in France in May 2011 (after Théobald, 2012)

≤ + 2,6 Manure Bonus

150 500 2000 Electric Power in

300 1000

Basis Tariff

13,37

11,19

12,67 12,18 11,68

Energy Efficiency Bonus ≤ + 4

≤ + 4

35%< EE <70%

19,97

0


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New feed-in tariffs for up-grading from landfill gas will be €45 to 95/MWh depending on plant capacity, while for biogas plants the tariff will be €69 to €125/MWh depending on volume output and type of feedstock.

A national working group for up-grading and grid biomethane injection has been set up (www.injectionbiomethane.fr) and this will contribute to the work of CEN/TC408. Around 280 grid injection projects have been envisaged, 72% of which are considered technically possible, mostly with a capacity >100 m3/h biomethane and 81% based on agricultural or food processing residue feedstock.

A new regulation on the guarantee of origin of AD feedstock is being introduced to ensure the renewable status of biomethane. This will be explained further in future reports.

Germany: Bernd Linke The number of biogas plants in Germany is now >7000 (~2700 MWe installed capacity), including 780 plants for sewage sludge, 205 for industrial waste water treatment and 200 for the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, and an additional 1645 landfills (1650 MWe installed capacity). Biogas plant statistics are summarised in Table 2.

Biogas up-grading capacity is growing rapidly; 60 plants in operation in 2011 and a total of 80 should be in operation by the end of 2012. By 2020 it is planned to have 1000-1400 up-grading plants, most of them with capacities in the range 500-800 Nm3/h. At the current rate of construction only 20%-40% of the target will be reached. Most plants are operated by energy supply companies, while the transport and sales of biomethane from its production site to the end consumer is usually coordinated by a biogas trading company. A new process has been developed which allows injection from a local low pressure grid to a higher pressure grid. The cost of biomethane production is €0.06 – 0.08 /kWh, whereas the price for natural gas is €0.02 – 0.03 /kWh. The revised financial support for renewable energy in 2012 is given in Table 3 and in the Germany Country Report on the Task 37 website.

Table 2. Summary of data for German biogas plants (after German Biogas Association – 2011)

Parameter End of 2010 Forecast 2011

Forecast 2012

Number of plants of these feeding methane

5905 45

7100 60

7470 80

Installed electric power (MW)

2291 2780 2900

Net electricity production (MWh/a)

15 Mio 18 Mio 20 Mio

Homes supplied with electricity

4.2 Mio 5.1 Mio 5.7 Mio

Proportion of electricity consumption (%)

2.5 3.1 -

Turnover in Germany 5.1 Billion 6.1 Billion 5.6 Billion Jobs 39100 46000 46000 Export rate (%) 10 10 25

Table 3. Amendment of the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) 2012 in Germany

http://www.injectionbiomethane.fr/


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Plant

Size

Basic

bonus

(€ ct/kWh)

Substrate

category I 1)

(€ ct/kWh)

Substrate

category II 2)

(€ ct/kWh)

Bonus for

OFMSW

(€ ct/kWh)

Up-grading bonus

(€ ct/kWh)

< 75 kWel 25 3)

< 150 kWel 14,3 6,0 8,0 16,0

< 500 kWel 12,3 6,0 8,0 16,0

< 750 kWel 11,0 5,0 8,0 14,0

< 5 Mwel 11,0 4,0 8,0 14,0

< 20 MWel 6,0 0,0 0,0 14,0

3,0 until

700 Nm3/h

2,0 until

1000 Nm3/h

1,0 until

1400 Nm3/h

There are many research activities in progress looking at a range of subjects, many with a focus on increased process efficiency. One project, “BERBION, the future city with zero-waste biorefinery”” addresses concepts that include all process steps from waste arisings, waste inventory, collection and treatment through to product utilisation and emissions.

Netherlands: Mathieu Dumont In recent years the Netherlands started a large-scale activity to increase AD for the treatment of organic and agricultural wastes and residues. Current annual biogas production provides 3.26 PJ electricity and 20.3 PJ heat. More than 150 biogas installations are in operation and there is a planned annual increased capacity of 35 MWe.

Emphasis is shifting from electricity generation to up-grading to biomethane and the annual capacity for up-grading is expected to increase from a current capacity of 30 MNm3/year by 70 million MNm3 with individual plant capacities of 70 – 200 Nm3/h. However, costs for grid connections are higher than initially anticipated and can exceed €200k.

A recent report on emissions from biogas plants, the contents of which will be included in a chapter of the new Biogas Handbook edited by Task 37, was summarised in Moss. The report was based on 21 published studies covering the steps, substrate storage, digestion, CHP, up-grading, digestate storage and overall plant emissions. The data show wide variations for digestate storage, due to open and closed storage systems in use, and CHP production where there are widely different approaches to emissions management.

Fig.2. Summary of methane emissions during biogas production and utilisation for energy

and biomethane production (after Dumont, 2012)

Sweden: Tobias Persson AD is a mature and well-established process in Sweden where there are 229 biogas plants; 135 waste water treatment, 18 co-digestion, 14 farm, 5 industrial waste water and 57 landfills. Nevertheless, there is still substantial potential for additional biogas production from food waste (1.4 TWh), waste from parks and gardens (0.4 TWh), industrial waste and residues (2 TWh), sludge from waste water treatment (0.7 TWh) and agriculture residues (10.8 TWh), with an average practically recoverable maximum of about two-thirds of the total potential. However, there is little public financial support available to further expand biogas plant numbers.

One important financial challenge is to achieve income form digestate use as fertiliser for which a market need to be established. Quality certification is being adopted, for example REVAQ for waste water treatment plants and SPCR120 for digestate from waste. Maybe the new Task 37 report on digestate quality management will help the situation, particularly with respect to setting limits for heavy metals and organic pollutants.

There are around 50 biogas up-grading plants using a range of technologies from older PSAs to newer water and amine scrubbers as well as two cryogenic plants that have yet to be taken into operation. One new plant using water scrubbing is planned to produce 60 GWh/year liquid biomethane. The latest information for biomethane use for transport in Sweden is shown in Fig.3. There are approximately 39000 vehicles using a combination of natural gas and biomethene in Sweden.

IEA Bioener

10gy Task 37 Minutes of the Moss Meeting: 04-2012

Fig. 3. The growth of the use of natural gas and biomethane (given as biogas) as a vehicle fuel in Sweden (after Persson, 2012)

Switzerland: Nathalie Bachmann Biogas plants comprise, 22 industrial waste water, 27 biowaste and 76 agricultural. There are 460 municipal waste water treatment plants with AD, ~60 of them co-digesting biowaste. A number of new biogas projects are being developed, mainly farm-scale plants with capacities in the range 60-100 kWe.

Fig.4. Trend in (gross) biogas production in Switzerland (after Bachmann, 2012)

The numbers of agricultural AD plants has varied over the years while biogas production has steadily increased (Fig.4). There are 16 up-grading plants, 4 on agricultural sites, 4 on waste water plants and 8 at biowaste AD sites, with total biomethane production of 60 GWh in 2010.

Biomethane injection into the natural gas grid started in 2008 and exceeds 1 MNm3 annually (~40 GWh). A previous goal of 106 filling stations has been reached and more than 8600 vehicles run on methane, 18.6% (2008) of which is derived from biogas (balance natural gas).

Quality management of biogas plants is coming into increased focus and a new folder to support this was published in 2012. The folder acts as a guide for both construction and operation of biogas plants and provides checklists and guidance for the different steps in a project.

The scheme for feed-in tariffs is summarised in Table 4.

Table 4. Feed-in tariffs for electricity in Switzerland (1 Euro = 1.2 CHF) (after Bachmann, 2012)

Power class ≤ 50 kW

≤ 100 kW

≤ 500 kW

≤ 5 MW

> 5 MW

Basic tariff [CHF/kWh]

0.28 0.25 0.22 0.185 0.175

Agricultural bonus [CHF/kWh]

0.18 0.16 0.13 0.045 0

Heat bonus [CHF/kWh]

0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025


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Maximum [CHF/kWh]

0.485 0.435 0.375 0.255 0.20

There is a voluntary support programme for biogas/biomethane injection by the Swiss Gas Association (VSG) in which local gas providers supply a fund with ~ €2 M per year.

In terms of regulation, feeding with organic waste to animals is no longer allowed after summer 2011. Thermophilic AD plants using biowaste must prove the effectiveness of the hygienisation efficiency of their technology, or apply a dedicated hygienisation step after July 2011. A recently published report on AD and composting installations functioning as a hygiene barrier assesses the hygienisation potential of the digestion process. The report also considers new substrates and processes on the market and shows the weak points for certain feedstocks, pathogens and technologies. Recommendations are given for optimized plant operation by U. Baier and R. Warthman and K. Schleiss (UMWEKO) (http://www.biogas.ch/images/stories/pdf/Hygienebarrieren.pdf ). Certification is covered by the “Naturemade star” label.

Research projects include life cycle assessment studies on optimal plant size and options for biogas valorisation. In other work, optimisation of AD using enzymatic pre-treatment and microbial additives are being evaluated, and efficiency improvement is being studied with the purpose of space saving and lower cost operation.

United Kingdom: Clare Lukehurst There are 46 biogas plants treating food waste and 27 farm plants, together with an electrical capacity of 68 MW. The rate of new plant building has increased rapidly since 2005 (Fig.5). In addition, there are 146 waste water treatment AD plants with a total capacity of 110 MWe. Landfill sites, 345 in total, have an output of 1055 MW.

Fig. 5. Food waste and farm-based biogas plants in the United Kingdom (after DECC

2011)

Biogas up-grading from a range of AD plants has started, including a 500 t/year installation for landfill gas, 100 Nm3 /hr for grid injection and electricity production from brewery waste and grid injection of sewage treatment plant biomethane. Plans are in place for a 250 m3/hr government demonstration project for vehicle fuel and grid injection.


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http://www.biogas.ch/images/stories/pdf/Hygienebarrieren.pdf


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British Gas and Centrica have confirmed plans for 5 plants to up-grade sewage gas for grid injection by spring 2011. A summary of all biogas projects is available at the UK biogas information portal: http://biogas-info.co.uk/ .

Feed-in tariffs for electricity generation from August 2011 are, 14 p/kWh (~€0.17) for up to 250kW, 13 p/kWh (~€0.16) for >251 kW up to 500kW, and 9 p/kWh (~€0.11) for >500kW. Double Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROCS) apply to AD, although in Northern Ireland, quadruple ROCS are awarded to plants with sizes up to 500 kW and triple ROCS are awarded to plants in the range >500 kW to 5 MW.

A new renewable heat incentive operating from April 2011 provides a tariff of 6.8p/kWh (~€0.08) for biomethane injected into the natural gas grid and combusted downstream. Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation Certificates were worth 11.15p/litre (~€0.13) in late-2010.

Various funding mechanisms provide support for new plant building projects.

Extensive work is under way to evaluate digestate and to promote its use as a biofertiliser. The AD Quality Protocol (ADQP) was first published in 2009 and this gives greater certainty at which point waste can be considered fully recovered. There is a significant difference in acceptance criteria in the ADQP than in the proposed EU end-of-waste criteria for compost and digestate. The public available standard, PAS110 is the baseline quality specification for digestate and underpins the ADQP.

Crop trials using digestate ate on-going and results so far show better up-take of nitrogen from spring applications than when the digestate is applied in the autumn. Work in 2012 is also looking at GHG and ammonia emissions associated with digestate applications. There are also 17 field trials with digestate for landscape regeneration across the UK (e.g. on energy crops, brownfield sites, marginal land and sports fields). Extensive dissemination of information is underway. Markets for digestate are being actively sought and a report on this topic is expected soon.

The “Driving Innovation in AD (DIAD)” programme aims to speed up biogas project implementation at all scales. Demonstration of successful projects will take place in August 2012.

A biofertiliser certification scheme (www.biofertiliser.org.uk ) has been developed and will be administered by Renewable Energy Assurance Ltd (REAL), which is owned by the Renewable Energy Association. A contract with two certifying bodies, Organic Farmers and Growers and Scottish Farm Quality Certification, is ready for use. Regulations for farmers are as follows:

• Keep to tradition – use manure, apply according to Code of Good Agricultural Practice and Nitrate Vulnerable Zones regulation with no AD – simple and easy

• Exemption from waste regulations for AD if own farm manure and crops for own farm use applied for agricultural benefit in accordance with COGAP.

• Any other case requires full waste permit and transfer approval, unless AD plant registered and compliant with “Biofertiliser Certification Scheme”, in which case digestate is no longer classified as waste.

The AD Portal, www.biogas-info.co.uk, brings together access to the essential background information as well as details of where to find specialist advice.

6 Dates of Future Meetings November 15 & 16, 2012, Tulln/Vienna, Austria (hosted by Günther and Bernhard)

http://biogas-info.co.uk/

http://www.biofertiliser.org.uk/

http://www.biogas-info.co.uk/


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The end of work programme IEA Bioenergy conference will take place in Vienna immediately before the Task meeting. Presentations (up to 5) are invited from the Task. April or May 2013, Switzerland (dates and place to be decided)

7 Any Other Business A. There was a discussion about the EU end-of-waste criteria for compost and digestate on request of Clare (UK). In the draft report issued by the EC-JRC in October 2011 for comment there are two particularly disturbing proposals that could have a significantly detrimental effect on future digestate utilisation as a fertiliser. The first of these is the minimum solid matter content is set at 15% for both compost and digestate and this would be impossible to achieve for just about all wet AD processes without substantial (and expensive) post-AD digestate up-grading. The second proposal concerns limit values for heavy metals.

B. Woodhead, the publisher of the new Biogas Handbook, has collected almost all final drafts of chapters. Many of our members are involved in authorship and the book will carry the IEA Bioenergy logo when published. There will be a possibility to include in the book credits for the sponsoring organisations of each member country of Task 37.

C. Brazil has nominated a new national representative to be active in Task 37, Cícero Jayme Bley Jr.


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8. ACTION List

What Who When Complete draft of new feedstock pre-treatment brochure

Günther Bochmann

October 2012

Provide suitable examples of successful sewage sludge AD

All December 2012

Complete draft of new technical brochure on AD process monitoring techniques

Bernhard Drosg October 2012

Provide technical input to author of AD process monitoring techniques, in form of examples

Espen Govasmark & Bernd Linke

August 2012

Complete draft report on effect of AD plant size on economics of operation

Clare Lukehurst & Nathalie Bachmann

October 2012

Information input on cost evaluation of silage supply and details of HOST technology

Jerry Murphy & Mathieu Dumont

August 2012

Biogas up-grading plants: provide up-dated data to Tobias Persson who will make regular up-dates to the website

All Task members & Tobias Persson

November 2012

Report progress to Task members of biomethane grid injection standards work within European standards committee CEN/TC408

Mathieu Dumont November 2012

Check all references and provide complete reference list for digestate quality brochure

Clare Lukehurst Mid-May 2012

Final draft of digestate quality brochure Teodorita Al Seadi End-May 2012 Arrange graphics work and publication of digestate quality brochure

Task Leader June 2012

Provide emissions publications and reports to Mathieu Dumont as they become available

All Task members December 2012

Success Story: Ludlow biowaste – United Kingdom

Clare Lukehurst June 2012

News and stories for newsletter to Art Wellinger All Task members Continuous All Task members to provide links to national AD plant lists

All Task Members Continuous

Workshop planning: in association with 1st meeting if 2013

Task Leader and meeting host

October 2012

Complete Source Separation technical brochure with Task 36

Teodorita Al Seadi November 2012

Website up-dates Task Leader in collaboration with web master

Continuous

Organise Task 37’s contribution to the Vienna conference

Task Leader June 2012

9. Task Meeting Close The Task Leader thanked Espen Govasmark and Bioforsk for the excellent organisation of the meeting, workshop and supporting events.


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Technical Workshop at Ås University Campus The programme for the workshop can be found in Annex II. All presentations can be found on the Task 37 website (http://www.iea-biogas.net/_content/publications/workshops-and-seminars.html). The aim of the workshop was to review the recent progress of the use of digestate as a biofertiliser and the growing importance of digestate utilisation in the loop of recycling of resources. According to the Lystad presentation, in Norway there are 34 biogas plants, of which 23 are at waste water treatment sites, 6 treating waste and 5 based on manure. The landfill ban introduced in 2009 has increased the focus on AD of biowaste and on source separation in order to achieve higher quality feedstock for AD. It is estimated that the biogas potential is 6 TWh, 42% of which is from manure and 23% is from fish processing residues. Up-grading to biomethane and use as a transport fuel is seen as the best option for biogas utilisation.

The soon to be published digestate quality management technical brochure was summarised in the Al Seadi presentation and the important contributions of digestate management to nutrient recycling was highlighted, along with the procedures for achieving high digestate quality and avoidance of unacceptable levels of contamination. It was noted that a number of countries are now seeking to establish markets for digestate and thus quality management procedures and guidelines are vitally important.

The presentation of Dumont summarised activities in the biogas in the Netherlands and highlighted the importance of “positive lists” for AD feedstocks as a first step to achieve high quality digestate for use as fertiliser. Work on post-AD treatment digestate is a vital step in areas with high concentrations of animals in order to manage nutrients. Work on nutrient recovery and expert is on-going. Costs of operation of AD plants was also presented.

The presentation of Briseid addressed the potential GHG reductions from agriculture and how David Baxter Petten May 25th 2012

http://www.iea-biogas.net/_content/publications/workshops-and-seminars.html

http://www.iea-biogas.net/_content/publications/workshops-and-seminars.html

ANNEX I

TASK 37 MEETING AGENDA Wednesday, April 18th – Business Meeting at Moss Hotel

09:00 Opening and welcome

09:05 Round-table introductions – all members

09:15 Approval of agenda Check status of Actions on “Action List” Approval of minutes of Cork meeting

09:30 Work Programme 2010-2012 (Technical Topics)

Reporting back from Topic leaders from the Cork meeting (09-2011):

Topic 1 – Substrates for biogas production

1.2 Günther Bochmann to report on progress on new technical brochure on feedstock pre-treatments.

Topic 2 – Optimisation of digestion processes

2.1 Günther Bochmann to report on progress on new technical brochure on process monitoring techniques.

2.2 Clare Lukehurst and Nathalie Bachmann to report on progress on the new report on an economic study on small-scale AD plants.

Topic 3 – Biogas up-grading and pipeline injection

Tobias Persson to briefly report on latest up-grading plant list

Mathieu Dumont to briefly report on compilation of standards for biomethane pipeline injection and the status of EU (CEN) biomethane standards work

11:00 Topic 4 – Digestate quality management

Teodorita Al Seadi to provide a summary on the discussions leading to the final draft of the new digestate quality management brochure. Writing this report has been particularly difficult and final discussion is important so that the desired message from an IEA point of view is clearly understood.

Topic 5 – Emissions form biogas installations

Mathieu Dumont will provide a summary of the literature collected and the main points of the Dutch study on emissions from AD plants and the draft chapter in the Biogas Handbook.

12:15 Lunch

13:15 Work Programme 2010-2012 (Outreach Activities)

Topic 6 – Information and education

Web-site up-date. IEA Bioenergy Task 37 Minutes of the Moss Meeting: 04-2012

17


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Topic 7 – Workshops and seminars

There will be a workshop in Moss – proposals for other workshops in 2013 to be discussed.

Topic 8 – Joint projects with other IEA Bioenergy Tasks

Summary of multi-Task collaboration. This includes links to Task 32 (health and safety issues), Task 36 (solid waste – source separation) and Task 38 (LCA).

14:00 Country Reports (Up-dates – there is no need to give a country report this time if

very little has changed since the last meeting)

16:30 Date(s) of Next Meeting(s) - November 15 and 16, 2012 (Vienna or Tulln, Austria). This meeting will be held in the same week as the IEA Bioenergy ExCo conference (13th and 14th).

17:00 Preview of the workshop to be held on the next day

17:30 Close

18:30 Dinner at Moss Hotel restaurant

Thursday, April 19th –Workshop at the University Campus

09:00 See separate agenda (Biogas in the loop of recycling)

13:00 Lunch

14:00 Study tour in Oslo region

19:00 Dinner at local restaurant

Friday, April 20th – Continuation of Business Meeting at Moss Hotel

09:00 Continuation of business meeting

09:05 Success Stories (up-dates): • Biogas village Zeewolde in the Netherlands (Mathieu Dumont) (published) • Kalmari biogas farm in Finland (Annimari Lehtomäki) (published) • Digestate treatment from 30 farm-collective in Switzerland (Nathalie

Bachmann) (published) • Biowaste treatment at Ludlow in the United Kingdom (Clare Lukehurst) • Membrane up-grading in Austria (Bernd Linke & Günther Bochmann)

New/additional Success Stories to be discussed

09:30 Budget up-date: Topic Leaders/authors

09:45 Preparation for IEA Bioenergy Work Programme 2013-2015

Topics and Topic Leaders: 1. Feedstocks and the AD Process

AD Process Optimisation


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AD of Source Separated MSW AD of sewage sludge Biogas from Algae

2. AD Products Utilisation Biogas Up-grading Biomethane use as a transport fuel Digestate up-grading

3. Sustainability Methane emissions Biogas LCA

4. Success Stories and Case Studies

(Topics 1 to 3 will provide input to papers and reports to be published and to support policy makers. Collaboration with other Tasks will be included where appropriate as much as possible.

5. Horizontal Topics Workshops and seminars Information and education Website and Newsletter

11:00 Biogas Handbook – overview of contents and progress

11:30 Any Other Business (including time for Country Reports)

12:30 Summary of Actions

12:45 Close

ANNEX II WORKSHOP PROGRAMME

“Biogas in the loop of recycling” Thursday April 19th 2012

Place: Norsk Landbruksmuseum Auditorium, UMB-Campus, Ås

Workshop 09:00 – 09:10 Bioforsk - Dr. Roald Sørheim Welcome 09:10 – 09:40 Avfall Norge – Henrik Lystad. Biogas and waste management in Norway. 09:40 – 10:10 Biosantech – Teodorita Al Seadi (presented by Clare Lukehurst) Presenting the IEA Brochure “Quality management of digestate from biogas production” 10:10 – 10:40 Mathieu Dumont. Biogas and animal husbandry in the Netherlands – problems or solutions 10:40 – 11:00 Coffee/Tee/Refreshment 11:00 – 11:30 Nathalie Bachmann. ADR regulations in Switzerland 11:30 – 12:00 Tormod Briseid Biogas and digestate in agriculture – Dr. Tormod Briseid 12:00 – 12:30 Cambi – Paal Jahre Nielsen Pretreatment effects on the biogas production from wastes 12:30 – 12:55 Oslo EGE – Øystein Ihler Waste handling of organic residues for biogas in Oslo 12:55 – 13:00 Espen Govasmark Close workshop 13:00 – 14:00 Lunch - Norsk Landbruksmuseum


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ANNEX III MEMBERS, AFFILIATIONS AND CONTACT DETAILS

EUROPEAN COMMISSION (Task Leader) David Baxter Clean Energies Unit European Commission Joint Research Centre Westerduinweg 3 1755 LE Petten, The Netherlands Tel: +31-22456-5227 Fax: +31-22456-5626 email: [email protected]

AUSTRIA Bernhard Drosg IFA-Tulln BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Institute for Environmental Biotechnology Konrad Lorenzstrasse 20 A-3430 Tulln, Austria Tel.: +43 2272 66280 537 Fax.: +43 2272 66280 503 email: [email protected] Alternative member: Günther Bochmann (same address as Bernhard Drosg) Tel: +43 2272 662 80 536 Fax: +43 2272 662 80 503 email: [email protected] BRAZIL Cícero Jayme Bley Jr. Renewable Energy Advisor at Itaipu Binacional Brazil Tel.: +55 45 3520 5252 Email:[email protected] Alternative member: José Geraldo de Melo Furtado Research Centre on Electric Energy (CEPEL) Brazil Tel: +55 21 2598 6069 email: [email protected] CANADA Andrew McFarlan 1 Haanel Drive Ottawa Ontario K1A 1M1 Canada Tel: +1 613 995 2376 Fax: +1 613 996 9400 email: [email protected] DENMARK Teodorita Al Seadi BIOSANTECH - Biogas advisory and consulting Lerhøjs Allé 14 DK-6715 Esbjerg Denmark Tel: +45 305 11553 email: [email protected]

FINLAND Jukka Rintala Department of Biological and Environmental Science, PO Box 35 FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland Tel: +358-40-506 2425, Fax: +358 40 506 2425 email: [email protected] Alternative member: Annimari Lehtomäki Jyväskylä Innovation Ltd. P.O. Box 27 (Visiting address: Piippukatu 11) FI-40101 Jyväskylä Finland email: [email protected] FRANCE Olivier Théobald ADEME - Direction Consommation Durable et ….Déchets Département Gestion Optimisée des Déchets 20 avenue du Grésillé BP 90406 49004 Angers Cedex 01, France Tel: +33 2 41 20 43 12 Fax:+33 2 41 20 43 48 email: [email protected] Alternative Member: Guillaume Bastide (same address as Olivier Théobald) email: [email protected] GERMANY Bernd Linke Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim (e.V.) Abt. Bioverfahrenstechnik Max-Eyth-Allee 100 14469 Potsdam Tel: +49-331-5699-110 email: [email protected] IRELAND Jerry Murphy Director Bioenergy and Biofuels Research Environmental Research Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland Tel: +353 21 490 2286 Fax: +353 21 427 6648 email: [email protected] NORWAY Espen Govasmark Bioforsk (Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research) Fr. A. Dahlsvei 20, N-1432 Ås, Norway Tel: +47 404 80 233 email: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:%[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


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SWEDEN Tobias Persson / Anneli Petersson Svenskt Gastekniskt Center AB Scheelegatan 3, S-212 28 Malmö, Sweden Tel: +46 40 680 07 64 Fax: +46 40 680 07 69 email: [email protected] email: [email protected] SWITZERLAND Nathalie Bachmann EREP s.a. Ch. Du Coteau 28 1123 Aclens, Switzerland Tel : +41 21 869 9887 email : [email protected] THE NETHERLANDS Mathieu Dumont Agentschap NL Croeselaan 15 3521 BJ Utrecht The Netherlands Tel: +31 88 602 2790 Fax: +31 30 231 64 91 email: [email protected]

TURKEY Selman Çağman TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center Energy Institute, PO Box 21 Gebze 41470 Kocaeli Turkey Tel: +90 262 677 2841 email: [email protected] Alternative member: Volkan Çoban (same address as Selman Çağman) Tel : +90 262 677 2842 email: [email protected] UNITED KINGDOM Clare Lukehurst 52, Broadstairs Road Broadstairs Kent CT 10 2 RJ England Tel/Fax: +44 1843 861690 email: [email protected] OPERATING AGENT Kyriakos Maniatis European Commission DG ENER Rue de la Loi 200 B-1049 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2299 0293 Fax: +32 2296 6261 email: [email protected]

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